CN109167396A - A kind of steam-extracting type cogeneration units fm capacity method for digging based on building thermal inertia - Google Patents
A kind of steam-extracting type cogeneration units fm capacity method for digging based on building thermal inertia Download PDFInfo
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于建筑热惯性的抽汽式热电联产机组调频能力挖掘方法，包括以下具体步骤：步骤1：针对包含CHP机组的电热联合系统，收集所述联合系统的运行参数；步骤2：建立挖掘抽汽式CHP机组调频能力的建筑热备用衡量指标；步骤3：建立CHP机组调频能力挖掘的电热联合系统分解协调调度模型；步骤4：对步骤3所建立的电热联合系统分解协调调度模型进行求解，得到在目标函数最优的情况下的各项运行变量的值；步骤5：根据步骤4的得到的求解结果，分析所述电热联合系统基于建筑热惯性的调频能力挖掘效果；为以风电为代表的各种新能源在上述地区的稳定发展提供良好的电力系统安全稳定的基础，解决新能源的消纳问题，改善其消纳状况。
The invention discloses a method for mining the frequency regulation capability of an extraction steam cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of a building. 2: Establish the building heat reserve measurement index for excavating the frequency regulation capacity of the extraction steam CHP unit; Step 3: Establish a decomposition and coordination scheduling model of the combined electric and heat system for mining the frequency regulation capacity of the CHP unit; Step 4: Decompose and coordinate the combined electric and heat system established in Step 3 The scheduling model is solved to obtain the values of various operating variables when the objective function is optimal; Step 5: According to the solution result obtained in Step 4, analyze the mining effect of the frequency regulation capability of the combined electric and heat system based on the thermal inertia of the building; It will provide a good foundation for the security and stability of the power system for the stable development of various new energies represented by wind power in the above-mentioned regions, solve the problem of new energy consumption, and improve its consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frequency modulation of cogeneration units, and particularly relates to a frequency modulation capability mining method from building thermal inertia based on a steam extraction control mode.
Background
Under the background of large-scale new energy development and application, areas containing high-proportion cogeneration units occupy a large number of conventional frequency modulation units during the winter and warm period, so that the frequency modulation capability of areas with deficient frequency modulation resources is reduced rapidly, however, most of new frequency modulation resources built in the areas do not have engineering feasibility, and therefore, the exploitation of the frequency modulation capability of the cogeneration units becomes an important measure for solving the problems.
The heating unit power generation load-machine front pressure-steam extraction pressure simplified nonlinear dynamic model is constructed in the literature [ Liuxin screen, Tianliang, Wangqi, Liuji ] and the heating unit power generation load-machine front pressure-steam extraction pressure simplified nonlinear dynamic model [ J ] in the dynamic engineering report, 2014,34(02):115 and 121 ], and the like, and the internal mechanism of following the heating load demand change by adjusting the heating steam extraction pressure to maintain the heating steam extraction mass flow is researched. But the research of the heat storage coordination object supporting the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit and the characteristics thereof is neglected in the current research.
The documents [ Yang Y, Wu K, Yan X, et al, the large-scale wind and power integration using the integrated thermal load and storage control [ J ]. IEEENDHOVENPOWERTECH Powertech,2015:1-6 ] and the like take thermal inertia constraints into consideration in the combined scheduling of electric heating systems, and the documents [ lie, Wanhaixia, Wang ripple, and the like take advantage of the dynamic characteristics of buildings and heat networks to improve the peak regulation capability of a cogeneration unit [ J ]. the automation of electric power systems, 2017,41(15):26-33 ] take account of the peak regulation flexibility of thermal inertia. However, in the CHP unit steam extraction regulation control operation mode, the above research cannot directly utilize the building thermal inertia to realize the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the current situation of the shortage of frequency modulation resources of a power system in an electric heating combined system containing a high-permeability CHP unit, provide a good foundation for the safe and stable development of various new energy sources represented by wind power in the areas, solve the problem of new energy consumption and improve the consumption condition of the new energy sources.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a method for excavating frequency modulation capacity of an extraction type cogeneration unit based on building thermal inertia comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: aiming at an electric heating combined system comprising a CHP unit, collecting operation parameters of the combined system;
step 2: building hot standby measurement indexes for excavating frequency modulation capability of the extraction type CHP unit are established;
and step 3: establishing an electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model for excavating the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit;
step 3.1: defining operating variables in the combined heat and power system;
step 3.2: constructing an electric heating combined system operation objective function by taking the optimal whole network operation cost as a target;
step 3.3: constructing related constraint conditions of a power system and a thermodynamic system;
and 4, step 4: solving the electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model established in the step 3 to obtain values of various operation variables under the condition of optimal objective function;
and 5: analyzing the frequency modulation capability mining effect of the electric-heat combined system based on the thermal inertia of the building according to the solving result obtained in the step 4;
wherein: CHP is short for extraction type cogeneration; the CHP unit is a short for extraction type cogeneration unit.
The operation parameters of the combined system in the step 1 comprise operation characteristic parameters of a power system, operation characteristic parameters of a thermodynamic system and relevant operation parameters of a CHP unit;
the power system operating characteristic parameters include: the method comprises the following steps that node parameters, branch parameters, generator set parameters, unit cost parameters, load parameters and flexibility of the power system are reserved;
the thermodynamic system operating characteristic parameters comprise: heat supply network pipe section parameters, heat supply network node parameters and thermal load parameters;
the relevant operation parameters of the CHP unit comprise: the power consumption control method comprises the following steps of CHP unit heat-to-electricity parameters, CHP unit power regulation and control limits, CHP unit electricity (heat) fuel consumption and maximum fuel consumption.
In the step 2, the building hot standby measurement index is defined by parameters (△ h)i,max，) Wherein △ hi,maxRepresents the maximum rate of change of the building hot spare per unit time, and is calculated by the formula:
△hi,max＝qV△Tn(1)
in the formula: q (w/m)2DEG C) is an index of heat consumption of a heating area of a building, namely, each 1m of the building2Heat consumption of a building area when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is 1 ℃; v (m)2) For heating area of building △ TnThe amount of change of the indoor temperature on the basis of the specified temperature;
the maximum heat reserve capacity of a building on the premise of satisfying the comfort of indoor temperature is shown, and the value can be obtained through experiments.
In the step 3.1, the defining the operation variables in the combined heat and power system comprises:
output variable of conventional thermal power generating unitFrequency modulation standby of conventional thermal power generating unit(ready for use),(next standby); electric output variable of CHP unitVariation of heat outputFrequency modulated standby(ready for use),(lower standby), hot standby(ready for use),(next standby);
operating output of wind farm
Temperature operation variable of heat supply network systemNamely the water supply temperature of the heat source exchange node,The return water temperature of the heat source exchange node,The outlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The inlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The water supply temperature variation of the heat supply initial station node j caused by the hot standby,for heating and preparingBy the amount of change in the temperature of the water supply caused to the heating head node j,in order for the inlet temperature of the heat sink to increase by an amount,is the amount of inlet temperature reduction of the heat sink; heat reserve variable of building(ready for use),(for later use).
In the step 3.2, the operation objective function formula of the electric heating combined system is as follows:
wherein T is scheduling time; Ψw、ΨCAnd ΨARespectively a wind power plant, a CHP unit and a conventional unit set; f. ofi AIs a conventional unit cost function;is a CHP unit electricity/heat operation cost function;andis a conventional and upper/lower standby cost function of the CHP unit; f. ofi wWind power wind abandon penalty function;
the cost function of a conventional unit is shown as follows:
wherein, ai，bi，ciThe coefficients are a quadratic term coefficient, a primary term coefficient and a conventional term coefficient of the power generation cost respectively;
the electricity/heat operating cost function of the CHP plant is shown as follows:
wherein, muc、All are each cost coefficient;
the wind power penalty cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, deltaiA wind power penalty coefficient;
the spare cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, βiAnd the cost coefficient is the spare cost coefficient of the unit.
In the step 3, the relevant constraint conditions of the power system and the thermodynamic system comprise power system constraint conditions, thermodynamic system constraint conditions and a CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy.
The power system constraints include:
and power balance constraint:
in the formula, ΨDAs a set of loads, di,tIs the load demand;
and (3) conventional unit operation constraint:
CHP unit operation restraint:
coupling constraint of the CHP unit and the thermodynamic system:
wherein, the formulas (18) to (19) are the electric heating scheduling operation interval constraints of the extraction type CHP unit; equations (20) - (21) are the relationship between the frequency modulation flexibility standby of the extraction type CHP unit and the hot standby of the CHP unit, namely the extraction regulation function;the electric heat conversion coefficient is adjusted for steam extraction; it is worth noting that the steam extraction technology is to use the steam used for thermal output in power generation, so that the hot standby and frequency modulation standby of the CHP unit are in an opposite relationship;
wind power plant operation constraint:
power system frequency modulation flexibility backup demand constraints:
wherein:andthe upper standby and the lower standby are respectively used for the frequency modulation flexibility of the power system of the system. Electric power system network security constraint:
wherein: l isl,tFor line power, as shown in the following formula (26), Gl-Is an allocation factor.
The thermodynamic system thermodynamic equilibrium constraint:
the thermodynamic equilibrium constraint comprises heat exchange initial station equilibrium equations (27), building radiator equilibrium equations (28) and heat supply network temperature equations (29) - (30) connected with the CHP unit.
In the formula,dispatching heat output of the CHP unit; h isi,tThe thermal load of the thermal load node i at the moment t;andthe water supply temperature and the water return temperature of the heat source exchange node;andthe inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the heat load radiator; representing a CHP unit set connected with a heat supply network node j;andwater flow rates of HES and HS, respectively; c is the specific heat capacity of water; omegaHSIndicating the number of heat source exchange stations connected with the CHP unit; omegaHESThe number of the building heat load nodes is the number; gamma rayjiIs the propagation delay constant between the heat source to the heat load; lambda [ alpha ]jiTemperature transfer factor for water delivery node j to heat load inflow node i ηijA transfer factor of the heat exchange node i to the return water temperature j of the heat source is obtained according to the topological structures of the heat source and the heat load by the water flow rate of the water supply pipeline;
and (3) heat output operation constraint of the CHP unit:
wherein,andis a non-negative variable.
Temperature safety constraint of heat supply network operation:
whereinAre all non-negative variables.
The CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
and (3) a hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy on the CHP unit:
the formulas (40) to (42) are CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy equations, whereinIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (43) to (44) are a constraint equation of the thermal reserve of the building, equation (43) is a constraint of the change rate of the thermal reserve in the thermal reserve and operation period of the building, and equation (44) is a constraint of the total reserve adjustment capacity in the full operation period of the thermal reserve;
the hot standby under the CHP unit and the building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
the formulas (45) to (47) are CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy equations, whereinIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of the hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (48) - (49) are the building hot spare constraint equations, equation (48) is the hot spare change rate constraint during the building hot spare and operating periods, and equation (49) is the total spare capacity constraint during the hot spare full operating period.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. building hot spare parameters for supporting CHP mechanism frequency modulation are established: maximum hot standby change rate of building heat for frequency modulation support per unit time; the total maximum spare capacity (i.e., time temperature) provided by the building during system frequency tuning. Compared with the prior art, the parameters can accurately and effectively measure the size of the building heat reserve capacity from the numerical value, lay a foundation for the frequency modulation capability excavation of the extraction type CHP unit, and indicate the source of the frequency modulation capability.
2. The established coordination control strategy between the CHP unit and the building hot standby can realize the building hot standby control when the heat supply network supports the frequency modulation of the CHP unit, and can achieve the purpose of actively coordinating the building hot standby and the CHP unit hot standby.
3. The exploitation of the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit can effectively solve a series of problems caused by the lack of the frequency modulation capability in a high-permeability CHP unit area, and particularly creates favorable conditions for the grid connection of renewable energy sources under the background of the rapid development and popularization of power generation of various renewable energy sources.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an integrated electric heating system.
Figure 2 shows a graph of electrical and thermal load demand.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the unit output for different situations; wherein (a) is the output of the thermal power generating unit under the condition 1, (b) is the output of the thermal power generating unit under the condition 2, and (c) is the output comparison of the CHP unit.
Figure 4 shows the building hot spare in case 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates the power system frequency modulated backup requirement for case 2; wherein (a) is the reserve capacity requirement on the frequency modulation of the power system, and (b) is the reserve capacity requirement under the frequency modulation of the power system.
FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the total output characteristics of wind turbines.
Fig. 7 shows a comparison of wind curtailment amounts of wind turbines.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a method for excavating frequency modulation capacity of an extraction type cogeneration unit based on building thermal inertia comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: aiming at an electric heating combined system comprising a CHP unit, collecting operation parameters of the combined system;
step 2: building hot standby measurement indexes for excavating frequency modulation capability of the extraction type CHP unit are established;
and step 3: establishing an electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model for excavating the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit;
step 3.1: defining operating variables in the combined heat and power system;
step 3.2: constructing an electric heating combined system operation objective function by taking the optimal whole network operation cost as a target;
step 3.3: constructing related constraint conditions of a power system and a thermodynamic system;
and 4, step 4: solving the electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model established in the step 3 to obtain values of various operation variables under the condition of optimal objective function;
and 5: analyzing the frequency modulation capability mining effect of the electric-heat combined system based on the thermal inertia of the building according to the solving result obtained in the step 4;
wherein: CHP is short for extraction type cogeneration; the CHP unit is a short for extraction type cogeneration unit.
The operation parameters of the combined system in the step 1 comprise operation characteristic parameters of a power system, operation characteristic parameters of a thermodynamic system and relevant operation parameters of a CHP unit;
the power system operating characteristic parameters include: the method comprises the following steps that node parameters, branch parameters, generator set parameters, unit cost parameters, load parameters and flexibility of the power system are reserved;
the thermodynamic system operating characteristic parameters comprise: heat supply network pipe section parameters, heat supply network node parameters and thermal load parameters;
the relevant operation parameters of the CHP unit comprise: the power consumption control method comprises the following steps of CHP unit heat-to-electricity parameters, CHP unit power regulation and control limits, CHP unit electricity (heat) fuel consumption and maximum fuel consumption.
In the step 2, the building hot standby measurement index is defined by parameters (△ h)i,max，) Wherein △ hi,maxRepresents the maximum rate of change of the building hot spare per unit time, and is calculated by the formula:
△hi,max＝qV△Tn(50)
in the formula: q (w/m)2DEG C) is an index of heat consumption of a heating area of a building, namely, each 1m of the building2Heat consumption of a building area when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is 1 ℃; v (m)2) For heating area of building △ TnThe amount of change of the indoor temperature on the basis of the specified temperature;
the maximum heat reserve capacity of a building on the premise of satisfying the comfort of indoor temperature is shown, and the value can be obtained through experiments.
In the step 3.1, the defining the operation variables in the combined heat and power system comprises:
output variable of conventional thermal power generating unitFrequency modulation standby of conventional thermal power generating unit(ready for use),(next standby); electric output variable of CHP unitVariation of heat outputFrequency modulated standby(ready for use),(lower standby), hot standby(ready for use),(next standby);
operating output of wind farm
Temperature operation variable of heat supply network systemNamely the water supply temperature of the heat source exchange node,The return water temperature of the heat source exchange node,The outlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The inlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The water supply temperature variation of the heat supply initial station node j caused by the hot standby,the water supply temperature variation of the heat supply initial station node j caused by lower heat standby,in order for the inlet temperature of the heat sink to increase by an amount,is the amount of inlet temperature reduction of the heat sink; heat reserve variable of building(ready for use),(for later use).
In the step 3.2, the operation objective function formula of the electric heating combined system is as follows:
wherein T is scheduling time; Ψw、ΨCAnd ΨARespectively a wind power plant, a CHP unit and a conventional unit set; f. ofi AIs a conventional unit cost function;is a CHP unit electricity/heat operation cost function;andis a conventional and upper/lower standby cost function of the CHP unit; f. ofi wWind power wind abandon penalty function;
the cost function of a conventional unit is shown as follows:
wherein, ai，bi，ciThe coefficients are a quadratic term coefficient, a primary term coefficient and a conventional term coefficient of the power generation cost respectively;
the electricity/heat operating cost function of the CHP plant is shown as follows:
wherein, muc、All are each cost coefficient;
the wind power penalty cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, deltaiA wind power penalty coefficient;
the spare cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, βiAnd the cost coefficient is the spare cost coefficient of the unit.
In the step 3, the relevant constraint conditions of the power system and the thermodynamic system comprise power system constraint conditions, thermodynamic system constraint conditions and a CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy.
The power system constraints include:
and power balance constraint:
in the formula, ΨDAs a set of loads, di,tIs the load demand;
and (3) conventional unit operation constraint:
CHP unit operation restraint:
coupling constraint of the CHP unit and the thermodynamic system:
wherein, the formulas (67) to (68) are the electric heating scheduling operation interval constraints of the extraction type CHP unit; equations (69) to (70) are the relationship between the frequency modulation flexibility standby of the extraction type CHP unit and the hot standby of the CHP unit, namely the extraction regulation function;the electric heat conversion coefficient is adjusted for steam extraction; it is worth noting that the steam extraction technology is to use the steam used for thermal output in power generation, so that the hot standby and frequency modulation standby of the CHP unit are in an opposite relationship;
wind power plant operation constraint:
power system frequency modulation flexibility backup demand constraints:
wherein:andthe upper standby and the lower standby are respectively used for the frequency modulation flexibility of the power system of the system. Electric power system network security constraint:
wherein: l isl,tFor line power, as shown in the following formula (75), Gl-Is an allocation factor.
The thermodynamic system thermodynamic equilibrium constraint:
the thermodynamic equilibrium constraint comprises a heat exchange head station equilibrium equation (76), a building radiator equilibrium equation (77) and heat supply network temperature equations (78) - (79) which are connected with the CHP unit.
In the formula,dispatching heat output of the CHP unit; h isi,tThe thermal load of the thermal load node i at the moment t;andthe water supply temperature and the water return temperature of the heat source exchange node;andthe inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the heat load radiator; representing a CHP unit set connected with a heat supply network node j;andwater flow rates of HES and HS, respectively; c is the specific heat capacity of water; omegaHSIndicating the number of heat source exchange stations connected with the CHP unit; omegaHESThe number of the building heat load nodes is the number; gamma rayjiIs the propagation delay constant between the heat source to the heat load; lambda [ alpha ]jiTemperature transfer factor for water delivery node j to heat load inflow node i ηijA transfer factor of the heat exchange node i to the return water temperature j of the heat source is obtained according to the topological structures of the heat source and the heat load by the water flow rate of the water supply pipeline;
and (3) heat output operation constraint of the CHP unit:
wherein,andis a non-negative variable.
Temperature safety constraint of heat supply network operation:
whereinAre all non-negative variables.
The CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
and (3) a hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy on the CHP unit:
the formulas (89) to (91) are the CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy equations, whereinIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (92) - (93) are building hot standby constraint equations, equation (92) is building hot standby and hot standby change rate constraint in the operation time period, and equation (93) is total standby adjustment capacity constraint in the hot standby full operation time period;
the hot standby under the CHP unit and the building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
the formulas (94) to (96) are CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy equations, whereinIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of the hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (97) - (98) are building hot spare constraint equations, equation (97) is building hot spare and hot spare change rate constraint in the operating period, and equation (98) is total spare adjustment capacity constraint in the hot spare full operating period.
The present embodiment establishes an electric heat integration system as shown in fig. 1. The systems are connected by a steam extraction type CHP unit. The CHP unit operation parameters are shown in table 1 below, and daily load demand curves of the power system and the thermal system are set according to the general residential use rule as shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 1 CHP Unit parameters
In order to study the influence of CHP unit frequency modulation capability on an electric system and a thermal system and verify the effectiveness of the method, the method provides two different conditions:
1) the electric and thermal systems in the traditional 'electricity by heat' mode are independently scheduled to be used as a reference condition.
2) And (4) considering the electric heating coordination scheduling of the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit. The electric heat coordinated scheduling provided herein takes into account the CHP unit frequency modulation capability based on building thermal backup in the scheduling.
And (3) comparing and analyzing the output characteristics of the units:
the respective unit output characteristic curves for both cases are shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3(a), in the conventional mode, the fluctuation range of the actual output value of the thermal power unit is very limited, and it can be known from fig. 3(c) that, during the peak period of the power load, a large amount of output of the CHP unit is required to ensure the power balance, which illustrates that in case 1, due to the severe shortage of the frequency modulation backup of the power system, the thermal power unit that has the main frequency modulation backup capability of the system needs to reserve enough up-down backup.
Comparing fig. 3(b), after considering the CHP unit frequency modulation capability based on the building hot standby, the total output variation trend of the thermal power unit approximately follows the load curve, and meanwhile, in fig. 3(c), the output of the CHP unit at the peak time is obviously reduced, which shows that in this state, the CHP unit frequency modulation capability brought by the building hot standby greatly improves the phenomenon of system frequency modulation standby shortage.
Analyzing the frequency modulation capability characteristic of the CHP unit:
the CHP unit frequency modulation reserve is from the coordination of the building hot reserve, and the figure 4 shows the modulation amount of the building upper hot reserve and the building lower hot reserve at each time interval, and the reserve ensures that the CHP unit can eliminate the influence on a thermodynamic system when releasing the frequency modulation capacity.
Fig. 5 shows the composition of the frequency modulation standby requirement of the power system, wherein the standby under the frequency modulation obtained by the steam extraction CHP set can bear part of the frequency modulation standby requirement of the power system in each time period, and the part can respond to an AGC control instruction, so as to suppress the random fluctuation of wind power. Therefore, the electric-heat combined scheduling method based on heat storage of the heat supply network building and considering the frequency modulation capacity of the CHP unit can schedule and arrange the frequency modulation of the CHP unit for standby in advance, and provides a prerequisite for the CHP unit to respond to AGC control.
And (3) comparing and analyzing the abandoned wind consumption and the system cost of the wind turbine generator:
fig. 6 shows the output characteristics of the wind turbine generator in two cases, and fig. 7 shows the wind curtailment quantities of the wind turbine generator in two cases.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the air loss amounts are larger in the periods 1 to 5 and 21 to 24, and the air loss amount is larger in some periods in case 1 than in case 2. The fundamental reason for this is that, firstly, a high proportion of wind turbines temporarily do not have controllable spare capacity, which leads to a shortage of the frequency modulation spare capacity of the system, so that it is necessary to give up part of the wind power output and instead use thermal power plants with frequency modulation spare capacity or CHP plants taking into account the thermal spare of the building as output, in order to alleviate this phenomenon. Secondly, considering that the electric heating coordinated scheduling of the building hot standby can offset the wind power curtailment problem caused by the above reasons to a certain extent (56.50%), as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of wind curtailment conditions in two cases
The cost of each item in the system operation is considered in the calculation, and the cost comprises the cost of a thermal power generating unit, the cost of electric heating of a CHP unit, the cost of punishment of abandoned wind and the cost of standby of the CHP unit (under the condition 2). The specific calculation results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparative analysis of costs
In table 3, the combined system total cost savings is 20.34% after considering the building hot spare.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for excavating frequency modulation capacity of an extraction type cogeneration unit based on building thermal inertia is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: aiming at an electric heating combined system comprising a CHP unit, collecting operation parameters of the combined system;
step 2: building hot standby measurement indexes for excavating frequency modulation capability of the extraction type CHP unit are established;
and step 3: establishing an electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model for excavating the frequency modulation capability of the CHP unit;
step 3.1: defining operating variables in the combined heat and power system;
step 3.2: constructing an electric heating combined system operation objective function by taking the optimal whole network operation cost as a target;
step 3.3: constructing related constraint conditions of a power system and a thermodynamic system;
and 4, step 4: solving the electric heating combined system decomposition coordination scheduling model established in the step 3 to obtain values of various operation variables under the condition of optimal objective function;
and 5: analyzing the frequency modulation capability mining effect of the electric-heat combined system based on the thermal inertia of the building according to the solving result obtained in the step 4;
wherein: CHP is short for extraction type cogeneration; the CHP unit is a short for extraction type cogeneration unit.
2. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the operation parameters of the combined system in the step 1 comprise operation characteristic parameters of a power system, operation characteristic parameters of a thermodynamic system and relevant operation parameters of a CHP unit;
the power system operating characteristic parameters include: the method comprises the following steps that node parameters, branch parameters, generator set parameters, unit cost parameters, load parameters and flexibility of the power system are reserved;
the thermodynamic system operating characteristic parameters comprise: heat supply network pipe section parameters, heat supply network node parameters and thermal load parameters;
the relevant operation parameters of the CHP unit comprise: the power consumption control method comprises the following steps of CHP unit heat-to-electricity parameters, CHP unit power regulation and control limits, CHP unit electricity (heat) fuel consumption and maximum fuel consumption.
3. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 2, the building hot standby measurement index is defined by parameters To represent; wherein Δ hi,maxRepresents the maximum rate of change of the building hot spare per unit time, and is calculated by the formula:
Δhi,max＝qVΔTn(1)
in the formula: q (w/m)2DEG C) is an index of heat consumption of a heating area of a building, namely, each 1m of the building2Heat consumption of a building area when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is 1 ℃; v (m)2) Heat supply area for the building; delta TnThe amount of change of the indoor temperature on the basis of the specified temperature;
the maximum heat reserve capacity of a building on the premise of satisfying the comfort of indoor temperature is shown, and the value can be obtained through experiments.
4. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3.1, the defining the operation variables in the combined heat and power system comprises:
output variable of conventional thermal power generating unitFrequency modulation standby of conventional thermal power generating unit(ready for use),(next standby); electric output variable of CHP unitVariation of heat outputFrequency modulated standby(ready for use),(lower standby), hot standby(ready for use),(next standby);
operating output of wind farm
Temperature operation variable of heat supply network systemNamely the water supply temperature of the heat source exchange node,The return water temperature of the heat source exchange node,The outlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The inlet temperature of the heat load radiator,The water supply temperature variation of the heat supply initial station node j caused by the hot standby,the water supply temperature variation of the heat supply initial station node j caused by lower heat standby,in order for the inlet temperature of the heat sink to increase by an amount,is the amount of inlet temperature reduction of the heat sink; heat reserve variable of building(ready for use),(for later use).
5. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3.2, the operation objective function formula of the electric heating combined system is as follows:
wherein T is scheduling time; Ψw、ΨCAnd ΨARespectively a wind power plant, a CHP unit and a conventional unit set; f. ofi AIs a conventional unit cost function;is a CHP unit electricity/heat operation cost function;andis a conventional and CHP unitUp/down spare cost function; f. ofi wWind power wind abandon penalty function;
the cost function of a conventional unit is shown as follows:
wherein, ai，bi，ciThe coefficients are a quadratic term coefficient, a primary term coefficient and a conventional term coefficient of the power generation cost respectively;
the electricity/heat operating cost function of the CHP plant is shown as follows:
wherein, muc、All are each cost coefficient;
the wind power penalty cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, deltaiA wind power penalty coefficient;
the spare cost function is shown as follows:
wherein, βiAnd the cost coefficient is the spare cost coefficient of the unit.
6. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3, the relevant constraint conditions of the power system and the thermodynamic system comprise power system constraint conditions, thermodynamic system constraint conditions and a CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy.
7. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the power system constraints include:
and power balance constraint:
in the formula, ΨDAs a set of loads, di,tIs the load demand;
and (3) conventional unit operation constraint:
CHP unit operation restraint:
coupling constraint of the CHP unit and the thermodynamic system:
wherein, the formulas (18) to (19) are the electric heating scheduling operation interval constraints of the extraction type CHP unit; equations (20) - (21) are the relationship between the frequency modulation flexibility standby of the extraction type CHP unit and the hot standby of the CHP unit, namely the extraction regulation function;the electric heat conversion coefficient is adjusted for steam extraction; it is worth noting that the steam extraction technology is to use the steam used for thermal output in power generation, so that the hot standby and frequency modulation standby of the CHP unit are in an opposite relationship;
wind power plant operation constraint:
power system frequency modulation flexibility backup demand constraints:
wherein:andthe upper standby and the lower standby are respectively used for the frequency modulation flexibility of the power system of the system. Electric power system network security constraint:
wherein: l isl,tFor line power, as shown in the following formula (26), Gl-Is an allocation factor.
。
8. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thermodynamic system thermodynamic equilibrium constraint:
the thermodynamic equilibrium constraint comprises heat exchange initial station equilibrium equations (27), building radiator equilibrium equations (28) and heat supply network temperature equations (29) - (30) connected with the CHP unit.
In the formula,dispatching heat output of the CHP unit; h isi,tThe thermal load of the thermal load node i at the moment t;andthe water supply temperature and the water return temperature of the heat source exchange node;andthe inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the heat load radiator; representing a CHP unit set connected with a heat supply network node j;andwater quality of HES and HS respectivelyA flow rate; c is the specific heat capacity of water; omegaHSIndicating the number of heat source exchange stations connected with the CHP unit; omegaHESThe number of the building heat load nodes is the number; gamma rayjiIs the propagation delay constant between the heat source to the heat load; lambda [ alpha ]jiTemperature transfer factor for water delivery node j to heat load inflow node i ηijA transfer factor of the heat exchange node i to the return water temperature j of the heat source is obtained according to the topological structures of the heat source and the heat load by the water flow rate of the water supply pipeline;
and (3) heat output operation constraint of the CHP unit:
wherein,andis a non-negative variable.
Temperature safety constraint of heat supply network operation:
whereinAre all non-negative variables.
9. The excavation method for the frequency modulation capacity of the extraction type cogeneration unit based on the thermal inertia of the building according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
and (3) a hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategy on the CHP unit:
formulas (40) - (42) are CHP unit hot standby and building hot standby coordination strategyIn whichIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (43) to (44) are a constraint equation of the thermal reserve of the building, equation (43) is a constraint of the change rate of the thermal reserve in the thermal reserve and operation period of the building, and equation (44) is a constraint of the total reserve adjustment capacity in the full operation period of the thermal reserve;
the hot standby under the CHP unit and the building hot standby coordination strategy comprises the following steps:
the formulas (45) to (47) are the coordination strategy equation of the CHP unit hot standby and the building hot standbyWhereinIndicating that the CHP unit is hot standby,showing the temperature change of water supply of the heating initial station node j caused by the upper hot standby,is the inlet temperature variation of the heat sink;coordinating the coordination amount of the hot standby release on the CHP unit for building hot standby; equations (48) - (49) are the building hot spare constraint equations, equation (48) is the hot spare change rate constraint during the building hot spare and operating periods, and equation (49) is the total spare capacity constraint during the hot spare full operating period.
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