CN1095722C - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine tool, which has a bed, on which a column capable of moving left and right is arranged; a Y-axis slider capable of moving up and down is arranged on the column, and a Y-axis slider is arranged on the Y-axis slider to move forward and backward. The headstock that moves in the direction, the spindle box that can load and unload tools and can take the axis parallel to the direction of advance and retreat of the headstock as the axis of rotation on the headstock, and a tool magazine that stores multiple tools. A plurality of cutters can perform circumferential indexing and loading and unloading in the tool magazine with the axis parallel to the advancing and retreating direction of the above-mentioned spindle box as the rotating shaft.

Description

machine tool

The invention relates to a combination machine tool with tool magazine.

In the past, as shown in Figure 7, the machine tool with the tool magazine disclosed in the Patent Application No. Hei 3-29234 has a movable table 101 movably arranged in the front and rear direction (z direction) on the bed 100, and A column 102 is provided on the movable table 101 so as to be movable in the left and right direction (x direction). A headstock 103 is movably arranged in the vertical direction (y direction) of the column 102, and the headstock 103 supports the rotation of the main shaft 104 around an axis parallel to the Z axis. In such a 3-axis (x, y, z axis) slide plate type basic structure, the bed 100 is provided with a tool magazine support 105, and on the tool magazine support 105 is provided with a The tool magazine 106 of the tool T, the automatic tool changing device 108 with the tool changing arm 107, and the tool T is moved from the tool magazine 106 to the grabbing position of the tool changing arm 107 within the width of the x-axis direction of the library body 100 The upper transfer device 109, in order to reduce the size and speed of the device.

In the above-mentioned machine tool, the movable table 101 on which the above-mentioned column 102 is placed is provided with a slide-type protective cover 110 that can expand and contract with the movement of the column 102 left and right and cover the guide rails (not shown) that guide and support the same column 102 . In addition, between the mobile platform 101 and the bed 100 in front of the column 102, a slide plate type protective cover (not shown) that expands and contracts with the movement of the mobile platform 101 in the Z-axis direction and covers the guide rails that guide and support the mobile platform 101 is provided. Between the headstock 103 and the column 102 is provided a slide-type protective cover (not shown) that expands and contracts as the headstock 103 moves in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) and covers the front side of the column 102 .

In addition, in the above-mentioned machine tool, a coolant tank (not shown) is provided on the side of the bed 100 to collect chips scattered during machining or coolant for the tool T. FIG. The coolant tank is provided with a chip conveyor that conveys chips to the rear of the device, and a coolant supply pump that sucks coolant up from the inside after passing through the filter and supplies it to each supply unit.

In recent years, people have been eagerly expecting performances such as space saving (miniaturization), low cost and high speed on this kind of machine tool. , an automatic tool changing device 108 with a tool changing arm 107 and a conveying device 109 that transports the tool T from the tool magazine 106 to a position where it is exchanged with the tool changing arm 107 are provided, so there is an increase in manufacturing cost due to the installation of these devices. The problem.

In addition, in the above-mentioned machine tools, due to the scattering of chips or coolant, although slide-type protective covers are provided to cover the above-mentioned guide rails, the flying chips are bitten on the sliding parts of these protective covers, causing the column 102 to be damaged. , The moving table 101, the headstock 103, etc. have movement obstacles, or the movement resistance of the protective cover will affect the high speed.

In addition, since the chip conveyor provided on the coolant tank is placed on the side of the bed 100, there is another problem that space saving and compactness in the width direction of the device cannot be achieved.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a machine tool which has a compact structure and can reduce manufacturing costs.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

The machine tool of the present invention has: an upright column arranged on the bed and capable of moving left and right; a Y-axis slider arranged on the column and capable of moving up and down; a spindle box arranged on the Y-axis slider and capable of advancing and retreating forward and backward : supported on the spindle box, and can rotate around the axis of the spindle box; the tool magazine is arranged above the above-mentioned spindle, and a plurality of tools can be rotated and indexed around the axis parallel to the advance and retreat direction of the above-mentioned spindle box, and can be loaded and unloaded. ; Under the state that the above-mentioned spindle box is located at the retreating end, the tools held by the above-mentioned tool magazine are selectively installed on the above-mentioned main shaft; Tooling on the aforementioned spindle.

In front of the column and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the main shaft, there is a telescopic XY movable protective cover linked with the up and down movement and left and right movement of the main axis; at the same time, a cover is set on the bed to cover the above column The surrounding fixed protective cover, through the above-mentioned XY movable protective cover and the fixed protective cover, the chip and coolant splashed processing area generated by the tool installed on the above-mentioned spindle when processing the workpiece and the processing area for accommodating the above-mentioned column and the Y-axis slider and headstock areas are separated.

The support structure on the Y-axis slider of the headstock is composed of a guide rail disposed on the headstock side and a guide slider disposed on the Y-axis slider side to guide and support the guide rail.

A coolant tank extending in the advancing and retreating direction of the headstock is provided below the column and located in the center of the bed.

In the machine tool of the present invention constituted as described above, when the tool is replaced, the tool mounted on the main shaft is transferred to the tool magazine by the lifting action and the retreating action of the headstock with respect to the tool magazine, and then the next time is performed. The rotary indexing of the tool to be used, and then the movement of the tool from the tool magazine is completed through the forward movement and downward movement of the spindle.

In addition, in the machine tool of the present invention, when the workpiece is processed by 3-axis control in the up and down, front and rear, and left and right directions, the XY movable protective cover installed in front of the column can move horizontally with the column and the Y-axis slide plate up and down. The movement is linked and telescopic, which can completely cover the movable area of the column in front of the column and the movable area of the headstock. Furthermore, through the XY movable shield and the fixed shield covering the entire device, the machining area where chips or coolant are splashed when machining workpieces is isolated from the non-machining area where chips or coolant intrude in front of the column.

In addition, in the machine tool of the present invention, compared with the case where the guide slider is provided on the headstock side and the guide rail is provided on the Y-axis slide plate as the fixed side, since the support rigidity of the headstock at the retreating edge position becomes larger , so the overall support rigidity relative to the headstock can be improved.

Furthermore, in the machine tool of the present invention, because the coolant tank extending in the forward and backward direction of the spindle box is arranged in the center of the bed below the column, the width of the device can be made more compact.

The present invention has the following effects:

The machine tool of the present invention, because of adopting to fix and install the tool magazine on the fixed side in front of the column and carry out the replacement work of the cutting tool by the up and down movement of the main shaft, so, while the cutting tool changing arm adopted on the traditional machine tool can not be used, as The driving device of the tool magazine can work as long as it has a rotating mechanism with indexable tools, which will help to simplify, compact and reduce the cost of the device.

In addition, in the machine tool of the present invention, on the basis of the 3-axis structure in which the column moves left and right, the Y-axis slide plate moves up and down, and the headstock moves forward and backward, because the front of the column is provided with the movement of the headstock. The XY movable protective cover separates the processing area at the front of the device and the non-processing area at the rear of the device through the XY movable protective cover and the fixed protective cover surrounding the entire device, so it can prevent chips or cooling during workpiece processing Fluid splashes onto non-processing areas. Therefore, there is no need to install slide-type protective covers on the sliding plate parts in the 3-axis direction like the traditional 3-axis structure machine tool, which can simplify the overall protective cover structure and help reduce costs.

In addition, in the machine tool of the present invention, since guide rails are provided on the headstock on the movable side, and guide sliders are provided on the Y-axis slide plate on the fixed side, the overall support rigidity of the headstock can be improved. For this point, in the traditional machine tool of this type, since the guide slider is provided on the side of the headstock and the guide rail is provided on the side of the base, when the headstock travels forward, the guide must be fixed at the position where it retreats to the rear. slider. This is because, when shifting from the forward edge position of the headstock to the retreat edge position, the headstock is always in a state protruding forward from the position supported by the guide slider. In the support structure of such a structure, since the moment acts on the headstock due to the self-weight of the forwardly protruding part, there is a disadvantage that the support rigidity of the headstock is small regardless of the forward position or the backward position. In contrast, in the machine tool of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 5, the self-weight of the headstock can be borne by the support position of the guide slider at the retreat edge position of the headstock, so it can be particularly used in the retreat of the headstock. Improve the support stiffness at the edge position.

In addition, in the machine tool of the present invention, because the coolant tank extending in the forward and backward direction of the spindle box is arranged in the center of the bed below the column, the width of the device can be made more compact.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 3 is a top view of the overall structure of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the overall structure of the machine tool of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is an enlarged front view of the tool magazine device.

Fig. 7 Front view of a machine tool with a conventional tool magazine arrangement.

In the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. The tool magazine 50 is equipped with a coolant tank 60 in the center of the bed 10 below the column 12. In front of the column 12, it isolates the processing area of the workpiece W and accommodates the Y-axis slide plate 14 carrying the headstock 18, etc. The XY movable protective covers 34 and 43 in the XY axis direction of the non-machining area are provided in a plane orthogonal to the advancing and retreating direction of the headstock 18 .

On the bed 10 shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a pair of X-axis guide rails 11 along the X-axis direction (left-right direction) are arranged in parallel, and the X-axis guide rails 11 pass through the guide sliders. 11a guides and supports a gantry-shaped column 12 slidably in the X-axis direction.

In front of the support plates on the left and right sides of the column 12, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, a pair of Y-axis guide rails 13 along the Y-axis direction (up and down direction) are fixed in parallel, and the Y-axis guide rails 13 guide and support the The Y-axis slide plate 14 that slides up and down. That is, the Y-axis slide 14, as shown in FIG. The vertical portion 14a and the horizontal portion 14b form a cross-section close to an L shape, and the vertical portion 14a is guided and supported by the Y-axis guide rail 13 as shown in FIG. 3 through a pair of guide sliders 13a on the left and right sides thereof. And can slide in the direction of the up and down axis.

As shown in FIG. 5, on the horizontal portion 14b of the Y-axis slide 14, a pair of guide sliders 15 separated in the Z-axis direction are fixed side by side in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). 15 slidably guides and supports a pair of Z-axis guide rails 17 fixed below the Z-axis slide table 16 parallel to the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction), on which the headstock 18 is fixed. Furthermore, on the Y-axis slide 14, the headstock 18 can move in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction) via the Z-axis slide table 16. As shown in FIG.

A Z-axis direction opening 14c is formed on the vertical portion 14a of the Y-axis slide 14, and the headstock 18, Z-axis slide table 16, and Z-axis guide rail 17 are integrally movable in the opening 14c in the front-rear direction. The ball nut 19b of the ball screw 19a is supported on the fixed base 19c fixed to the bottom of the above-mentioned column 12, and the column drive motor 19 installed on the above-mentioned bed 10 is driven in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) by the ball screw 19a. Above-mentioned column 12 moves forward and backward.

On the side of the horizontal portion 14b of the above-mentioned Y-axis slide 14, as shown in FIG. The ball screw 20a drives the Y-axis slide 14 to move forward and backward in the Y-axis direction (up-down direction).

In addition, on the horizontal portion 14b of the above-mentioned Y-axis slide 14, as shown in FIG. An opening 14e in the front-rear direction is formed between the guide sliders 15 that are divided to the left and right, and a fixed base 21c that is movable in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction) is housed in it. The fixed base 21c is fixed to the bottom surface of the Y-axis slide table 16 and supports the ball nut 21b of the ball screw 21a. Behind the above-mentioned opening area 14d, the ball screw 21a is connected to the output shaft of the Z-axis slide table driving motor 21 fixed on the horizontal part 14b of the Y-axis slide plate 14, and the motor 21 passes through the ball nut 21b to move forward and backward. direction drives the main shaft box 18 to advance and retreat. In addition, each sliding part composed of the above-mentioned X-axis guide rail 11 and the guide slider 11a, the Y-axis guide rail 13 and the guide slider 13a, the Z-axis guide rail 17 and the guide slider 15 is used as a direct motion guide to constitute.

A spindle 22 supported on the headstock 18 and rotatable on an axis parallel to the Z axis is driven to rotate by a spindle rotation drive motor 23 directly connected to the rear of the headstock 18 . A tool holder Ta is mounted on the front of the spindle 22 to attach and detach a tool T that is clamped or loosened by a clamping mechanism (not shown) provided in the spindle housing 22 .

The above-mentioned jig 24 is provided on the bed 10 in front of the column 12 , and the workpiece W can be positioned and fixed on the jig 24 . The surrounding space of the clamp 24 is covered with a fixed protective cover 30 consisting of side walls and a top. The fixed protective cover 30 covers the side and top of the column 12 and extends to the rear, and is installed on the bed through the supporting components not shown in the figure.

In front of the column 12, horizontal front plates 32, 33 are fixed to the upper and lower parts of a pair of columns 31 that are separated left and right and erected on the bed 10. Between these upper and lower front plates 32, 33, as shown in Fig. 1 As shown, a pair of left and right support brackets 35 are arranged on both sides of the above-mentioned headstock 18, and a pair of guide rails are formed inside the pair of support brackets 35. ) moving Y-axis movable shield 34. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 , the support bracket 35 is fixed to the left and right sides of the column 12 by a pair of upper and lower connecting members 36 . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , the Y-axis movable shield 34 is composed of a main movable shield 34 a and a sub movable shield 34 b surrounding the front end portion of the headstock 18 . The sub movable guard 34b is composed of a plurality of sliding guards arranged above and below the main movable guard 34a and expanded and contracted in conjunction with the vertical movement of the main movable guard 34a. The main movable shield 34a is formed with an opening 37 passing through the headstock 18, the Z-axis slide table 16 and the Z-axis guide rail 17 to allow the headstock 18 to move forward and backward in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction). The main movable shield 34a is fixed on the Y-axis slide 14 by a pair of upper and lower connecting members 38 . In addition, sliding sealing brushes (not shown) are provided in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the headstock 18 around the inside of the opening area 37 to prevent chips or coolant from entering the rear due to the advance and retreat of the headstock 18.

In the above-mentioned structure, if the main movable shield 34a of the Y-axis movable shield 34 moves integrally with the headstock 18 due to the up-and-down motion of the Y-axis slide 14, then the secondary movable shield can be stretched and retracted. The movable range of the headstock 18 in the Y-axis direction (up-and-down direction) ensures that the front of the column 12 is always covered.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , a roller shutter device 40 is provided on a pair of left and right pillars 31 , respectively. This roller shutter type protective cover device 40 is made up of following parts: the support member 41 that is fixed on the pillar 31, is installed on this support member 41 rotatable take-up shaft 42, one end is fixed on this take-up shaft 42, and the other end is fixed on support On the support 35, the curtain guard 43 arranged on the winding shaft 42, the torsion spring ( Figure omitted). In the formed rolling shutter device 40, due to the torsion of the torsion spring, the curtain protective curtain 43 is always provided with tension in the winding direction, and along with the left and right movement of the column 12, it moves from the winding shaft 42 The front part of the column 12 can always be kept covered within the movable range of the column 12 and the headstock 18 in the X-axis direction.

Furthermore, an XY movable guard covering the entire front portion of the column 12 is constituted by the X-axis direction curtain guard 43 in the left and right roll guard device 40 and the above-mentioned Y-axis direction movable guard 34 . Because the XY movable guard so constituted and the fixed guard arranged on the bed 10 surround the machining area where the tool T mounted on the spindle 22 processes the workpiece W positioned and fixed on the fixture 24, it is possible to prevent Chips or coolant are splashed from the front of the column 12 to the non-processing area at the rear. In addition, although a roller shutter type shield device is used as the movable shield in the X-axis direction in this embodiment, it is also possible to use a slide-type shield similar to the movable shield 34 in the Y-axis direction.

As shown in Figure 5, the tool magazine 50 has the following mechanisms: a fixed base 51 fixed on the upper front plate 32; a rotating part 52 that supports rotation around an axis parallel to the Z axis; The pair of grippers 53 of the tool holder Ta for clamping and clamping the tool T, the grippers are arranged in pairs at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating part 52; Indexing motor 55 on rotating part 52 . The index motor 55 drives the tool T clamped by the pair of jaws 53 to rotate and index to the position P where the tool is exchanged with the main shaft 22 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the pair of claws 53 is composed of a fixed claw 53 a fixed to the rotating member 52 and a movable claw 53 b rotatably supported on the rotating member 52 by a pin shaft 56 . Spring holding grooves 57a, 57b are formed opposite to each other between the fixed claws 53a adjacent in the circumferential direction and the movable claws 53b placed behind them, and springs 58 are respectively inserted in these spring holding grooves 57a, 57b. , and fixed on both ends. These springs 58 bias the movable claws 53b in a direction to close them, and form an opening angle with the fixed claws 53a so that the cutter T can move in and out when the cutter T is not clamped.

The tool magazine 50 constituted as described above is placed in the tool magazine protective cover 44 fixed on the top front plate 32, and at the bottom of the tool magazine protective cover 44, as shown in Figure 6, a window 45 for changing the tool is provided. , the window 45 is provided with a tool change stopper 46 opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder 47 . Furthermore, an opening 44 a connected to the tool changing window 45 and located above the tool changing window 45 is formed on the tool magazine 44 so that the headstock 18 can move to a position P for exchanging tools with the tool magazine 50 .

Therefore, when changing the tool, when the pair of grippers 53 that do not hold the tool T are indexed to the state of changing the tool position P, the tool change stopper 46 is opened, and the tool is installed on the main shaft 22 by the rise of the headstock 18. The tool holder Ta of the tool T on the top is inserted into the gripper 53 . Then, after the main shaft 22 releases the clamping mechanism of the tool T, the main shaft housing 18 is allowed to retreat, and the indexing motor 55 rotates and indexes the tool T to be used next time, and in this state, the main shaft housing 18 is allowed to advance again. And the tool T used next time is installed and clamped on the main shaft 22, then the main shaft housing 18 is allowed to descend and the tool T is drawn out from the claw card 53, and the replacement of the tool is completed. After changing the tool, when the spindle box 18 descended to the position of not interfering with the tool magazine guard 44, the tool changing stopper 46 was closed again. In addition, the dashed-two dotted line shown in FIG. 5 indicates that the headstock 18 has moved to the position P for tool replacement.

As above, because the tool is replaced by the action of the indexing tool T of the tool magazine 50 and the up and down and forward and backward movement of the main shaft 18, the mechanism of the tool magazine 50 can be simplified. At the same time, because the tool changing arm is no longer needed, Therefore, cost reduction can also be sought.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 3 , a coolant tank 60 for discharging chips or coolant is provided in the center of the bed 10 below the column 12 in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction). The coolant tank 60 extends between the upright 12 and the clamp 24 at the front of the device and as far as the rearmost edge at the rear of the device. Inside the coolant tank 60 is provided a chip conveyer belt 61 for conveying chips to a chip conveying trolley (not shown) provided at the rear of the device. The chip conveyor belt 61 is driven by the chip transfer belt driving motor 62, and the chips generated during processing are conveyed from the front of the device through the interior of the bed 10 to the rear of the device, and at the same time, the chips are conveyed to the upper part at the rear of the device and the chips are transported from the upper position. Fall onto the chip conveying trolley mentioned above. In addition, on the upper rear end of the coolant tank 60, there are two high-pressure coolant supply pumps and low-pressure coolant supply pumps that suck coolant from the coolant tank 60 and supply the coolant to the supply parts of the device. A supply pump 63. In addition, the coolant is sucked into the coolant supply pump 63 through a filter (not shown).

In the bed 10 between the clamp 24 and the column 12, a discharge hole 10a for discharging chips and coolant to the coolant tank 60 is formed. Slopes 10b, 10c inclined toward the discharge hole 10a are formed on the top of the bed 10, through which chips and coolant can be smoothly discharged to the discharge hole 10a. Furthermore, the chips are conveyed to the rear on the chip conveyor belt, and the coolant remains at the bottom of the coolant tank 60 .

The coolant tank 60 disposed in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction) as described above can be placed in the center of the lower bed 10 of the column 12, so that the width of the device can be made compact. In addition, although the coolant tank 60 extends to between the column 12 and the clamp 24 at the front of the device, it is also possible to move the discharge hole 10a that flows into the chips and coolant through the above-mentioned inclined surfaces 10b, 10c to be moved back a little, in order to shorten the The length of the coolant tank 60 in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction).

By reducing the size of the coolant tank 60 as above, the amount of coolant used as a whole can be reduced, and the coolant supply pump 63 can also be downsized, thereby reducing costs substantially. In addition, the control cabinet 70 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is fixed on the bed 10 vertically by a support bracket 71 .

The working process of the machine tool constituted as above will be described below.

When starting to process, the spindle box 18 and the column 12 are located at the original positions shown in FIG. 4 , the workpiece W is positioned and fixed on the fixture 24 , and the tool change stopper arranged on the tool magazine protective cover 44 is in a closed state. In this state, the main shaft rotation drive motor 23 rotates and drives the main shaft 22, and also makes the column drive motor 19, the Y-axis slide plate drive motor 20 and the Z-axis slide table drive motor 21 work, and the workpiece W is controlled by the three axes in the XYZ axis direction. Perform scheduled processing. During this machining, the coolant is sprayed from the coolant nozzle (not shown) to the machined portion of the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.

When the Y-axis slide plate 14 moves up and down in the Y-axis direction during the cutting process, the main movable shield 34a of the Y-axis movable shield 34 moves up and down integrally with the headstock 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16. , The secondary movable shield 34b expands and contracts up and down. In addition, when the column 12 moves left and right in the X-axis direction, the curtain guard 43 as a movable guard in the X-axis direction is pulled out or drawn in from the roller shutter device 40 as the column 12 moves. . In addition, when the spindle box 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16 move back and forth in the Z-axis direction, the sliding seal brush (not shown) on the inner circumference of the opening area of the main movable shield 34a is rubbed against the spindle box 18. , Z-axis slide table 16 and the outer peripheral surface of Z-axis guide rail 17, to prevent the coolant sprayed on the processing part of the workpiece W from splashing to the rear.

In this way, no matter how the spindle box 18 moves in the XYZ3 axis direction, the cutting process is always carried out under the state covered by the XY movable protective cover at the front portion of the column 12 . Although the chips generated by machining and the coolant sprayed to the machining part are splashed on the bed 10 around the jig 24, the chips and the coolant flow into the discharge hole 10a together due to the inclined surface 10b formed on the bed 10, and further It is discharged into the coolant tank 60. Since the discharge hole 10a faces the upper part of the chip conveyor belt 61 provided in the coolant tank 60, the chips fall on the chip conveyor belt 61 and pass through the inside of the bed 10 by the chip conveyor belt 61 driven by the chip conveyor belt driving motor 62. It is transported to the rear of the device and dropped on the chip transport trolley (not shown) arranged at the rear of the device. At the same time, the cooling liquid is retained at the bottom of the cooling liquid tank 60, and the retained cooling liquid is sucked by the cooling liquid supply pump 63 arranged at the rear of the device through a filter (not shown) and circulated to each supply part of the device. When the cutting process is completed, the rotation of the spindle 22 is stopped, and the column 12 and the headstock 18 are returned to their original positions. Then, when carrying out tool replacement, at first let main shaft 22 rise to the below of tool storehouse protective cover 44 (the position shown by single dotted line among Fig. 6), at this moment, will not hold tool T The gripper 53 is indexed to the tool replacement position P. Next, the spindle 22 is advanced to a position where the tool holder Ta of the tool T mounted on the same spindle 22 is aligned with the gripper 53 of the tool magazine 50 . Thereafter, the tool change stopper 46 is opened, the main shaft 22 is raised to the position shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 5 and the tool holder Ta of the tool T is inserted into the gripper 53 waiting above. At this time, the gripper 53 is forcibly opened due to the upward movement of the main shaft 22 to counteract the elastic force of the spring 58, and when the tool holder is fully inserted, the tool holder is firmly clamped by the elastic force of the spring 58. . In this state, the main shaft 22 releases the tool T, then allows the main shaft 22 to retreat, and the indexing motor 55 rotates and indexes the tool T to be used next time to the tool replacement position P. Next, the spindle 22 is further advanced by a predetermined distance, and the tool T indexed to the tool replacement position P is clamped on the spindle 22 .

After the tool T is installed on the main shaft 22 , the main shaft 22 is lowered to counteract the elastic force of the spring 58 , and the tool holder Ta is pulled out from the gripper 53 . After the main shaft 22 descends to the position of not interfering with the tool change stopper 46, close the tool change stopper 46, the main shaft 22 returns to the original position through the above-mentioned opposite action, and waits for the next processing.

In the above-described embodiment, because the Z-axis guide rail 17 that is arranged on the movable spindle box 18 and the guide slider 15 that is arranged on the fixed Y-axis slide plate 14 guide and support the spindle box 18 in the Z-axis direction, so , the support rigidity at the retreating edge position of the headstock 18 becomes larger, so that the support rigidity of the headstock 18 as a whole can be improved.

The position of the gripper 53 of the tool magazine 50 . Thereafter, the tool change stopper 46 is opened, the main shaft 22 is raised to the position shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 5 and the tool holder Ta of the tool T is inserted into the gripper 53 waiting above. At this time, the gripper 53 is forcibly opened due to the upward movement of the main shaft 22 to counteract the elastic force of the spring 58, and when the tool holder is fully inserted, the tool holder is firmly clamped by the elastic force of the spring 58. . In this state, the main shaft 22 releases the tool T, then allows the main shaft 22 to retreat, and the indexing motor 55 rotates and indexes the tool T to be used next time to the tool replacement position P. Next, the spindle 22 is further advanced by a predetermined distance, and the tool T indexed to the tool replacement position P is clamped on the spindle 22 .

After the tool T is installed on the main shaft 22 , the main shaft 22 is lowered to counteract the elastic force of the spring 58 , and the tool holder Ta is pulled out from the gripper 53 . After the main shaft 22 descends to the position of not interfering with the tool change stopper 46, close the tool change stopper 46, the main shaft 22 returns to the original position through the above-mentioned opposite action, and waits for the next processing.

In the above-described embodiment, because the Z-axis guide rail 17 that is arranged on the movable spindle box 18 and the guide slider 15 that is arranged on the fixed Y-axis slide plate 14 guide and support the spindle box 18 in the Z-axis direction, so , the support rigidity at the retreating edge position of the headstock 18 becomes larger, so that the support rigidity of the headstock 18 as a whole can be improved.

Claims (4)

1. A machine tool, characterized in that it has: an upright column which is arranged on the bed and can move left and right; a Y-axis slide block which is arranged on the column and can move up and down; A headstock for advancing and retreating; a spindle supported on the headstock and capable of rotating around the axis of the headstock; a tool magazine, arranged above the above-mentioned spindle, where a plurality of tools can be rotated and divided around an axis parallel to the direction of advance and retreat of the above-mentioned headstock When the above-mentioned spindle box is located at the backward end, the tools held by the above-mentioned tool magazine are selectively installed on the above-mentioned main shaft; The workpiece ahead is machined by the tool mounted on the aforementioned spindle. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, in front of the column, in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft, there is an XY axis that can be extended and retracted in conjunction with the up and down movement and left and right movement of the main shaft axis. Mobile protective cover; at the same time, a fixed protective cover covering the four sides of the above-mentioned column is set on the above-mentioned bed, through the above-mentioned XY mobile protective cover and fixed protective cover, the chips and cooling generated when the tool installed on the above-mentioned spindle is processed The processing area where the liquid is splashed is separated from the area that accommodates the above-mentioned column, Y-axis slide, and headstock. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supporting structure on the Y-axis slider of the headstock is composed of a guide rail arranged on the side of the headstock and a guide rail arranged on the side of the Y-axis slider. And it guides and supports the guide slider of the above-mentioned guide rail. 4. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a coolant tank extending in the advancing and retreating direction of the headstock is provided under the column and located in the center of the bed.

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