CN108848803B - Air suction type and pneumatic type dual-purpose precision seed sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an air suction type and pneumatic type dual-purpose precise seed metering device, which comprises a front shell, a seed metering disc and a cavity shell, wherein: the front shell and the cavity shell are connected through a buckle, and the seed metering disc is arranged between the front shell and the cavity shell. The pneumatic and pneumatic dual-purpose precise seed metering device can be quickly disassembled, the contact ratio of parts is high, and the pneumatic and pneumatic seed metering device can be switched by only replacing few parts, so that the working efficiency can be greatly improved.

Description

Air-suction and air-pressure dual-purpose precision seed metering device

Technical field

The patent of this invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, specifically involving air-suction and air-pressure dual-purpose precision seed metering devices.

Background technique

With the development of precision agriculture and the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, precision seeding technology occupies an increasingly important position in modern agriculture. Precision seeding machinery has also received widespread attention from countries around the world and has very broad application and development prospects. In terms of seeding technology, precision seed metering is the core. The application of precision seed metering devices can save a large amount of high-quality seeds and reduce unnecessary tedious workload such as seedling setting and thinning. In addition, the performance of precision seed metering devices directly affects the operation results.

At present, domestic pneumatic seed metering devices are mainly air-suction and air-pressure types. The air-suction seed metering device has the advantages of high operating efficiency, high sowing accuracy, low requirements on seed size and shape, and low mechanical vibration; air-suction seed metering device It has the advantages of low seeding height, air flow transporting seeds for seeding, preventing seeds from jumping after falling to the ground, and improving the uniformity of seed spacing and the passing rate of seed spacing. However, the current pneumatic seed metering devices are all separate air suction seed metering devices or pneumatic seed metering devices, which have a single function. The cost of manufacturing them individually is high and the structure is relatively complex, which brings a lot of inconvenience to production practice. .

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional seed metering device with compact and reasonable structure, stable and reliable operation, convenient disassembly, and dual-use air suction and pressure type.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The air-suction and air-pressure dual-purpose seed metering device combines the advantages of air-suction and air-pressure seed metering devices. The function conversion between air-suction and air-pressure is quick, easy to disassemble, and simple to operate.

2. The front shell of the seed metering device and the chamber shell of the seed metering device are connected through snaps. Compared with the traditional bolt connection, the operation is simpler, faster and has an ingenious structure.

3. Adjustable rigid five-level seed scraper with multiple seed scrapers to ensure the uniformity of single seeds.

4. The hollow seed pushing plate ensures smooth flow of positive and negative pressure gas in the space where the seeding plate is located.

5. For the seed metering device in air pressure mode, the height of the seed drop opening where the front shell of the seed metering device enters the seed tray is 20mm higher than the height of the traditional seed metering device, ensuring the stability of population decline and improving seeding accuracy.

In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

An air-suction and air-pressure dual-purpose precision seed metering device includes a front shell, a seed metering disk and a chamber shell, wherein: the front shell and the chamber shell are connected through snaps, and the seed metering plate is installed on The chamber is between the inner cavity of the housing and the front housing.

The seed metering device, wherein: the seed metering device also includes a seed pushing plate and a seed scraper; the front housing includes a bottom plate and an annular wall perpendicular to the bottom plate, and a seed placement tube is provided on the outer surface of the bottom plate. The tube is connected with the seed opening on the bottom plate, and the annular wall is provided with a seed introduction opening.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the lower part of the annular wall is also provided with a seed unloading port, the seed unloading port is provided with a seed unloading port seed blocking plate that matches the seed unloading port, and one end of the seed unloading port seed blocking plate is fixed to the front housing. , the other end of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port is buckled and fixed by the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port.

In the seed metering device described above, the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port is an arc-shaped plate as a whole, and a seed blocking plate boss at the seed unloading port is provided on the inner surface of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port.

Described seed metering device, wherein: there is a longitudinal plate on the upper and lower parts of the seed pushing plate, the seed passing opening is arranged on the upper longitudinal plate, the upper longitudinal plate and the lower longitudinal plate are connected by an inclined plate, the upper longitudinal plate, the lower longitudinal plate and The inclined plate is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, and the upper and lower ends of the lower longitudinal plate are each provided with a fixed opening. The fixed openings are respectively matched with the two fixing posts of the seed pushing plate on the front shell to facilitate seed pushing. The plate is fixed on the front casing, and the fixing pillar is arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the front casing and is a columnar structure protruding outward.

The seed metering device has a cylindrical hole at each end of the seed scraper. The cylindrical hole and the front housing seed scraper fixed column form a hinge mechanism. The fixed column is arranged on the inner surface of the front housing bottom plate to provide a direction for the seed metering device. The outer protruding columnar structure; the other cylindrical hole is matched with the seed scraper adjustment hole on the front housing through ingot nuts and bolts, and the adjustment hole is a long strip hole.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the annular wall of the front shell is provided with four front shell fixing posts on the outermost ring away from the bottom plate, and the front shell is connected to the corresponding holes on the chamber shell through the front shell fixing posts. In cooperation, each buckle is engaged with the two front housing fixing posts.

In the seed metering device, a groove is provided on the fixed column of the front housing, and both ends of the buckle cooperate with the grooves of the fixed column of the front housing.

Described seed metering device, wherein: each end of the buckle has a buckle ear, the shape of the buckle ear is approximately annular with an opening, a fulcrum fixing sleeve is provided in the middle of the buckle, and the two ends of the fulcrum fixing sleeve are The form of a line segment extends outward, and the ends of the line segments respectively form buckle ears. The two buckle ears extend in the same direction and are nearly 90° with the extension direction of the fulcrum fixed sleeve.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the buckle is provided with a first buckle limit section and a second buckle limit section respectively at positions adjacent to the two buckle lugs. The first buckle limit section and the second buckle limit section are respectively arranged. The buckle limit sections extend obliquely outward respectively, and the first buckle limit section, the second buckle limit section and the fulcrum are fixed on the same plane. The first buckle limit section and the second buckle limit section Match with the groove of one front housing fixing column respectively.

In the seed metering device, the fulcrum fixing sleeve is in an unclosed circular shape, and the nail body of the thumb screw is screwed into the threaded hole of the chamber shell through the unclosed circular hole of the fulcrum fixing sleeve point.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the chamber shell is provided with a limiting boss on the inner side close to the fixed column, the limiting boss is provided with a convex edge, the first buckle limit section and the second buckle limit When the first buckle limit segment is engaged in the groove of the fixing column, a part of the buckle position adjacent to the first buckle limit segment and the second buckle limit segment is stuck on the lower part of the convex edge.

The seed metering device also includes a gear ring and a positioning shaft. The seeding plate and the gear ring are fixedly connected by bolts and installed in the chamber shell. The positioning shaft is provided with an annular protruding positioning piece and a plurality of positioning columns. The positioning shaft is evenly arranged on the positioning piece. One end of the positioning shaft is provided with a pin hole on one side of the positioning piece. The positioning shaft is provided with a constriction portion on the other side of the positioning piece. The constriction portion forms a positioning shoulder at one end close to the positioning piece. The constriction is There is a positioning groove at the end far away from the positioning piece.

The seed metering device, wherein: the positioning shaft of the seeding plate matches the shaft hole of the seeding plate, and the pin is inserted into the pin hole; the constriction between the positioning shoulder and the positioning groove interferes with the inner rings of the two bearings. The shaft between the positioning shoulder of the seeding disk positioning shaft and the positioning groove matches with the shaft hole of the chamber shell through two bearings, and the outer rings of the two bearings have an interference fit with the shaft hole.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the elastic retaining ring is fixed in the positioning groove, the elastic retaining ring is in contact with the inner ring of the rear bearing, the outer ring of the rear bearing is in mating contact with the rear limiting shoulder of the shaft hole; the inner ring of the front bearing The outer ring of the front bearing is in contact with the positioning shoulder and the elastic retaining ring on the front limit groove of the shaft hole of the chamber housing is in contact and positioning.

The seed metering device further includes an air channel housing, which is fixedly connected to the back plate of the chamber housing.

Described seed metering device, wherein: the air channel housing body is an unclosed annular shape, the air channel is arranged on the inner surface of the air channel housing body, and its shape is also an unclosed annular shape, and the air extraction port is arranged on the inner surface of the air channel housing body. The outer surface is connected with the air channel, and the air channel of the air channel housing faces the back plate of the chamber housing.

In the seed metering device, the air passage is an outwardly convex circular structure.

The seed metering device further includes a motor. The motor is connected to the back plate of the chamber casing through bolts. The transmission gear at the front end of the motor extends into the chamber casing and meshes with the gear ring for transmission.

The seed metering device, wherein: the chamber shell includes a bottom plate and a ring of side walls surrounding the bottom plate, forming a concave cavity. An axis hole is provided in the center of the bottom plate, and a plurality of arc-shaped strips are provided around the axis hole. shaped hole.

The seed metering device, wherein: the number of the strip holes is 3, the strip holes are arranged at a predetermined distance on the same circumference, the shape and size of the strip holes are the same, and the strip holes are arranged at the same distance, Both ends of each strip hole are arc-shaped.

In the seed metering device, the front housing further includes an air inlet pipe.

In the seed metering device, an air hole screen is provided at the bottom of the air inlet pipe.

In the seed metering device, the seed pushing plate further includes a second seed scraper and an anti-reseeding seed blocking plate.

In the seed metering device, the second seed scraper and the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate are both arranged at the lower part of the seed passage opening adjacent to the seed passage opening, and the second seed scraper is arranged above the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate.

In the seed metering device, the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate and the upper longitudinal plate are at an angle of 120°, and the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate and the second seed scraper are at an angle of 60°.

In the seed metering device, the length of the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate is about 47mm.

A seeder, which includes a seed metering device as described in one of the above.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the air-suction seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 2 is the back view of the overall structure of the air-suction seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 3 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the air-suction seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the front shell of the air-suction seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 5 shows the buckle structure of the front shell of the air-suction and air-pressure dual-purpose seed metering device;

Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the seeding plate;

Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the positioning shaft of the seeding disk;

Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the chamber shell;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the airway structure;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the drive motor structure;

Figure 11 is a front view of the overall structure of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode;;

Figure 12 is the back view of the overall structure of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 13 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 14 is a front view of the front housing of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 15 is the back view of the front housing of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode;

Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port;

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the location and structure of the seed unloading port;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the buckle structure;

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the buckle position assembly;

Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the front housing fixing lug structure;

Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the airway;

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the seed inlet of the front housing;

Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-reseeding seed pushing plate.

The reference numbers are:

1. Front housing, 101. Seed pushing plate, 102. Upper fixed port, 103. Lower fixed port, 104. Front housing fixed lug on the seed pushing plate, 105. Front housing fixed lug, 1051. Groove; 106 , Cylindrical hole on the seed scraper, 107. Adjustment hole for the seed scraper in the front housing, 108. Round hole under the seed scraper, 109. Seed placement port, 110, Seed guide port, 111, Seed unloading port, 112, Seed scraper device, 113. Fixed ears under the seed pushing plate, 114. Fixed ears for the seed scraper on the front shell, 115. Seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port, 1151. Seed blocking plate boss at the seed unloading port, 116. Fixed seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port. port, 117. Seed unloading port seed blocking plate buckle, 118. Seed unloading port seed blocking plate buckle fixing port, 119. Seed inlet, 2. Seed metering plate, 201. Seed metering plate positioning hole, 202. Type hole , 3. Gear ring, 301. Hexagon socket bolt, 4. Seed disk positioning shaft, 401. Seed disk positioning ear, 402. Positioning groove, 403. Positioning shoulder, 404. Pin hole, 5. Retaining ring, 6. Bearing, 7. Chamber shell, 701. Thumb screw, 702. Gas chamber, 703. Fixing lug of seed metering frame, 704. Axis hole, 705. Rear limit shoulder, 706. Seed placement position, 707. Front limiting groove, 708. Front shell fixing ear through hole, 8. Airway shell, 801. Airway shell fixing hole, 802. Air extraction port, 803. Airway, 804. Outside of the airway, 9 , Yuanbao nut, 10, buckle, 1001, buckle ear, 1002, buckle limit 1, 1003, fulcrum fixed point, 1004, buckle limit 2, 11, motor, 1101, transmission gear, 1102, Motor fixing hole, 12. Air pressure front housing, 121. Air inlet, 122. Seed inlet, 123. Air hole screen, 124. Air pressure seed dropping port, 125. Anti-reseeding push plate, 1251. Seed passing port, 1252. Second seed scraper, 1253. Anti-reseeding seed blocking plate

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, when the functional mode of the seed metering device is as an air-suction precision seed metering device, it mainly consists of the front housing 1, the seeding plate 2, the gear ring 3, and the seeding plate positioning shaft 4. , retaining ring 5, bearing 6, chamber shell 7, airway shell 8, ingot nut 9, buckle 10, motor 11.

As shown in Figures 4, 16 and 17, the front housing 1 includes a circular bottom plate and an annular wall perpendicular to the bottom plate. The front housing 1 includes a seed pushing plate 101 and a seed scraper 112, in which the seeds pass through the The seed placement tube 109A on the bottom plate of the front housing 1 enters the seed metering device through the seed placement port 109, which is the interface between the seed placement tube 109A and the bottom plate, and is discharged through the seed guide port 110 provided on the annular wall of the front housing 1. The annular wall of the seed device is perpendicular to the bottom plate. When the front shell is disassembled, the seeds can be discharged through the seed unloading port 111. The seed unloading port 111 is located on the annular wall below the front housing 1. The seed unloading port 111 is provided with a seed unloading port seed blocking plate 115 that matches the seed unloading port 111. One end of the seed unloading port seed blocking plate 115 relies on bolts and nuts to pass through. The seed blocking plate fixing port 116 of the seed unloading port is fixed to the front housing 1 . The buckle 117 of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port is fixed to the front housing 1 by relying on the bolts and nuts at the fixing opening 118 of the buckle of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port. At the same time, the other end of the seed unloading port seed blocking plate 115 is also fixed by the seed unloading port seed blocking plate buckle 117; the seed unloading port seed blocking plate 115 is a curved plate as a whole, and there is an unloading port seed blocking plate 115 on the inner surface. The boss 1151 of the seed blocking plate at the seed opening. When the seed blocking plate 115 at the seed unloading opening is installed, the boss 1151 of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading opening cooperates with the inner wall of the seed unloading opening 111 to limit and fix the seed blocking plate 115 at the seed unloading opening. Bolts and nuts fix the seed unloading port seed blocking plate buckle 117 to the front housing 1 through the buckle fixing opening 118 of the seed unloading port. The seed blocking plate buckle 117 of the seed unloading port uses the fixing opening 118 of the seed blocking plate buckle 118 of the seed unloading port as a hinge point and can rotate. The seed blocking plate 115 of the seed unloading port can rotate using the fixed opening 116 of the seed blocking plate of the seed unloading port as a hinge point. When unloading seeds, you can rotate the buckle 117 of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port so that it does not press against the seed blocking plate 115 at the seed unloading port. At the same time, loosen the bolts and nuts at the fixed opening 116 of the seed blocking plate at the seed unloading port and rotate it. The seed unloading process can be completed by using the seed blocking plate 115 at the seed unloading port. The seed pushing plate 101 has a longitudinal plate on the upper and lower sides. The seed passing opening is arranged on the upper longitudinal plate. The upper longitudinal plate and the lower longitudinal plate are connected by an inclined plate. The upper longitudinal plate, the lower longitudinal plate and the inclined plate are all provided with a plurality of longitudinal plates. Breathing holes, the upper and lower ends of the lower longitudinal plate are each provided with a fixed port 102 and a fixed port 103. The fixed ports 102 and 103 cooperate with the front housing push plate fixing posts 104 and 113 respectively to fix the push plate 101 to the front. On the casing 1, the fixing posts 104 and 113 are arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the front casing 1 and are columnar structures protruding outward. There is a cylindrical hole 106, 108 at each end of the seed scraper 112. The cylindrical hole 108 and the front housing seed scraper fixing post 114 form a hinge mechanism. The fixing post 114 is arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the front housing 1 and is convex outward. The cylindrical hole 106 and the front housing scraper adjustment hole 107 are matched with the ingot nut 9 bolts. The adjustment hole 107 is a long hole. The ingot nut 9 can move in the adjustment hole 107. By moving the ingot up and down, nut, when it reaches the predetermined position, lock the ingot nut 9 to adjust the seed scraping intensity of the seed scraper 112, thereby forming a rigid seed scraping mechanism.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the annular wall of the front casing 1 is provided with four front casing fixing posts 105 on the outermost ring away from the bottom plate, which are arranged on the tabs on the annular wall. Protruding and perpendicular to the tab, the front shell matches the corresponding hole on the chamber shell 7 through the front shell fixing post 105, and the buckle 10 and the chamber shell 7 are fixed by the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003 of the buckle 10 Together, the two ends of the buckle 10 are matched with the grooves of the front housing fixing column 105, so that the front housing 1 and the chamber housing 7 are matched. There are two buckles 10, each buckle 10 is with The two fixed posts 105 cooperate. The connection structure of the buckle 10 and the fixing post 105 is shown in Figures 18 to 20. The buckle 10 is in the shape of a "bow". There is a buckle ear 1001 at each end of the buckle 10. The shape of the buckle ear 1001 is with an opening. Approximately annular, the buckle 10 is provided with a fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003 in the middle. The two ends of the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003 extend outward in the form of line segments. The ends of the line segments respectively constitute buckle ears 1001, and the extensions of the two buckle ears 1001 The direction is the same, and is approximately 90° to the extension direction of the fulcrum fixed sleeve 1003. The buckle 10 is respectively provided with a first buckle limit section 1002 and a second buckle limit section 1004 at positions adjacent to the two buckle ears 1001. The first buckle limit section 1002 and the second buckle limit section The segments 1004 respectively extend obliquely outward, and the first buckle limit segment 1002, the second buckle limit segment 1004 and the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003 are on the same plane; among them, the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003 is in the shape of an unclosed circle. , so that the big head screw 701 can pass. There are four front housing fixing posts 105 on the outer periphery of the port of the front housing 1. Each of the four front housing fixing posts 105 has a groove 1051 on the outside of the upper end. Its function is to connect with the buckle limiting section 1 of the buckle 10 ( 1002) and 2 (1004) cooperate to fix the front housing 1 on the chamber housing 7.

As shown in Figure 5, Figure 8, Figure 18 to Figure 20, the buckle 10 (elastic) is fixed on the chamber shell 7 through the thumb screw 701 of the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003. The chamber shell 7 is provided with a The threaded hole of the thumb screw 701 is matched. The nail body of the thumb screw 701 is screwed into the threaded hole of the chamber shell 7 through the unclosed circular hole of the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003. The size of the nail head is larger than the unclosed circular hole. Tighten onto the circular hole to secure the buckle. The four front housing fixing posts 105 on the periphery of the front port 1 pass through the corresponding front housing fixing lug through holes 708 on the chamber housing 7 and then match with the two buckles 10, among which the front housing fixing posts 105 The groove 1051 on the front housing 1 cooperates with the buckle limiting section 1 (1002) and the buckling limiting section 2 (1004), so that the front housing 1 is fastened to the chamber housing 7. The buckle 10 is fixed on the chamber shell 7 through the thumb screws 701 of the fulcrum fixing sleeve 1003, but both ends of the buckle 10 are elastic, that is, when the front shell 1 is to be removed, force can be used to push the grooves simultaneously 1051 Open the bayonet ears 1001 at both ends of the buckle 10, so that the buckle limit section 1 (1002), the buckle limit section (1004) and the groove 1051 lose their fit, and the front housing 1 can be removed from the chamber. Remove the housing 7. The chamber shell 7 is provided with a limiting boss 106 on the inner side close to the fixed column 105. The limiting boss 106 is provided with a convex edge 1061. When the first buckle limiting section 1002 and the second buckling limiting section 1004 When engaged in the groove 1051 of the fixing column 105, the buckle 10 is stuck on the lower part of the convex edge 1061 at a position adjacent to the first buckle limit section 1002 and the second buckle limit section 1004. When the segment is pulled out of the groove, the buckle 10 can still be limited by the convex edge 1061 to prevent the buckle 10 from popping out.

As shown in Figures 3, 6 to 8, the seeding plate 2 and the gear ring 3 are fixedly connected through three hexagon socket bolts 301 and installed in the chamber shell 7. The positioning shaft 4 is provided with an annular protruding positioning piece, and a plurality of positioning posts 401 are evenly arranged on the positioning piece. The positioning shaft 4 is provided with a pin hole 404 at one end of one side of the positioning piece, and the positioning shaft 4 is provided with a pin hole 404 on the other side of the positioning piece. There is a constricted portion, a positioning shoulder 402 is formed at one end of the constricted portion close to the positioning piece, and a positioning groove 403 is formed at an end of the constricted portion away from the positioning piece. The positioning shaft 4 of the seeding disk cooperates with the shaft hole of the seeding disk. The relative position of the positioning shaft 4 and the disk 2 is maintained through the cooperation of the positioning post 401 and the positioning hole 201 of the seeding disk. At the same time, the pin Pin hole 404 is inserted to limit the axial position of the seed disc. The constriction between the positioning shoulder 402 and the positioning groove 403 has an interference fit with the inner rings of the two bearings 6. The axis between the positioning shoulder 402 and the positioning groove 403 of the seeding disk positioning shaft 4 passes through the two bearings 6 and the chamber. The shaft hole 704 of the housing 7 matches, and the outer rings of the two bearings 6 are an interference fit with the shaft hole 704. Setting the two bearings 6 can make the bearing of the positioning shaft 4 more stable; the elastic retaining ring 5 is fixed on Positioning groove 403, while the elastic retaining ring 5 is in contact with the inner ring of the rear bearing 6, and the outer ring of the rear bearing 6 is in mating contact with the rear limiting shoulder 705 of the shaft hole 704; similarly, the inner ring of the bearing 6 close to the positioning shoulder 402 is in contact with the inner ring of the rear bearing 6. The positioning shoulder 402 is in contact and positioned, and the outer ring of the front bearing 6 is in contact with the elastic retaining ring 5 on the front limiting groove 707 of the shaft hole 704 of the chamber housing 7 (that is, each of the positioning groove 403 and the front limiting groove 707 is provided with A spring retaining ring 5) of the same size, so that the outer rings of the two bearings 6 are positioned by the rear limiting shoulder 705 and the elastic retaining ring 5 on the front limiting groove 707 of the chamber housing 7, plus the outer ring of the bearing 6 The interference fit between the ring and the shaft hole 704 ensures that the two bearings are fixed in the shaft hole 704. The positioning shoulder 402 of the seeding disk positioning shaft 4 and the elastic retaining ring 5 on the positioning groove 403 limit and fix the inner rings of the two bearings 6, plus the inner rings of the two bearings 6, the positioning shoulders 402 and the positioning groove 403. The shaft constriction between them is an interference fit, thereby limiting the axial movement of the seeding plate positioning shaft 4 in the shaft hole 704.

As shown in Figures 2 and 9, the airway housing 8 is connected to the chamber housing 7 through six airway housing fixing holes 801 on the inner and outer rings (three fixing holes 801 are provided on the inner and outer rings respectively). The holes on the board are fixed with screws, and the air flow passes through the air channel 803 on the air channel housing 8 and is discharged through the air extraction port 802. The body of the airway housing 8 has an unclosed annular shape, the airway 803 is provided on the inner surface of the airway housing 8 body, and its shape is also unclosed annular, the air extraction port 802 is provided on the outer surface of the airway housing 8 body, and It is connected with the air channel 803. When the air channel housing 8 is installed, the air channel 803 faces the chamber housing 7.

As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 10, the motor 11 is aligned with the corresponding mounting holes on the chamber housing 7 through the four motor fixing holes 1102 on the housing of the motor 11 and then connected through bolts. The transmission gear 1101 at the front end of the motor 11 extends into the chamber housing 7 and then meshes with the gear ring 3 for transmission. The chamber shell 7 includes a bottom plate and a circle of side walls surrounding the bottom plate, forming a concave cavity. An axis hole is provided in the center of the bottom plate, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip holes are provided around the axis hole to serve as a ventilation chamber. The preferred number of strip holes is three, and the strip holes are arranged at a predetermined distance on the same circumference. Preferably, the strip holes have the same shape and size and are arranged at the same distance. Both ends of each strip hole are arc-shaped, which can reduce wind resistance.

As mentioned above, Figures 1 and 2 are the overall structural assembly diagrams of the air-suction seed metering device whose functional mode is used.

Regarding the structure of a pneumatic seed metering device whose functional mode is a pneumatic seed metering device, the same assembly relationship as the pneumatic seed metering device whose functional mode is a pneumatic seed metering device will not be repeated here, only the differences will be discussed. In the two functional modes of air suction and air pressure, the difference between them is the difference between the front shell and the rear shell. As shown in Figures 14 and 15, in the pneumatic seed metering device functional mode, the front housing 12 has one more air inlet pipe 121 than the front shell 1 in the air suction seed metering device functional mode. The bottom of the air inlet pipe 121 is set There is an air hole screen 123, and the air hole screen 123 can make the gas enter the seed metering device evenly. In addition, the seeds enter from the seed feeding tube 122 and reach the pneumatic seed dropping port 124 (that is, the interface between the seed feeding tube 122 and the bottom plate) to form a population. The pneumatic seed dropping port 124 is compared with the front housing of the seed metering device in the air suction function mode. The seed drop opening 109 of 1 is 20mm high to ensure the stability of the population falling at the seed drop opening 124 in the air pressure mode. The functional mode is that the pneumatic seed metering device does not have an airway housing 8.

For the air-suction seed metering device, as shown in Figures 2 and 9, the airway housing 8 passes through six airway housing fixing holes 801 in the inner and outer rings (three fixing holes 801 are provided in each of the inner and outer rings) The hole on the back plate of the chamber housing 7 is fixed with screws, and the airflow is discharged from the gas chamber 702 through the air channel 803 on the air channel housing 8 through the air extraction port 802. As shown in Figures 9 and 21, the airway 803 has an outwardly convex circular structure. It can be seen from the outside 804 of the airway that it has an outwardly convex semicircular structure. Setting the air channel 803 into a convex semicircular structure is conducive to the smooth and even flow of gas through the air channel 803. Because the air channel 803 has a convex semicircular structure and has no sudden structural changes, the gas will flow smoothly and the air pressure will be stable. , the stable air pressure of the air channel housing 8 can ensure the stable air pressure of the gas chamber 702 and ensure the good seeding effect of the seeding disk 2, that is, the seeding performance of the seed metering device is stable.

As mentioned above, Figures 11 to 13 are the overall assembly diagrams of the pneumatic seed metering device in functional mode.

The working process of the seed metering device of the present invention is as follows:

When the functional mode of the seed metering device works as an air-suction type seed metering device, its general assembly diagram is shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 6 and Figure 22. As shown in Figure 8, there are three fixing ears 703 of the seed metering device frame. It is integrated with the chamber shell 7 (the chamber shell 7 is molded). Each fixing ear 703 is provided with a mounting hole, and three seed metering frame fixing ears 703 are fixed on the corresponding workpiece with bolts. on the frame (such as the frame of the seeder) to fix the seed metering device. Connect the negative pressure port of the fan to the air extraction port 802 to provide negative pressure for the gas chamber 702 in the chamber housing 7. The seed inlet 119 of the seed placement tube 109A is connected to the seed box. The seeds in the seed box can be transferred from the front shell The seed inlet 119 of the seed inlet tube 109A of the body 1 enters and reaches the seed placement port 109. Due to the negative pressure of the gas chamber 702, the seeds can be adsorbed on the type holes 202 on the seed metering plate 2. The type holes 202 are strips. shaped hole. The motor 11 controlled by the microcontroller drives the gear ring 3 meshed with the transmission gear 111, and the rotation of the gear ring 3 drives the rotation of the seeding disk 2. Under the action of the negative pressure gas chamber 702, the seeds in the holes on the outer circumference of the seeding disk 2 reach the seeding position 706 as the seeding disk 2 rotates (since there is no gas chamber 702 in the seeding position 706, negative pressure cannot be provided. ), the seeds are discharged from the seed guide port 110 by their own weight, completing the seed arrangement.

When the functional mode of the seed metering device works as a pneumatic seed metering device, the seed metering device is fixed on the frame in the same manner as above, and the fan outlet is connected to the air inlet pipe 121 on the pneumatic front housing 12, which is the seed metering plate 2 The front side provides air pressure, and the gas entering from the air inlet pipe 121 is discharged from the gas chamber 702 . Therefore, when the type hole 202 on the seeding disk 2 is in the position of the gas chamber 702, the seeds on the type hole are temporarily fixed in the corresponding position by the air pressure. When the type hole 202 on the seeding disk 2 reaches the seed placement position 706, Because the air flow cannot pass through the seed placement position 706 of the chamber shell 7 due to the obstruction of the housing wall, there is no air pressure at the seed placement position 706. The seeds arriving there are discharged from the seed discharge port by their own weight, completing the seed placement process.

For the pneumatic seed metering device, the present invention also improves the structure of the seed pushing plate and provides an anti-reseeding seed pushing plate 125. As shown in Figures 4 and 23, the anti-reseeding seed pushing plate 125 is better than the seed pushing plate 101. There are two more structures, namely the second seed scraper 1252 and the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253. The second seed scraper 1252 and the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253 are both disposed at the lower part of the seed passage opening 1251 and adjacent to the seed passage opening. The second seed scraper 1252 is disposed above the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253, wherein the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253 The plate 1253 and the upper longitudinal plate form an angle of 120°, the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253 and the second seed scraper 1252 form an angle of 60°, and the length of the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253 is approximately 47 mm. The same parts of the anti-replay seed pushing plate 125 and the seed pushing plate 101 will not be repeated here. As shown in Figures 15 and 23, when the seeds form a population in the pneumatic seeding port 124, the gas passes through the air hole screen 123 from the air inlet 121 into the air chamber between the seeding plate 2 and the air pressure front housing 12 , air pressure will be generated, which will cause air flow disturbance to the population at the seed drop opening 124, and the seeds of the population will splash, causing the seeds to fly past the seed opening 1251 during the splashing process, causing re-seeding. After adding the anti-reseeding seed blocking plate 1253, it can effectively prevent the seeds from splashing upward and crossing the seed opening 1251. In addition, during the seeding operation of the seed metering device, the seeds of the population at the pneumatic seed dropping port 124 will be pressed against the seeding plate 2. As the seeding plate 2 rotates and reaches the position of the seed scraper 112, it will be The seed scraper 112 performs the first seed cleaning work. When it reaches the second seed scraper 1252 position, it will be cleaned for the second time. Since the size of the seed passage 1251 is designed according to the maximum size of a single corn seed, if the first two seed cleanings fail, the seed passage 1251 can be used for the third seed cleaning. Through the triple clearing of the anti-reseeding pushing plate 125, the reseeding rate during seeding by the seed metering device can be greatly reduced.

The air-suction type and air-pressure type dual-purpose precision seed metering device of the present invention can be quickly disassembled, and the parts have a high degree of overlap. Only a few parts need to be replaced, and the air-suction type and air-pressure type seed metering device can be disassembled quickly. Switching can greatly improve work efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a dual-purpose accurate volume seed metering ware of air-aspiration formula barometric, includes procapsid, seed metering dish and cavity casing, its characterized in that: the front shell is connected with the cavity shell through a buckle, and the seed sowing plate is arranged between the inner cavity of the cavity shell and the front shell; the seed sowing device also comprises a seed pushing plate and a seed scraping device; the front shell comprises a bottom plate and an annular wall perpendicular to the bottom plate, a seed dropping pipe is arranged on the outer surface of the bottom plate and communicated with a seed dropping port on the bottom plate, and a seed guiding port is arranged on the annular wall; the upper end and the lower end of the lower longitudinal plate are respectively provided with a fixed port, the fixed ports are respectively matched with two pushing plate fixing columns on the front shell so as to fix the pushing plate on the front shell, and the fixing columns are arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the front shell and are of outwards-protruding columnar structures; the front shell fixing column is provided with a groove, and two ends of the buckle are matched with the groove of the front shell fixing column;

the dual-purpose accurate seed metering ware of air-aspiration formula atmospheric pressure can carry out the function conversion between air-aspiration atmospheric pressure, convenient to detach, wherein:

in the functional mode of the pneumatic precise seed sowing device, the front shell further comprises an air inlet pipe, and an air hole sieve is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet pipe and used for enabling air to uniformly enter the seed sowing device; seeds enter from the seed inlet pipe and reach the pneumatic seed dropping port to form a population, wherein the pneumatic seed dropping port is higher than the seed dropping port of the front shell of the seed metering device in the air suction function mode;

in the functional mode of the air suction type precise seed metering device, an air passage shell is fixed with a hole on a back plate of a cavity shell through 6 air passage shell fixing holes on an inner ring and an outer ring by using screws, and air flow is discharged from an air chamber through an air passage on the air passage shell through an air extraction hole; the air passage is of a convex semicircular structure.

2. The seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the annular wall is also provided with a seed discharging port, the seed discharging port is provided with a seed discharging port baffle plate matched with the seed discharging port, one end of the seed discharging port baffle plate is fixed with the front shell, and the other end of the seed discharging port baffle plate is fixed by a seed discharging port baffle plate buckle.

3. The seed metering device of claim 2, wherein: the whole seed discharging port baffle plate is an arc-shaped plate, and a seed discharging port baffle plate boss is arranged on the inner surface of the seed discharging port baffle plate.

4. The seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the seed scraping device are respectively provided with a cylindrical hole, the cylindrical hole and a front shell seed scraping device fixing column form a hinge mechanism, and the fixing column is arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the front shell and is of a columnar structure protruding outwards; the other cylindrical hole is matched with a seed scraper adjusting hole on the front shell through a shoe-shaped gold ingot nut bolt, and the adjusting hole is a strip-shaped hole.

5. The seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the annular wall of the front shell is provided with four front shell fixing columns far away from the outermost ring of the bottom plate, the front shell is matched with corresponding holes on the cavity shell through the front shell fixing columns, and each buckle is respectively connected with the two front shell fixing columns in a clamping mode.

6. The seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: still include gear circle and locating shaft, seed metering dish and gear circle pass through bolt fixed connection, install in the cavity casing, are equipped with annular evagination spacer on the locating shaft, and a plurality of reference columns evenly set up on the spacer, and the locating shaft is equipped with the post pinhole in the one end of spacer one side, and the locating shaft is equipped with the neck portion in the spacer opposite side, and the neck portion is close to the one end of spacer and is formed with the location shoulder, and the neck portion is equipped with the constant head tank in the one end of keeping away from the spacer.

7. A planter comprising a seed metering device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.