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CN109566876B - Fat powder for aquatic animals and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Fat powder for aquatic animals and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109566876B
CN109566876B CN201910058362.9A CN201910058362A CN109566876B CN 109566876 B CN109566876 B CN 109566876B CN 201910058362 A CN201910058362 A CN 201910058362A CN 109566876 B CN109566876 B CN 109566876B
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fat powder
aquatic animals
oil
triglyceride
powder
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CN109566876A (en
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王勇
丁为国
孙丽华
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Guangzhou Youbaite Technology Co ltd
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Guangzhou Youbaite Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to fat powder for aquatic animals, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof, 5-20% of medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, 10-35% of kelp powder, 5-25% of algin and 15-40% of a carrier; the fat powder for the aquatic animals, provided by the invention, contains functional fatty acid which is lack of common vegetable oil, so that in the feed with reduced or no fish oil, the special requirements of the aquatic animals in the feed on the fatty acid can be met, the fat metabolism of the aquatic animals can be promoted, and the unbalanced fatty acid is reduced and accumulated in the body, so that the fatty liver is reduced, the body health is improved, and the culture benefit is improved; meanwhile, the fat powder is prepared by adopting a vacuum post-spraying technology, and the emulsion is sprayed on the carrier through vacuum post-spraying equipment, so that the influence of oxidation rancidity caused by exposed grease on quality can be prevented, and the fat loss of the fat powder in feed granulation and feeding can also be prevented.

Description

Fat powder for aquatic animals and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to fat powder and a preparation method and application thereof, and especially relates to the fat powder for aquatic animals and the preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is a world big aquatic product country, and the aquaculture yield is 2.33 multiplied by 10 from 19787t rises to 6.69X 10 of 20157t, increased by about 30 times in 37 years (data from the annual book of Chinese fishery statistics). However, compared with livestock and poultry, the research on the nutrition of aquatic animals is relatively lagged behind, and some problems still exist in the development of the aquaculture industry to be solved. The aquatic animals have low utilization rate of carbohydrate and high requirement on fat. In particular, since the seawater fish has limited ability to synthesize long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (HUFA), the compound feed needs to be added with fish oil to meet the requirement of fish body on Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) for normal growth and development.
About 85% of fish oil is used for aquaculture globally at present, for example, CN101322529A discloses an environment-friendly crucian expanded compound feed, which contains 5-10 kg of fish meal per 100 kg of formula; CN104161217A discloses a catfish feed containing norwegian fish meal, krill meal, spirulina powder, fat powder, etc. However, the production of fish oil, especially marine fish oil, is limited, which cannot meet the demand of increasing aquaculture amount, and the price is high, which limits the rapid development of aquaculture industry.
In order to reduce the cost, feed enterprises also adopt vegetable oil (generally soybean oil) to replace fish oil for aquaculture, for example, vegetable oil including emulsified soybean oil, emulsified corn oil, emulsified palm oil, emulsified peanut oil, emulsified rapeseed oil or emulsified soybean phospholipid oil is added into the emulsified fat powder feed for livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture disclosed in CN 106212857A; although the cost can be reduced by adding the vegetable oil, on one hand, the vegetable oil is lack of EFA of aquatic animals, and on the other hand, the fatty acid composition of the vegetable oil is unbalanced, so that the fat metabolism of organisms can be influenced, and the fat accumulation in bodies can be increased, thereby causing the problems of high feed coefficient, serious fatty liver, low breeding benefit and the like of the cultured fish.
Therefore, how to find an oil-and-fat ingredient which can replace fish oil and ensure the rich and balanced nutrition of fatty acid is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the fat powder for the aquatic animals, the preparation method and the application thereof, the fat powder for the aquatic animals contains functional fatty acid which is lack by common vegetable oil, and can meet the special requirements of the aquatic animals in the feed on the fatty acid, promote the fat metabolism of the organisms of the aquatic animals and reduce the unbalanced fatty acid accumulation in the organisms in the feed when fish oil feed is reduced or not, thereby reducing the fatty liver, improving the health of the organisms and improving the breeding benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a fat powder for aquatic animals, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof, 5-20% of medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, 10-35% of kelp powder, 5-25% of algin and 15-40% of a carrier.
The fat powder for aquatic animals provided by the invention contains arachidonic acid oil and fat and decomposition products thereof, and medium chain triglyceride and decomposition products thereof, which are combined according to a certain proportion, and can play a synergistic effect on promoting the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of organisms, promoting fat metabolism and reducing unbalanced fatty acids in organism accumulation.
By adding the kelp powder and the algin into the fat powder for the aquatic animals, the stability of the fat powder in water can be improved, and special fatty acid such as arachidonic acid, DHA and the like can be provided, so that the quality and the nutritional value of the fat powder are improved.
Therefore, the fat powder for the aquatic animals can meet the special requirements of the aquatic animals on the fatty acid, can promote the fat metabolism of the aquatic animals, and can reduce the accumulation of unbalanced fatty acid in the organisms, so that the fatty liver is reduced, the health of the organisms is improved, meanwhile, the dependence of the aquatic animals on fish oil is effectively reduced, and the quality and the nutritional value of the fat powder can be further improved.
In the fat powder for aquatic animals, the mass percentage of the arachidonic acid oil and the decomposition products thereof is 5-10%, such as 5%, 5.2%, 5.8%, 6%, 6.5%, 7.2%, 7.8%, 9.1%, 9.6% or 10%.
In the fat powder for aquatic animals, the mass percentage of the medium-chain triglyceride and the decomposition product thereof is 5-20%, for example, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.3%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.6%, 9%, 10%, 10.5%, 11.1%, 12.5%, 13.6%, 14%, 17%, 18.5%, 19% or 20%.
In the fat powder for aquatic animals, the kelp powder accounts for 10-35% by mass, for example, 10%, 11.2%, 13%, 14.3%, 15%, 16.8%, 18.4%, 20.6%, 21%, 23.1%, 25%, 26.5%, 27%, 28.5%, 30.2%, 31%, 32.5%, 34% or 35%.
In the fat powder for aquatic animals, the percentage by mass of the algin is 5-25%, for example, 5%, 5.4%, 6.1%, 6.5%, 7.4%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 10%, 11.5%, 12%, 13.8%, 14.7%, 17%, 18.5%, 20%, 22.5% or 25%.
In the fat powder for aquatic animals, the mass percentage of the carrier is 15-40%, such as 15%, 18%, 19.1%, 21.4%, 23.6%, 24.7%, 26%, 27.5%, 28%, 29.4%, 31.2%, 33.5%, 34.7%, 36.5%, 38.1% or 40%.
In the present invention, the arachidonic acid oil and/or fat and/or decomposition product thereof is preferably a mixture containing one or at least two of arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and/or arachidonic acid.
The arachidonic acid oil and fat can be any one of arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid, and can also be a mixture of two or more, wherein typical but non-limiting mixtures are as follows: arachidonic acid triglyceride and arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid triglyceride and arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid.
Further preferably, the arachidonic acid oil and fat and decomposition products thereof comprise a mixture of arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid, and the contents are respectively as follows by mass percent: 30-60% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 10-20% of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and 10-30% of arachidonic acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
According to the invention, the arachidonic acid triglyceride, the arachidonic acid monoglyceride and the arachidonic acid are matched according to a specific proportion, so that the utilization rate can be effectively improved, respective effects are fully exerted, and the requirements of aquatic animals are met.
In the arachidonic acid oil and its decomposition product, the mass percentage of arachidonic acid triglyceride is 30-60%, such as 30%, 32%, 35%, 41%, 46%, 50%, 55% or 60%; the mass percent of the arachidonic acid mono-diglyceride is 10-20%, such as 10%, 15%, 18% or 20%; the arachidonic acid is present in an amount of 10 to 30% by mass, for example 10%, 12%, 17%, 19%, 20%, 22%, 25% or 30%.
In the present invention, the medium chain triglyceride and the decomposition product thereof comprise any one or a mixture of at least two of caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic mono-diglyceride, capric mono-diglyceride, or lauric mono-diglyceride.
The medium chain triglyceride and its decomposition product can be any one of caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic mono-diglyceride, capric mono-diglyceride or lauric mono-diglyceride, or a mixture of two or more, wherein the typical but non-limiting mixture is: caprylic triglyceride and capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride and caprylic monoglyceride and lauric monoglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride and lauric triglyceride, caprylic monoglyceride and lauric monoglyceride, capric monoglyceride and lauric monoglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic monoglyceride and lauric monoglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic monoglyceride and capric monoglyceride and lauric monoglyceride.
Preferably, the medium chain triglycerides and their breakdown products comprise the following components, in mass percent: 10-30% of caprylic triglyceride, 15-35% of capric triglyceride, 10-30% of lauric triglyceride, 5-15% of caprylic mono-diglyceride, 5-10% of capric mono-diglyceride and 5-15% of lauric mono-diglyceride, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
According to the invention, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic mono-diglyceride, capric mono-diglyceride and lauric mono-diglyceride are matched according to a specific proportion, can be absorbed in a graded manner, and give full play to respective effects, so that energy can be rapidly provided for aquatic animals, intestinal development can be promoted, and the effects of resisting bacteria and virus and improving disease resistance can be achieved.
In the medium chain triglyceride and the decomposition product thereof, the mass percentage of the caprylic triglyceride is 10-30%, such as 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25% or 30%; 15-35% by mass of caprylic triglyceride, for example 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 30%, 32% or 35%; the mass percentage of lauric triglyceride is 10-30%, for example 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25% or 30%; 5-15% of caprylic acid mono-diglyceride, such as 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 15%; 5-10% of the monoglycerides and diglycerides decanoate, for example 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% by mass; the mass percentage of the lauric acid mono-diglyceride is 5-15%, for example, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 15%.
Preferably, the medium chain triglycerides and their breakdown products may also comprise the following components, in mass percent: 70-90% of capric triglyceride and 10-30% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the capric triglyceride and the lauric monoglyceride is 100%.
According to the invention, the combination of the capric triglyceride and the lauric acid mono-diglyceride is adopted, so that on one hand, the fat metabolism of an organism can be enhanced, the distribution of fat in the organism is promoted, and the accumulation of fat in the liver is avoided; on the other hand, the health of the intestinal tract of the organism can be maintained, and the immunity and the disease resistance of the organism can be improved.
In the present invention, the fat powder for aquatic animals may further comprise any one or a mixture of at least two of linseed oil, phosphatide oil or sesame oil, preferably a combination of linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil.
Preferably, the aquatic animal fat powder comprises linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, and the total mass of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil accounts for 5-15% of the aquatic animal fat powder, such as 5%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 15%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phospholipid oil and the sesame oil is (2-5): 6-10): 3-7, such as 2:6:3, 3:7:4, 4:8:5, 5:10:7, 2:8:3, 5:6:5 or 4:7: 6.
The linseed oil adopted by the invention is rich in linolenic acid, and the linolenic acid belongs to n-3 fatty acid and can make up the deficiency of the n-3 fatty acid in common vegetable oil; the adopted phospholipid oil is rich in lecithin, and can meet the special requirements of young aquatic animals; the sesame oil contains sesamin, which can enhance the carbon chain elongation and desaturation capability of fatty acid, improve the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, and meet the demand of aquatic animals on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.
In the present invention, the fat powder for aquatic animals may further contain taurine.
Preferably, the taurine accounts for 1-10% of the weight of the fat powder for aquatic animals, such as 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 8% or 10%.
The taurine adopted by the invention can promote the metabolism of organisms, especially the lipid metabolism, reduce the fat accumulation of the organisms and improve the immunity of the organisms.
In the present invention, the fat powder for aquatic animals may further comprise a sterol compound.
Preferably, the mass of the sterol compound accounts for 0.5-5% of the weight of the fat powder for aquatic animals, such as 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%.
Preferably, the sterol compound comprises cholesterol and/or phytosterol, and more preferably, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is (1:1) - (1:25), such as 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, 1:15, 1:18, 1:20 or 1: 25.
In the present invention, the fat powder for aquatic animals may further comprise a surfactant.
Preferably, the surfactant accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the weight of the fat powder for aquatic animals, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1.0%.
In the invention, the carrier is any one or a mixture of at least two of puffed corn flour, corncob meal or wheat flour, and the puffed corn flour is preferred.
The puffed corn flour adopted by the invention contains the corn starch which is fully gelatinized, so that the digestion utilization rate of the aquatic animals to the starch can be improved, the adhesion degree of the feed is also improved, the quality of the feed is improved, the feed attracting property is realized, and the feed intake of the aquatic animals can be improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the fat powder for aquatic animals according to the first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof with medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, heating to 50-70 ℃, optionally adding linseed oil, phospholipid oil, sesame oil, taurine, a sterol compound and/or a surfactant, fully dissolving, and carrying out high-pressure homogenizing and emulsifying treatment;
(2) spraying the emulsion on a carrier by using vacuum post-spraying equipment to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, and the spraying speed is 1-10L/min;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and algin, and packaging to obtain the fat powder for aquatic animals.
According to the invention, a vacuum post-spraying technology is adopted, the emulsion is sprayed on the carrier through vacuum post-spraying equipment, the adsorption capacity of the carrier is effectively improved, and the emulsion can be better embedded in pores of the carrier, so that the influence of oxidation rancidity caused by exposed grease on quality can be prevented, and the loss of fat in feed granulation and feeding of fat powder can be prevented.
The vacuum post-spraying equipment used in the preparation method provided by the invention is equipment known in the field, and the equipment is not particularly limited by the invention.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an aquatic animal feed product comprising an aquatic animal fat powder according to the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fat powder for the aquatic animals contains special fatty acid and substances for promoting fat metabolism, can promote the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of organisms, reduce the dependence of the aquatic animals on fish oil, and promote the rapid development of the breeding industry;
(2) the fat powder for the aquatic animals contains fatty acid which is not possessed by common vegetable oil, and the addition of the fat powder can ensure that the fatty acid composition and proportion of the aquatic animal feed are more suitable for the requirements of the aquatic animals, and the growth and health of the aquatic animals are improved;
(3) the aquatic fat powder provided by the invention can reduce the incidence rate of the fatty liver of aquatic animals by more than one time, and the survival rate can be improved by more than 30%;
(4) according to the invention, a vacuum post-spraying technology is adopted, the emulsion is sprayed on the carrier through vacuum post-spraying equipment, the adsorption capacity of the carrier is effectively improved, and the emulsion can be better embedded in pores of the carrier, so that the influence of oxidation rancidity caused by exposed grease on quality can be prevented, and the loss of fat in feed granulation and feeding of fat powder can be prevented.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phospholipid oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 26.5% of puffed corn flour.
Wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil is 2:8: 3; in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is 1: 5.
The preparation method of the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid triglyceride, capric acid triglyceride and lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, heating to 60 deg.C, adding oleum Lini, phospholipid oil, oleum Sesami, cholesterol, phytosterol and taurine, adding surfactant, dissolving completely, and homogenizing under high pressure;
(2) spraying the emulsion on the puffed corn flour by a vacuum post-spraying device to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 5MPa, and the spraying speed is 5 liters/minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and succus Sargassum uniformly, and packaging.
Example 2
The fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
arachidonic acid triglyceride 10%, capric acid triglyceride 13.5%, lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride 1.5%, kelp powder 15%, algin 20%, linseed oil, phospholipid oil and sesame oil 15%, taurine 5%, sterol compound 2%, surfactant 1% and puffed corn flour 27%.
Wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil is 3:7: 4; in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is 1: 10.
The preparation method of the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid triglyceride, capric acid triglyceride and lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, heating to 66 deg.C, adding oleum Lini, phospholipid oil, oleum Sesami, cholesterol, phytosterol and taurine, adding surfactant, dissolving completely, and homogenizing under high pressure;
(2) spraying the emulsion on the puffed corn flour by a vacuum post-spraying device to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 5MPa, and the spraying speed is 5 liters/minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and succus Sargassum uniformly, and packaging.
Example 3
The fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 2% of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 2% of arachidonic acid, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 20% of algin, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 26.5% of puffed corn flour.
Wherein, in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of the cholesterol to the phytosterol is 1: 10.
The preparation method of the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, adding cholesterol, phytosterol and taurine, adding surfactant, dissolving, and homogenizing under high pressure;
(2) spraying the emulsion on the puffed corn flour by a vacuum post-spraying device to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 2MPa, and the spraying speed is 8 liters/minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and succus Sargassum uniformly, and packaging.
Example 4
The fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 2% of arachidonic acid single diglyceride, 2% of arachidonic acid, 12% of capric acid triglyceride, 28% of kelp powder, 22% of algin, 2% of sterol compound, 1% of surfactant and 25% of puffed corn flour.
Wherein, in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of the cholesterol to the phytosterol is 1: 20.
The preparation method of the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, arachidonic acid and capric acid triglyceride, heating to 70 deg.C, adding cholesterol and phytosterol, adding surfactant, dissolving, and homogenizing under high pressure;
(2) spraying the emulsion on the puffed corn flour by a vacuum post-spraying device to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 10MPa, and the spraying speed is 5 liters/minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and succus Sargassum uniformly, and packaging.
Example 5
The fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
arachidonic acid triglyceride 10%, caprylic acid triglyceride 1.5%, capric acid triglyceride 3.5%, lauric acid triglyceride 3%, caprylic acid mono-di-glyceride 1.5%, capric acid mono-di-glyceride 1%, lauric acid mono-di-glyceride 1.5%, kelp powder 28%, algin 22%, surfactant 1%, and corncob powder 28%.
The preparation method of the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid triglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic monoglyceride and diglyceride, adding surfactant, dissolving, and homogenizing under high pressure;
(2) spraying the emulsion on the corncob powder by vacuum post-spraying equipment to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 8MPa, and the spraying speed is 5 liters/minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and succus Sargassum uniformly, and packaging.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for adjusting the components and the mixture ratio of the fat powder for aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phospholipid oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 26.5% of puffed corn flour.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method has the advantages that the components and the proportion of the fat powder for aquatic animals are adjusted, the arachidonic acid triglyceride is replaced by the arachidonic acid triglyceride, the mixture of the arachidonic acid monoglyceride and the arachidonic acid, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
2% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 1% of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 1% of arachidonic acid, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phospholipid oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 26.5% of expanded corn flour.
Wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil is 2:8: 3; in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is 1: 5.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 8
Compared with the embodiment 1, the components and the proportion of the fat powder for aquatic animals are adjusted, and the triglyceride decanoate and the monoglyceride and diglyceride are replaced by the mixture of triglyceride octanoate, triglyceride decanoate, triglyceride laurate, monoglyceride and diglyceride octanoate, monoglyceride and diglyceride laurate, and the specific formula is as follows:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 2% of caprylic triglyceride, 2.5% of capric triglyceride, 1.5% of lauric triglyceride, 1.5% of caprylic acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 1% of capric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phospholipid oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 26.5% of puffed corn flour.
Wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil is 2:8: 3; in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is 1: 5.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 9
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for preparing the fat powder for the aquatic animals comprises the following steps of adjusting the components and the proportion of the fat powder, replacing arachidonic acid triglyceride with arachidonic acid triglyceride, a mixture of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid, and replacing capric acid triglyceride and lauric acid monoglyceride with caprylic acid triglyceride, capric acid triglyceride, lauric acid triglyceride, caprylic acid monoglyceride and lauric acid monoglyceride, and specifically comprises the following steps:
arachidonic acid triglyceride 2%, arachidonic acid monoglyceride 1%, arachidonic acid 1%, caprylic acid triglyceride 2%, capric acid triglyceride 2.5%, lauric acid triglyceride 1.5%, caprylic acid monoglyceride 1.5%, capric acid monoglyceride 1% and lauric acid monoglyceride 1.5%, kelp powder 30%, algin 15%, linseed oil + phosphatide oil + sesame oil 10%, taurine 2%, sterol compound 1%, surfactant 0.5%, and puffed corn flour 26.5%.
Wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil is 2:8: 3; in the sterol compound, the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is 1: 5.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, the lauric acid mono-diglyceride is not contained, and the specific composition is as follows:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 29.5% of puffed corn flour.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the composition does not contain arachidonic acid triglyceride and decanoic acid triglyceride, and comprises the following specific components:
3% of lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 38.5% of puffed corn flour.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the kelp powder-free kelp paste does not contain kelp powder, and comprises the following specific components:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride, 15% of algin, 10% of linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 56.5% of puffed corn flour.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the gel does not contain algin, and comprises the following specific components:
5% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 7% of capric acid triglyceride, 3% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride, 30% of kelp powder, 10% of linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, 2% of taurine, 1% of sterol compound, 0.5% of surfactant and 41.5% of puffed corn flour.
The procedure of the preparation process was the same as in example 1.
The following tests were carried out on the fat powders for aquatic animals prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 4.
The control group 1 is added with the same amount of fish oil, and comprises the following specific components: 24% of palmitic acid, 5% of palmitoleic acid, 8% of stearic acid, 24% of oleic acid, 18% of linoleic acid, 5% of linolenic acid, 7% of EPA, and 9% of DHA.
The control group 2 is added with the same amount of soybean oil group, and comprises the following specific components: 10% of palmitic acid, 1% of palmitoleic acid, 5% of stearic acid, 25% of oleic acid, 52% of linoleic acid and 7% of linolenic acid.
A single factor design test is adopted, and 450 tails of young golden pomfret fishes with strong physique, no body loss and approximate weight are selected. Randomly dividing the test pieces into fifteen groups, namely a control group 1, a control group 2, examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-4, wherein each group is 3 in number of repetitions, and each repetition is 10 in number; the addition amount of each group accounts for 4 percent of the compound feed, the test period is 8 weeks, and the test results are shown in the table.
TABLE 1
Group of Weight gain% Coefficient of feed Index of liver body Survival rate/%
Control group 1 450 1.68 1.36 92
Control group 2 423 1.72 1.45 86
Example 1 564 1.50 1.12 100
Example 2 558 1.52 1.18 100
Example 3 556 1.54 1.20 100
Example 4 550 1.56 1.21 100
Example 5 554 1.55 1.20 100
Example 6 548 1.58 1.24 99
Example 7 566 1.49 1.11 100
Example 8 567 1.48 1.10 100
Example 9 570 1.47 1.08 100
Comparative example 1 500 1.58 1.28 95
Comparative example 2 483 1.62 1.30 93
Comparative example 3 482 1.61 1.30 94
Comparative example 4 472 1.65 1.32 92
At least the following points can be seen from table 1:
(1) after the fat powder for the aquatic animals prepared in the embodiments 1 to 9 are fed for 8 weeks, the weight gain rate of the aquatic animals can reach more than 540%, the feed coefficient is maintained at about 1.50 to 1.58, the liver index can be controlled between 1.12 to 1.24, and the survival rate can reach more than 99%.
(2) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the weight gain rate of the aquatic animals can reach 564% after 8 weeks of feeding, the feed coefficient is maintained at 1.50, the liver index can be controlled at 1.12, and the survival rate can reach 100%, while the weight gain rate of the aquatic animals can only reach 500%, the feed coefficient is 1.58, the liver index is 1.28, and the survival rate can only reach 95% after 8 weeks of feeding, thus it can be shown that the addition of the lauric acid monoglyceride and diglyceride components enables the aquatic animal fat powder to improve the growth and health of the aquatic animals, improve the immunity and disease resistance of the organism, and reduce the incidence rate of the fat liver of the aquatic animals.
(3) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the fat powder for aquatic animals prepared in comparative example 2 only reaches 483% of the weight gain rate of the aquatic animals, has a feed factor of 1.62, a liver index of 1.30, a survival rate of 93% and is inferior to example 1 in all aspects after being fed for 8 weeks. Therefore, the addition of the components of arachidonic acid triglyceride and capric acid triglyceride can further improve the growth and health condition of the aquatic animals, improve the survival rate of the aquatic animals, effectively reduce the liver index of the aquatic animals and prevent the incidence of fatty liver of the aquatic animals.
(4) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 3, it can be seen that the weight gain of the aquatic animals prepared in comparative example 3 only reaches 482%, the feed factor is 1.61, the liver index is 1.30, the survival rate only reaches 94% and the performance in all aspects is inferior to that of example 1 after feeding for 8 weeks; when example 1 is compared with comparative example 4, it can be seen that comparative example 4 is also inferior to the examples in terms of weight gain, feed factor, liver body index and survival rate of aquatic animals. Therefore, the kelp powder and the algin are added, so that the stability of the fat powder in water can be improved, special fatty acid such as arachidonic acid, DHA and the like can be provided, the quality and the nutritional value of the fat powder are further improved, the growth and the health condition of aquatic animals are improved, and various performances of the aquatic animals are improved.
(5) By comprehensively comparing the example 1 with the comparative examples 1-4, the arachidonic acid oil and the decomposition product thereof, the medium-chain triglyceride and the decomposition product thereof, the kelp powder and the algin are combined in the example 1, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, the special requirements of aquatic animals on fatty acid in fish oil reduction or fish oil-free feed are improved, the health condition of organisms is improved, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic animals are improved, the condition that unbalanced fatty acid is accumulated in the bodies is reduced, the incidence of fatty liver is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved.
(6) As can be seen by comparing example 1 with examples 7 to 9, when the replacement of arachidonic acid triglyceride with arachidonic acid triglyceride, and the replacement of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and monoglyceride of arachidonic acid with a mixture of arachidonic acid triglyceride and arachidonic acid (i.e., example 7) or the replacement of the components of capric acid triglyceride and monoglyceride of lauric acid with a mixture of caprylic acid triglyceride, capric acid triglyceride, lauric acid triglyceride, caprylic acid monoglyceride and monoglyceride of lauric acid (i.e., example 8) is used, and the replacement of the components of arachidonic acid triglyceride with arachidonic acid triglyceride, and the replacement of the components of capric acid triglyceride and monoglyceride of lauric acid with caprylic acid triglyceride, capric acid triglyceride, lauric acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid is used, When the mixture of caprylic acid mono-diglyceride, capric acid mono-diglyceride and lauric acid mono-diglyceride is used (namely, example 9), compared with the fat powder for aquatic animals prepared in example 1, the fat powder can further improve the growth and health of the aquatic animals, improve the immunity and disease resistance of organisms, greatly improve the weight gain rate and survival rate of the aquatic animals, further reduce the incidence rate of fatty liver of the aquatic animals, lower the liver index and further contribute to the improvement of the health condition of the organisms.
In conclusion, the fat powder for the aquatic animals, provided by the invention, contains special fatty acid and substances for promoting fat metabolism, can promote the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of organisms, reduce the dependence of the aquatic animals on fish oil and promote the rapid development of the breeding industry; meanwhile, the fat powder for the aquatic animals contains fatty acid which is not possessed by common vegetable oil, the addition of the fat powder can enable the fatty acid composition and proportion of the aquatic animal feed to be more suitable for the requirements of the aquatic animals, the growth and health of the aquatic animals are improved, the incidence rate of the fatty liver of the aquatic animals can be greatly reduced, and the survival rate can be improved by more than 30%.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. The fat powder for the aquatic animals is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
5-10% of arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof, 5-20% of medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, 10-35% of kelp powder, 5-25% of algin and 15-40% of a carrier;
the arachidonic acid oil and its decomposition product comprise one or mixture of at least two of arachidonic acid triglyceride, arachidonic acid monoglyceride and arachidonic acid;
the medium chain triglyceride and its decomposition product comprise any one or mixture of at least two of caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, lauric triglyceride, caprylic monoglyceride and diglyceride, capric monoglyceride and diglyceride;
the fat powder for the aquatic animals is prepared by adopting the following method, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof with medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, heating to 50-70 ℃, optionally adding linseed oil, phospholipid oil, sesame oil, taurine, a sterol compound and/or a surfactant, fully dissolving, and carrying out high-pressure homogenizing and emulsifying treatment;
(2) spraying the emulsion on a carrier by using vacuum post-spraying equipment to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, and the spraying speed is 1-10 liters per minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and algin, and packaging to obtain the fat powder for aquatic animals.
2. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 1, wherein the arachidonic acid oil and its decomposition products comprise the following components by mass percent: 30-60% of arachidonic acid triglyceride, 10-20% of arachidonic acid monoglyceride and 10-30% of arachidonic acid.
3. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium chain triglycerides and their decomposition products comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of caprylic triglyceride, 15-35% of capric triglyceride, 10-30% of lauric triglyceride, 5-15% of caprylic mono-diglyceride, 5-10% of capric mono-diglyceride and 5-15% of lauric mono-diglyceride.
4. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium chain triglycerides and their decomposition products comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 70-90% of capric triglyceride and 10-30% of lauric acid mono-diglyceride.
5. The marine fat powder of claim 1, further comprising any one or a mixture of at least two of linseed oil, phosphatide oil or sesame oil.
6. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 5, wherein the fat powder for aquatic animals comprises linseed oil, phosphatide oil and sesame oil, and the total mass of the linseed oil, the phosphatide oil and the sesame oil accounts for 5-15% of the fat powder.
7. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the linseed oil, the phospholipid oil and the sesame oil is (2-5): (6-10): (3-7).
8. The marine fat powder according to claim 1, further comprising taurine.
9. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 8, wherein the taurine is contained in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass of the fat powder for aquatic animals.
10. The marine fat powder of claim 1, further comprising a sterol compound.
11. The marine fat powder according to claim 10, wherein the sterol compound is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by mass of the marine fat powder.
12. The marine fat powder of claim 10, wherein the sterol compound comprises cholesterol and/or phytosterols.
13. The fat powder for aquatic animals according to claim 12, wherein the mass ratio of cholesterol to phytosterol is (1:1) - (1: 25).
14. The marine fat powder of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant.
15. The marine fat powder according to claim 14, wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by mass based on the marine fat powder.
16. The marine fat meal of claim 1, wherein the carrier is any one or a mixture of at least two of puffed corn meal, corn cob meal or wheat flour.
17. The marine fat powder of claim 16, wherein the carrier is an expanded corn flour.
18. A method of producing a fat powder for aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing: mixing arachidonic acid oil and a decomposition product thereof with medium-chain triglyceride and a decomposition product thereof, heating to 50-70 ℃, optionally adding linseed oil, phospholipid oil, sesame oil, taurine, a sterol compound and/or a surfactant, fully dissolving, and carrying out high-pressure homogenizing and emulsifying treatment;
(2) spraying the emulsion on a carrier by using vacuum post-spraying equipment to prepare solid powder, wherein the spraying pressure is 1-10 MPa, and the spraying speed is 1-10 liters per minute;
(3) cooling, mixing with herba Zosterae Marinae powder and algin, and packaging to obtain the fat powder for aquatic animals.
19. An aquatic animal feed product comprising the aquatic animal fat powder according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
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