CN109432001A - 紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺及其制品 - Google Patents
紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺及其制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药制剂技术领域,具体为紫杉醇胶制剂的生产工艺及其制品。其采用mPEG‑PLA‑苯丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物为胶束载体。紫杉醇胶束的平均粒径为21~35nm。通过直接溶解法、透析法或者薄膜水化法制备得到。本发明的有益效果在于:采用毒性更低的聚乙二醇甲醚‑聚丙交酯‑苯丙氨酸为胶束载体,且胶束制剂中无需添加其他辅料,安全性更高;体外稳定性较高,紫杉醇胶束在室温下保持稳定的时间超过12小时,低温下稳性超过168小时;血液稳定性较高,粒径较小,更易发挥ERP效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药制剂技术领域,具体涉及紫杉醇胶制剂的生产工艺及其制品。
背景技术
紫杉醇分子式为:C47H51NO14,分子量853.9,熔点213~216℃,具有高度亲脂性,不溶于水,是最先从红豆杉属植物中分离得到的一种高效、低毒、广谱的天然抗癌药物。它是红豆杉属植物中的一种复杂的天然次生代谢物,分子结构如下。
紫杉醇是一种微管特异性的具有较高抗癌活性的药物,销量常年名列抗肿瘤新药的榜首,并以20%的速度递增。
1977年,Horwit Z发现紫杉醇抗癌机理在于能够与微管蛋白结合,促进微管蛋白聚合装配成微管二聚体,从而抑制细胞中微管的正常生理解聚,使细胞有丝分裂停止在G2期及M期,阻止了癌细胞的快速繁殖。进一步研究发现紫杉醇能够激活巨噬细胞,导致肿瘤坏死因子受体的减少及其释放,杀伤或抑制肿瘤细胞;紫杉醇可以诱导细胞凋亡,引起细胞程序性死亡;紫杉醇还能抑制肿瘤细胞的迁移。临床研究表明,紫杉醇具有广谱而高效的抗癌活性,对于治疗卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫癌、胃癌等等疗效突出,近来的研究发现它对类风湿性关节炎、老年痴呆症等亦有一定疗效。
由于紫杉醇难溶于水,在目前的临床应用中通常把紫杉醇溶于聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(cremophor EL)与无水乙醇混合溶媒中以增加其水溶性。但乙醇具有一定的细胞毒性,而聚氧乙烯蓖麻油在体内降解时释放组胺,导致不同程度的过敏反应,亦可引起神经细胞内颗粒释放及脱髓鞘改变而加重紫杉醇的外周神经毒性。
为降低紫杉醇制剂的毒性提高其疗效,近年来临床上陆续开发了紫杉醇的新剂型。其中不含聚氧乙烯蓖麻油注射紫杉醇白蛋白纳米混悬液(ABI-007)已在国内外上市。具有不用抗过敏预处理、疗效较好、毒性较低等特点;现正在国内进行临床研究我国研发的紫杉醇脂质体已开始在临床应用而紫杉醇的前体药物(DHA-PTX)和聚合物剂型genexol-PM及xyotax也正在临床前和临床Ⅰ-Ⅲ期研究中,显示了良好的前景。
但近期的研究发现,无论是由高分子量聚合物形成的粒径较大的聚合物胶束,还是由低分子量聚合物形成的粒径较小的聚合物胶束,具有血液稳定性较差的缺点,胶束在进入血液后几乎马上解体并释放携带的药物,最终两种胶束携带的药物在体内的分布几乎没有区别,没有展示出ERP效应。Savic R等人的研究发现,紫杉醇胶束进入血液后通常在5分钟内就有超过90%的药物释放并往组织扩散(见Langmuir 2006,22:3570-8.《Assessmentof the integrity of poly (caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles underbiological conditions: a fl uorogenic-based approach.》)。
这一结果与设想由胶束粒子携带药物,到达肿瘤部位再通过EPR效应释放药物的理想状态相去甚远,即非成熟释放(Premature release)。导至非成熟释放的原因一方面由于胶束经过血液稀释后的浓度低于其临界胶束浓度(CMC浓度)导致胶束解体,另一方面血液中大量存在的蛋白质会和胶束发生作用导致其团聚并释放药物。因此,在设计静脉注射肿瘤靶向纳米载体时必须首先考虑其血液稳定性,只有在提高血液稳定性的前提下才有望利用EPR效应提高药物的靶向性。
现有的紫杉醇胶束的另一个不足之处在于工艺条件较复杂,给大规模工业化增加了难度。例如,兰州大学刘伟生等人发明的紫杉醇-聚合物载药胶束制备工艺(专利申请号201110255867.8)需要采用恒温振荡的工艺条件;北京大学吕万良等人发明的一种紫杉醇纳米胶束及其应用(申请号:201110044677.1)在制备过程中需要使用缓冲液保持反应环境的PH值稳定。还有的紫杉醇胶束中含有一定量的乙醇,依然具有一定的细胞毒性。例如山东大学的李凌冰等人发明了一种紫杉醇混合胶束制剂及其制备方法(专利申请号201110139712.8),但是在其混合胶束中依然含有乙醇。
发明内容
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细的说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均从商业途径得到。
实施例(1-7)
紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺,可以采用直接溶解法、透析法或者薄膜水化法得到。优选的,采用薄膜水化法得到,包括下列步骤。
1,按照紫杉醇与mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸不同的投料比(见表1)称取原料。其中,原料紫杉醇(CAS 33069-62-4)由西安瑞林生物科技有限公司生产,纯度大于95%,mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸,由发明人按照专利号PCT-CN-2013000453所述的工艺自行制备;
2,将上述原料投入容器中,加入乙醇或乙腈等有机溶剂至完全溶解。30-50℃旋转蒸发2h至有机溶剂蒸干为止,10-60℃下真空干燥>12h去除残留的有机溶剂,得到含紫杉醇的聚合物混合膜;
3,混合膜于40-60℃水浴至透明状,加入相同温度预热的超纯水或生理盐水、磷酸盐缓冲液,充分振摇水化,得透明的载药胶束溶液;
4,将所述载药胶束溶液用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤。
实施例1-7分别选择不同的投料比,以及分别选用不同嵌段分子量的mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸,按照上述步骤制得紫杉醇胶束制剂。用高效液相色谱法测定载药量。用动态光散射测定粒径,测得粒径分布在10-100nm之间,平均粒径在20.8-35.2nm之间(见表1)。
表1:不同实施例的载药量以及粒径
载体=mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸
胶束溶液稳定性的测定方法是,将载药胶束溶液用无菌水稀释,得到紫杉醇浓度约为3mg/ml的溶液,在无菌环境下转移到安瓿瓶内并密封。分别于4℃、15℃、25℃,正常室内光照条件下,每隔2h肉眼观察安瓿瓶内的溶液是否有沉淀或浑浊产生。如果有沉淀或者浑浊产生,则说明溶液结束了稳定状态。结果见表2。
紫杉醇注射液极不稳定,滴注过程中所用装置需带有过滤功能,防止药物析出,而紫杉醇胶束稳定性较高,滴注不需过滤装置。
表2:稳定性测试结果
对比本发明和mpeg-pla紫杉醇胶束的血液稳定性。将本发明稀释至紫杉醇含量为3mg/ml后加入50wt%的血浆;对照组采用同等紫杉醇浓度的mpeg-pla紫杉醇胶束,同样加入50wt%的血浆。每隔1小时用动态光散射测定粒径分布系数(PDI)是否>0.3,结果如表3。该时间越短说明其在血浆中的稳定性越差,说明本发明的血液稳定时间显著高于mpeg-pla紫杉醇胶束。
表3:血液稳定性试验结果
Claims (6)
1.紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺,其特征在于,采用mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物为胶束载体,所述mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物分子式如下
其中,a=11-455,b=3-300。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸中,聚乙二醇甲醚嵌段的分子量为1000~3000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸中,聚丙交酯嵌段的分子量为500~5000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
按照紫杉醇与mPEG-PLA-苯丙氨酸的投料比称取原料;将称取的原料投入容器中,加入乙醇或乙腈等有机溶剂至完全溶解;30-50℃旋转蒸发2h至有机溶剂蒸干为止,10-60℃下真空干燥12h以上,去除残留的有机溶剂,得到含紫杉醇的聚合物混合膜;混合膜于40-60℃水浴至透明状,加入相同温度预热的超纯水或生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲液,充分振摇水化,得透明的载药胶束溶液;将所述载药胶束溶液用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺所生产的紫杉醇胶束制剂,其特征在于:所述紫杉醇胶束制剂中残留的乙醇或乙腈含量少于10ppm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇胶束制剂的生产工艺所生产的紫杉醇胶束制剂,其特征在于:紫杉醇胶束的平均粒径为20.8~35.2nm。
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