CN108989816B - Coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation, which comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing the secret information, including: (1-1) generating modulation symbol sequences of the same degree by using different channel coding methods and constellation mapping for public information and secret information, respectively; (1-2) carrying out orthogonal transformation on the constellation symbols by adopting an orthogonal wavelet function to generate an I path signal and a Q path signal which converge white noise characteristics; (1-3) adjusting the signal positions of the obtained I path signal and the Q path signal by using a pre-stored interweaving matrix; (2) directly superposing a pseudo white noise signal carrying secret information on a constellation symbol of public information to form a mixed signal; (3) transmitting the mixed signal; (4) and the receiving end processes the received mixed signal to acquire secret information. Even if the basic principle of the present invention is understood, the existence of secret information in the communication process cannot be judged with high accuracy without knowing a secret key.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of information hiding, in particular to a coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation.
Background
Information hiding is the secret hiding of confidential information in public information, which is then communicated over an open channel by the transmission of the public information. The third party is limited by the perception resolution, and is difficult to judge whether the secret information is nested in the public information, so that the imperceptibility of secret communication is ensured.
Currently, research on information hiding technology is mainly focused on carriers such as text, images, audio and video. The research object of the present invention is a hidden communication technology in a wireless digital communication system, that is, a sender embeds hidden information with a certain amount of information in a wireless communication signal sent by using a public standard on an open wireless channel, a hidden communication receiver can accurately analyze the secret information in a certain way, and a monitoring party can not judge the existence of the secret information in the communication process with high accuracy even if knowing the basic principle of the method without knowing a secret key.
The essence of the information hiding communication lies in that secret information transmission is carried out by utilizing the cover of the normal transmission process of the publicable information on an open channel, so that non-target users cannot perceive the secret information per se and even the existence of information transmission behaviors. Therefore, covert communication systems must have high levels of concealment, robustness, and security.
The information hiding communication system must ensure the robustness of the system under the primary premise of high concealment. The concealment refers to the imperceptibility of the secret information, namely, no matter the transmitted signal embedded with the secret information is viewed from the time domain and frequency domain characteristic components, or the demodulation result, no perceptible abnormality exists; robustness requires that the covert communication receiver accurately recover the secret information from the over-the-air hybrid signal.
Simmons proposed a "prisoner's problem" in the International symposium on cryptography in 1983, which became a common theoretical model for modern information hiding. Considering that as the digital signal processing capability is continuously improved, a monitoring party theoretically has an ultra-strong signal handset and analysis capability on a public open channel without considering the cost, and therefore, for designing an information hiding algorithm on a wireless coding channel, an ideal algorithm needs to have the following characteristics:
confidentiality of the algorithm: the more confidential the principle of the algorithm is, the harder it is for the adversary to develop a targeted analysis technique, and therefore the algorithm should be unpublished. The algorithm is resistant to exhaustive analysis: even if the adversary knows the principle of the algorithm in various ways, the algorithm can resist the exhaustive analysis of the other party by a key space that tends to be endless and time-varying.
The method for embedding the hidden information into the public information is the basis for determining the hiding performance, and the design concept is that after a detection party with all signal analysis capability for an open channel removes a carrying signal of the public information, the characteristics of the residual signal embedded with the hidden information are kept highly consistent with those of the residual signals of other communication signals without embedded hidden information. Otherwise, even if the hidden information is embedded without causing the reception of the public information to be wrong, the detecting party can still judge the existence of the hidden information through reverse derivation or analysis of the residual signal. For a public signal without nested hidden information, after the ideal communication signal component, the residual signal is definitely a white noise signal which obeys gaussian distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation. The invention realizes convergence of the communication signal characteristics of the mixed signal and the communication signal without hidden information in time domain and frequency domain, ensures that the characteristics of the residual signal converge to white noise after deleting the public signal component, and improves the safety and the concealment of the covert communication process.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preprocessing secret information, the preprocessing comprising:
(1-1) generating modulation symbol sequences of the same degree using different channel coding methods and constellation mapping for public information and secret information, respectively, based on respective information rates;
(1-2) carrying out orthogonal transformation on the constellation symbols by adopting an orthogonal wavelet function to generate signals of an I (real part) path and a Q (virtual path) path which converge white noise characteristics;
(1-3) adjusting the signal positions of the obtained I path signal and the Q path signal by using a pre-stored interweaving matrix;
(2) according to a certain power distribution proportion, directly superposing a pseudo white noise signal carrying secret information on a constellation symbol of public information to form a mixed signal;
(3) transmitting the mixed signal by using a power transmission rule or standard established by an open channel;
(4) and the receiving end processes the received mixed signal to acquire secret information.
Specifically, in the step (1-2), an orthogonal wavelet is used for orthogonal transformation, which aims to perform a transformation on a modulation symbol, such as a QAM symbol, by using a certain orthogonal wavelet basis, so that a transformed communication signal has a signal characteristic similar to gaussian white noise.
Furthermore, in order to increase the difficulty that an enemy can perform targeted analysis after knowing the design principle of the technical scheme, the selection of the orthogonal wavelet basis should be selected from one of the following two methods:
1. establishing a set of orthogonal wavelet bases capable of whitening Gaussian noise of a modulation signal, wherein each code is selected from the set on the basis of a pseudo-random mode;
2. there are a large number of known construction methods for orthogonal wavelet bases, and many new construction theories and methods are continuously emerging. Therefore, the communication parameters can be avoided from being known by the opposite party by selecting some orthogonal wavelet bases which are not published in the public literature or automatically constructing new orthogonal wavelet bases.
Furthermore, in order to ensure that the received signal does not cause the spy to be alert due to the obvious difference between the I path and the Q path, the constellation mapping of the secret information and the public information uses a real constellation diagram or a complex constellation diagram at the same time, which allows different constellation diagrams to be used.
Specifically, the method for generating the mixed signal in the step (2) is as follows:
(2-1) the signal obtained by coding and modulating the secret information is recorded as X[n],X[n]E.g. Q, N1, 2, N, Q represents a set of constellation points, and the sequence p[n]And q is[n] N 1,2, where M represents a scale function coefficient and a wavelet function coefficient of an orthogonal wavelet, respectively, and a wavelet-transformed signal is recorded as
(2-2) let the signal of public information after code modulation be recorded as
Representing the constellation point set, the mixed signal is noted as:
wherein λ1And λ2Respectively representing the power allocation proportions of the public information signal and the secret information signal.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the correctness of the reception of the public information signal, and the difference between the mixed signal and the normal signal of other non-nested secret information under the condition of the same channel still remains in a reasonable fluctuation level of the wireless channel, the lambda is required1≥20λ2That is, the power level of the public signal is more than 95%, and the information rate is far less than the secret information of the public information, then the coding method with lower code rate is adopted to ensure that the public signal can still be correctly received under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio.
Specifically, in step (4), the receiving method at the receiving end is:
(4-1) performing channel estimation and signal decoding on the received signal by adopting a standard algorithm of an open channel, and correctly analyzing bit data of the public information;
(4-2) reconstructing a transmission signal of the public information based on the channel estimation and signal decoding results, and directly removing a signal component of the public information from the reception signal through signal cancellation;
(4-3) performing inverse interleaving processing on the residual signals according to an interleaving matrix pre-stored in advance by both communication parties;
and (4-4) the receiver performs a subsequent conventional channel decoding process based on the signal subjected to the inverse interleaving processing, and finally analyzes bit data of the secret information.
Further, in the step (4-3), the signal obtained after the inverse interleaving is
The corresponding inverse wavelet transform algorithm is as follows:
obtaining an inverse transform signal Y after the inverse transform is completed[n]，n＝1,...,N。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a signal gaussing technology based on wavelet orthogonal transformation and an embedding mode of the signal gaussing technology in public signals aiming at secret information, thereby realizing convergence of communication signal characteristics of mixed signals and communication signals without hidden information in time domain and frequency domain, simultaneously ensuring that after public signal components are deleted, the characteristics of residual signals converge to white noise, and improving the safety and the concealment of the hidden communication process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method for hiding coded channel information based on wavelet transform;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the scale function coefficients of orthogonal wavelets in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating wavelet function coefficients of orthogonal wavelets in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a 4QAM modulation constellation of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of complex Gaussian signals after wavelet transform in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of a wavelet transformed time domain signal in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the statistics of the signal amplitudes after wavelet transform in the embodiment;
fig. 8 is a comparison graph of the final received signal after wavelet transform and without wavelet transform in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
A coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preprocessing secret information, the preprocessing comprising:
(1-1) generating modulation symbol sequences of the same degree using different channel coding methods and constellation mapping for public information and secret information, respectively, based on respective information rates;
(1-2) carrying out orthogonal transformation on the constellation symbols by adopting an orthogonal wavelet function to generate an I path signal and a Q path signal which converge white noise characteristics;
(1-3) adjusting the signal positions of the obtained I path signal and the Q path signal by using a pre-stored interweaving matrix;
(2) according to a certain power distribution proportion, directly superposing a pseudo white noise signal carrying secret information on a constellation symbol of public information to form a mixed signal;
(3) transmitting the mixed signal by using a power transmission rule formulated by an open channel;
(4) and the receiving end processes the received mixed signal to acquire secret information.
In particular, if the sequence p[n]And q is[n]N is 1,2, and N represents the scale function coefficient and wavelet function coefficient of an orthogonal wavelet, respectively, and then for an arbitrary sequence of numbers
The decomposition algorithm of (c) is as follows:
the reconstruction algorithm is as follows:
and satisfy the equation of energy invariance before and after decomposition
Wherein, the sequence c[j+1,k]The subscripts of (a) first indicate the number of layers and the second the integer axis.
In the present embodiment, the scale function coefficient diagram and the wavelet function coefficient diagram of the orthogonal wavelet used are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, respectively.
In this embodiment, in step (1-2), a constellation diagram obtained after modulating the 4QAM symbol is shown in fig. 4. 10000 4QAM symbols are transformed by using the above orthogonal wavelet, and the distribution of the transformed signal is shown in fig. 5. The real time domain signal after wavelet transform, the real received time domain signal with a received signal-to-noise ratio of 0dB, and the pure white gaussian noise time domain signal are shown in the three upper-to-lower subgraphs of fig. 6. The imaginary time domain signal is also similar to the real time domain signal. Correspondingly, the statistical conditions of the signal amplitude distributions corresponding to the three subgraphs in fig. 6 respectively correspond to the three subgraphs from left to right in fig. 7.
As can be seen from fig. 7, the transmitted signal after the wavelet transform is already converged to the gaussian white noise signal in the time domain, so that the received signal of the receiver of the enemy is also converged to the gaussian white noise, and the detection algorithm is difficult to distinguish and identify the signal from the pure background noise without the wavelet transform and signal interleaving parameters.
The essence of the orthogonal wavelet transform is that one-time orthogonal transformation is carried out on modulation symbols, and the loss of signal communication performance is not brought. Fig. 8 shows the signal distribution of 4QAM symbols in AWGN channel with 10dB signal-to-noise ratio, and the signal distribution of the same channel and the same signal-to-noise ratio after orthogonal wavelet transform is used and the receiving end goes through the inverse wavelet transform procedure. As can be seen from the figure, the communication performance of the two types is kept consistent.
The essence of the information hiding transmission method in this embodiment is to perform low-rate coding and constellation mapping on the secret information with a low information rate, and then map the secret information into a pseudo white noise signal with gaussian distribution characteristics. The embedding mode is that the signal is directly superposed on a high-power public signal in a low-power mode, so that certain performance loss is brought in the channel transmission process. On the AWGN channel, the mapping method specifically includes:
where P denotes signal transmission power, N denotes channel noise power, P1 denotes public information signal transmission power in the mixed signal, P2 denotes secret information signal transmission power in the mixed signal, SNR1 denotes a received signal-to-noise ratio of a signal in which no hidden information is embedded, SNR2 denotes a received signal-to-noise ratio of a public signal in the mixed signal, and SNR3 denotes a received signal-to-noise ratio of a secret signal after the mixed signal ideally cancels the public signal.
According to the embodiment, for the detection method that knows the principle of the present technical method but does not know the interleaving matrix information (secret key), the received wireless signal is only a normal communication signal polluted by received noise, and after the public information signal is cancelled, the remaining signal is only a white noise signal. Considering the existence and mutual interference of other normal signals on the open wireless channel and the time-varying property and complexity of the wireless channel, under the condition that the nesting power level of the secret signal is low, the detecting party cannot judge the existence of the secret information in the normal communication signal with high accuracy.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A coding channel information hiding method based on wavelet transformation is characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preprocessing secret information, the preprocessing comprising:
(1-1) generating modulation symbol sequences of the same degree using different channel coding methods and constellation mapping for public information and secret information, respectively, based on respective information rates;
(1-2) carrying out orthogonal transformation on the constellation symbol of the secret information by adopting an orthogonal wavelet function to generate an I path signal and a Q path signal which converge white noise characteristics;
(1-3) adjusting the signal positions of the obtained I path signal and the Q path signal by using a pre-stored interweaving matrix;
(2) according to a certain power distribution proportion, directly superposing a pseudo white noise signal carrying secret information on a constellation symbol of public information to form a mixed signal;
(3) transmitting the mixed signal by using a power transmission rule formulated by an open channel;
(4) the receiving end processes the received mixed signal to obtain secret information:
(4-1) performing channel estimation and signal decoding on the received signal by adopting a standard algorithm of an open channel, and correctly analyzing bit data of the public information;
(4-2) reconstructing a transmission signal of the public information based on the channel estimation and signal decoding results, and directly removing a signal component of the public information from the reception signal through signal cancellation;
(4-3) performing inverse interleaving processing on the residual signals according to an interleaving matrix pre-stored in advance by both communication parties;
and (4-4) the receiver performs a subsequent conventional channel decoding process based on the signal subjected to the inverse interleaving processing, and finally analyzes bit data of the secret information.
2. A method for hiding coded channel information based on wavelet transform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the orthogonal wavelet basis is selected as follows:
and establishing a set of orthogonal wavelet bases with the capacity of Gaussian white-noising the modulation signals, and selecting one from the set on the basis of a pseudo-random mode in each coding.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the constellation mapping of the secret information and the public information uses a real constellation diagram or a complex constellation diagram at the same time, allowing different constellation diagrams to be used, in order to ensure that the received signal is not alert to the spy party due to a significant difference between the I path and the Q path.
4. The method for concealing coding channel information based on wavelet transform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for generating the mixed signal in step (2) is:
(2-1) the signal obtained by coding and modulating the secret information is recorded as X[n],X[n]E.g. Q, N1, 2, N, Q represents a set of constellation points, and the sequence p[n]And q is[n]Respectively representing the scale function coefficient and wavelet function coefficient of an orthogonal wavelet, and recording the signal after wavelet transform as
(2-2) let the signal of public information after code modulation be recorded as
Representing the constellation point set, the mixed signal is noted as:
wherein λ1And λ2Respectively representing the power allocation proportions of the public information signal and the secret information signal.
5. A method for hiding coded channel information based on wavelet transform as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that λ1≥20λ2。
6. The method for hiding the information of the coding channel based on the wavelet transform as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (4-3), the signal obtained after the inverse interleaving is
The corresponding inverse wavelet transform algorithm is as follows:
wherein, the sequence p[n]And q is[n]Respectively representing the scale function coefficient and wavelet function coefficient of an orthogonal wavelet, and obtaining an inverse transformation signal Y after the inverse transformation is completed[n]，n＝1,...,N。
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