CN108934020B - Microwave network channel access method and system based on narrowband wave beam directional antenna - Google Patents
Microwave network channel access method and system based on narrowband wave beam directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave network channel access method based on a narrowband wave beam directional antenna, which comprises the following steps that a network main station is accessed into a multi-hop ad hoc network with a superframe structure, and a synchronization signal is sent according to the running time reference of the multi-hop ad hoc network; other network nodes capture the synchronization signal; acquiring one-way synchronization if the acquisition is successful; sending a broadcast signal by using a broadcast signaling time slot according to the MAC address, searching on other network node broadcast signaling time slots, and establishing a neighbor link relation; ranging and correcting path transmission delay; neighbor discovery and antenna adjustment are carried out to obtain the best transmitting and receiving antenna; randomly accessing a sub-frequency channel into an A time slot, and accessing a channel of each time slot into a small time slot; in the period, M channels are accessed into a small time slot and are evenly distributed according to MAC addresses; the invention is based on the microwave network and the distributed narrowband wave beam directional antenna, realizes reliable and stable transmission and quick real-time adjustment of the directional antenna in a high maneuvering scene, and effectively improves the comprehensive communication performance of the network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave network research, in particular to a microwave network channel access method and a system based on a narrowband wave beam directional antenna.
Background
The network topology structure of the marine vessel formation will change continuously with different training and combat requirements, so the channel access protocol design of the corresponding distributed wireless network is always the research focus, and the technical research of the traditional signal broadcast transmission model based on the omnidirectional antenna is mature. However, the directional network using the directional antenna to transmit and receive signals will change greatly in terms of signal transmission model, and the existing channel access schemes based on the wireless signal broadcast model are no longer suitable for the directional network, and a new efficient channel access technology matching a new channel model needs to be researched.
Different from the application of elevated static networking of the microwave relay machine on land, the microwave network for the formation of the marine vessels has the following characteristics: the number of network nodes is small: even if a large formation, such as an aircraft carrier strike group, the number of ships in the network will not generally exceed 10; diversity of network topology: under different training and fighting modes, the positions of different ships in the formation are greatly changed, so that different network topologies are generated; mobility of network nodes: the marine vessels are generally in a running state, so that the microwave network must have stronger communication capability in motion;
many current communication technologies of directional networks rely on node position information provided by a satellite positioning system or other measures, but are undoubtedly very dangerous and fatal in the context of military applications; in addition, because the structure of the superstructure above the deck of the carrier-based platform is complex, the realization of 360-degree non-shielding coverage around the warship by a single antenna is difficult, which inevitably leads to the fact that a network radio station cannot reliably communicate with peripheral nodes, and meanwhile, a high point is difficult to find in the middle of the complex superstructure to realize the non-shielding installation of the antenna for 360 degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a microwave network channel access method based on a narrowband wave beam directional antenna.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a microwave network channel access system based on narrowband beam-directional antennas.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the microwave network channel access method based on the narrowband wave beam directional antenna comprises the following steps:
s1, after the network main station is started, accessing a multi-hop ad hoc network with an over-frequency structure, occupying a broadcast signaling time slot of a first sub-frequency based on the running time reference of the multi-hop ad hoc network, and sending a synchronization signal of the multi-hop ad hoc network time reference information by using a plurality of antennas in turn;
s2, capturing the synchronous signal by other network nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network; the other network nodes comprise network nodes which are already connected to the network and network nodes which are not connected to the network;
s3, after an Xth antenna of a network node which is not accessed into the multi-hop ad hoc network captures a synchronization signal sent by a yth antenna of a certain network-accessed neighbor network node, the network node which is not accessed into the multi-hop ad hoc network obtains unidirectional synchronization;
s4, the network node realizing the one-way synchronization sends the broadcast signal by using the broadcast signaling time slot of the network node according to the MAC address of the network node in the overclocking, and meanwhile, the network node continues searching on the broadcast signaling time slots of other network nodes until the neighbor link relation is established, thereby being capable of carrying out data service transmission;
s5, the network node of one-way synchronization and the network node of the upper time synchronization utilize the respective broadcast signaling time slot to carry out ranging and carry out path transmission delay correction;
s6, neighbor node mutual discovery mechanism and antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism are used between network nodes to obtain the best transmitting antenna and the best receiving antenna;
s7, based on the best sending antenna and the best receiving antenna, randomly accessing a sub-frequency channel of a superframe structure to an A time slot, and accessing a channel of each time slot to a small time slot; the number of the channels of the sub-frequency is 4, and the number of the channels of each A time slot is 4;
s8, and
the A time slots are a channel access period, and in one period, M channel access small time slots are distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC address fixing average.
In step S1, in the multi-hop ad hoc network with the super-frequency structure, one super-frequency is composed of M sub-frequencies, where M represents the number of preset network nodes before the network is turned on; the typical preset values of the number of the preset network nodes are as follows: 2. 4, 8, 12;
one sub-frequency comprises three types of time slots with different functions: broadcasting signaling time slot BS, channel random access time slot A and data transmission time slot D;
the broadcast signaling time slots comprise L × N broadcast signaling small time slots and 1 time delay protection time slot, and are used for a certain network node L × N narrow-band beam directional antennas in the multi-hop ad hoc network to send a signaling signal in turn, wherein M broadcast signaling time slots in one super frequency are uniformly distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC address fixation;
the channel random access time slot comprises 4 small signaling time slots and 4 corresponding time delay protection time slots, and is fixedly allocated to 4 different network nodes for use according to the MAC address; 4 different network nodes can send a service link establishment application signal RTS, a service link establishment agreement signal CTS and a data time slot receiving CRC result response on own small time slot;
the data transmission time slot is used for data transmission among network nodes, the time length is 10ms, and the network nodes use the channel random time slot to reserve data time slot resources;
the time length of an overclock is:
Tf＝40*M+17*M*TG+(L*N+M)*M*Ts；
wherein, TsFor the length of time of the signalling signal, TGFor time delay protection time, L is the number of sectors, and N is the number of narrowband wave velocity directional antennas installed in each sector;
the network master station is a microwave network radio station, and the multi-hop ad hoc network running time reference is a microwave network radio station time reference; the MAC address of the microwave network radio station is 0;
in step S2, the specific process is as follows: other network nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network capture the synchronous signals by using odd-numbered antennas in turn, and then capture the synchronous signals by using even-numbered antennas after the capture fails, and the process is circulated until a certain antenna successfully captures the synchronous signals; wherein the acceptance time of each antenna is Tf+TsI.e. a superframe time plus the time length of a signaling signal;
in step S3, the node obtains unidirectional synchronization, that is, obtains network running time including unidirectional transmission delay;
in step S5, specifically, the method includes: the lower time synchronization node D2 successfully receives the synchronization signal carrying the time information transmitted by the mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in its broadcast slot in a certain over-frequency, and then the lower time synchronization node D2 also successfully receives the synchronization signal transmitted by the nth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in its signal broadcast slot. The upper time synchronization node D1 calculates the signal transmission delay T of the two nodes according to the synchronization signal correlation peak detection time of the lower time synchronization node D2d：
Td＝(TT-Tsyn-T+(M-N)Ts)/2，
TT is the time interval between the sending of the signal by the Mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the detection of the synchronization header signal of the Nth antenna of the lower time synchronization node D2, TsynT is an interval between the broadcast slot of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the broadcast slot of the lower time synchronization node D2 in the superframe structure, which is the time length of the sync header signal;
the superior time synchronization node D1 calculates the distance between itself and the inferior time synchronization node D2, and then notifies the superior time synchronization node D1 of the distance in the next broadcast time slot of the superior time synchronization node D1, and the superior time synchronization node D1 corrects the network time reference of itself according to the distance;
in step S6, the process of the mechanism for discovering each other among the neighboring nodes is as follows:
t1, allocating M broadcast signaling time slots contained in a superframe to M preplanned nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network according to the MAC address;
t2, the network node after network access sends the synchronous signaling signal of 360 degrees omnidirectional coverage by using L × N antennas in turn in the pre-distributed broadcast signaling time slot;
t3, after the network nodes realize unidirectional synchronization, defining states between M-1 nodes in the network as two types: non-neighbor node state SNNAnd neighbor node state SNWhen the neighboring node does not receive the opposite party in 5 continuous superframesThe signaling signal is converted into a non-neighbor node; when the non-neighbor node receives the signaling signal of the opposite side, the non-neighbor node is converted into a neighbor node;
t4, the node 1 monitors synchronous signaling signals in L x K degrees in different directions sent by a node 2 broadcast time slot of a non-neighbor node by using one antenna each time, if all reception fails, the antenna is replaced on the next broadcast time slot of the node 2 to continue monitoring, the node 1 repeats the reception process until a certain antenna successfully receives the broadcast synchronous signaling signal sent by a certain antenna of the node 2, namely, the one-way discovery of the neighbor node is completed, and the node 2 of the non-neighbor node is converted into the node 2 of the neighbor node; the order of using antennas starts with odd numbered antennas;
t5, for the node 1, if the Wth antenna is used for completing the unidirectional discovery of the neighbor node of the node 2, the two antennas adjacent to the Wth antenna are used for respectively receiving signals of the 2 subsequent broadcast time slots of the node 2, and the node 1 obtains the optimal receiving antenna for the node 2 and the optimal transmitting antenna corresponding to the optimal receiving antenna of the node 1 according to the signal receiving quality of the three antennas;
t6, node 1 gets the best transmitting antenna number information on its broadcast time slot, and node 2 gets the best antenna number information on its broadcast time slot;
in step S6, the antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism specifically includes the following steps:
after U1, node 1 and node 2 neighbor nodes are found mutually, the optimal receiving antenna of node 1 is XXX, the optimal receiving antenna of node 2 is YYY, node 1 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of node 2 by using antenna XXX, the receiving result of L × N antenna signaling signals of node 2 by antenna XXX is recorded, node 2 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of node 1 by using antenna YYY, and the receiving result of node 1 signaling signals by antenna YYY is recorded; the receiving result is whether the signal is correctly received or not and a signal receiving signal-to-noise ratio when the signal is correctly received;
u2, node 1 antenna XXX correctly receives the synchronous signaling signal sent by another antenna YYY' of node 2 continuously for 2 times, and the received signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the signal received signal-to-noise ratio of the currently maintained antenna combination XXX, YYY, then node 1 will update the best receiving antenna and the best transmitting antenna of node 2 corresponding to the best receiving antenna, and inform node 2 of the best transmitting antenna update information on its own broadcast time slot; the node 2 updates the optimal receiving antenna and the optimal transmitting antenna between the node 1 by adopting the same mechanism;
u3, node 1 can not receive the broadcast signaling signal of node 2 correctly in 3 continuous overclocking, then in the last 2 overclocking, the round-robin uses 2 antennas adjacent to antenna XXX to monitor, if the signal can be received correctly, the antenna combination is updated and the node 2 is informed; if all the receiving fails, the node 1 converts the state of the node 2 into a non-neighbor node, and a neighbor node discovery mechanism is carried out again; the node 2 also adopts the same mechanism to maintain the neighbor relation.
In step S8, the specific process is as follows: in the channel access process, according to the channel access rule, the A time slot of RTS, the A time slot of CTS, the D time slot of data transmission and the A time slot mechanism of ACK are adopted, namely, a service sender sends a service transmission establishment link application signaling RTS to a certain target neighbor node on the pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the service sender, and the signaling target node feeds back a service transmission agreement signaling CTS on the pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the signaling destination node after receiving the RTS signaling. Wherein, RTS signaling carries attribute information of data service to be transmitted, including service type, priority and data volume, while CTS signaling carries service transmission rate and position information of transmission data time slot; after receiving CTS response signaling of a destination node, a service sender sends service data on a specified data time slot by using an indication rate based on related signaling information; in addition, in the channel access signaling interaction process between the neighbor nodes, the sender uses the optimal transmitting antenna notified by the receiver on the broadcast signaling time slot to transmit the channel access signaling on the own channel access small time slot, and respectively uses the corresponding optimal receiving antenna to receive the signaling possibly sent by the other side on the channel access time slots of other neighbor nodes;
the channel access rules include:
only the neighbor nodes which are discovered mutually can use the transmitting antenna which is informed by the opposite side to send signaling to the opposite side on the access small time slot of the respective pre-distributed channels;
when a pre-allocated channel is accessed to a small time slot, if a plurality of signaling to be sent with different destination addresses exist in a channel access signaling queue, the signaling is queued based on the priority of the service to be transmitted, and the signaling with small destination MAC address is prioritized at the same level, wherein the ACK response signaling level is highest, and the RTS signaling and the CTS signaling are the same and have the same priority. Considering the signal transmission characteristics of the directional antenna, the multicast or broadcast data service is degraded into a plurality of independent unicast services, and service link establishment and data transmission are required to be carried out with a target node one by one respectively;
after the RTS signaling is sent once, if the CTS response signaling of the destination node is not received in 3 channel access periods, the RTS signaling is sent again. Repeating the above process until the response signaling of the other party is received or the sending times reaches the specified upper limit K;
for the signalling minislots of other M-1 other network nodes of a channel access cycle, if the timeslot belongs to a network node in SNThe neighbor node in the state receives the signaling signal by using the antenna of the neighbor node in the antenna combination maintained by the neighbor node; if it belongs to SNNAnd if the state is not the neighbor node, the node is in an idle state on the time slot and abandons the receiving.
The other purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the microwave network channel access system based on the narrow-band beam directional antenna comprises: the system comprises a distributed antenna system and a microwave network radio station which are connected through optical fibers;
the distributed antenna system comprises L antenna sectors, and can realize 360-degree horizontal coverage of the carrier-based platform; the antenna sectors comprise N narrow-band directional antennas, each antenna sector is responsible for K-degree communication coverage, and L x K is larger than 360 degrees; selecting one narrow-band directional antenna from the L-N narrow-band directional antennas as required through a switch matrix to transmit and receive signals, namely a half-duplex working mechanism;
the microwave network radio station is used for communicating with peripheral nodes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a superframe structure to construct the multi-hop ad hoc network, ensures the real-time antenna alignment and adjustment between the naval vessel nodes without the help of a satellite positioning system, and can reach higher level in the aspects of indexes such as frequency resource utilization efficiency, networking time, channel access time delay, network throughput and the like.
2. The invention adopts microwave communication, has large capacity, small influence on channel parameters from the outside, more stable channel characteristics, high gain of the directional antenna, strong directivity and better airspace anti-interference and anti-interception capabilities.
3. The invention adopts a distributed antenna system integration technology, uses a narrow-band beam directional antenna, breaks through the traditional single antenna installation mode, realizes 360-degree non-shielding coverage of a warship, and combines a neighbor node mutual discovery mechanism and an antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism to ensure that a microwave network radio station and peripheral nodes carry out reliable communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for accessing a microwave network channel based on a narrowband beam directional antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a design scheme diagram of a superframe structure of a microwave network channel access method based on a narrowband beam directional antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a non-network-accessing network node synchronous search mechanism in the microwave network channel access method based on the narrowband beam directional antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a state of a unidirectional synchronization node R in M broadcast time slots of a superframe according to the microwave network channel access method based on the narrowband beam-directional antenna.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of main lobe beam overlap for a narrowband beam-steering antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the ranging process between the upper and lower time nodes according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the network node performing multi-path interference-free parallel transmission of traffic in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process of the node 1 and the node 3 in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a four-sector narrowband beam-steering antenna in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A microwave network channel access method based on a narrowband beam directional antenna, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: a network master station of a ship formation is switched on and then is accessed into a multi-hop ad hoc network with a superframe structure, the time reference of the network master station is taken as the reference of the running time of the whole network, namely the running time of the multi-hop ad hoc network is taken as the reference, the broadcast signaling time slot of a first sub-frequency is occupied, and L × N antennas are used for sending a synchronization signal of the multi-hop ad hoc network time reference information in turn;
in the multi-hop ad hoc network with an over-frequency structure, the design of the super-frame structure is shown in fig. 2, wherein one over-frequency is composed of M sub-frequencies, and M represents the number of preset network nodes before the network is opened; the typical preset values of the number of the preset network nodes are as follows: 2. 4, 8, 12;
a sub-frequency contains three types of timeslots with different functions: broadcasting signaling time slot BS, channel random access time slot A and data transmission time slot D;
the broadcast information time slot comprises L × N broadcast signaling small time slots and 1 time delay protection time slot, and is used for a certain network node L × N narrow-band beam directional antennas in the multi-hop ad hoc network to send a signaling signal in turn, wherein M broadcast information time slots in one super frequency are uniformly distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC address fixation;
the channel random access time slot comprises 4 small signaling time slots and 4 corresponding time delay protection time slots, and is fixedly distributed to 4 different network nodes for use according to the MAC address; 4 different network nodes can send a service link establishment application signal RTS, a service link establishment agreement signal CTS and a data time slot receiving CRC result response on own small time slot;
the data transmission time slot is used for data transmission among network nodes, the time length is 10ms, and the network nodes use the channel random time slot to reserve data time slot resources;
the time length of an overclock is: t isf＝40*M+17*M*TG+(L*N+M)*M*Ts；
Wherein, TsFor the length of time of the signalling signal, TGFor time delay protection time, L is the number of sectors, and N is the number of narrowband wave velocity directional antennas installed in each sector;
the network main station is a microwave network radio station, and the running time reference of the multi-hop ad hoc network is the time reference of the microwave network radio station; the MAC address of the microwave network radio station is 0; .
The second step is that: other network nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network capture synchronous signals, because adjacent antennas have the overlapping characteristic of receiving areas, odd-numbered antennas are used for signal capture in turn at first, if the odd-numbered antennas fail to capture signals, even-numbered antennas are used for signal capture, and the signal capture is repeated until a certain antenna successfully captures the synchronous signals, as shown in fig. 3; wherein the receiving time of each antenna is Tf+TsI.e. an overclocking time plus the length of a signalling signal, the network nodes not connected to the network can be no more than L x N (T)f+Ts) In time, successfully capturing the synchronous signals sent by the neighbor nodes at least once;
considering that the number of network nodes for ship formation is small, and the network topology is relatively stable, the broadcast signaling time slot needs to carry fewer signaling bits (tens of bit order) and the signal bandwidth of the microwave signal is large (tens of MHz order), so the time length required by the signaling signal is small, and the T is a small values0.1 ms is a typical value; the maximum distance between vessels in a battle formation is generally not too large, 75km (T), for transmission delay protectionG0.25 ms) can basically meet the communication requirement of the ad hoc network.
The third step: after an Xth antenna of a network node which is not accessed to a network captures a synchronization signal sent by a Yth antenna of a certain network-accessed neighbor network node, the network node obtains unidirectional synchronization, namely network running time containing unidirectional transmission delay.
The fourth step: the network node implementing the unidirectional synchronization transmits the broadcast signal by using its own broadcast signaling time slot in the super-frequency according to its own MAC address, as shown in fig. 4, and at the same time, continues to search on the broadcast signaling time slots of other network nodes until the neighbor link relationship is established, so as to ensure seamless switching of the transmitting and receiving antennas of the communication link in the mobile scene, the main lobe beams of the adjacent narrowband beam directional antennas need to overlap each other in a certain proportion in the antenna design process, as shown in fig. 5.
The fifth step: the network node of the one-way synchronization and the network node of the upper time synchronization utilize respective broadcast signaling time slots to perform ranging, and perform path transmission delay correction, as shown in fig. 6;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the lower time synchronization node D2 successfully receives the synchronization signal carrying the time information sent by the mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in the broadcast time slot thereof in a certain over-frequency, and then the lower time synchronization node D2 also successfully receives the synchronization signal sent by the nth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in the signal broadcast time slot thereof; the upper time synchronization node D1 calculates the signal transmission delay T of the two nodes according to the synchronization signal correlation peak detection time of the lower time synchronization node D2d：
Td＝(TT-Tsyn-T+(M-N)Ts)/2，
TT is the time interval between the sending of the signal by the Mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the detection of the synchronization header signal of the Nth antenna of the lower time synchronization node D2, TsynT is an interval between the broadcast slot of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the broadcast slot of the lower time synchronization node D2 in the superframe structure, which is the time length of the sync header signal;
the superior time synchronization node D1 calculates the distance between itself and the inferior time synchronization node D2, and then notifies the superior time synchronization node D1 of the distance in the next broadcast time slot of the superior time synchronization node D1, and the superior time synchronization node D1 corrects the network time reference of itself according to the distance;
and a sixth step: using a neighbor node mutual discovery mechanism and an antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism between network nodes to obtain an optimal transmitting antenna and an optimal receiving antenna;
the mutual discovery mechanism process of the neighbor nodes is as follows:
t1, allocating M broadcast signaling time slots contained in a superframe to M preplanned nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network according to the MAC address;
t2, the network node after network access sends the synchronous signaling signal of 360 degrees omnidirectional coverage by using L × N antennas in turn in the pre-distributed broadcast signaling time slot;
t3, after the network nodes realize unidirectional synchronization, defining states between M-1 nodes in the network as two types: non-neighbor node state SNNAnd neighbor node state SNWhen the neighboring node does not receive the signaling signal of the opposite side for 5 continuous superframes, the neighboring node is converted into a non-neighboring node; when the non-neighbor node receives the signaling signal of the opposite side, the non-neighbor node is converted into a neighbor node;
t4, the node 1 monitors synchronous signaling signals in L x K degrees in different directions sent by a node 2 broadcast time slot of a non-neighbor node by using one antenna each time, if all reception fails, the antenna is replaced on the next broadcast time slot of the node 2 to continue monitoring, the node 1 repeats the reception process until a certain antenna successfully receives the broadcast synchronous signaling signal sent by a certain antenna of the node 2, namely, the one-way discovery of the neighbor node is completed, and the node 2 of the non-neighbor node is converted into the node 2 of the neighbor node; the order of using antennas starts with odd numbered antennas;
t5, for the node 1, if the Wth antenna is used for completing the unidirectional discovery of the neighbor node of the node 2, the two antennas adjacent to the Wth antenna are used for respectively receiving signals of the 2 subsequent broadcast time slots of the node 2, and the node 1 obtains the optimal receiving antenna for the node 2 and the optimal transmitting antenna corresponding to the optimal receiving antenna of the node 1 according to the signal receiving quality of the three antennas;
t6, node 1 gets the best transmitting antenna number information on its broadcast time slot, and node 2 gets the best antenna number information on its broadcast time slot;
the antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism comprises the following specific processes:
after U1, node 1 and node 2 neighbor nodes are found mutually, the optimal receiving antenna of node 1 is XXX, the optimal receiving antenna of node 2 is YYY, node 1 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of node 2 by using antenna XXX, the receiving result of L × N antenna signaling signals of node 2 by antenna XXX is recorded, node 2 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of node 1 by using antenna YYY, and the receiving result of node 1 signaling signals by antenna YYY is recorded; the receiving result is whether the signal is correctly received or not and a signal receiving signal-to-noise ratio when the signal is correctly received;
u2, node 1 antenna XXX correctly receives the synchronous signaling signal sent by another antenna YYY' of node 2 continuously for 2 times, and the received signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the signal received signal-to-noise ratio of the currently maintained antenna combination XXX, YYY, then node 1 will update the best receiving antenna and the best transmitting antenna of node 2 corresponding to the best receiving antenna, and inform node 2 of the best transmitting antenna update information on its own broadcast time slot; the node 2 updates the optimal receiving antenna and the optimal transmitting antenna between the node 1 by adopting the same mechanism;
u3, node 1 can not receive the broadcast signaling signal of node 2 correctly in 3 continuous overclocking, then in the last 2 overclocking, the round-robin uses 2 antennas adjacent to antenna XXX to monitor, if the signal can be received correctly, the antenna combination is updated and the node 2 is informed; if all the receiving fails, the node 1 converts the state of the node 2 into a non-neighbor node, and a neighbor node discovery mechanism is carried out again; the node 2 also adopts the same mechanism to maintain the neighbor relation.
The seventh step: based on the optimal transmitting antenna and the optimal receiving antenna, the network node uses the narrowband wave beam directional antenna to perform multi-path interference-free parallel transmission of services, as shown in fig. 7, one sub-frequency of a superframe structure comprises 4 channels, the channels are randomly accessed into an A time slot, and the channel of each time slot is accessed into a small time slot; each a slot contains 4 channel access minislots.
Eighth step: to be provided with
One a slot is one channel access period,in a period, M channels are accessed into small time slots and are fixedly and evenly distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC addresses;
the specific process is as follows: in the channel access process, considering that network nodes all use a narrowband beam directional antenna, the channel access process adopts a mechanism of RTS (A time slot) -CTS (A time slot) -data transmission (D time slot) -ACK (A time slot), and adopts a mechanism of the A time slot of the RTS, the A time slot of the CTS, the D time slot of the data transmission and the A time slot of the ACK according to a channel access rule, namely a service sender sends a service transmission establishment link application signaling RTS to a certain target neighbor node on a pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the service sender, and the signaling target node feeds back a service transmission agreement signaling CTS on the pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the signaling destination node after receiving the RTS signaling. Wherein, RTS signaling carries attribute information of data service to be transmitted, including service type, priority and data volume, while CTS signaling carries service transmission rate and position information of transmission data time slot; after receiving CTS response signaling of a destination node, a service sender sends service data on a specified data time slot by using an indication rate based on related signaling information; in addition, in the channel access signaling interaction process between the neighbor nodes, the sender uses the optimal transmitting antenna notified by the receiver on the broadcast signaling time slot to transmit the channel access signaling on the own channel access small time slot, and respectively uses the corresponding optimal receiving antenna to receive the signaling possibly sent by the other side on the channel access time slots of other neighbor nodes; as shown in fig. 8, a schematic diagram of a data transmission flow between a network node 1 and a network node 3 with 4 nodes is given;
to improve the performance of credit access schemes, the following channel access rules are formulated:
1. only the neighbor nodes which are discovered mutually can use the transmitting antenna which is informed by the opposite side to send signaling to the opposite side on the access small time slot of the respective pre-distributed channels;
2. when a pre-allocated channel is accessed to a small time slot, if a plurality of signaling to be sent with different destination addresses exist in a channel access signaling queue, the signaling is queued based on the priority of the service to be transmitted, and the signaling with small destination MAC address is prioritized at the same level, wherein the ACK response signaling level is highest, and the RTS signaling and the CTS signaling are the same and have the same priority. Considering the signal transmission characteristics of the directional antenna, the multicast or broadcast data service is degraded into a plurality of independent unicast services, and service link establishment and data transmission are required to be carried out with a target node one by one respectively;
3. after the RTS signaling is sent once, if the CTS response signaling of the destination node is not received in 3 channel access periods, the RTS signaling is sent again. Repeating the above process until the response signaling of the other party is received or the sending times reaches the specified upper limit K;
4. for the signalling minislots of other M-1 other network nodes of a channel access cycle, if the timeslot belongs to a network node in SNThe neighbor node in the state receives the signaling signal by using the antenna of the neighbor node in the antenna combination maintained by the neighbor node; if it belongs to SNNAnd if the state is not the neighbor node, the node is in an idle state on the time slot and abandons the receiving.
Compared with a channel interference model caused by signal broadcast transmission of an omnidirectional antenna, under the condition that a network node completely uses a narrow-band beam directional antenna to receive and transmit signals, the probability of mutual interference of the signals simultaneously transmitted in the network is greatly reduced, so that the spatial multiplexing degree of frequency resources is obviously improved, and the throughput of the whole network is greatly improved.
The microwave network channel access system based on the narrow-band beam directional antenna comprises: the system comprises a distributed antenna system and a microwave network radio station which are connected through optical fibers;
the distributed antenna system comprises L antenna sectors, and can realize 360-degree horizontal coverage of the carrier-based platform; the antenna sectors comprise N narrow-band directional antennas, each antenna sector is responsible for K-degree communication coverage, and L x K is larger than 360 degrees; a switch matrix is used for selecting one narrow-band directional antenna from the L × N narrow-band directional antennas as required to transmit and receive signals, namely, a half-duplex working mechanism is shown in fig. 9;
the microwave network radio station is used for communicating with peripheral nodes.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The microwave network channel access method based on the narrow-band beam directional antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after the network main station is started, accessing a multi-hop ad hoc network with an over-frequency structure, occupying a broadcast signaling time slot of a first sub-frequency based on the running time reference of the multi-hop ad hoc network, and sending a synchronization signal of the multi-hop ad hoc network time reference information by using a plurality of antennas in turn;
s2, capturing the synchronous signal by other network nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network;
s3, after an Xth antenna of a network node which does not access the multi-hop ad hoc network captures a synchronization signal sent by a yth antenna of a certain network-accessed neighbor network node, namely the synchronization signal is successfully captured, the network node which does not access the multi-hop ad hoc network obtains unidirectional synchronization;
s4, the network node realizing one-way synchronization sends broadcast signals by using its broadcast signaling time slot in overclocking according to its MAC address, and continues searching on the broadcast signaling time slots of other network nodes until establishing neighbor link relation, i.e. data service transmission;
s5, the network node of one-way synchronization and the network node of the upper time synchronization utilize the respective broadcast signaling time slot to carry out ranging and carry out path transmission delay correction;
s6, neighbor node mutual discovery mechanism and antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism are used between network nodes to obtain the best transmitting antenna and the best receiving antenna;
the mutual discovery mechanism process of the neighbor nodes is as follows:
t1, allocating M broadcast signaling time slots contained in a superframe to M preplanned nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network according to the MAC address;
t2, the network node after network access sends the synchronous signaling signal of 360 degrees omnidirectional coverage by using L × N antennas in turn in the pre-distributed broadcast signaling time slot;
t3, after the network nodes realize unidirectional synchronization, defining states between M-1 nodes in the network as two types: non-neighbor node state SNNAnd neighbor node state SNWhen the neighboring node does not receive the signaling signal of the opposite side for 5 continuous superframes, the neighboring node is converted into a non-neighboring node; when the non-neighbor node receives the signaling signal of the opposite side, the non-neighbor node is converted into a neighbor node;
t4, node 1 uses one antenna to listen to L x K transmitted by node 2 broadcast time slot of non-neighbor node at a time°If all the synchronous signaling signals in different directions fail to be received, the antenna is replaced on the next broadcast time slot of the node 2 to continue monitoring, the node 1 repeats the receiving process until a certain antenna successfully receives the broadcast synchronous signaling signal sent by a certain antenna of the node 2, namely, the one-way discovery of the neighbor node is completed, and the node 2 of the non-neighbor node is converted into the node 2 of the neighbor node; the order of using antennas starts with odd numbered antennas;
t5, for the node 1, if the Wth antenna is used for completing the unidirectional discovery of the neighbor node of the node 2, the two antennas adjacent to the Wth antenna are used for respectively receiving signals of the 2 subsequent broadcast time slots of the node 2, and the node 1 obtains the optimal receiving antenna for the node 2 and the optimal transmitting antenna corresponding to the optimal receiving antenna of the node 1 according to the signal receiving quality of the three antennas;
t6, node 1 gets the best transmitting antenna number information on its broadcast time slot, and node 2 gets the best antenna number information on its broadcast time slot;
the antenna alignment real-time adjustment mechanism comprises the following specific processes:
after the U1, the node 1 and the node 2 neighbor nodes are discovered mutually, the optimal receiving antenna of the node 1 is the optimal receiving antenna of the node 2, the node 1 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of the node 2 by using the antenna, the receiving result of the root antenna signaling signal of the node 2 by the antenna is recorded, the node 2 monitors the broadcast signaling signal of the node 1 by using the antenna, and the receiving result of the signaling signal of the node 1 by the antenna is recorded; the receiving result is whether the signal is correctly received or not and a signal receiving signal-to-noise ratio when the signal is correctly received;
u2, the node 1 antenna correctly receives the synchronous signaling signal sent by the other antenna of the node 2 for 2 times continuously, and the received signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the signal received signal-to-noise ratio of the currently maintained antenna combination, then the node 1 will update the best receiving antenna and the best transmitting antenna of the node 2 corresponding to the best receiving antenna, and inform the node 2 of the update information of the best transmitting antenna on its broadcast time slot; the node 2 updates the optimal receiving antenna and the optimal transmitting antenna between the node 1 by adopting the same mechanism;
u3, node 1 can not receive the broadcast signaling signal of node 2 correctly in 3 continuous overclocking, then in the last 2 overclocking, the round-robin uses 2 antennas adjacent to the antenna to monitor, if the signal can be received correctly, the antenna combination is updated and the node 2 is informed; if all the receiving fails, the node 1 converts the state of the node 2 into a non-neighbor node, and a neighbor node discovery mechanism is carried out again; the node 2 also adopts the same mechanism to maintain the neighbor relation;
s7, based on the best sending antenna and the best receiving antenna, randomly accessing a sub-frequency channel of a superframe structure to an A time slot, and accessing a channel of each time slot to a small time slot; the number of the channels of the sub-frequency is more than one, and the number of the channels of each A time slot is more than one;
s8, and
the A time slots are a channel access period, and in one period, M channel access small time slots are distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC address fixing average.
2. The microwave network channel access method based on narrowband beam directional antenna of claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, in the multi-hop ad hoc network with the over-frequency structure, one over-frequency consists of M sub-frequencies, where M represents the number of preset network nodes before the network is turned on; the typical preset values of the number of the preset network nodes are as follows: 2. 4, 8, 12;
one sub-frequency comprises three types of time slots with different functions: broadcasting signaling time slot BS, channel random access time slot A and data transmission time slot D;
the broadcast signaling time slots comprise L × N broadcast signaling small time slots and 1 time delay protection time slot, and are used for a certain network node L × N narrow-band beam directional antennas in the multi-hop ad hoc network to send a signaling signal in turn, wherein M broadcast signaling time slots in one super frequency are uniformly distributed to M preset network nodes according to MAC address fixation;
the channel random access time slot comprises 4 small signaling time slots and 4 corresponding time delay protection time slots, and is fixedly allocated to 4 different network nodes for use according to the MAC address; 4 different network nodes can send a service link establishment application signal RTS, a service link establishment agreement signal CTS and a data time slot receiving CRC result response on own small time slot;
the data transmission time slot is used for data transmission among network nodes, the time length is 10ms, and the network nodes use the channel random time slot to reserve data time slot resources;
the time length of an overclock is:
Tf＝40*M+17*M*TG+(L*N+M)*M*Ts；
wherein, TsFor the length of time of the signalling signal, TGFor time delay protection time, L is the number of sectors, and N is the number of narrowband wave velocity directional antennas installed in each sector;
the network master station is a microwave network radio station, and the multi-hop ad hoc network running time reference is a microwave network radio station time reference; and the MAC address of the microwave network radio station is 0.
3. The microwave network channel access method based on narrowband beam-oriented antenna according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the specific process is: other network nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network capture the synchronous signals by using odd-numbered antennas in turn, and then capture the synchronous signals by using even-numbered antennas after the capture fails, and the process is circulated until a certain antenna successfully captures the synchronous signals; wherein each antennaHas an acceptance time of Tf+TsI.e. a superframe time plus the time length of a signaling signal; and other nodes of the multi-hop ad hoc network comprise nodes which are accessed to the network and nodes which are not accessed to the network.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the node obtains one-way synchronization, that is, obtains network running time including one-way transmission delay; and the network node which acquires the one-way synchronization is a network node which is not accessed to the network.
5. The microwave network channel access method based on narrowband beam-oriented antenna according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, specifically: the lower time synchronization node D2 successfully receives the synchronization signal carrying the time information sent by the mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in the broadcast time slot thereof in a certain over-frequency, and then the lower time synchronization node D2 also successfully receives the synchronization signal sent by the nth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 in the signal broadcast time slot thereof; the upper time synchronization node D1 calculates the signal transmission delay T of the two nodes according to the synchronization signal correlation peak detection time of the lower time synchronization node D2d：
Td＝(TT-Tsyn-T+(M-N)Ts)/2，
TT is the time interval between the sending of the signal by the Mth antenna of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the detection of the synchronization header signal of the Nth antenna of the lower time synchronization node D2, TsynT is an interval between the broadcast slot of the upper time synchronization node D1 and the broadcast slot of the lower time synchronization node D2 in the superframe structure, which is the time length of the sync header signal;
after the upper time synchronization node D1 calculates the distance between itself and the lower time synchronization node D2, the upper time synchronization node D1 notifies the calculated distance to the upper time synchronization node D1 in the next super-frequency broadcast slot of itself, and corrects the network time reference of itself according to the distance.
6. The method for accessing a microwave network channel based on a narrowband beam-directing antenna according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, the specific procedure is as follows: in the channel access process, according to the channel access rule, the A time slot of RTS, the A time slot of CTS, the D time slot of data transmission and the A time slot mechanism of ACK are adopted, namely, a service sender sends a service transmission establishment link application signaling RTS to a certain target neighbor node on the pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the service sender, and the signaling target node feeds back a service transmission agreement signaling CTS on the pre-allocated channel access small time slot of the signaling destination node after receiving the RTS signaling; wherein, RTS signaling carries attribute information of data service to be transmitted, including service type, priority and data volume, while CTS signaling carries service transmission rate and position information of transmission data time slot; after receiving CTS response signaling of a destination node, a service sender sends service data on a specified data time slot by using an indication rate based on related signaling information; in addition, in the channel access signaling interaction process between the neighbor nodes, the sender uses the optimal transmitting antenna notified by the receiver on the broadcast signaling time slot to transmit the channel access signaling on the own channel access small time slot, and respectively uses the corresponding optimal receiving antenna to receive the signaling possibly sent by the other side on the channel access time slots of other neighbor nodes;
the channel access rules include:
only the neighbor nodes which are discovered mutually can use the transmitting antenna which is informed by the opposite side to send signaling to the opposite side on the access small time slot of the respective pre-distributed channels;
when a pre-allocated channel is accessed to a small time slot, if a plurality of signaling to be sent with different destination addresses exist in a channel access signaling queue, the signaling is queued based on the priority of the service to be transmitted, and the signaling with small destination MAC address is prioritized at the same level, wherein the ACK response signaling has the highest level, and the RTS signaling and the CTS signaling have the same priority; considering the signal transmission characteristics of the directional antenna, the multicast or broadcast data service is degraded into a plurality of independent unicast services, and service link establishment and data transmission are required to be carried out with a target node one by one respectively;
after RTS signaling is sent once, if the CTS response signaling of the destination node is not received in 3 channel access periods, the RTS signaling is sent again; repeating the above process until the response signaling of the other party is received or the sending times reaches the specified upper limit K;
for the signalling minislots of other M-1 other network nodes of a channel access cycle, if the timeslot belongs to a network node in SNThe neighbor node in the state receives the signaling signal by using the antenna of the neighbor node in the antenna combination maintained by the neighbor node; if it belongs to SNNAnd if the state is not the neighbor node, the node is in an idle state on the time slot and abandons the receiving.
7. The microwave network channel access system based on the narrow-band beam directional antenna is characterized by comprising a distributed antenna system and a microwave network radio station which are connected through an optical fiber;
the distributed antenna system comprises L antenna sectors, and can realize 360-degree horizontal coverage of the carrier-based platform; the antenna sectors comprise N narrow-band directional antennas, each antenna sector is responsible for K-degree communication coverage, and L x K is larger than 360 degrees; selecting one narrow-band directional antenna from the L-N narrow-band directional antennas as required through a switch matrix to transmit and receive signals, namely a half-duplex working mechanism;
the microwave network radio station is used for communicating with peripheral nodes.
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