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CN109406903A - A kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method - Google Patents

A kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109406903A
CN109406903A CN201811456647.XA CN201811456647A CN109406903A CN 109406903 A CN109406903 A CN 109406903A CN 201811456647 A CN201811456647 A CN 201811456647A CN 109406903 A CN109406903 A CN 109406903A
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cable
characteristic impedance
joint
pulse
connector
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何光华
王昱力
卞栋
沈海平
夏荣
何建益
李文杰
张志坚
李烨
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Wuxi Power Supply Branch Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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Wuxi Power Supply Branch Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电缆接头进水缺陷检测与诊断方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在电缆中注入具有陡上升沿的脉冲信号；(2)观测首、尾端注入脉冲及其响应信号波形；(3)比较电缆中四个部分的特征阻抗：接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1、接头特征阻抗Z2、接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3、电缆末端特征阻抗Z4。本发明采用低压高频时域脉冲注入，尾端增加脉冲触发的高频脉冲源对传输至尾端的信号进行同步放大，通过比较首端注入脉冲波形、首端反射脉冲及末端注入与反射脉冲波形的特征相似性或相异性判断交联电缆接头进水状态，可弥补现有电缆线路离线诊断性试验无法直接检测、诊断电缆接头是否存在进水以及进水程度的缺点，同时克服因线路过长导致信号衰减问题，实现对电缆接头进水状态的检测与诊断。

The invention relates to a method for detecting and diagnosing water ingress defects in a cable joint, comprising the following steps: (1) injecting a pulse signal with a steep rising edge into the cable; (2) observing the injection pulse at the head and the tail end and its response signal waveform; (3) Compare the characteristic impedance of four parts in the cable: the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the connector, the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the connector, the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the connector, and the characteristic impedance Z 4 of the cable end. The invention adopts low-voltage high-frequency time-domain pulse injection, and adds a pulse-triggered high-frequency pulse source at the tail end to synchronously amplify the signal transmitted to the tail end. The feature similarity or dissimilarity can judge the water ingress state of the cross-linked cable joint, which can make up for the shortcomings of the existing cable line offline diagnostic test that cannot directly detect and diagnose whether the cable joint has water ingress and the degree of water ingress. It leads to the problem of signal attenuation, and realizes the detection and diagnosis of the water inlet state of the cable joint.

Description

A kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-voltage technologies and Insulation test field, and in particular to a kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection with Diagnostic method.
Background technique
Currently, there are no the Method means of effective detection tabs water inlet defect state in cable field test, it can only be to electricity Cable road applies after voltage measuring medium loss factor or loss current harmonic component to diagnose in whole cable with the presence or absence of water Tree deterioration.But this state characteristic quantity of dielectric dissipation factor is not only intake with cable or connector, and generation water-treeing is related, and It is influenced by other factors such as insulating thermal aging, chemical agings, and can only reflect that the whole water-treeing of cable is horizontal.Loss electricity Harmonic component is flowed as state characteristic quantity, at the scene when testing inspection, needs high-voltage test electric power, current comparator bridge etc. more Kind device means cooperation, detection process is implemented complex, cumbersome.
In prior art CN104458821 A, a kind of time domain impulse inspection of crosslinked cable connector water inlet state is disclosed Survey method, technical solution basic principle is correct, but not in view of high-frequency impulse is significantly decayed with the increase of transmission range, therefore End reflection wave can not easily be detected in head end, additionally due to the background interference of test environment is difficult to ensure, and connector water inlet band The back wave come is smaller, and there may be very much like signal in ambient noise, above-mentioned two o'clock all causes this method and answering There are biggish limitations in.
Therefore it needs to provide a kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method, realizes to long-distance cable line electricity The detection and diagnosis of cable joint water inlet state.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that cable connector water inlet state is judged using time domain impulse, using low pressure The injection of high frequency time domain impulse, the mode of the synchronous amplification in end, by comparing initial and end end injected pulse waveform and reflected pulse waveform Characteristic similarity or diversity judge crosslinked cable connector intake state, it is diagnostic offline can not only to make up existing cable route Test can not directly detect, diagnosing cable connector with the presence or absence of intake and water inlet degree the shortcomings that, realize to cable connector into The detection and diagnosis of water state, simultaneously because the introducing of the synchronous amplification of cable tail end, theoretically at least improves in former scheme The measuring distance that one times of (CN104458821 A), simultaneously because the pulse signal of impulses injection bring transmitting twice has well Symmetry, testing staff can be helped more easily to identify connector bring reflection configuration in interference signal.
A kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method, comprising the following steps:
(1) pulse signal of the injection with steep rising edge, cable tail end are equipped with synchronization pulse amplifier in the cable；
(2) injected pulse and its response signal waveform are observed；
(3) compare the characteristic impedance of four parts in cable: connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, joint characteristics impedance Z2、 Connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3, cable end piece characteristic impedance Z4。
Wherein before injected pulse signal, cable run has a power failure and every phase cable metallic screens layer is respectively shorted.
Wherein injected pulse signal is when using between conductor thread core and metal screen layer in cable head in the cable Domain clock injected pulse signal.
Wherein pulse signal is that a polarity is known and pulse signal I with steep rising edgemp。
Wherein rising time≤10nS of pulse signal.
It wherein observes injected pulse and its response signal waveform is using high speed oscilloscope device OSC.
Wherein in pulse signal communication process, since connector is among cable run, and joint characteristics impedance Z2With connect Head proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It mismatches, injected pulse ImpFrom connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Propagate to joint characteristics resistance Anti- Z2It will reflect, generate reflected impulse I2refIt returns.
Wherein in pulse signal communication process, due to joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3No Matching, injected pulse ImpFrom joint characteristics impedance Z2Continue to propagate to connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It will reflect, produce Raw reflected impulse I3refIt returns.
Wherein in pulse signal communication process, injected pulse ImpFrom connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3Continue to propagate to Cable end piece, the synchronization pulse amplifier of cable end piece setting is by injected pulse ImpThe signal for being transmitted to end carries out impedance After matching and signal amplification, distal end injected pulse I4, end injected pulse I4Polarity of wave and injected pulse ImpIt is identical, but amplitude Increase or remains unchanged.
End injected pulse I4It is proximally transmitted by end, due to joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector distal end cable spy Levy impedance Z3It mismatches, end injected pulse I4From cable characteristic impedance Z3Continue to propagate to joint characteristics impedance Z2It will occur anti- It penetrates, generates reflected impulse I5refEnd is returned to, head end is returned after total reflection, and (tail end synchronization pulse amplifier is open circuit at this time State).
End injected pulse I4Since connector is among cable run, and joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector proximal end cable spy Levy impedance Z1It mismatches, end injected pulse I4From connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Propagate to joint characteristics impedance Z2It will hair Raw reflection, generates reflected impulse I6refEnd is returned to, head end is returned after total reflection, and (tail end synchronization pulse amplifier is at this time Open-circuit condition).
The wherein condition that diagnosing cable connector is not intake are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, Injected pulse ImpFrom connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It is transmitted to joint characteristics impedance Z2Generate positive reflection, reflected impulse I2ref Polarity of wave and ImpIt is identical, but amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition that diagnosing cable connector is not intake are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, End injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Generate negative reflection, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave and end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition that diagnosing cable connector is not intake are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3, Injected pulse ImpFrom joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3Generate negative reflection, reflected impulse I3ref Polarity of wave and ImpIt is identical, but amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition that diagnosing cable connector is not intake are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, End injected pulse I4From connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It is transmitted to joint characteristics impedance Z2Generate positive reflection, reflection coefficient Greater than 1, reflected impulse I5refPolarity of wave and end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition of diagnosing cable connector water inlet are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2< connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, note Enter pulse ImpFrom connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It is transmitted to joint characteristics impedance Z2Generate negative reflection, reflected impulse I2refWave Shape polarity and ImpOn the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition of diagnosing cable connector water inlet are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2< connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, end Hold injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It generates negative and positive to penetrate, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave and end injected pulse I4Identical, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition of diagnosing cable connector water inlet are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2< connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3, note Enter pulse ImpFrom joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3Generate positive reflection, reflected impulse I3refWave Shape polarity and ImpIdentical, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition of diagnosing cable connector water inlet are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2< connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z3, end Hold injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z3It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It generates negative and positive to penetrate, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave and end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
The wherein condition that diagnosing cable connector is seriously intake are as follows: joint characteristics impedance Z2The cable characteristic impedance of < < connector proximal end Z1, then injected pulse ImpFrom connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It is transmitted to joint characteristics impedance Z2Generate negative total reflection, reflection Coefficient is 1, reflected impulse I2refPolarity of wave and ImpOn the contrary, amplitude is close, and ImpBecause total reflection occurs not propagate further along.
Method proposed by the invention can utilize crosslinking solid isolation cable in the case where not applying external test high pressure The otherness of characteristic impedance and cable connector characteristic impedance judges cable to the Different Effects rule of time domain pulse signal transmission Connector with the presence or absence of water inlet, make up the offline diagnostic test of existing cable route can not directly detect, diagnosing cable connector whether The shortcomings that in the presence of water inlet and water inlet degree, the detection and diagnosis to cable connector water inlet state are realized, simultaneously because tail end is same The introducing for walking amplification theoretically at least improves in former scheme the measuring distance of one times of (CN104458821 A), simultaneously because two Subpulse, which injects bring transmitting pulse signal, has good symmetry, and testing staff can be helped more easily to believe in interference Number identifying connector bring reflection configuration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the time domain impulse propagation model schematic diagram of crosslinked cable and cable connector in cable run in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the time domain impulse wave character schematic diagram that cable connector is not intake in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the time domain impulse detection waveform feature schematic diagram of cable connector water inlet in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the time domain impulse detection waveform feature schematic diagram that cable connector is intake completely in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to Fig.1, Fig. 1 is detection mould used in the time domain impulse detection method of crosslinked cable connector of the present invention water inlet state Type figure.As shown in Figure 1, crosslinked cable connector 3 is at the docking of two crosslinked cables in figure, 3 proximal end of cable connector is that connector is close End cable 4,3 distal end of cable connector are connector distal end cable 5.Crosslinked cable is by conductor thread core and is enclosed in outside the conductor thread core The metal screen layer on surface forms.
A kind of cable connector water inlet defects detection and diagnostic method, the specific steps are as follows:
In the case of cable run has a power failure and every phase cable metallic screens layer is respectively shorted, cable head from conductor thread core and Time domain impulse source 1 is used between metal screen layer, injects known to a polarity and have the pulse signal I of steep rising edgemp(pulse Rising time≤10nS)；
Injected pulse I is observed using high speed oscilloscope device OSC 2mpAnd its response signal waveform；
Since connector is among cable run, and its joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Not Match, injected pulse ImpFrom Z1Propagate to Z2It will reflect, generate reflected impulse I2refIt returns；
Joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It mismatches, injected pulse ImpFrom Z2Continue to propagate to Z3It will reflect, generate reflected impulse I3refIt returns；
Injected pulse ImpFrom connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3Continue to propagate to cable end piece, cable end piece is arranged same Step pulse signal amplifier is by injected pulse ImpAfter being transmitted to the signal progress impedance matching and signal amplification of end, distal end is injected Pulse I4, end injected pulse I4Polarity of wave and injected pulse ImpIt is identical, but amplitude increases or remains unchanged；
End injected pulse I4It is proximally transmitted by end, due to joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector distal end cable spy Levy impedance Z3It mismatches, end injected pulse I4From cable characteristic impedance Z3Continue to propagate to joint characteristics impedance Z2It will occur anti- It penetrates, generates reflected impulse I5refEnd is returned to, head end is returned after total reflection, and (tail end synchronization pulse amplifier is open circuit at this time State)；
End injected pulse I4Since connector is among cable run, and joint characteristics impedance Z2With connector proximal end cable spy Levy impedance Z1It mismatches, end injected pulse I4From connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Propagate to joint characteristics impedance Z2It will hair Raw reflection, generates reflected impulse I6refEnd is returned to, head end is returned after total reflection, and (tail end synchronization pulse amplifier is at this time Open-circuit condition).
Referring to Fig. 2, the time domain impulse wave character schematic diagram that cable connector is not intake.
If cable connector is not intake, joint characteristics impedance is greater than the cable characteristic impedance of connector proximal end, i.e. Z2>Z1, injection Pulse ImpFrom Z1It is transmitted to Z2Positive reflection is generated, reflected impulse I2refPolarity of wave and ImpIt is identical, but amplitude becomes smaller；
If cable connector is not intake, joint characteristics impedance is greater than the cable characteristic impedance of connector distal end, i.e. Z2>Z3, injection Pulse ImpFrom Z2It is transmitted to Z3Negative reflection is generated, reflected impulse I3refPolarity of wave and ImpIt is identical, but amplitude becomes smaller；
If cable connector is not intake, joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, end injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1Negative reflection is generated, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave With end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
If cable connector is not intake, joint characteristics impedance Z2> connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, end injected pulse I4 From connector distal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It is transmitted to joint characteristics impedance Z2Positive reflection is generated, reflection coefficient is greater than 1, reflected impulse I5refPolarity of wave and end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
Referring to Fig. 3, the time domain impulse detection waveform feature schematic diagram of cable connector water inlet.
If cable connector has water inlet, joint characteristics impedance is less than the cable characteristic impedance of connector proximal end, i.e. Z2<Z1, note Enter pulse ImpFrom Z1It is transmitted to Z2Negative reflection is generated, reflected impulse I2refPolarity of wave and ImpOn the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller；
If cable connector has water inlet, joint characteristics impedance is less than the cable characteristic impedance of connector distal end, i.e. Z2<Z3, note Enter pulse ImpFrom Z2It is transmitted to Z3Positive reflection is generated, reflected impulse I3refPolarity of wave and ImpIdentical, amplitude becomes smaller；
If there is water inlet, joint characteristics impedance Z in cable connector2< connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, end injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z2It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1It generates negative and positive to penetrate, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave With end injected pulse I4Identical, amplitude becomes smaller.
If there is water inlet, joint characteristics impedance Z in cable connector2< connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z3, end injected pulse I4From joint characteristics impedance Z3It is transmitted to connector proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z3It generates negative and positive to penetrate, reflected impulse I6refPolarity of wave With end injected pulse I4On the contrary, amplitude becomes smaller.
Referring to Fig. 4, the time domain impulse detection waveform feature schematic diagram that cable connector is intake completely.
If connector has serious water inlet, conductor thread core and metal screen layer is caused to be shorted, impedance Z2Much smaller than connector Proximal end cable characteristic impedance Z1, i.e. Z2<<Z1, then injected pulse ImpFrom Z1It is transmitted to Z2Negative total reflection is generated, reflection coefficient is 1, reflected impulse I2refPolarity of wave and ImpOn the contrary, amplitude is close, and ImpBecause total reflection occurs not propagate further along.
Applicant combines Figure of description to be described in detail and describe the embodiment of the present invention, but this field skill Art personnel are it should be understood that above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the invention, and explanation is intended merely to help reader in detail More fully understand spirit of that invention, and it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, on the contrary, any based on invention essence of the invention Any improvement or modification made by mind should all be fallen within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (20)

1.一种电缆接头进水缺陷检测与诊断方法，包括以下步骤：1. A method for detecting and diagnosing water ingress defects in a cable joint, comprising the following steps: (1)在电缆中注入具有陡上升沿的脉冲信号，电缆尾端设有同步脉冲信号放大器；(1) A pulse signal with a steep rising edge is injected into the cable, and a synchronous pulse signal amplifier is provided at the end of the cable; (2)观测首、尾端注入脉冲及其响应信号波形；(2) Observing the injection pulses at the head and tail ends and their response signal waveforms; (3)比较电缆中四个部分的特征阻抗：接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1、接头特征阻抗Z2、接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3、电缆末端特征阻抗Z4。(3) Compare the characteristic impedance of four parts in the cable: the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the connector, the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the connector, the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the connector, and the characteristic impedance Z 4 of the cable end. 2.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，2. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中在注入脉冲信号之前，电缆线路停电且每相电缆金属屏蔽层各自短接。Before the pulse signal is injected, the cable line is powered off and the metal shielding layer of each phase cable is short-circuited. 3.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，3. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中在电缆中注入脉冲信号是在电缆首端从导体线芯与金属屏蔽层之间采用时域脉冲源注入脉冲信号。The pulse signal injection into the cable is to inject the pulse signal from the time domain pulse source between the conductor core and the metal shielding layer at the head end of the cable. 4.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，4. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中脉冲信号是一个极性已知且具有陡上升沿的脉冲信号Imp。The pulse signal is a pulse signal Imp with a known polarity and a steep rising edge. 5.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，5. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中脉冲信号的上升沿时间≤10nS。The rising edge time of the pulse signal is less than or equal to 10nS. 6.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，6. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中观测注入脉冲及其响应信号波形是采用高速示波装置OSC。The injection pulse and its response signal waveform are observed by using a high-speed oscilloscope device OSC. 7.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，7. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中在脉冲信号传播过程中，由于接头在电缆线路中间，且接头特征阻抗Z2与接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1不匹配，注入脉冲Imp从接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1传播至接头特征阻抗Z2将发生反射，产生反射脉冲I2ref返回。In the process of pulse signal propagation, since the joint is in the middle of the cable line, and the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint does not match the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the joint, the injected pulse Imp propagates from the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the joint to the characteristic impedance of the joint Impedance Z 2 will reflect, producing a reflected pulse I 2ref to return. 8.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，8. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中在脉冲信号传播过程中，由于接头特征阻抗Z2与接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3不匹配，注入脉冲Imp从接头特征阻抗Z2继续传播至接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3将发生反射，产生反射脉冲I3ref返回。In the process of pulse signal propagation, due to the mismatch between the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint and the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint, the injected pulse I mp will continue to propagate from the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint, and the reflection will occur , the reflected pulse I 3ref returns. 9.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，9. detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中在脉冲信号传播过程中，注入脉冲Imp从接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3继续传播至电缆末端，末端设置的同步脉冲信号放大器将注入脉冲Imp传输至末端的信号进行阻抗匹配及信号放大后，在末端注入脉冲I4，末端注入脉冲I4波形极性与注入脉冲Imp相同，但幅值增大或保持不变。In the process of pulse signal propagation, the injection pulse Imp continues to propagate from the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the connector to the end of the cable, and the synchronous pulse signal amplifier set at the end performs impedance matching and signal amplification on the signal transmitted by the injection pulse Imp to the end. Then, a pulse I 4 is injected at the end, and the waveform polarity of the end injection pulse I 4 is the same as that of the injection pulse Imp , but the amplitude increases or remains unchanged. 10.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，10. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中末端注入脉冲I4由末端向近端进行传输，由于接头特征阻抗Z2与接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3不匹配，末端注入脉冲I4从电缆特征阻抗Z3继续传播至接头特征阻抗Z2将发生反射，产生反射脉冲I5ref返回末端，全反射后返回首端，此时电缆尾端的同步脉冲信号放大器为开路状态。 The terminal injection pulse I4 is transmitted from the terminal to the proximal end. Since the characteristic impedance Z2 of the joint does not match the characteristic impedance Z3 of the cable at the far end of the joint, the terminal injection pulse I4 continues to propagate from the characteristic impedance Z3 of the cable to the characteristic impedance Z of the joint 2. Reflection will occur, and the reflected pulse I 5ref will return to the end, and return to the head end after total reflection. At this time, the synchronous pulse signal amplifier at the end of the cable is in an open-circuit state. 11.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，11. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中由于接头在电缆线路中间，且接头特征阻抗Z2与接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1不匹配，末端注入脉冲I4从接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1传播至接头特征阻抗Z2将发生反射，产生反射脉冲I6ref返回末端，全反射后返回首端，此时电缆尾端的同步脉冲信号放大器为开路状态。Since the connector is in the middle of the cable line, and the connector characteristic impedance Z 2 does not match the cable characteristic impedance Z 1 at the proximal end of the connector, the end injection pulse I 4 propagates from the connector near end cable characteristic impedance Z 1 to the connector characteristic impedance Z 2 and will be reflected , the reflected pulse I 6ref is generated and returns to the end, and returns to the head end after total reflection. At this time, the synchronous pulse signal amplifier at the end of the cable is in an open-circuit state. 12.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，12. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头未进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2>接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，注入脉冲Imp从接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1传输至接头特征阻抗Z2产生正反射，反射脉冲I2ref波形极性与Imp相同，但幅值变小。The condition for diagnosing that the cable joint has not entered water is: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 > the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the injection pulse I mp is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the proximal cable of the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint to produce a normal reflection, The reflected pulse I 2ref waveform polarity is the same as Imp , but the amplitude becomes smaller. 13.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，13. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头未进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2>接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，末端注入脉冲I4从接头特征阻抗Z2传输至接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1产生负反射，反射脉冲I6ref波形极性与末端注入脉冲I4相反，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing that the cable joint has not entered water are: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 > the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the end injection pulse I 4 is transmitted from the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 to the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint to produce a negative reflection , the polarity of the reflected pulse I 6ref waveform is opposite to that of the injection pulse I 4 at the end, and the amplitude becomes smaller. 14.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，14. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头未进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2>接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3，注入脉冲Imp从接头特征阻抗Z2传输至接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3产生负反射，反射脉冲I3ref波形极性与Imp相同，但幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing that no water has entered the cable joint are: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 > the characteristic impedance of the cable at the far end of the joint Z 3 , the injection pulse I mp is transmitted from the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 to the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint to produce a negative reflection, The polarity of the reflected pulse I 3ref waveform is the same as that of Imp , but the amplitude becomes smaller. 15.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，15. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头未进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2>接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，末端注入脉冲I4从接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3传输至接头特征阻抗Z2产生正反射，反射系数大于1，反射脉冲I5ref波形极性与末端注入脉冲I4相反，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing that no water has entered the cable joint are: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 > the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the end injection pulse I 4 is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint to produce a normal reflection , the reflection coefficient is greater than 1, the polarity of the reflected pulse I 5ref waveform is opposite to that of the end injection pulse I 4 , and the amplitude becomes smaller. 16.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，16. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2<接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，注入脉冲Imp从接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1传输至接头特征阻抗Z2产生负反射，反射脉冲I2ref波形极性与Imp相反，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing the water ingress of the cable joint are: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 < the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the injected pulse I mp is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint to generate negative reflection, and the reflection The polarity of the pulse I 2ref waveform is opposite to that of Imp , and the amplitude becomes smaller. 17.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，17. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2<接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，末端注入脉冲I4从接头特征阻抗Z2传输至接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1产生负正射，反射脉冲I6ref波形极性与末端注入脉冲I4相同，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing the water ingress of the cable joint are: the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 < the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the end injection pulse I 4 is transmitted from the characteristic impedance of the joint Z 2 to the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint to generate a negative positive emission , the polarity of the reflected pulse I 6ref waveform is the same as that of the end injection pulse I 4 , and the amplitude becomes smaller. 18.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，18. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2<接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3，注入脉冲Imp从接头特征阻抗Z2传输至接头远端电缆特征阻抗Z3产生正反射，反射脉冲I3ref波形极性与Imp相同，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing water ingress of the cable joint are: characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint < characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint, and the injection pulse I mp is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the far end of the joint to produce a regular reflection, and the reflection The polarity of the pulse I 3ref waveform is the same as that of Imp , and the amplitude becomes smaller. 19.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，19. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2<接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z3，末端注入脉冲I4从接头特征阻抗Z3传输至接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z3产生负正射，反射脉冲I6ref波形极性与末端注入脉冲I4相反，幅值变小。The conditions for diagnosing the water ingress of the cable joint are: the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint < the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, and the end injection pulse I 4 is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 3 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint to generate a negative positive emission , the polarity of the reflected pulse I 6ref waveform is opposite to that of the injection pulse I 4 at the end, and the amplitude becomes smaller. 20.根据权利要求1所述的检测与诊断方法，20. The detection and diagnosis method according to claim 1, 其中诊断电缆接头严重进水的条件为：接头特征阻抗Z2<<接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1，则注入脉冲Imp从接头近端电缆特征阻抗Z1传输至接头特征阻抗Z2产生负的全反射，反射系数为1，反射脉冲I2ref波形极性与Imp相反，幅值接近，且Imp因为发生全反射不再向前传播。The conditions for diagnosing serious water ingress of the cable joint are: joint characteristic impedance Z 2 << characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable at the proximal end of the joint, then the injected pulse I mp is transmitted from the characteristic impedance Z 1 of the cable near the joint to the characteristic impedance Z 2 of the joint, resulting in a negative The total reflection of , the reflection coefficient is 1, the polarity of the reflected pulse I 2ref waveform is opposite to that of Imp , and the amplitude is close, and Imp no longer propagates forward due to the occurrence of total reflection.
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