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CN109566299A - 一种高产菠菜栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种高产菠菜栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN109566299A
CN109566299A CN201811638995.9A CN201811638995A CN109566299A CN 109566299 A CN109566299 A CN 109566299A CN 201811638995 A CN201811638995 A CN 201811638995A CN 109566299 A CN109566299 A CN 109566299A
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spinach
soil
seed
cultural method
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顾永辉
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Yunnan Daxun Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Yunnan Daxun Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于果树栽培种植技术领域，公开一种一种高产菠菜栽培方法，包括如下步骤：(1)栽培地深耕施入有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，喷施土壤消毒液；(2)将菠菜种子温水浸泡后用盐水浸泡，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡，自然晾干，催芽；(3)将催芽后的种子播入土中，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；(4)播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，进行病虫害防治。本发明种植的菠菜产量高，质量好，Vc含量高，病虫害发病率低，颜色鲜艳，甜美多汁，提高坐果率，具有较好的经济效益。

Description

一种高产菠菜栽培方法
技术领域
本发明属于蔬菜栽培技术领域，特别涉及一种高产菠菜栽培方法。
背景技术
菠菜又名波斯菜、赤根菜、鹦鹉菜等，属藜科菠菜属，一年生草本植物。菠菜中含有丰富的胡萝卜素、蛋白质、维生素C、钙、铁、磷等矿物质，还含有大量的植物粗纤维，具有通肠导便，防治痔疮、美容养颜、延缓衰老、增强抗病能力、促进人体新陈代谢等功效。
菠菜柔嫩可口，营养丰富，含有丰富的维生素和矿质元素，是大众喜爱的一种营养价值很高的蔬菜，市场需求也越来越大。目前菠菜种植技术，存在种子出芽率低、种苗成活率低、种植土壤瘠薄、栽培管理不科学和病虫危害严重等多种原因，且大多采用传统的方式种植，盲目施肥，大量使用化肥、农药，导致菠菜品质下降，营养成分低，生产成本不断上升而产量却得不到提高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服上述缺陷，提供一种产量高、抗病虫害能力强、质量高的高产菠菜栽培方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：
一种高产菠菜栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选地整地：选择阳光充足、排水优良、土壤肥沃的微酸性土壤作为栽培地，深耕施入有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，种植前15-25天向栽培地喷施土壤消毒液；
(2)种子处理：将菠菜种子在20-30℃水中浸泡8-10h，然后用盐水浸泡10-15h，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡1-2h，自然晾干，20-25℃的条件下催芽3-5天，每隔7-8h喷洒营养液一次；其中所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液20-30份、金银花提取液20-30份、薄荷提取液15-25份、甘蔗汁10-20份、茉莉酸甲酯5-10份、吲哚丁酸3-8份；
(3)播种育苗：将催芽4-5天后的种子播入土中，播种量为6-8kg/亩，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；
(4)田间管理：播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，每隔10-20天中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥，每亩施肥量为100-150公斤；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，进行病虫害防治。
优选的，步骤(1)所述有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂的重量比为100-150:30-40:20-30:1。
优选的，步骤(1)所述土壤改良剂由如下重量份的原料组成：泥炭土40-60份，木屑30-40份，牡蛎粉30-40份，柠檬渣20-30份，环糊精10-15份，羧甲基纤维素5-10份，抑菌剂3-8份。
优选的，步骤(1)所述土壤消毒液由石灰水、生姜水、中药提取液、多菌灵按体积比为10-15:5-10:1-3:1组成。
优选的，步骤(2)所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液25份、金银花提取液20份、薄荷提取液20份、甘蔗汁15份、茉莉酸甲酯8份、吲哚丁酸5份。
优选的，步骤(2)所述营养液包括如下重量份的原料：糖蜜发酵液5-10份，海藻酸钠4-8份，氨基酸3-6份，钼酸钠2-4份，赤霉素1-2份。
优选的，步骤(4)所述有机肥包括如下重量份的原料：发酵菌渣50-80份、鸟粪40-60份、贝壳粉40-50份、尿素20-30份、过磷酸钙15-20份、磷酸二氢钾15-20份、中药渣10-15份、微量元素5-10份、保水剂4-8份。
优选的，步骤(4)所述专用肥包括如下重量份的原料：尿素20-30份、腐殖酸钾15-20份、硫酸钾10-15份、硫酸锰5-10份、硼酸4-8份、稀土盐3-5份。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明高产菠菜栽培方法，对栽培地进行消毒处理，栽培地深施有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂进行有机改良，提高土壤肥力，增强土壤透气性，提高土壤杀菌除虫能力，从根源上减少菠菜病虫害的发生。
(2)本发明对菠菜种子进行浸泡处理，提高菠菜种子的萌芽率，增强菠菜种子的免疫力，避免病虫害对菠菜幼苗的影响，提高菠菜幼苗的成活率，缩短菠菜幼苗的生长周期，使菠菜提前成熟上市，提高菠菜的经济价值；且发明浸种液采用天然中药成分，不含抗生素，然后通过控制水肥管理，降低栽培过程中病虫害的发生率，有效减少农药用量。
(3)本发明施用土壤改良剂，改善土壤的微量元素比例，改变土壤结构、蓬松土壤、保水保肥；菠菜出芽后喷施营养液，满足菠菜生长所需的营养元素，加快菠菜的生长速度，提高菠菜的产量和质量。
(4)采用本发明栽培方法种植的菠菜，种子发芽率达到99％以上，产量高，每亩增产33.5％-43％，颜色鲜艳，质量高，营养物质含量高，且种植的菠菜抗病虫害能力强，种植过程中无需喷施农药，减少农药污染，提高菠菜质量。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
一种高产菠菜栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选地整地：选择阳光充足、排水优良、土壤肥沃的微酸性土壤作为栽培地，深耕施入重量比为100:30:20:1有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，其中土壤改良剂由如下重量份的原料组成：泥炭土40份，木屑30份，牡蛎粉30份，柠檬渣20份，环糊精10份，羧甲基纤维素5份，抑菌剂3份；种植前15天向栽培地喷施土壤消毒液，其中土壤消毒液由石灰水、生姜水、中药提取液、多菌灵按体积比为10:5:1:1组成；
(2)种子处理：将菠菜种子在20℃水中浸泡10h，然后用盐水浸泡10h，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡2h，自然晾干，20℃的条件下催芽5天，每隔7h喷洒营养液一次；其中浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液20份、金银花提取液20份、薄荷提取液15份、甘蔗汁10份、茉莉酸甲酯5份、吲哚丁酸3份；其中营养液包括如下重量份的原料：糖蜜发酵液5份，海藻酸钠4份，氨基酸3份，钼酸钠2份，赤霉素1份；
(3)播种育苗：将催芽4-5天后的种子播入土中，播种量为6kg/亩，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；
(4)田间管理：播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，每隔10-20天中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥，其中有机肥包括如下重量份的原料：发酵菌渣50份、鸟粪40份、贝壳粉40份、尿素20份、过磷酸钙15份、磷酸二氢钾15份、中药渣10份、微量元素5份、保水剂4份；每亩施肥量为100公斤；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，其中专用肥包括如下重量份的原料：尿素20份、腐殖酸钾15份、硫酸钾10份、硫酸锰5份、硼酸4份、稀土盐3份；进行病虫害防治。
实施例2
(1)选地整地：选择阳光充足、排水优良、土壤肥沃的微酸性土壤作为栽培地，深耕施入重量比为120:30:25:1有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，其中土壤改良剂由如下重量份的原料组成：泥炭土50份，木屑40份，牡蛎粉35份，柠檬渣25份，环糊精12份，羧甲基纤维素8份，抑菌剂5份；种植前20天向栽培地喷施土壤消毒液，其中土壤消毒液由石灰水、生姜水、中药提取液、多菌灵按体积比为12:8:2:1组成；
(2)种子处理：将菠菜种子在25℃水中浸泡9h，然后用盐水浸泡12h，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡1.5h，自然晾干，23℃的条件下催芽4天，每隔7-8h喷洒营养液一次；其中所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液25份、金银花提取液20份、薄荷提取液20份、甘蔗汁15份、茉莉酸甲酯8份、吲哚丁酸5份；其中营养液包括如下重量份的原料：糖蜜发酵液8份，海藻酸钠5份，氨基酸4份，钼酸钠3份，赤霉素1份；
(3)播种育苗：将催芽4-5天后的种子播入土中，播种量为7kg/亩，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；
(4)田间管理：播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，每隔10-20天中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥，其中有机肥包括如下重量份的原料：发酵菌渣70份、鸟粪50份、贝壳粉45份、尿素25份、过磷酸钙18份、磷酸二氢钾15份、中药渣15份、微量元素8份、保水剂5份；每亩施肥量为120公斤；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，其中专用肥包括如下重量份的原料：尿素25份、腐殖酸钾18份、硫酸钾12份、硫酸锰8份、硼酸6份、稀土盐4份；进行病虫害防治。
实施例3
一种高产菠菜栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选地整地：选择阳光充足、排水优良、土壤肥沃的微酸性土壤作为栽培地，深耕施入重量比为150:40:30:1有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，其中土壤改良剂由如下重量份的原料组成：泥炭土60份，木屑40份，牡蛎粉40份，柠檬渣30份，环糊精15份，羧甲基纤维素10份，抑菌剂8份；种植前15-25天向栽培地喷施土壤消毒液，其中土壤消毒液由石灰水、生姜水、中药提取液、多菌灵按体积比为15:10:3:1组成；
(2)种子处理：将菠菜种子在30℃水中浸泡8h，然后用盐水浸泡15h，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡1h，自然晾干，25℃的条件下催芽3天，每隔7h喷洒营养液一次；其中所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液30份、金银花提取液30份、薄荷提取液25份、甘蔗汁20份、茉莉酸甲酯10份、吲哚丁酸8份；其中营养液包括如下重量份的原料：糖蜜发酵液10份，海藻酸钠8份，氨基酸6份，钼酸钠4份，赤霉素2份；
(3)播种育苗：将催芽4-5天后的种子播入土中，播种量为8kg/亩，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；
(4)田间管理：播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，每隔20天中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥，其中有机肥包括如下重量份的原料：发酵菌渣80份、鸟粪60份、贝壳粉50份、尿素30份、过磷酸钙20份、磷酸二氢钾20份、中药渣30份、微量元素10份、保水剂8份；每亩施肥量为150公斤；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，其中专用肥包括如下重量份的原料：尿素30份、腐殖酸钾20份、硫酸钾15份、硫酸锰10份、硼酸8份、稀土盐5份；进行病虫害防治。
将实施例1-3的种植方法进行试验，对照组为现有菠菜的种植方法，对比实施例与对照组种植的菠菜的产量、品质、营养成分、发病率，具体试验数据见表1。
表1
从表1数据可得，采用本发明种植方法种植的菠菜亩产量高，增产33.5％-43％，种子发芽率高，发病率低，种植的菠菜质量好，色泽鲜绿，Vc含量高。
以上为本发明较佳实施例，只适用于帮助理解本发明实施例的原理；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本实施例，在具体实施方式以及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

1.一种高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)选地整地：选择阳光充足、排水优良、土壤肥沃的微酸性土壤作为栽培地，深耕施入有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂，种植前15-25天向栽培地喷施土壤消毒液；
(2)种子处理：将菠菜种子在20-30℃水中浸泡8-10h，然后用盐水浸泡10-15h，用水清洗后在浸种液中浸泡1-2h，自然晾干，20-25℃的条件下催芽3-5天，每隔7-8h喷洒营养液一次；其中所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液20-30份、金银花提取液20-30份、薄荷提取液15-25份、甘蔗汁10-20份、茉莉酸甲酯5-10份、吲哚丁酸3-8份；
(3)播种育苗：将催芽4-5天后的种子播入土中，播种量为6-8kg/亩，表面覆盖一层松针叶，播种结束后覆盖塑料薄膜；
(4)田间管理：播种后进行松土除草，定时浇水，每隔10-20天中耕除草；菠菜出苗时施一次有机肥，每亩施肥量为100-150公斤；生长盛期结合浇水追施一次专用肥，进行病虫害防治。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述有机肥、生物炭、粉煤灰、土壤改良剂的重量比为100-150:30-40:20-30:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述土壤改良剂由如下重量份的原料组成：泥炭土40-60份，木屑30-40份，牡蛎粉30-40份，柠檬渣20-30份，环糊精10-15份，羧甲基纤维素5-10份，抑菌剂3-8份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述土壤消毒液由石灰水、生姜水、中药提取液、多菌灵按体积比为10-15:5-10:1-3:1组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述浸种液包括如下重量份的原料：鱼腥草提取液25份、金银花提取液20份、薄荷提取液20份、甘蔗汁15份、茉莉酸甲酯8份、吲哚丁酸5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述营养液包括如下重量份的原料：糖蜜发酵液5-10份，海藻酸钠4-8份，氨基酸3-6份，钼酸钠2-4份，赤霉素1-2份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)所述有机肥包括如下重量份的原料：发酵菌渣50-80份、鸟粪40-60份、贝壳粉40-50份、尿素20-30份、过磷酸钙15-20份、磷酸二氢钾15-20份、中药渣10-15份、微量元素5-10份、保水剂4-8份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高产菠菜栽培方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)所述专用肥包括如下重量份的原料：尿素20-30份、腐殖酸钾15-20份、硫酸钾10-15份、硫酸锰5-10份、硼酸4-8份、稀土盐3-5份。
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Application publication date: 20190405