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CN109187038B - A method for simulating and obtaining fault data of marine diesel engine - Google Patents

A method for simulating and obtaining fault data of marine diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109187038B
CN109187038B CN201810884968.3A CN201810884968A CN109187038B CN 109187038 B CN109187038 B CN 109187038B CN 201810884968 A CN201810884968 A CN 201810884968A CN 109187038 B CN109187038 B CN 109187038B
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fault
diesel engine
exhaust
data
failure
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CN109187038A (en
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韩敏
李锦冰
韩冰
钟凯
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/05—Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
    • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
    • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
    • G01M15/106—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases using pressure sensors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种仿真获得船舶柴油机故障数据的方法，属于船舶柴油机故障监控和预测领域，基于船舶柴油机模型实现，包括：建立实际可行柴油机模型，调整模型的结构参数使得到的输出参数与实际柴油机一致；分析确定柴油机故障因素加入方法、故障阈值和发生故障所需时间；按照维纳过程逐渐向模型中增加故障因素直至确定的故障阈值，分别采集故障发生过程中各状态稳定情况下的监测参数可以获得故障发生过程数据。本发明使用仿真模型的方法可以高效的产生大量船舶柴油机故障数据，按照维纳过程仿真故障因素的增长保证故障发生过程的随机不确定性，降低故障数据采集成本，为定性分析船舶柴油机故障和基于数据驱动的故障分析方法提供大量数据。

A method for simulating and obtaining fault data of a marine diesel engine belongs to the field of marine diesel engine fault monitoring and prediction, and is realized based on a marine diesel engine model, comprising: establishing a practical diesel engine model, adjusting the structural parameters of the model so that the obtained output parameters are consistent with the actual diesel engine; analyzing; Determine the method of adding fault factors to the diesel engine, the fault threshold and the time required for the fault to occur; gradually add the fault factors to the model according to the Wiener process until the determined fault threshold, and collect the monitoring parameters under the stable conditions of each state during the fault occurrence process to obtain the fault. Process data occurs. The method of the invention using the simulation model can efficiently generate a large amount of marine diesel engine fault data, ensure the random uncertainty of the fault occurrence process according to the increase of the Wiener process simulation fault factors, reduce the cost of fault data acquisition, and provide for qualitative analysis of marine diesel engine faults and based on A data-driven approach to failure analysis provides large amounts of data.

Description

A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data
Technical field
The invention belongs to boat diesel engine failure monitorings and prediction field, are related to a kind of emulation acquisition boat diesel engine failure The method of data.
Background technique
The acceleration of global economic integration progress also promotes the development of shipping interest, as current most widely used ship Oceangoing ship power device, the failure of boat diesel engine account for the 60%~80% of entire ship failure, it is carried out health status monitoring and Failure predication runs guarantee ship steadily in the long term and has a very important significance.Traditional boat diesel engine failure monitoring technology It is mainly periodically artificially detected by skilled engineer, efficiency is lower and can no longer meet growing pair of people The requirement of stability of ship.Failure monitoring technology diagnostic accuracy with higher based on data-driven, is gone through by analysis system History and present monitoring parameters judge its health status, have got more and more people's extensive concerning, thus a large amount of history normally and Fault data has become qualitative analysis boat diesel engine fault characteristic and realizes the key of high-precision failure monitoring.
Boat diesel engine is typical multisystem, multi-level complication system, and various monitoring parameters carry different systems Health status information, therefore a variety of different key status parameters are the bases based on data-driven failure monitoring and Predicting Technique Plinth.However due to the presence of many reasons, true complete boat diesel engine monitoring parameters acquisition is very difficult, while its failure The acquisition of sample often has destructive, contingency and is difficult to reproducibility, and expensive, is unfavorable for being widely applied.This is tight Application of data analysis technique during failure monitoring and prediction is affected again, constrains the failure monitoring based on data-driven With the development of Predicting Technique.Therefore there is an urgent need to it is a kind of can by acquisition boat diesel engine that the method for emulation is simple and efficient therefore The method for hindering generating process data reduces the complexity that complete boat diesel engine monitoring parameters obtain.The present invention by The method for being gradually added into failure factor simulated fault generating process according to Wiener-Hopf equation rule in boat diesel engine model, acquisition system System monitoring parameters can obtain the repeatable fault data of low cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention specifically addresses existing true boat diesel engine failure generating process and specific fault conditions data collections Difficult problem proposes a kind of method that emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, can obtain soft fault simultaneously Process data can also obtain specific fault conditions data, reduce failure data acquisition cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, and this method is based on boat diesel engine model realization, presses Failure factor simulated fault generating process is gradually added into model according to Wiener-Hopf equation, acquires the prison of each stable malfunction respectively Parameter is surveyed to complete the collection of soft fault generating process and specific fault conditions data.Specific emulation obtains fault data Method the following steps are included:
Step S1: it according to the structural parameters in practical boat diesel engine parameter setting boat diesel engine model, establishes practical It is consistent with actual diesel engine to adjust the output parameter that the various input parameters of model make for the model of feasible diesel engine.
The Diesel Engine Model includes five parts, respectively turbocharger 1, air cooler 2, scavenging air box 3,4 and of cylinder Air inlet system and exhaust system.The turbocharger 1 includes booster 1-1 and turbine device 1-2, for that can convert in the residue in being vented For mechanical energy, and then compress air inlet；Booster 1-1 is used to increase the extraneous air pressurized for entering diesel engine by porting 5 Tolerance is added, the efficiency of combustion of diesel oil is improved；Turbine device 1-2 will be for that will be discharged in gas remaining interior amount again using being converted to Mechanical energy pushes booster 1-1 work.The air cooler 2 is for reducing the intake air temperature risen after pressurization.Described sweeps Gas tank 3 guarantees that the air for entering difference cylinder 4 keeps relative constant for storing gas pressure accumulation.The cylinder 4 is actual diesel oil The place that combustion process occurs, is the core of entire diesel engine.After the air inlet system and exhaust system include porting 5, booster Pipeline 7, inlet manifold A8, exhaust manifold B9, exhaust main 11 and interface 10 after pipeline 6, air cooler, for realizing each subsystem Between gas transmitting, above structure is chained up to the course of work that diesel engine can be thus achieved by air inlet system and exhaust system.Institute 4 one end of single cylinder stated is connect by inlet manifold A8 with scavenging air box 3, and the other end passes through exhaust manifold B9 and 10 phase of interface Even, interface 10 is connect by exhaust main 11 with turbine device 1-2；Inlet manifold A8, exhaust manifold B9 number with 4, cylinder Number is identical.
The outside air enters booster 1-1 by porting 5, by heating pressurized air via booster Pipeline 6 enters air cooler 2 afterwards, and air after cooling enters scavenging air box 3 via pipeline 7 after air cooler and realizes storage gas pressure accumulation；It is described Scavenging air box 3 be connected by multiple inlet manifold A8 with cylinder 4, according in cylinder 4 diesel combustion sequence successively infused into cylinder 4 Enter air；Exhaust gas in cylinder 4 enters turbine device 1-2, turbine device 1-2 via exhaust manifold B9, interface 10 and exhaust main 11 By can be again using mechanical energy is converted in residue in exhaust gas (discharge gas), last exhaust gas be outer via being discharged into porting 5 Boundary.
Step S2: by the characteristic of simulated fault needed for analyzing, failure factor Adding Way, fault threshold and generation are determined The time required to failure.
The fault threshold and the required time that breaks down is determining according to actual boat diesel engine, but failure factor Adding Way can be commonly used, is described in detail below to accident analysis and failure factor addition:
The most common failure of the turbocharger 1 includes booster 1-1 surge, the decline of booster 1-1 efficiency and machinery Efficiency decline etc..Booster 1-1 surge is as entering work caused by when the air mass flow of booster 1-1 reduces to a certain extent Make wild effect, will cause booster 1-1 damage when serious, emulates this failure and can be used and be gradually reduced into booster The method of 1-1 air quality flow.The decline of booster 1-1 efficiency is usually because its inner flow passage is by dust, oil at runtime Caused by air flow resistance caused by mist and carbon granule are dirty increases, diesel powered decline, over-emitting black exhaust, efficiency of combustion decline will cause Phenomena such as, the acquisition of booster 1-1 efficiency directly can be slowly reduced during data simulation.Mechanical efficiency declines mainly by whirlpool Caused by taking turns the reasons such as the bearing burnt in booster 1, booster 1-1 boost pressure can be caused too low, in actual emulation failure It can be realized by the method for slowly reducing mechanical efficiency when data.
The most common failure of the air cooler 2 includes that air cooler 2 is cooling insufficient, and this failure may be drawn by many reasons It rises, including cooling medium consumption is insufficient, coolant temperature increases extremely, and cooling impurity, which is attached in 2 pipeline of air cooler, to be caused Cooling efficiency decline etc..Therefore the method for failure factor being added also has very much, including reduces cooling medium mass flow, is promoted cold But medium temperature and reduction cooling efficiency etc..This failure will cause gas pressure and the temperature rising into scavenging air box 3, influence Efficiency of combustion.
4 most common failure of cylinder includes distributive value deficiency etc., and occurrence cause includes that diesel oil is unclean, high-pressure oil pipe Inside there is impurity, the foul on the parts such as spring for fuel injector, tappet has moved on to oil-fuel injector needle-valve top by fuel injector tappet Deng this failure often only occurs in single cylinder 4, influences diesel engine working efficiency, therefore emulate and failure factor is added Method is the atomizer diameter reduced in single cylinder or the diesel quality directly reduced into single cylinder.
The air inlet system and exhaust system most common failure includes exhaust blockage etc., when occurrence cause includes that exhaust manifold 10 is long Between do not clear up, carbon deposit is excessive, and exhaust sectional area reduces and causes exhaust resistance to increase even and block, and this failure can cause to enter Fresh air in cylinder 4 is reduced, and then influences burn rate.This failure often only occurs in single exhaust manifold B9, The replacing velocity for delaying fresh air in cylinder 4 influences efficiency of combustion, therefore can be used and gradually decrease when this failure of emulation The method of the initial position pipe diameter of single exhaust manifold B9.
Step S3: Wiener-Hopf equation emulation event is determined according to fault threshold determining in step S2 and the time required to breaking down Parameter value needed for barrier factor, and method gradually increases failure factor with simulated fault generating process according to this.
Shown in the Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor adition process principle such as formula (1):
Wherein, λiIt is tiThe growth factor of the failure factor at moment is according to preset time of failure desired value Set failure factor growth factor initial value λi；η~N (0, Q) is the noise of growth factor；σ~N (0, P) is that failure factor increases Coefficient of variation existing for diffusion coefficient in the process namely whole process, according to fluctuation that may be present in failure generating process Parameter Q and P is set separately；xiLocation parameter value occurs for the failure of i-th of state.
Step S4: according to the working state of system of the method emulation of failure factor at this time is added in step S3, according to preparatory The sampling rule of setting and sampling interval acquire monitoring parameters stable under the state.
The monitoring parameters include power, maximum outbreak pressure, booster 1-1 outlet temperature, the outlet booster 1-1 pressure Power, air flow through the 2 front and back temperature difference of air cooler, air flows through 2 front and back pressure difference of air cooler, scavenging temperature, scavenging pressure, exhaust temperature Degree, pressure at expulsion, exhaust gas go out turbine device 1-2 temperature into turbine device 1-2 temperature, exhaust gas, exhaust gas goes out the mass flow of turbine device 1-2 Deng.
Step S5: judging whether failure factor reaches scheduled fault threshold, not up to then repeats step S3 increase Failure factor and step S4 acquisition monitoring parameters complete simulated fault data acquisition.
The failure factor in system is stepped up according to determining Wiener-Hopf equation function until reaching preset failure Threshold value w acquires the monitoring parameters of each stable malfunction respectively, can be combined into failure generating process data, can also Specific fault conditions monitoring parameters are obtained to increase the sampling number of some state.Since the present invention is only used for gradual process Fault data emulation, the variation that each failure factor generates is smaller, can ignore discrete failure factor increase process and cause Parameter fluctuation, adopting for failure generating process data can be realized by directly collecting each stable malfunction health parameters Collection.
A large amount of boat diesel engines are efficiently generated the beneficial effects of the present invention are: can be convenient using the method for simulation model Fault data guarantees the stochastic uncertainty of failure generating process, Ke Yitong using the growth of Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor When obtain the change procedures of monitoring parameters in specific fault conditions and failure generating process, be the analysis marine diesel of qualitative, quantitative Machine failure and failure analysis methods based on data-driven provide mass data.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is boat diesel engine fault data generator work flow diagram；
Six cylinder two-stroke boat diesel engine model structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is turbocharger model structure schematic diagram；
In figure: 1 turbocharger；2 air coolers；3 scavenging air boxs；4 cylinders；5 portings；Pipeline after 6 boosters；7 is air-cooled Pipeline after device；8 inlet manifold A；9 exhaust manifold B；The interface of 10 various inlet manifolds；11 exhaust mains；1-1 booster；1-2 Turbine device.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment emulation generates exhaust pipe plugging fault data, constructs by taking MAN company 6S35ME-B9 diesel engine as an example Boat diesel engine model.
Step S1 is established practical according to the structural parameters in practical boat diesel engine parameter setting diesel engine mathematical model The model of feasible diesel engine.
Step S2 analyzes Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe plugging fault, determines that use is gradually reduced an exhaust manifold B9 The method simulated fault of initial position diameter, in fault-free factor, exhaust manifold B9 initial position diameter is 170mm, is set out Initial position threshold diameter when existing failure is 130mm.For the generation of acceleration disturbance data, when there is the expectation of such failure in setting Between be 50 days.
Step S3 is -0.056mm for specific increment constant λ value in selected Wiener-Hopf equation, and increment variation fluctuation η is side Difference is the normal distribution of 0.05mm, and σ is the normal distribution that variance is 0.05mm.Determine that Wiener-Hopf equation model increases according to selected parameter Add failure factor, obtains new exhaust manifold B9 diameter.
Step S4 emulates operating status at this time, chooses 10 groups of sampling conducts after new malfunction runs smoothly The operating parameter of the malfunction, sampling interval are 10 minutes, complete specific fault conditions monitoring parameters collection process.
Step S5 judges the current initial position exhaust manifold B9 diameter, if reach preset failure Threshold value repeats step S3 and S4 when not up to, completes the acquisition of exhaust pipe plugging fault generating process data.During this The sampling number of the monitoring parameters of some malfunction can also individually be increased as exhaust pipe plugging fault data.
Embodiment 2
The implementation case is for emulating the cooling insufficient fault data of air cooler 2, using the identical marine diesel of experiment case study 1 Machine model.
Step S1, the Diesel Engine Model needed for being established according to actual diesel engine structural parameters.
Step S2, insufficient failure cooling to diesel air cooler 2 are analyzed, and determine that the implementation case emulates air cooler pipe Failure caused by road is depended on by impurity is emulated using the method for gradually decreasing 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler.Air cooler 2 is cooling Efficiency is 89.5% in fault-free, and cooling efficiency threshold value is 65%.There is such failure in the generation of acceleration disturbance data, setting Expected time be 51 days.
Step S3, selecting failure factor to increase increment constant λ value in Wiener-Hopf equation is -0.05%, increment variation fluctuation η symbol The normal distribution that variance is 0.03% is closed, σ meets the normal distribution that variance is 0.03%.Wiener-Hopf equation is determined according to selected parameter Model increases failure factor, obtains new 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler.
Step S4 emulates working condition at this time, acquires the monitoring parameters of 15 sampled points of new stabilization malfunction As the operating parameter of the malfunction, the sampling interval is equally chosen 10 minutes, completes the acquisition of specific fault conditions data.
Step S5, whether 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler reaches fault threshold at this time for judgement, repeats step S3 and S4, directly To the cooling efficiency threshold value for reaching setting, the monitoring parameters for acquiring each steady malfunction form failure generating process data, The fault data that some malfunction sampling number obtains specific fault conditions can also be increased at this time.
Embodiment described above only expresses embodiments of the present invention, and but it cannot be understood as to the invention patent Range limitation, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, also Several modifications and improvements can be made, these are all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1.一种仿真获得船舶柴油机故障数据的方法，其特征在于：所述的方法基于船舶柴油机模型实现，按照维纳过程逐步向模型中加入故障因素仿真故障发生过程，分别采集各稳定故障状态的监测参数以完成缓变故障发生过程和特定故障状态数据的收集；包括以下步骤：1. a method for obtaining marine diesel engine fault data by simulation, it is characterized in that: described method is realized based on marine diesel engine model, according to Wiener process, add fault factor simulation fault occurrence process in model step by step, collect the data of each stable fault state respectively. Monitoring parameters to complete the ramp-up fault occurrence process and the collection of specific fault status data; includes the following steps: 步骤S1：根据实际船舶柴油机参数设定船舶柴油机模型中的结构参数，建立实际可行柴油机的模型，调整模型的各种输入参数使得到的输出参数与实际柴油机相一致；Step S1: setting the structural parameters in the marine diesel engine model according to the actual marine diesel engine parameters, establishing a practical diesel engine model, and adjusting various input parameters of the model so that the obtained output parameters are consistent with the actual diesel engine; 所述柴油机模型包括涡轮增压器(1)、空冷器(2)、扫气箱(3)、气缸(4)和进排气系统五个部分，其中，涡轮增压器(1)包括增压器(1-1)和涡轮器(1-2)，进排气系统包括进排气口(5)、增压器后管道(6)、空冷器后管道(7)、进气歧管A(8)、排气歧管B(9)、排气总管(11)及接口(10)；外界空气由进排气口(5)进入增压器(1-1)，经过增温增压后的空气经由增压器后管道(6)进入空冷器(2)，冷却后的空气经由空冷器后管道(7)进入扫气箱(3)实现蓄气蓄压；扫气箱(3)通过多个进气歧管A(8)与气缸(4)相连，按照气缸(4)内柴油燃烧顺序依次向气缸(4)内注入空气，进气歧管A(8)的个数与气缸(4)个数相同；气缸(4)内的废气经由排气歧管B(9)、接口(10)和排气总管(11)进入涡轮器(1-2)，涡轮器(1-2)将废气中剩余内能再次利用转换为机械能，最后废气经由进进排气口(5)排出外界；所述的单个气缸(4)一端通过进气歧管A(8)与扫气箱(3)连接，另一端通过排气歧管B(9)与接口(10)相连；进气歧管A(8)、排气歧管B(9)的个数均与气缸(4)个数相同；The diesel engine model includes five parts: a turbocharger (1), an air cooler (2), a scavenging box (3), a cylinder (4), and an intake and exhaust system, wherein the turbocharger (1) includes a turbocharger (1). The compressor (1-1) and the turbine (1-2), the intake and exhaust system includes the intake and exhaust ports (5), the supercharger rear pipeline (6), the air cooler rear pipeline (7), the intake manifold A (8), exhaust manifold B (9), exhaust manifold (11) and interface (10); the outside air enters the supercharger (1-1) through the intake and exhaust ports (5), The compressed air enters the air cooler (2) through the rear pipeline (6) of the supercharger, and the cooled air enters the scavenging box (3) through the rear pipeline (7) of the air cooler to realize gas storage and pressure accumulation; the scavenging box (3) ) is connected to the cylinder (4) through a plurality of intake manifolds A(8), and the air is injected into the cylinder (4) in sequence according to the diesel combustion sequence in the cylinder (4). The number of cylinders (4) is the same; the exhaust gas in the cylinder (4) enters the turbine (1-2) through the exhaust manifold B (9), the interface (10) and the exhaust manifold (11), and the turbine (1- 2) The remaining internal energy in the exhaust gas is reused and converted into mechanical energy, and finally the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside through the intake and exhaust ports (5); one end of the single cylinder (4) passes through the intake manifold A (8) and the scavenging box. (3) Connection, the other end is connected to the interface (10) through the exhaust manifold B (9); the same number; 步骤S2：通过分析所需仿真故障的特性，确定故障因素加入方法、故障阈值及发生故障所需时间，所述的故障阈值和发生故障所需时间根据实际的船舶柴油机确定；对故障分析及故障因素加入的描述如下：Step S2: Determine the method of adding fault factors, the fault threshold and the time required for the fault to occur by analyzing the characteristics of the required simulated faults. The fault threshold and the required time for the fault to occur are determined according to the actual marine diesel engine; The description of the factor joining is as follows: 对于涡轮增压器(1)故障包括增压器(1-1)喘振、增压器(1-1)效率下降和机械效率下降，仿真加入故障因素的方法如下：对于增压器(1-1)喘振，逐渐减小进入增压器(1-1)空气质量流量；对于增压器(1-1)效率下降，在数据仿真过程中直接缓慢降低增压器(1-1)效率；对于机械效率下降，在仿真故障数据时可以通过缓慢降低机械效率的方法实现；For the turbocharger (1) failure including the surge of the supercharger (1-1), the decrease of the efficiency of the supercharger (1-1) and the decrease of the mechanical efficiency, the simulation method of adding the failure factors is as follows: For the supercharger (1-1) -1) Surge, gradually reduce the air mass flow into the supercharger (1-1); for the efficiency of the supercharger (1-1) to drop, directly and slowly reduce the supercharger (1-1) during the data simulation process Efficiency; for mechanical efficiency reduction, it can be achieved by slowly reducing mechanical efficiency when simulating fault data; 对于空冷器(2)冷却不足的故障，仿真加入故障因素的方法为：降低冷却介质质量流量、提升冷却介质温度和降低冷却效率；For the fault of insufficient cooling of the air cooler (2), the simulation method of adding the fault factors is: reducing the mass flow of the cooling medium, increasing the temperature of the cooling medium and reducing the cooling efficiency; 对于气缸(4)喷油量不足的故障，仿真加入故障因素的方法为：减小单个气缸内的喷油嘴直径或直接减小进入单个气缸的柴油质量；For the failure of insufficient fuel injection in the cylinder (4), the method of simulating and adding the failure factors is: reducing the diameter of the fuel injection nozzle in a single cylinder or directly reducing the mass of diesel entering a single cylinder; 对于进排气系统排气管堵塞的故障，仿真加入故障因素的方法为：逐渐降低单个排气歧管B(9)的起始位置管道直径；For the blockage of the exhaust pipe of the intake and exhaust system, the method of simulating and adding the fault factor is: gradually reduce the diameter of the pipe at the starting position of the single exhaust manifold B (9); 步骤S3：根据步骤S2中确定的故障阈值和发生故障所需时间，确定维纳过程仿真故障因素所需参数值，并依此方法逐渐增加故障因素以仿真故障发生过程；Step S3: according to the fault threshold and the time required for the occurrence of the fault determined in the step S2, determine the parameter values required for the Wiener process to simulate the fault factors, and gradually increase the fault factors according to this method to simulate the fault occurrence process; 所述的维纳过程仿真故障因素加入过程如公式(1)所示：The described Wiener process simulation failure factor adding process is shown in formula (1): 其中，λi是第ti时刻的故障因素的增长系数，按照预先设定的故障发生时间期望值设定故障因素增长系数初值λi；η～N(0,Q)是增长系数的噪声；σ～N(0,P)是故障因素增长过程中的扩散系数，也即整个过程存在的波动系数，按照故障发生过程中可能存在的波动分别设定参数Q和P；xi为第i个状态的故障发生位置参数值；Among them, λ i is the growth factor of the fault factor at the t i th time, and the initial value λ i of the fault factor growth factor is set according to the preset expected value of the fault occurrence time; η～N(0, Q) is the noise of the growth factor; σ～N(0,P) is the diffusion coefficient in the growth process of the fault factor, that is, the fluctuation coefficient existing in the whole process. The parameters Q and P are respectively set according to the possible fluctuations in the fault occurrence process; x i is the i-th The parameter value of the fault location of the state; 步骤S4：根据步骤S3中加入故障因素的方法仿真此时的系统工作状态，按照预先设定的采样规律和采样间隔采集该状态下稳定的监测参数；Step S4: simulate the current system working state according to the method of adding fault factors in step S3, and collect stable monitoring parameters in this state according to a preset sampling rule and sampling interval; 所述的监测参数包括功率、最大爆发压力、增压器(1-1)出口温度、增压器(1-1)出口压力、空气流经空冷器(2)前后温差、空气流经空冷器(2)前后压差、扫气温度、扫气压力、排气温度、排气压力、废气进涡轮器(1-2)温度、废气出涡轮器(1-2)温度或废气出涡轮器(1-2)的质量流量；The monitoring parameters include power, maximum burst pressure, outlet temperature of the supercharger (1-1), outlet pressure of the supercharger (1-1), temperature difference before and after the air flows through the air cooler (2), and air flows through the air cooler. (2) Front and rear pressure difference, scavenging temperature, scavenging pressure, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, exhaust gas inlet turbine (1-2) temperature, exhaust gas outlet turbine (1-2) temperature or exhaust gas outlet turbine (1-2) temperature 1-2) mass flow; 步骤S5：判断故障因素是否达到预定的故障阈值，未达到则重复进行步骤S3增加故障因素和步骤S4采集监测参数完成仿真故障数据采集过程；Step S5: judging whether the fault factor reaches the predetermined fault threshold, if not, repeat step S3 to increase the fault factor and step S4 to collect monitoring parameters to complete the simulation fault data collection process; 按照确定的维纳过程函数逐步增加系统中的故障因素直至到达预先设定的故障阈值，分别采集每个稳定故障状态的监测参数，即可将其组合为故障发生过程数据，也可以增加某个状态的采样次数获得特定故障状态监测参数。According to the determined Wiener process function, the fault factors in the system are gradually increased until the preset fault threshold is reached, and the monitoring parameters of each stable fault state are collected separately, which can be combined into the fault occurrence process data, or a certain The number of samples of the state to obtain the monitoring parameters of the specific fault state.
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