CN109448536A - A kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution experiments device - Google Patents
A kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution experiments device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109448536A CN109448536A CN201811213317.8A CN201811213317A CN109448536A CN 109448536 A CN109448536 A CN 109448536A CN 201811213317 A CN201811213317 A CN 201811213317A CN 109448536 A CN109448536 A CN 109448536A
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
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- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种通风型寒区隧道纵向温度分布实验装置，包括恒温库房、风速控制装置、隧道模型、恒温槽、风速传感器、温度传感器、数据采集系统，恒温库房用以提供冷源，风速控制装置用以提供风能，隧道模型由隧道模型单元拼接而成，恒温槽由恒温槽单元组成且恒温槽单元之间相互独立设置，恒温槽单元包裹在隧道模型单元外表面，风速传感器、温度传感器设置在隧道模型内且均与数据采集系统电联。利用本发明提供的单向或双向通风条件下寒区隧道纵向温度分布规律测试的实验装置，可以模拟不同隧道长度、不同隧道入口温度、不同隧道入口风速、不同围岩初始温度等条件下长隧道纵向温度的分布规律，可以为寒区长隧道保温层铺设长度提供准确参数。The invention discloses a longitudinal temperature distribution experimental device for a ventilation type cold zone tunnel, which comprises a constant temperature warehouse, a wind speed control device, a tunnel model, a constant temperature tank, a wind speed sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition system. The constant temperature warehouse is used for providing a cold source and a wind speed. The control device is used to provide wind energy, the tunnel model is formed by the tunnel model unit, the constant temperature bath is composed of the thermostatic bath unit and the thermostatic bath units are arranged independently of each other, the thermostatic bath unit is wrapped on the outer surface of the tunnel model unit, the wind speed sensor and the temperature sensor It is set in the tunnel model and is electrically connected to the data acquisition system. The experimental device for testing the longitudinal temperature distribution law of the cold zone tunnel under the one-way or two-way ventilation condition provided by the invention can simulate long tunnels under different tunnel lengths, different tunnel inlet temperatures, different tunnel inlet wind speeds, different initial rock initial temperatures and the like. The distribution law of longitudinal temperature can provide accurate parameters for the length of the long tunnel insulation layer in the cold area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel in cold area experimental provision, specifically a kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution experiments dress
It sets.
Background technique
In the high latitude areas such as northwest China, northeast and China's High Altitude in West China area, the tunnel built is increasingly
It is more, and length of tunnel is also increasingly longer.By taking west Sichuan plateau vcehicular tunnel as an example, build up at present and the tunnel built be more than 152 public affairs
In/88, in foreseeable future, west Sichuan plateau tunnel will be up to 304 kilometers/162；And amp- Linzhi refined for Sichuan-Tibet railway
Section, tunnel accounting are even more than 90%, and length is more than that the tunnel of 30km has 7 or more according to a preliminary estimate, there is part tunnel height above sea level
Degree is in 4200m or more.Currently, the short tunnel in cold area in, usually uses identical anti-freeze thawing measure, and insulating layer in full tunnel
Laying depth is identical, although as long tunnel is increasing, it is also considered that it is laid with the mode of insulating layer at long tunnel both ends, this
Laying length is substantially according to the methods of external experience formula or engineering analogy, is not met with China's actual conditions, area's tunnel of trembling with fear
The technical specification and data that the anti-freeze thawing design parameter in road not can refer to.Using to live tunnel carry out field test method,
It is obtaining the result is that most true, also can most tally with the actual situation, accurate parameter can be provided for insulating layer laying length, but there are two
A problem, first is that test result can only represent a certain seat tool body tunnel longitudinal temperature regularity of distribution, tunnel longitudinal temperature distribution rule
The influence factor of rule is numerous, such as: the most cold monthly mean temperature in hole, natural wind speed, wind direction, length of tunnel etc., and popularization and application have one
It settles finally sex-limited, in addition carries out on-the-spot test in Han Qu and need to expend a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources, project amount is big, economical real
It is general with property；Second is that the data test result after only tunnel completion is open to traffic could represent actual tunnel longitudinal temperature distribution rule
Rule, on-the-spot test have serious full rear property, are difficult to meet the actual demand of design.Theory analysis then excessively idealizes, it is assumed that
Condition is too many, it is also difficult to meet requirement of engineering, even can satisfy needs, also need to be verified.Therefore, on the whole, mesh
It is preceding still to lack a kind of effective means for studying the tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature regularity of distribution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of distributions of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature
Experimental provision can simulate different length of tunnel, different tunnel portal temperature, different tunnel portal wind speed, no by the device
With the regularity of distribution of long tunnel longitudinal temperature under the conditions of country rock initial temperature etc., thus for cold head of district's tunneling insulating layer laying length
Design provides foundation.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution
Experimental provision, including constant temperature storehouse, air speed control device, tunnel model, thermostat, air velocity transducer, temperature sensor, data
Acquisition system, the constant temperature storehouse are arranged in constant temperature storehouse and to provide to provide cold source, the air speed control device
Wind energy, the tunnel model are formed by tunnel model unit spliced and are connected to constant temperature storehouse, and the thermostat is by thermostat list
It is arranged independently of each other between member composition and thermostat unit, thermostat unit is wrapped in tunnel model unit outer surface, the wind
Fast sensor, temperature sensor be arranged in tunnel model and with data collection system Electricity Federation.
Preferably, the constant temperature storehouse includes storehouse and to control temperature in storehouse, and the storehouse side is equipped with
With the consistent circular hole of tunnel model internal diameter；The air speed control device includes axial flow blower, the central axis of the axial flow blower with
Tunnel model center overlapping of axles, axial flow blower outer dimension are greater than circular hole size.
Preferably, the constant temperature storehouse is equipped with and one and be connected to tunnel model one end, or equipped with 2 and respectively with tunnel
The connection of model both ends.
Preferably, the tunnel model uses pvc pipe, is connected between the tunnel model unit by pin and box sub, and
Junction is sealed by sealant.
Preferably, the thermostat unit is in cylindrical type, and the inner sidewall of thermostat unit selects the aluminium of 0.2-0.5mm thickness
Material, thermostat unit include catch basin, and the catch basin is equipped with inlet and outlet pipes, and the inlet and outlet pipes are erected by horizontal tube and two
Straight tube composition, the both ends of the horizontal tube are connect with two vertical pipes respectively.
Preferably, thermostat unit one end is equipped with several connecting rods, and the other end is equipped with company corresponding with connecting rod
Hole is connect, the length of the connecting rod is not less than the half of thermostat element length.
Preferably, the pin and box sub between the tunnel model unit is arranged in thermostat unit.
Preferably, the air velocity transducer, temperature sensor are equipped with several, and are uniformly arranged, the temperature sensor
It is provided in the upper and lower sides of tunnel model, one of them described air velocity transducer is arranged in one end of tunnel model and to examine
Survey the wind speed size of air speed control device.
Preferably, one end of each tunnel model unit is mounted on air velocity transducer, temperature sensor.
Preferably, the cross dimensions of the tunnel model is 1:50, and each tunnel model element length is 3m
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: utilizing tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature under one-way or bi-directional ventilation condition provided by the invention point
The experimental provision of cloth rule test, can simulate different length of tunnel, different tunnel portal temperature, different tunnel portal wind speed,
The regularity of distribution of long tunnel longitudinal temperature under the conditions of different surrounding rock initial temperature etc. can be laid with length for cold head of district's tunneling insulating layer
Degree provides accurate parameter, on the one hand can effectively prevent tunnel-liner freeze injury appearance, guarantee driving safety；On the other hand it can effectively drop
Low construction cost improves business efficiency, provides foundation for the construction and design in head of district tunnel of trembling with fear.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is unidirectional experimental device for ventilation；
Fig. 2 is longitudinal cross-section diagram in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is bidirectional ventilated experimental provision；
Fig. 4 is longitudinal cross-section diagram in Fig. 3；
Experimental provision longitudinal direction cross-sectional view in Fig. 5 present invention；
Fig. 6 is thermostat model；
Fig. 7 is thermostat model unit structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is tunnel model.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figures 1 to 6, a kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution experiments device, including constant temperature storehouse 1, blast velocity control
Device；Constant temperature storehouse 1 is equipped with one, is made of refrigeration system, storehouse, can accurately be controlled in storehouse by refrigeration system
Temperature is provided with a circular hole 11(in the side of storehouse to test the hole for more meeting reality and can also being split into tunnel-shaped), circle
11 size of hole is consistent with tunnel model internal diameter.Air speed control device is installed at 11 10-20cm of circular hole in storehouse
There are axial flow blower 12,12 central axis of axial flow blower and tunnel center overlapping of axles, 12 outer dimension of axial flow blower is than circle on storehouse wall
Than big, guarantee can simulate gravity-flow ventilation by axial flow blower 12 to the uniform Parallel airflow beam of input in tunnel model in hole 11.
Axial flow blower 12 has different shelf grades, and the wind of varying strength can be formed by adjusting, will be cold in storehouse using axial flow blower 12
Air is fed forward with certain speed, and then forms the wind of different wind speed, and cold wind blows to tunnel by circular hole 11 on storehouse wall,
Air velocity transducer 3 and temperature sensor 4 are installed at tunnel entrance, can be tested by air velocity transducer 3 into wind in tunnel
Speed value, can learn the temperature value into cold air in tunnel by temperature sensor 4.Tunnel face wind speed can pass through axis stream wind
Machine 12 is adjusted, and tunnel face temperature can be adjusted by adjusting refrigeration system, and refrigeration system temperature range is 0 ~ -35 DEG C, can be covered
The most cold monthly mean temperature value of any high latitude in lid China and high altitude localities.
Tunnel model is simulated using round heavy wall pvc pipe, and 1:50 considers cross dimensions in proportion, by multistage tunnel model
Unit 2 is assemblied to form tunnel model, and each model unit is the long 3m of every section, and model both ends are provided with male and female interface, Ke Yitong
Assembling combination is crossed into the tunnel model of random length, connector is sealed using sealant, is arranged with temperature above and below in tunnel inner wall
Sensor 4 is spent, the fore-and-aft distance of temperature sensor 4 is considered by 3m, and air velocity transducer 3, Suo Youwen is arranged at same position
The lead of degree sensor 4 and air velocity transducer 3 is connected to data acquisition device.Tunnel model is placed on bracket, and model height is with tunnel
Road axis is open with storehouse, and centre-height is consistent to be advisable.
Thermostat is spliced by thermostat unit 5, using thermostated cooling bath temperature control, each constant temperature slot length 3m, and tunnel mould
Type is installed in thermostat, and the thermostat unit 5 is in cylindrical type, and the inner sidewall of thermostat unit 5 selects the aluminium of 0.3mm thickness
Material, thermostat unit 5 include catch basin, and the catch basin is equipped with inlet and outlet pipes, and the inlet and outlet pipes are by horizontal tube and two
Vertical pipe composition, the both ends of the horizontal tube are connect with two vertical pipes respectively.Enable thermostat close to tunnel model, guarantees permanent
Warm channel mould is quasi-
More specifically, described 5 one end of thermostat unit is equipped with several connecting rods, and the other end is equipped with corresponding with connecting rod
Connecting hole, the length of the connecting rod are not less than the half of 5 length of thermostat unit.Connecting component between thermostat unit 5
It using the good material of thermal conductivity, realizes and transmits heat between the thermostat unit 5 being in contact, be bonded the data measured more
It is practical.
Country rock temperature on the outside of tunnel can be simulated by thermostat, by controlling the temperature of thermostat, can be simulated true
Tunnel surrounding initial temperature.Each thermostat can independent temperature control, and then tunnel longitudinal direction different surrounding rock can be simulated initially
Tender feeling condition reaches the different edpth of tunnel conditions of simulation.
Data collection system, in model air velocity transducer 3 and temperature sensor 4 connect, mainly acquire experimentation
The air speed data of middle tunnel temperature data along longitudinal direction and different depth, can automatic data collection, it is whole-process automatic in experimentation
Acquisition, frequency acquisition can determine according to actual needs.
Whole experiment process is:
1, constant temperature storehouse 1 is equipped with to be installed in place air speed control device in storehouse in cold abutment wall side aperture as required, and
It is debugged, it is ensured that can achieve the subzero temperature of requirement of experiment.
2, processing and fabricating pin-connected panel tunnel model as required, tunnel model length is based on the every section of 3m, convenient transportation and peace
Dress.
3, thermostated cooling bath slot is installed, it is spare.
4, the assembled tunnel model in thermostat, installs temperature, wind speed measuring point as required in an assembling process.
5, thermostatic bath system and data acquisition test system are opened, reaches requirement of experiment and steady to tunnel model peripheral temperature
After fixed, prepare constant temperature storehouse 1.
6, constant temperature storehouse 1 is opened, after temperature in storehouse is down to requirement of experiment value, air speed control device is opened, takes out library
The partition in room abutment wall hole, cold wind enter model tunnel, are tested, and wind speed size is adjusted step by step by ascending sequence.
7, testing after temperature is basicly stable in tunnel model, under the conditions of this terminates, and then adjusts wind-force size, carries out
Next stage wind velocity test stops this time testing after the completion of desired all rank wind speed are tested.
8, it by requirement of experiment adjustment thermostat and 1 temperature of constant temperature storehouse, is tested next time.
9, it by assembling different tunnel growth devices, is accordingly tested.
Embodiment 2
As shown in fig. 3 to 7, a kind of aeration type tunnel in cold area longitudinal temperature distribution experiments device includes constant temperature storehouse 1, is by refrigeration
System, storehouse composition, between setting 2 altogether, one main one is auxiliary, and main constant temperature storehouse 1 is using fixed, and auxiliary constant temperature storehouse 1 is using movement
Formula, it can move freely.The temperature in storehouse can be accurately controlled by refrigeration system, be provided with a circle in the side of storehouse
(in order to test the hole for more meeting reality and can also being split into tunnel-shaped), 11 size of circular hole is consistent with tunnel model internal diameter.
Pulley is installed in the quadrangle of auxiliary 1 lower part of constant temperature storehouse, can move freely, it is more easily cold so as to be provided for experiment
Source.
Air speed control device is equipped with axial flow blower 12, axial flow blower 12 in storehouse at circular hole 1110-20cm
Central axis and tunnel center overlapping of axles, for 12 outer dimension of axial flow blower than circular hole 11 on storehouse wall than big, guarantee can give tunnel
The uniform Parallel airflow beam of input in road model simulates gravity-flow ventilation by axial flow blower 12.Axial flow blower 12 has different shelf grades,
Cold air in storehouse, is fed forward by the wind that varying strength can be formed by adjusting using axial flow blower 12 with certain speed,
And then the wind of different wind speed is formed, cold wind blows to tunnel by circular hole 11 on storehouse wall, and wind speed biography is equipped at tunnel entrance
Sensor 3 and temperature sensor 4 can be tested into air speed value in tunnel by anemobiagraph, can be learnt by temperature sensor 4
The temperature value of cold air in into tunnel.Tunnel face wind speed can be adjusted by axial flow blower 12, and tunnel face temperature can pass through
It adjusts refrigeration system to adjust, refrigeration system temperature range is 0 ~ -35 DEG C, can cover any high latitude in China and high altitude localities
Most cold monthly mean temperature value.
Tunnel model is simulated using round heavy wall pvc pipe, and 1:50 considers cross dimensions in proportion, by multistage tunnel model
Unit 2 is assemblied to form tunnel model, and each model unit is the long 3m of every section, and model both ends are provided with male and female interface, Ke Yitong
Assembling combination is crossed into the tunnel model of random length, connector is sealed using sealant, is arranged with temperature above and below in tunnel inner wall
Sensor 4 is spent, the fore-and-aft distance of temperature sensor 4 is considered by 3m, and air velocity transducer 3, Suo Youwen is arranged at same position
The lead of degree sensor 4 and anemobiagraph is connected to data acquisition device.Tunnel model is placed on bracket, and model height is with tunnel axis
Being open with storehouse, centre-height is consistent to be advisable.
Thermostat, using thermostated cooling bath temperature control, each constant temperature slot length 3m.The thermostat unit 5 is in cylindrical type, and permanent
The inner sidewall of warm slot unit 5 selects the aluminium material of 0.3mm thickness, and thermostat unit 5 includes catch basin, the catch basin equipped with into
Outlet pipe, the inlet and outlet pipes are made of horizontal tube and two vertical pipes, and the both ends of the horizontal tube are connect with two vertical pipes respectively.
Inlet and outlet pipes are made of horizontal tube and two vertical pipes, can increase thermostat inside water pressure, enable thermostat close to tunnel mould
Type guarantees thermostat simulation.
More specifically, described 5 one end of thermostat unit is equipped with several connecting rods 51, and the other end is equipped with and connecting rod
51 corresponding connecting holes 52, the length of the connecting rod 51 are not less than the half of 5 length of thermostat unit.Thermostat unit 5 it
Between connecting component use the good material of thermal conductivity, realize and transmit heat between the thermostat unit 5 being in contact, make to measure and
Data be more bonded reality.
Country rock temperature on the outside of tunnel can be simulated by thermostat, by controlling the temperature of thermostat, can be simulated true
Tunnel surrounding initial temperature.Each thermostat can independent temperature control, and then tunnel longitudinal direction different surrounding rock can be simulated initially
Tender feeling condition reaches the different edpth of tunnel conditions of simulation.
Data collection system, in model air velocity transducer 3 and temperature sensor 4 connect, mainly acquire experimentation
The air speed data of middle tunnel temperature data along longitudinal direction and different depth, can automatic data collection, it is whole-process automatic in experimentation
Acquisition, frequency acquisition can determine according to actual needs.
Whole experiment process is:
1, constant temperature storehouse 1 is equipped with to be installed in place air speed control device in storehouse in cold abutment wall side aperture as required, and
It is debugged, it is ensured that can achieve the subzero temperature of requirement of experiment.
2, processing and fabricating pin-connected panel tunnel model as required, tunnel model length is based on the every section of 3m, convenient transportation and peace
Dress.
3, constant temperature cold trap is installed, it is spare.
4, the assembled tunnel model in thermostat, installs temperature, air velocity transducer as required in an assembling process.
5, thermostatic bath system and data acquisition test system are opened, reaches requirement of experiment and steady to tunnel model peripheral temperature
After fixed, prepare constant temperature storehouse 1.
6, it according to tunnel both ends temperature simulation value, opens constant temperature storehouse 1 and sets relevant temperature value, dropped to temperature in storehouse
To requirement of experiment value, air speed control device is separately turned on according to requirement of experiment, takes out the partition in storehouse abutment wall hole, cold wind enters
Model tunnel, is tested, and wind speed size is adjusted step by step by ascending sequence.
7, testing after temperature is basicly stable in tunnel model, under the conditions of this terminates, and then adjusts wind-force size, carries out
Next stage wind velocity test stops this time testing after the completion of desired all rank wind speed are tested.
8, it by requirement of experiment adjustment thermostat and 1 temperature of constant temperature storehouse, is tested next time.
9, it by assembling different tunnel growth devices, is accordingly tested.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, modifications can be made through the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge.And those skilled in the art institute into
Capable modifications and changes do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be in the protection scope of appended claims of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112627889A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | High-cold long and large railway tunnel anti-freezing structure and method utilizing surrounding rock underground water heat energy |
| CN112627889B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | High-cold long and large railway tunnel anti-freezing structure and method utilizing surrounding rock underground water heat energy |
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| CN109448536B (en) | 2025-03-18 |
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