CN109000837B - Method for monitoring interface stress between hot-press curing composite material part and mould - Google Patents
Method for monitoring interface stress between hot-press curing composite material part and mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN109000837B CN109000837B CN201810437824.3A CN201810437824A CN109000837B CN 109000837 B CN109000837 B CN 109000837B CN 201810437824 A CN201810437824 A CN 201810437824A CN 109000837 B CN109000837 B CN 109000837B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 37
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/002—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种热压固化复合材料制件与模具界面应力监测方法，所述监测方法包括使用一种界面应力监测系统进行监测，所述系统包括复合材料支撑板、设置在支撑板上待进行热压固化处理的复合材料制件、设置在复合材料制件上方的数据采集薄片以及固定设置在数据采集薄片上表面的应变片，所述数据采集薄片的厚度为0.4mm以下，所述数据采集薄片的周边尺寸大小与所述复合材料制件的周边尺寸大小相同或二者周边尺寸差别均不超过±0.5mm；在使用所述系统检测到应变数据后，将该应变数据与数据采集薄片所用材料的弹性模量数据相乘即得到所述复合材料制件与模具的界面应力。本发明可由模具材料的弹性模量和测得的应变计算出界面剪应力，具有可操作性。
The present invention provides a method for monitoring the interface stress between a hot-pressing cured composite material part and a mold. The monitoring method includes using an interface stress monitoring system for monitoring. A composite material part subjected to hot pressing and curing, a data acquisition sheet disposed above the composite material part, and a strain gauge fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the data acquisition sheet, the thickness of the data acquisition sheet being 0.4 mm or less, the data acquisition sheet The peripheral dimension of the sheet is the same as the peripheral dimension of the composite material, or the difference between the two peripheral dimensions does not exceed ±0.5mm; after the strain data is detected by the system, the strain data is used with the data collection sheet for use The interfacial stress between the composite material part and the mold is obtained by multiplying the elastic modulus data of the material. The invention can calculate the interface shear stress from the elastic modulus of the mold material and the measured strain, and has operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite material preparation by hot-pressing curing, in particular to an online monitoring method for interface stress between a composite material workpiece and a mold in the preparation process of a hot-pressing curing composite material.
Background
The resin-based composite material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like due to excellent performance. The autoclave molding process (thermocompression curing preparation) is widely applied to the molding and manufacturing of resin-based composite materials. However, the deformation of the composite material product after demoulding is serious, which affects the forming precision, and the factors affecting the deformation of the product can be roughly divided into: the last factor, of particular concern, is the uneven cure shrinkage, the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the resin and carbon fibers, and the residual stresses caused by the interaction of the mold and the part, cause distortion of the part. However, at present, few studies are made at home and abroad on the interaction between the mold and the workpiece in the whole curing process. The use of fiber optic methods to detect stress has been reported, and specifically, the use of fiber optic embedded at the interface between the composite part and the mold during the preparation of hot-press cured composites. For example, patent application 201611117838.4 provides a method for monitoring internal stress of a spacecraft composite structure during aging, and patent application CN201611146925.2 provides a device and method for monitoring fiber composite material during hot-pressing, curing and deformation. But the optical fiber method is difficult to detect the stress data on line. In addition, there is also a report of monitoring stress data using a strain gauge, which is an element for measuring strain composed of a sensitive grid or the like. The working principle of the resistance strain gauge is based on the strain effect, namely, when a conductor or a semiconductor material generates mechanical deformation under the action of external force, the resistance value of the conductor or the semiconductor material correspondingly changes, and the phenomenon is called as the strain effect. For example, patent application CN201610128916.4 provides a method for monitoring the interaction of a composite material with a mold during curing. In the invention, a plurality of grooves are distributed on the surface of a die contacted with a composite material, strain sensors are embedded in the grooves, and two ends of a measuring area of each sensor are fixed with the die. And converting the strain signal measured by the sensor into a stress value between the composite material and the mold, thereby realizing the monitoring of the interaction force between the composite material and the mold in the curing process. The invention realizes the effective monitoring of the interaction force between the composite material and the mould in the curing process and provides technical support for the prediction and control of the curing deformation of the composite material. The strain sensor in the method is a fiber grating sensor, a metal strain gauge or other types of strain sensors. However, the method has at least the following disadvantages:
1) in the method, the groove needs to be sealed after the sensor is embedded, so that the contact state of the interface between the die and the composite material can be changed, and the authenticity of the measurement of the stress of the interface is influenced;
2) the stress state at the groove on the die may not be the same as that at other places, so the method may affect the authenticity of the interface stress test;
3) for some materials, the difficulty of grooving of the die is high, and the operation difficulty is high, for example, the die is made of a resin matrix composite material, and fibers in the groove are difficult to remove when a fine groove is processed according to the method, so that the authenticity of an interface stress test is further influenced;
4) in the method, if the optical fiber is used as a sensor, the optical fiber is bent when being led out of the groove, and great influence is caused on measurement.
Therefore, the method has the problem that whether the measured data can truly reflect the interface stress between the die and the composite material part or not, and meanwhile, the operability of the method is poor. Therefore, there is still a need in the art to develop a new system and method for monitoring the interfacial stress between a composite material part and a mold during the preparation of a hot-press curing resin-based composite material, so as to accurately study the interfacial stress and prevent the composite material part from being seriously deformed after demolding.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention firstly provides a method for monitoring the interface stress of a hot-press curing composite material part and a mould, which comprises the steps of monitoring by using an interface stress monitoring system, wherein the system comprises a composite material supporting plate, the composite material part to be subjected to hot-press curing treatment arranged on the supporting plate, a data acquisition sheet arranged above the composite material part and a strain gauge fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the data acquisition sheet, the thickness of the data acquisition sheet is less than 0.4mm, and the peripheral size of the data acquisition sheet is the same as that of the composite material part or the peripheral size difference of the data acquisition sheet and the composite material part is not more than +/-0.5 mm; after the system is used for detecting the strain data, multiplying the strain data by the elastic modulus data of the material used by the data acquisition sheet to obtain the interface stress of the composite material part and the die.
In a specific embodiment, the material of the data acquisition sheet is consistent with that of a forming die for hot-pressing and curing a resin-based composite material, and preferably, the material of the data acquisition sheet is one of aluminum, steel or a cured resin-based composite material.
In the molding process of the resin-based composite material hot-pressing solidification, the thickness of the used mold is very thick relative to the data acquisition sheet.
In a specific embodiment, the material of the composite material support plate is the same as the material of the composite material part after curing, the support plate is smooth, the roughness Ra of the support plate is less than or equal to 1.6 μm, and the surface of the support plate is coated with a release agent or release cloth. This is provided to ensure that the support plate and the cured article have the same or similar coefficients of thermal expansion. The support plate is an essential part of the system of the invention and serves to keep the article from bending during curing in the system. When a thick forming die is used for vacuum hot-pressing to produce a composite material part, the supporting plate is not needed, because the size of the part to be formed is smaller than the size of the die for supporting the part in the production process, and the part of the die with the size larger than the rest of the size of the part can play the role of the supporting plate 11 in the invention.
In a specific implementation mode, the system comprises a strain acquisition device for online strain measurement, wherein the strain acquisition device comprises the strain gauge, and a strain gauge lead, a dynamic strain acquisition instrument, a connecting wire and a strain acquisition display which are sequentially connected. In the invention, the strain acquisition device comprising the strain gauge, the strain gauge lead, the dynamic strain acquisition instrument, the connecting wire and the strain acquisition display can be obtained by commercial purchase. The dynamic strain acquisition instrument uses a DS-NET dynamic data acquisition instrument.
In a specific embodiment, the system further comprises an autoclave, and the composite material support plate, the composite material part, the data acquisition sheet and the strain gauge are all arranged in the autoclave.
In a specific embodiment, the system further comprises a thermocouple arranged in the autoclave, wherein the thermocouple is arranged above the data acquisition sheet and is close to or closely attached to the strain gauge.
In a specific embodiment, the strain gauge is fixed on the data acquisition sheet by high-temperature resistant glue.
In the present invention, the strain gauge is adhered to the data acquisition sheet 10 by using a high temperature resistant adhesive, which is commercially available and is required to withstand the temperature of the thermosetting composite material in the autoclave. The strain gauge is made of a high polymer material, so that the strain gauge cannot be welded on the data acquisition sheet, and besides the adhesion fixation, the strain gauge and the data acquisition sheet can be fixed in other forms, such as a lock catch type, but the adhesion mode is preferably used.
In a specific embodiment, the peripheral dimension of the data acquisition sheet differs from the peripheral dimension of the composite article by no more than ± 0.2 mm.
In a specific embodiment, the data acquisition sheet 10 has a thickness of 0.3mm or less.
In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the composite material part to be subjected to the hot-press curing treatment, which is arranged on the support plate, is more than 0.5mm, and preferably the thickness of the part is 0.7-2 mm.
The invention also correspondingly provides a system for monitoring the interface stress of the hot-press curing composite material part and the die, which comprises a composite material supporting plate, the composite material part to be subjected to hot-press curing treatment arranged on the supporting plate, a data acquisition sheet arranged above the composite material part and a strain gauge fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the data acquisition sheet, wherein the thickness of the data acquisition sheet is less than 0.4mm, and the peripheral size of the data acquisition sheet is the same as that of the composite material part or the peripheral size difference of the data acquisition sheet and the composite material part is not more than +/-0.5 mm.
In the invention, the hot-press curing composite material is a resin-based composite material, specifically, for example, a resin and carbon fiber composite material, or a resin and glass fiber composite material. The mould is, for example, an aluminum mould, a steel mould or a resin matrix composite mould after curing and forming. In the invention, the strain gauge is obtained by purchasing, and the strain gauge used in the embodiment of the invention is a medium-temperature strain gauge resistant to 180 ℃. In the invention, the strain gauge wire is also purchased in a matching way and can also resist the temperature of 180 ℃ and above.
If the strain gauge is clamped between a workpiece positioned above and a die (the thickness of the die is generally 8-20 mm) positioned below in the process of preparing the resin-based composite material by normal hot-pressing curing, the strain gauge cannot detect data in the complex physical and chemical change process because the workpiece needs to pass through viscous state, gel state, glassy state and the like in the curing process. Therefore, it is generally difficult for those skilled in the art to use a strain gauge to detect the stress between the mold and the interface during the preparation of resin-based composite materials by thermocompression curing. In the present invention, however, the strain of the interaction between the part and the mold is indirectly measured using a data acquisition sheet 10 having a small thickness.
A composite product-mold interface stress testing system is constructed based on the force balance and equivalence principle, and the strain change rule of the interaction interface of the composite product and the mold in the curing process is obtained. The method is based on the following two assumptions: 1) it is assumed that the aluminum sheet (data acquisition sheet) does not bend throughout the curing process. 2) There is no stress gradient in the thickness direction of the aluminum sheet. In fact, in the system of the present invention, as for point 1), since the aluminum sheet and the manufactured part are closely attached to the composite material support plate under the high pressure environment, the bending phenomenon does not occur; thus the assumption is true. For the point 2), since the thickness of the aluminum sheet is very small, there is no stress gradient in the thickness direction of the aluminum sheet, i.e., the stress states or stress states of the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum sheet are uniform, and thus the assumption is also made.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in order to avoid bending of the composite material part after curing and molding, it is necessary to know the interfacial stress between the mold for curing and molding and the part, and since the stress is strain × elastic modulus and only the strain data can be measured, the elastic modulus of the data acquisition sheet (aluminum sheet) can be used in the present invention, which is a constant, so that the interfacial stress data can be successfully obtained. However, if the strain gauge is directly attached to the interface between the composite material part and the mold to measure the strain, in such a conventional method, the elastic modulus of the composite material part needs to be measured, and due to the complexity of the components of the composite material and the complexity of the state during the molding process, the elastic modulus data is difficult to be measured by a test means, so that even after the strain value is measured by directly attaching the strain gauge to the interface between the part and the mold, the data of the interface stress is difficult to be obtained.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention skillfully monitors the interaction between the die and the composite material part by utilizing the strain gauge and the data acquisition sheet which are rigidly connected and other parts, and easily measures the interaction force between the die and the part which is difficult to measure originally.
2. The system and the method do not need to measure physical parameters such as the elastic modulus of the composite material, can calculate the interface shear stress according to the parameters such as the elastic modulus of the die material (namely the material used by the data acquisition sheet, such as aluminum material), and have operability.
3. The system and method are applicable to monitoring die-part interaction under all materials of dies (such as aluminum, steel or formed composite materials).
4. The invention realizes the real-time monitoring of the acting strain of the interface of the die and the workpiece and provides a theoretical basis for deeply analyzing the curing deformation of the large-scale composite material member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a main view angle structure of a part of the system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring the strain in the mold-composite article interaction using the system of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-autoclave, 2-thermocouple, 3-autoclave preformed hole, 4-temperature acquisition instrument, 5-strain acquisition display, 6-connecting wire, 7-dynamic strain acquisition instrument, 8-strain gauge wire, 9-strain gauge, 10-data acquisition slice, 11-composite material support plate and 12-composite material finished piece.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a system for monitoring interfacial stress between a hot-press curing composite material part and a mold, the system comprises a composite material support plate 11, a composite material part 12 arranged on the support plate and to be subjected to hot-press curing, a data acquisition sheet 10 (aluminum sheet) arranged above the composite material part, and a strain gauge 9 fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the data acquisition sheet, wherein the thickness of the data acquisition sheet 10 is less than or equal to 0.4mm, and the peripheral dimension of the data acquisition sheet is the same as the peripheral dimension of the composite material part or the peripheral dimension difference between the data acquisition sheet and the composite material part is not more than ± 0.5 mm.
The invention also provides a monitoring method for the interface stress between the hot-press cured composite material part and the mould, which comprises the steps of monitoring by using an interface stress monitoring system, wherein the system structure is as described above; after the system is used for detecting the strain data, multiplying the strain data by the elastic modulus data of the material used by the data acquisition sheet to obtain the interface stress of the composite material part and the die.
In the present invention, the object 12 is disposed below the data acquisition sheet 10, the strain gauge is disposed above the data acquisition sheet 10, and there is no stress gradient between above and below the data acquisition sheet 10. The thermocouple 2 is disposed above the data acquisition sheet 10 for detecting the temperature in the vicinity of the strain gauge 9. In the present invention, the data acquisition sheet 10 is the same size or similar to the part 12, and if the data acquisition sheet 10 is significantly smaller than the part, the high pressure in the autoclave will tend to force the data acquisition sheet 10 into the part when the part is in the viscous state. If the data acquisition wafer 10 is significantly larger than the part, the data acquisition wafer 10 may buckle under the high pressure conditions in the autoclave such that its circumference curves down and the middle arches, making the detected stress data inaccurate. Therefore, both cases do not accurately reflect the actual strain at the interface. In the on-line monitoring system of the present invention, it is ensured that neither the workpiece nor the data acquisition sheet 10 is bent during the measurement. The data acquisition sheet 10 can be a flat sheet or a bent sheet with a radian, and in fact most of resin matrix composite material product products subjected to hot pressing curing have a certain radian. The on-line monitoring system of the invention can ensure that: 1) the data acquisition sheet 10 does not bend throughout the curing of the test article so that the values measured by the strain gauge always reflect the true values. 2) The upper and lower stress of the data acquisition sheet 10 is consistent, and the data of the interface stress between the die and the workpiece, which is indirectly measured by the strain gauge, is accurate.
In a specific embodiment, the length of the strain gauge is 5mm, the width of the strain gauge is 3mm, the thickness of the strain gauge is 0.2-0.3 mm, the length of the test piece 12 and the width of the data acquisition sheet 10 are both 200mm and 50mm, the thickness of the data acquisition sheet 10 is 0.25mm, and the thickness of the test piece is about 1 mm. It can be seen from the above description that the shape and size of the test pieces used in the present invention are not the same as those of the conventionally prepared thermocompression-cured composite product.
The results of strain measurements for examining the mold-part interaction during the curing and molding process of resin-based composite materials using the system of the present invention are shown in FIG. 3.
In the present invention, evacuation is a necessary condition for curing the article. The right ordinate strain value in FIG. 3 has a unit of 10-6The positive number indicates tensile strain, and the negative number indicates compressive strain. The figure is divided into five stages of I, II, III, IV and V according to strain.
In the stage I, the uncured glass state (i.e., shaped like plasticine) piece softens during the heating process, and is tightly attached to the data acquisition sheet 10 (aluminum sheet), and the data acquisition sheet 10 also expands and is tightly contacted with the piece when the temperature rises, but the influence is not great. In stage I, the strain is tensile, which indicates that the expansion of the data acquisition sheet (aluminum sheet) is larger than that of the product.
In the stage II, the workpiece is in a viscous state (similar to a liquid state), the influence of the data acquisition sheet (aluminum sheet) on the workpiece is small, and the strain tends to be zero.
In phase III, the initial phase strain state changes greatly. In stage III, the composite material part is transformed from a gel state to a rubber state, and the data acquisition sheet is tightly bonded with the composite material part.
In the IV stage, along with the temperature reduction, an adhesive shearing force is generated between the data acquisition sheet and the composite material workpiece, and the strain change state is the largest;
in the stage V, the data acquisition sheet slides relative to the composite material part, a constant sliding shearing force exists, and the strain is basically constant.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN201810437824.3A CN109000837B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Method for monitoring interface stress between hot-press curing composite material part and mould |
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| CN201810437824.3A CN109000837B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Method for monitoring interface stress between hot-press curing composite material part and mould |
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| CN114088026B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏奥琳斯邦装备科技股份有限公司 | Hot-pressing curing device and curing method for strain measurement |
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