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CN109301232A - A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method - Google Patents

A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109301232A
CN109301232A CN201811167059.4A CN201811167059A CN109301232A CN 109301232 A CN109301232 A CN 109301232A CN 201811167059 A CN201811167059 A CN 201811167059A CN 109301232 A CN109301232 A CN 109301232A
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China
Prior art keywords
sio
silicon based
based anode
lithium
disproportionation
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CN201811167059.4A
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Inventor
王圆方
代建国
平国政
乔乔
李延立
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Chengdu Emin New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Chengdu Emin New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation methods, belong to technical field of lithium-ion battery.Technical solution is: the disproportionation of SiO being handled, is the allotment for being disproportionated promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor by SiO, to control SiO disproportionation degree.The following steps are included: Step 1: the allotment of SiO disproportionation promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor, obtains additive A;Step 2: SiO and additive A are uniformly mixed, mixed material B is obtained;Step 3: mixed material B is carried out high-temperature process, roasting material C is obtained;Step 4: roasting material C is classified, obtains silicon based anode material after screening process.The present invention is disproportionated promotor by SiO and SiO is disproportionated the allotment of inhibitor, then uniformly mixes it with SiO, calcination process obtains.Silicon based anode material produced by the present invention compared with the existing technology, has disproportionation degree controllability higher, Applicable temperature range is wider, is easy to mass production.

Description

A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation methods, belong to lithium ion battery manufacturing technology Field.
Background technique
The development plan of power battery is specified according to " made in China 2025 ": the year two thousand twenty, battery energy density reach 300Wh/kg;2025, battery energy density reached 400Wh/kg;The year two thousand thirty, battery energy density reach 500Wh/kg.Battery The promotion of energy density is also along with the requirement promoted to anode material capacity, and current commercialized negative electrode material is still with graphite Based on material, but due to the restriction of graphite architectural characteristic itself, it is low to be faced with theoretical capacity, and platform is low, high current charge-discharge It is also easy to produce the problems such as lithium branch is brilliant.However silicon based anode material then possesses apparent advantage on capacity, Si has theoretical capacity 4200mAh/g or so is graphite theoretical capacity more than 10 times, but it still faces many problems as negative electrode material, as Si exists Bring bulk effect during lithium ion alloying and removal alloying, Si itself low Li ionic diffusion coefficient and electronic conductance Rate and electrolyte are difficult the problems such as the surface Si forms fine and close SEI film.
SiO negative materials capacity is in 1600mAh/g or so, but due in lithium telescopiny, unformed SiO2[M1] with Lithium reaction generates lithium metasilicate buffer layer, can effectively inhibit Li-Si alloy bring bulk effect, so that it is preferable to have SiO Cycle performance.But due to unformed SiO2It is reacted with lithium and consumes more lithium source, SiO head effect is lower.
In order to improve SiO head effect problem, SiO is subjected to high temperature disproportionation, promotes Si and SiO2Crystallization degree, highly crystalline SiO2It is not easy to react with Li;But SiO2It is insulator, is wrapped in the performance that the surface Si is also unfavorable for Si capacity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation methods, by deploying SiO discrimination Change promotor and inhibitor, the disproportionation degree of control SiO itself solves silicon substrate to reach the balance of its capacity and efficiency The problem of anode material capacity and first effect balance, solve the above problem existing for background technique.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of preparation method of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, its special feature is that: the disproportionation of SiO is handled, is Promotor is disproportionated by SiO and SiO is disproportionated the allotment of inhibitor, to control SiO disproportionation degree;Lithium ion battery silicon substrate cathode material The preparation method of material the following steps are included:
Step 1: being disproportionated the allotment of promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor by SiO, additive A is obtained;
Step 2: SiO and additive A are uniformly mixed, mixed material B is obtained;
Step 3: mixed material B is carried out high-temperature process, roasting material C is obtained;
Step 4: roasting material C is classified, obtains Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries after screening process.
SiO used in the step 1 is disproportionated promotor, is Li alkali, Na alkali, Mg alkali, Ca alkali, alkaline-earth metal and its oxygen One or more of compound, carbonate or hydroxide.
It is siliceous or carbon material that SiO used in the step 1, which is disproportionated inhibitor,.
Described siliceous or carbon material includes silicon powder, siliceous organic matter, organic carbon source.
SiO used in the step 1 is disproportionated promotor and the ratio of inhibitor controls the quality between 0.01-10 Than.
Additive A dosage used in the step 2 is the 0.01%-20% of SiO dosage, mass ratio.
The mode deployed in the step 2 is divided into solid phase mixing or liquid phase mixing;Solid phase mixing using high speed mixer, VC mixing machine or cone-type mixer one of which equipment, are mixed;Liquid phase, which is mixed into, to be used load weighted SiO and additive A is added in water or alcoholic solution, is carried out uniform stirring, is then carried out drying and processing.
High-temperature process in the step 3, in N2, in Ar or CO inert atmosphere, be warming up to 0.5-10 DEG C/min 300-1200℃。
High-temperature process in the step 3 is warming up to 700-1100 DEG C, constant temperature 0-10h.
A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, its special feature is that: Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries uses Preparation method defined by above-mentioned is prepared.
By the present invention in that the cooperation of promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor is disproportionated with SiO, it can be in wide temperature range reality The control of existing SiO disproportionation degree, to realize the equilibrium of SiO itself capacity and first effect and the Temperature Treatment of additive solubility matter It is easier to realize, therefore improves the chemical property and practical performance of silicon based anode material.
The positive effect of the present invention: promotor is disproportionated by SiO and SiO is disproportionated the allotment of inhibitor, then by itself and SiO Uniformly mixing, calcination process obtain.Silicon based anode material produced by the present invention compared with the existing technology, has disproportionation degree controllable Property is higher, and Applicable temperature range is wider, is easy to mass production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cyclic curve figure of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and prior art 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
The present invention passes through the disproportionation degree of control SiO, to reach the balance of its capacity and efficiency.Lithium ion battery of the invention Silicon based anode material is disproportionated the allotment of promotor and inhibitor by SiO, then uniformly mixed it with SiO, calcination process obtains It arrives.Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries produced by the present invention has disproportionation degree controllability higher, suitable relative to prior art With temperature range it is wider, be easy to the technical effect of mass production.
Embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Embodiment 1
10gNaOH and 10g Si powder grinding 30min is uniformly mixed, is then added in the SiO of 1000g partial size 5um, in indifferent gas In atmosphere, high speed ball milling is uniformly mixed, and then in Ar atmosphere, is warming up to 700 DEG C with 1 DEG C/min, is kept the temperature 1h, adopt after natural cooling Depolymerization, which is carried out, with Mechanical Crushing mode obtains silicon based anode material.
Embodiment 2
10g phenolic resin and 5gMg powder are uniformly mixed and are added in 2L ethanol solution, then uniform stirring 0.5h is added 1000g partial size 2umSiO, high-speed stirred 1h, are subsequently transferred to carry out low temperature drying in baking oven.Then in N2In atmosphere, with 2 DEG C/ Min is warming up to 1050 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h, carries out depolymerization using Mechanical Crushing mode after natural cooling and obtain silicon based anode material.
Embodiment 3
5gMg(OH), 8g silane coupling agent, 10g sucrose are added in 2L aqueous solution, then 1000g is added in uniform stirring 1h Partial size 5umSiO, high-speed stirred 1h are subsequently transferred to be dried in baking oven.Then in Ar atmosphere, with 3 DEG C/min liter Temperature keeps the temperature 3h, carries out depolymerization using Mechanical Crushing mode after natural cooling and obtain silicon based anode material to 950 DEG C.
Using embodiment 1-3 preparation lithium ion battery silicon based anode material, binder CMC+SBR(CMC:SBR= 4:6), conductive agent Super P is according to 93:4:3(mass ratio) ratio mixing, then be added deionized water adjust viscosity homogenate, Then slurry is coated on copper foil, is dried in vacuo, tabletting is assembled into button cell.Button cell test equipment is Wuhan gold The LAND battery test system of promise Electronics Co., Ltd. carries out charge-discharge test with 0.1C discharge rate, and charging/discharging voltage is 0.005-2V。
Following table 1 is the embodiment of the present invention and prior art electrochemical property test Comparative result table.
As can be seen from Table 1: being used in combination for promotor and inhibitor being disproportionated using SiO, the comprehensive performance of material has larger journey The improvement of degree, wherein comparing (solid phase mixing comparison) from embodiment 1 and prior art 1, the capacity and efficiency of material have one Fixed raising.Compare embodiment 3 and prior art 2(liquid phase mixing comparison), although material capacity slightly declines, head effect from 76% is promoted to 83.5%, hence it is evident that is promoted;The cyclic curve of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and prior art 2 is referring to attached drawing 1.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, it is characterised in that: the disproportionation of SiO is handled, is logical The allotment of SiO disproportionation promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor is crossed, to control SiO disproportionation degree;Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Preparation method the following steps are included:
Step 1: being disproportionated the allotment of promotor and SiO disproportionation inhibitor by SiO, additive A is obtained;
Step 2: SiO and additive A are uniformly mixed, mixed material B is obtained;
Step 3: mixed material B is carried out high-temperature process, roasting material C is obtained;
Step 4: roasting material C is classified, obtains Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries after screening process.
2. the preparation method of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step It is Li alkali, Na alkali, Mg alkali, Ca alkali, alkaline-earth metal and its oxide, carbonate or hydrogen-oxygen that SiO used in one, which is disproportionated promotor, One or more of compound.
3. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step It is siliceous or carbon material that SiO used in one, which is disproportionated inhibitor,.
4. lithium ion battery according to claim 3 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: described siliceous Or the material of carbon includes silicon powder, siliceous organic matter, organic carbon source.
5. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step SiO used in one is disproportionated promotor and the ratio of inhibitor controls the mass ratio between 0.01-10.
6. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step Additive A dosage used in two is the 0.01%-20% of SiO dosage, mass ratio.
7. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step The mode deployed in two is divided into solid phase mixing or liquid phase mixing;Solid phase mixing is mixed using high speed mixer, VC mixing machine or taper Conjunction machine one of which equipment, is mixed;Liquid phase is mixed into using load weighted SiO and additive A being added to water or alcohol is molten In liquid, uniform stirring is carried out, drying and processing is then carried out.
8. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step High-temperature process in three, in N2, in Ar or CO inert atmosphere, be warming up to 300-1200 DEG C with 0.5-10 DEG C/min.
9. lithium ion battery according to claim 7 silicon based anode material preparation method, it is characterised in that: the step High-temperature process in three is warming up to 700-1100 DEG C, constant temperature 0-10h.
10. a kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, it is characterised in that: Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries is wanted using right Preparation method defined by asking 1 is prepared.
CN201811167059.4A 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 A kind of Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries and preparation method Pending CN109301232A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110148730A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-20 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of silicon-based anode material with high first effect and long life and its preparation method and application
CN111883764A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-11-03 黄杰 Preparation method of nano silicon and application of nano silicon prepared by preparation method
CN114975903A (en) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-30 Sk新能源株式会社 Negative electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, negative electrode active material slurry containing same, and lithium secondary battery

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CN103199227A (en) * 2013-04-26 2013-07-10 中国东方电气集团有限公司 C/Si composite negative nanomaterial of lithium ion battery and preparation method of nanomaterial
CN103872295A (en) * 2014-04-04 2014-06-18 西华师范大学 Multi-component nanometer silicon-based material as well as preparation method thereof, composite material and preparation method of composite material
CN104701509A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-10 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN104852019A (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 北京有色金属研究总院 Lithium ion battery silicon metal composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN108232145A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-06-29 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 A kind of space buffer, the silicon oxide composite material and preparation method thereof of elements doped lithium, lithium ion battery

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CN103199227A (en) * 2013-04-26 2013-07-10 中国东方电气集团有限公司 C/Si composite negative nanomaterial of lithium ion battery and preparation method of nanomaterial
CN104701509A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-10 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN104852019A (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 北京有色金属研究总院 Lithium ion battery silicon metal composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN103872295A (en) * 2014-04-04 2014-06-18 西华师范大学 Multi-component nanometer silicon-based material as well as preparation method thereof, composite material and preparation method of composite material
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110148730A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-20 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of silicon-based anode material with high first effect and long life and its preparation method and application
CN111883764A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-11-03 黄杰 Preparation method of nano silicon and application of nano silicon prepared by preparation method
CN114975903A (en) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-30 Sk新能源株式会社 Negative electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, negative electrode active material slurry containing same, and lithium secondary battery
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DE102021127843B4 (en) 2021-02-18 2024-07-25 Sk On Co., Ltd. ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR A LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL SLURRY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING THE SAME
CN114975903B (en) * 2021-02-18 2025-07-22 Sk新能源株式会社 Negative electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, negative electrode active material slurry containing same, and lithium secondary battery

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