CN109009228A - A method of poultry abdominal fat content is measured using ultrasonic technology - Google Patents
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- 210000000579 abdominal fat Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003555 cloaca Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001562 sternum Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004317 gizzard Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001635598 Enicostema Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010027626 Milia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012248 genetic selection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种采用超声波技术测定家禽腹部脂肪含量的方法：选定个体称重并消毒，清除腹部测定区域羽毛，超声波仪器测定并采集图像数据，分析数据，建立回归方程计算鸡腹脂重。本发明利用超声波穿透成像技术，准确有效的采集家禽腹部脂肪的图像数据，能有效解决家禽腹部脂肪含量活体测定问题。本发明还能动态观察家禽个体腹脂沉积的变化规律。本发明满足了科研、育种实践需求，大大降低腹脂含量的测定成本。
The invention relates to a method for measuring the abdominal fat content of poultry by using ultrasonic technology: selecting individuals to weigh and disinfect, removing the feathers in the abdomen measuring area, measuring and collecting image data with an ultrasonic instrument, analyzing the data, and establishing a regression equation to calculate the belly fat weight of chickens. The invention utilizes the ultrasonic penetrating imaging technology to accurately and effectively collect the image data of the abdominal fat of the poultry, and can effectively solve the problem of in vivo determination of the abdominal fat content of the poultry. The invention can also dynamically observe the changing law of the abdominal fat deposition of poultry individuals. The invention satisfies the needs of scientific research and breeding practice, and greatly reduces the cost of determining the abdominal fat content.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种采用超声波技术测定家禽腹部脂肪含量的方法，可供有意从事家禽育种及养殖的企业和科研院所使用。The invention relates to a method for measuring abdominal fat content of poultry by using ultrasonic technology, which can be used by enterprises and scientific research institutes interested in poultry breeding and breeding.
背景技术Background technique
鸡腹脂沉积过多，不仅降低了饲料转化率，而且影响种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋的受精率、孵化率，并增加了脂肪肝的发病率，加大了产蛋期死淘率。鸡体脂沉积过多一直受到国内外学者的广泛关注。鸡的腹部脂肪沉积及脂质代谢的机理探究是家禽学的热点问题。近年来科研工作者在遗传、营养、免疫和环境控制等方面开展了广泛的研究；大量的研究表明，通过遗传手段，培育腹脂沉积少的品种是解决该问题的有效手段。目前遗传选择的遗传标记包括饲料效率、腹脂重(率)、体脂性状等。从现有的研究结果看，通过对腹脂重(率)性状的直接选择，其选择效果最好，但该方法需要对鸡进行屠宰测定，工作量大，成本高，而且优秀个体不能选留下来。Pym和Thompson设计了一种用于活体测量腹部厚度的卡尺，测得腹脂百分率和腹部厚度的相关为0.8。Sonaiya和Benyi认为用腹部厚度预测体脂含量是一种简单、快速、投资少的方法。Mirosh和Becker研究表明公仔鸡腹部厚度与腹脂含量间的相关为0.54，并认为腹部厚度能反映腹脂含量(Mirosh等，1984)。但Gyles等却认为腹部厚度不能作为腹脂含量的度量指标，Whitehead和Griffin在研究时发现，日粮性质影响这种预测方法的准确性。由上述结果可知尽管该方法简单易行，但准确度不高，而且操作者需要事先经过训练，在大规模商业育种中难以采用。因此，在家禽育种中需要一种能够不需要屠宰家禽，且能准确测定腹脂的方法来进行家禽个体腹脂含量的测定。本发明利用超声波穿透成像的功能，成功建立了一种采用超声波技术测定家禽腹部脂肪含量的方法。该方法不需屠宰家禽，大大降低测定成本和屠宰工作量，腹脂含量测定结果准确。我国大部分科研试验和育种实践中，采用屠宰法测定腹部脂肪含量，屠宰测定工作量大，成本高，且优秀个体不能留作种用。Excessive abdominal fat deposition in chickens not only reduces the feed conversion rate, but also affects the laying performance of breeders, the fertilization rate and hatchability of breeder eggs, increases the incidence of fatty liver, and increases the death rate during laying period. Excessive body fat deposition in chickens has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. The mechanism of abdominal fat deposition and lipid metabolism in chickens is a hot issue in poultry science. In recent years, scientific researchers have carried out extensive research on genetics, nutrition, immunity and environmental control. A large number of studies have shown that cultivating varieties with less abdominal fat deposition through genetic means is an effective means to solve this problem. Genetic markers for genetic selection include feed efficiency, abdominal fat weight (rate), and body fat traits. According to the existing research results, the selection effect is the best through the direct selection of the abdominal fat weight (rate) trait, but this method needs to slaughter the chickens, which requires a lot of work and high cost, and excellent individuals cannot be selected and retained. down. Pym and Thompson designed a caliper for measuring abdominal thickness in vivo, and the correlation between abdominal fat percentage and abdominal thickness was 0.8. Sonaiya and Benyi believe that using abdominal thickness to predict body fat content is a simple, fast, and low-investment method. Mirosh and Becker's research showed that the correlation between the thickness of the male chicken's abdomen and the abdominal fat content was 0.54, and it was believed that the abdominal thickness could reflect the abdominal fat content (Mirosh et al., 1984). However, Gyles et al. believed that the thickness of the abdomen could not be used as a measure of abdominal fat content. Whitehead and Griffin found that the nature of the diet affected the accuracy of this prediction method during their research. It can be seen from the above results that although this method is simple and easy to implement, its accuracy is not high, and operators need to be trained in advance, so it is difficult to use in large-scale commercial breeding. Therefore, in poultry breeding, there is a need for a method that can accurately measure abdominal fat without slaughtering poultry to measure the abdominal fat content of individual poultry. The invention utilizes the function of ultrasonic penetration imaging to successfully establish a method for measuring the abdominal fat content of poultry using ultrasonic technology. The method does not need to slaughter poultry, greatly reduces the determination cost and slaughter workload, and the determination result of the abdominal fat content is accurate. In most scientific research experiments and breeding practices in China, the slaughter method is used to measure the abdominal fat content, which requires a lot of workload and high cost, and excellent individuals cannot be reserved for seed use.
发明目的purpose of invention
本发明的目的是提供一种采用超声波技术测定家禽腹部脂肪含量的方法，本发明利用超声波穿透成像技术，准确有效的采集家禽腹部脂肪的图像数据，能有效解决家禽腹部脂肪含量活体测定问题。本发明还能动态观察家禽个体腹脂沉积的变化规律。本发明满足了科研、育种实践需求，大大降低腹脂含量的测定成本。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the abdominal fat content of poultry using ultrasonic technology. The present invention uses ultrasonic penetration imaging technology to accurately and effectively collect image data of the abdominal fat of poultry, which can effectively solve the problem of in vivo determination of the abdominal fat content of poultry. The invention can also dynamically observe the changing law of the abdominal fat deposition of poultry individuals. The invention meets the needs of scientific research and breeding practice, and greatly reduces the cost of determining the abdominal fat content.
本发明的目的是是通过以下技术方案实现的，一种采用超声波技术测定家禽腹部脂肪含量的方法：选定个体称重并消毒，清除腹部测定区域羽毛，超声波仪器测定并采集图像数据，分析数据，建立回归方程计算鸡腹脂重；具体为：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, a method for measuring the belly fat content of poultry using ultrasonic technology: select individuals to weigh and sterilize, remove the feathers in the abdomen measurement area, measure and collect image data with ultrasonic instruments, and analyze the data , establish a regression equation to calculate the chicken belly fat weight; specifically:
1)选定个体称重并消毒：对待测个体进行观察，称重，记录数据，并喷洒消毒液。1) Weigh and disinfect the selected individual: observe, weigh, record the data, and spray the disinfectant on the individual to be tested.
2)清除腹部测定区域羽毛：选定腹部待测区域，湿润羽毛，用剪刀轻轻剪除羽毛。2) Removing the feathers in the abdomen area for measurement: select the area to be measured in the abdomen, moisten the feathers, and gently cut off the feathers with scissors.
3)超声波仪器测定并采集图像数据：将待测个体腹部朝上固定于操作台上，用超声波探头扫描测定腹部，保存图像及数据。3) Ultrasonic instrument measurement and image data collection: the individual to be measured is fixed on the operating table with the abdomen facing up, the abdomen is scanned and measured with an ultrasonic probe, and the images and data are saved.
4)分析数据：使用上一步所得的图像数据进行对比分析，比较表型差异个体的图像特征及数值大小。对步骤(3)所得的图像数据进行统计分析，剔除离群值和含有离群值的个体。4) Analyze data: use the image data obtained in the previous step for comparative analysis, and compare the image characteristics and numerical values of individuals with phenotypic differences. Statistical analysis is performed on the image data obtained in step (3), and outliers and individuals containing outliers are eliminated.
5)屠宰部分已测个体测定腹脂重，建立回归方程。选择30-50只已测定腹脂厚度的个体进行屠宰，测定其半腹脂重和腹脂重，并根据屠宰测定的腹脂重和超声波测定数据建立回归方程；5) Slaughter some of the measured individuals to measure the abdominal fat weight, and establish a regression equation. Select 30-50 individuals whose abdominal fat thickness has been measured for slaughter, measure their half-abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat weight, and establish a regression equation according to the abdominal fat weight measured at slaughter and ultrasonic measurement data;
例如：半腹脂重的回归方程为：For example: the regression equation for half-abdomen fat mass is:
y1＝aX-by1=aX-b
其中：y1为半腹脂重，g；X为腹脂厚度，cm；a、b为常数；Among them: y1 is half abdominal fat weight, g; X is abdominal fat thickness, cm; a and b are constants;
总腹脂重的回归方程为：The regression equation for total abdominal fat mass is:
y2＝cX-dy2=cX-d
其中：y2为半腹脂重，g；X为腹脂厚度，cm；c、d为常数；Among them: y2 is half abdominal fat weight, g; X is abdominal fat thickness, cm; c and d are constants;
6)计算未屠宰个体腹脂重：根据步骤(5)得到的回归方程，带入未屠宰个体腹脂厚度值，计算出鸡腹脂重。6) Calculating the abdominal fat weight of the unslaughtered individual: According to the regression equation obtained in step (5), the abdominal fat thickness value of the unslaughtered individual is used to calculate the abdominal fat weight of the chicken.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)本发明的测定家禽腹部脂肪方法简单可行，图像清晰准确，数据与屠宰测定结果相关度高。1) The method for measuring poultry belly fat of the present invention is simple and feasible, the image is clear and accurate, and the data has a high degree of correlation with the slaughter measurement results.
2)本发明所测定的家禽避免屠宰，不影响其生长发育状况，减少大群应激，可以扩大经济效益。2) The poultry measured by the present invention avoids slaughter, does not affect its growth and development status, reduces the stress of large flocks, and can expand economic benefits.
3)本发明采用超声波技术进行腹部脂肪含量测定的方法对单个个体不同时期腹脂变化可进行全方面系统地数据采集分析，对选育低脂优良品种有很大帮助，方便快捷，缩短培育年限。3) The method for measuring abdominal fat content using ultrasonic technology in the present invention can carry out comprehensive and systematic data collection and analysis on the changes in abdominal fat of a single individual in different periods, which is very helpful for breeding low-fat varieties, which is convenient and quick, and shortens the cultivation period .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1a为本发明测定厚度值时选取的测定点P1、P2、P3、P4图。Fig. 1a is a diagram of measuring points P1, P2, P3 and P4 selected when measuring the thickness value of the present invention.
图1b表示屠宰测定的时候测半腹脂重所取的部分图。总腹脂重还包括肌胃和腺胃脂肪。Fig. 1b shows a part of the graph obtained when measuring half-abdomen fat mass during slaughtering determination. Total abdominal fat also includes gizzard and glandular fat.
图2a为本发明测定个体测定点P1、P2结果图，图中黑色阴影区为腹部脂肪，两侧上边白色区域为体表及体外，下边白色区域为内脏，阴影区相应几处白点为探测图像及数据采集点，左边3行数字为脂肪厚度，单位为厘米。Fig. 2a is the result diagram of measuring individual measurement points P1 and P2 of the present invention, the black shadow area in the figure is abdominal fat, the white areas on both sides are body surface and outside body, the lower white area is viscera, and the corresponding white spots in the shadow area are detection Image and data collection points, the 3 rows of numbers on the left are the fat thickness in centimeters.
图2b为本发明测定个体测定点P3、P4结果图，图中黑色阴影区为腹部脂肪，两侧上边白色区域为体表及体外，下边白色区域为内脏，阴影区相应几处白点为探测图像及数据采集点，左边3行数字为脂肪厚度，单位为厘米。Fig. 2b is the result map of measuring individual measurement points P3 and P4 of the present invention, the black shadow area in the figure is abdominal fat, the white areas on both sides are body surface and outside body, the lower white area is viscera, and the corresponding white spots in the shadow area are detection Image and data collection points, the 3 rows of numbers on the left are the fat thickness in centimeters.
图3a为本发明测定值与屠宰测定值的相关回归性比较图，P4采集点厚度与半腹脂重相关系数分别达到98％。Fig. 3a is a correlation regression comparison chart between the measured value of the present invention and the slaughtered measured value, and the correlation coefficients between the thickness at the P4 collection point and the half-belly fat weight respectively reach 98%.
图3b为本发明测定值与屠宰测定值的相关回归性比较图，P4采集点厚度与总腹脂重相关系数分别达到99％。Figure 3b is a correlation regression comparison chart between the measured value of the present invention and the slaughtered measured value, and the correlation coefficient between the thickness of the P4 collection point and the total abdominal fat weight reaches 99%.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将以位于黄羽肉鸡腹脂脂肪测定为实例来具体阐述本发明的方法：The method of the present invention will be specifically set forth below by taking the determination of abdominal fat of yellow feather broilers as an example:
1)选定个体称重并消毒：从养殖场选定待测30个体。运输至扬州大学动物医院进行测定，称量体重，记录数据，适当喷洒消毒液。1) Weighing and disinfection of selected individuals: select 30 individuals to be tested from the farm. Transport them to the Animal Hospital of Yangzhou University for measurement, weigh them, record the data, and spray disinfectant appropriately.
2)整理测定区域羽毛：在腹部区域，根据体中间分界线选定采集点P1、P2、P3、P4(见图1a、图1b)，湿润羽毛，轻轻剪除。2) Arranging the feathers in the measurement area: In the abdominal area, select the collection points P1, P2, P3, and P4 according to the dividing line in the middle of the body (see Figure 1a, Figure 1b), moisten the feathers, and cut them off gently.
3)超声波仪器测定并采集图像数据：将待测鸡固定于操作台上，正对超声波扫描仪，扫描测定，保存图像及数据，记录P1、P2、P3、P4点厚度平均数值(见图2a、图2b)。3) Ultrasonic instrument measurement and image data collection: fix the chicken to be tested on the operating table, face the ultrasonic scanner, scan and measure, save the image and data, and record the average thickness values of P1, P2, P3, and P4 points (see Figure 2a , Figure 2b).
4)测定腹脂重：对超声波测定的鸡进行屠宰测定，测定腹脂含量，包括半腹脂重和总腹脂重，注意总腹脂包含肌胃腺胃上脂肪。4) Determination of abdominal fat weight: Carry out slaughter measurement on the chickens measured by ultrasound, and measure the abdominal fat content, including the half-abdominal fat weight and the total abdominal fat weight. Note that the total abdominal fat includes the fat on the gizzard gland.
5)分析数据：将腹脂重与超声波采集的图像数据进行相关分析，绘制相关分析回归线，最终确定P4采集点的厚度数值的相关性最高(数据见表1)，与半腹脂重的相关系数可达到98％，与总腹脂重的相关系数可达到99％(见图3a、图3b)。所以使用超声波技术测定腹部脂肪含量是准确可行的。5) Analyzing data: Carry out correlation analysis between the abdominal fat weight and the image data collected by ultrasound, draw a correlation analysis regression line, and finally determine that the correlation of the thickness value at the P4 collection point is the highest (see Table 1 for the data), and the correlation with the half-abdominal fat weight The coefficient can reach 98%, and the correlation coefficient with the total abdominal fat weight can reach 99% (see Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b). Therefore, the use of ultrasound technology to determine abdominal fat content is accurate and feasible.
表1 超声波测定的腹脂厚度及屠宰测定的腹脂重Table 1 Abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound and abdominal fat weight measured by slaughter
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| CN201810984306.3A Pending CN109009228A (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | A method of poultry abdominal fat content is measured using ultrasonic technology |
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| CN115227291A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 宿迁益客种禽有限公司宿豫分公司 | Improved method for measuring thickness of chicken breast muscle by adopting ultrasonic waves |
| CN115968813A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-18 | 智逐科技股份有限公司 | Poultry health monitoring system and method thereof |
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| CN115227291A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 宿迁益客种禽有限公司宿豫分公司 | Improved method for measuring thickness of chicken breast muscle by adopting ultrasonic waves |
| CN118000316A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-05-10 | 广州微特加生物工程有限公司 | Feed additive containing plant polysaccharide and preparation method and application thereof |
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