CN108832277A - An Inductively Loaded Miniaturized Antenna - Google Patents
An Inductively Loaded Miniaturized Antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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Abstract
一种电感加载的小型化天线，包括介质基板、设置在介质基板上的微带传输线和辐射单元、设置在介质基板下面的部分接地面，所述辐射单元包括C形辐射单元和倒C形辐射单元，所述倒C形辐射单元和/或倒C形辐射单元上有加载电感，C形辐射单元和倒C形辐射单元与微带传输线相连，微带传输线与射频连接器的内导体连接，射频连接器的外导体与部分接地面连接。本该天线采用电感加载和弯折技术，有效降低天线的尺寸和体积，实现天线的一体化、多频带、宽带和圆极化的设计，且该设计节省空间，有利于天线的小型化设计。该天线具有成本低、体积小、易集成、多功能的特点，可广泛应用于各种电子移动通信设备中。
An inductively loaded miniaturized antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line and a radiation unit disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a part of the ground plane disposed under the dielectric substrate, the radiation unit comprising a C-shaped radiation unit and an inverted C-shaped radiation unit The inverted C-shaped radiating unit and/or the inverted C-shaped radiating unit has a loaded inductance, the C-shaped radiating unit and the inverted C-shaped radiating unit are connected to a microstrip transmission line, and the microstrip transmission line is connected to the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, The outer conductor of the RF connector is connected to part of the ground plane. The antenna adopts inductive loading and bending technology, which effectively reduces the size and volume of the antenna, and realizes the integrated, multi-band, broadband and circular polarization design of the antenna, and the design saves space and is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna. The antenna has the characteristics of low cost, small size, easy integration and multi-function, and can be widely used in various electronic mobile communication devices.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种天线结构，尤其涉及一种一种电感加载的小型化天线。The invention relates to an antenna structure, in particular to an inductively loaded miniaturized antenna.
背景技术Background technique
天线是无线电通讯、广播、导航、雷达、测控、微波遥感和射电天文等各种无线电系统必不可少的设备之一。随着社会的进步和信息技术的发展，如何将天线缩小后集成到小型便携式设备内,并满足带宽和增益等特性上的要求,是现代天线设计面临的挑战，通信设备均要求尽量减小体积。在5G的研究背景下，各种新的应用不断涌现，比如无人驾驶、物联网等，对更高移动通信速率和更大通信容量的需求迫在眉睫。随着电子产品种类和数量的增多，人们对电子设备便携小巧的要求不断提高,使电子电路集成技术得到了迅猛的发展,系统中各部分组成电路的尺寸随之缩小。从而，用作系统终端部分的天线也面临着小型化的挑战，而天线小型化考虑的重点在于性能与尺寸之间的权衡。因此，天线的设计也正朝着小型化、宽带、多频带的方向发展。如何将这些优点集于一体是现代天线研究需要克服的一道难关。近些年来，也有许多国内外的研究者设计出了各种类型的天线，但是这些天线多是在牺牲其他的一些优点的基础上设计出来的，不能同时满足天线的小型化、多频带的设计要求。利用感性加载的小型化天线不仅能够缩小天线的体积，还能根据需要设计出小型化的多频带天线，同时加载谐振枝节，就能设计出集多频带、宽带和小型化于一体的天线。Antenna is one of the essential equipment for various radio systems such as radio communication, broadcasting, navigation, radar, measurement and control, microwave remote sensing and radio astronomy. With the progress of society and the development of information technology, how to reduce the size of the antenna and integrate it into a small portable device, and meet the requirements of bandwidth and gain characteristics, is a challenge for modern antenna design. Communication devices are required to minimize the volume . In the context of 5G research, various new applications continue to emerge, such as unmanned driving, Internet of Things, etc., and the demand for higher mobile communication rates and greater communication capacity is imminent. With the increase in the types and quantities of electronic products, people's requirements for portable and compact electronic equipment have been continuously improved, which has led to the rapid development of electronic circuit integration technology, and the size of the circuits of each part of the system has been reduced accordingly. Therefore, the antenna used as the terminal part of the system is also facing the challenge of miniaturization, and the focus of antenna miniaturization is the trade-off between performance and size. Therefore, the design of the antenna is also developing in the direction of miniaturization, broadband, and multi-band. How to integrate these advantages into one is a difficulty that modern antenna research needs to overcome. In recent years, many researchers at home and abroad have designed various types of antennas, but these antennas are mostly designed on the basis of sacrificing some other advantages, and cannot meet the miniaturization and multi-band design of the antenna at the same time. Require. The miniaturized antenna with inductive loading can not only reduce the size of the antenna, but also design a miniaturized multi-band antenna according to the needs. At the same time, by loading the resonant stub, an antenna integrating multi-band, broadband and miniaturization can be designed.
Abdelheq Boukarkar等人在2017年提出了单馈电的小型化天线，通过在辐射边缘上加载短路化金属瞳孔来减小尺寸，通过加载刻蚀的U形槽来获得多频带，但是该天线结构复杂，难于调整。Akanksha Farswan等人于2016年提出了一种分形的圆极化天线，通过在单探针处两个平面内放置两个不对称的分形结构，实现圆极化，但是该天线尺寸稍大。本发明旨在提出一种小型化、多功能天线，通过电感加载的方式，实现小型化设计，同时可以实现多频带，宽带，圆极化等设计。Abdelheq Boukarkar et al. proposed a single-feed miniaturized antenna in 2017, which reduces the size by loading a short-circuited metal pupil on the radiation edge, and obtains multiple frequency bands by loading an etched U-shaped slot, but the structure of the antenna is complex , difficult to adjust. Akanksha Farswan et al. proposed a fractal circularly polarized antenna in 2016. By placing two asymmetric fractal structures in two planes at a single probe, circular polarization is achieved, but the size of the antenna is slightly larger. The present invention aims to provide a miniaturized and multifunctional antenna, which realizes miniaturized design through inductive loading, and at the same time can realize multi-band, broadband, circular polarization and other designs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了提供一种一体化、小型化、多频带、成本低、体积小、易集成的电感加载的小型化天线。The object of the present invention is to provide an integrated, miniaturized, multi-band, low-cost, small-volume and easy-to-integrate inductively loaded miniaturized antenna.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种电感加载的小型化天线，包括介质基板、设置在介质基板上的微带传输线和辐射单元、设置在介质基板下面的部分接地面，所述辐射单元包括C形辐射单元和倒C形辐射单元，所述倒C形辐射单元和/或倒C形辐射单元上有加载电感，C形辐射单元和倒C形辐射单元与微带传输线相连，微带传输线与射频连接器的内导体连接，射频连接器的外导体与部分接地面连接。An inductively loaded miniaturized antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line and a radiation unit disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a part of the ground plane disposed under the dielectric substrate, the radiation unit comprising a C-shaped radiation unit and an inverted C-shaped radiation unit The inverted C-shaped radiating unit and/or the inverted C-shaped radiating unit has a loaded inductance, the C-shaped radiating unit and the inverted C-shaped radiating unit are connected to a microstrip transmission line, and the microstrip transmission line is connected to the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, The outer conductor of the RF connector is connected to part of the ground plane.
本发明还包括这样一些结构特征：The present invention also includes such structural features:
1、C形辐射单元和倒C形辐射单元对称；1. The C-shaped radiation unit and the inverted C-shaped radiation unit are symmetrical;
2、在所述C形辐射单元和/或倒C形辐射单元内部设置枝节；2. Setting branches inside the C-shaped radiation unit and/or the inverted C-shaped radiation unit;
3、所述枝节呈L形、F形或倒L形。3. The branches are L-shaped, F-shaped or inverted L-shaped.
本发明提出一种电感加载的小型化天线，该天线采用微带传输线馈电，将天线的两个不同的谐振单元采用不同的结构进行设计，充分发挥每个辐射单元的特点，采用电感加载技术，实现天线的小型化、多频带、圆极化的设计。该天线具有结构简单，剖面低，设计灵活性高的特点，可以满足实际工程的需求。The present invention proposes an inductively loaded miniaturized antenna. The antenna is fed by a microstrip transmission line, and the two different resonant units of the antenna are designed with different structures to give full play to the characteristics of each radiating unit. The inductive loading technology is adopted. , to realize the miniaturization, multi-band, and circular polarization design of the antenna. The antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, low profile and high design flexibility, which can meet the needs of practical engineering.
本发明所述天线的第一C形辐射单元和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元面对面放置，且采用电感加载的方式降低天线的尺寸，增强天线的带宽，有利于实现天线的阻抗匹配和小型化设计。通过调整第一C形辐射单元和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元的尺寸，可以调节天线的谐振频率，使天线具有良好的阻抗匹配，满足宽带、多频带的设计需求，且每个频带可以独立设计。The first C-shaped radiating unit and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit of the antenna of the present invention are placed face to face, and the inductive loading method is used to reduce the size of the antenna and enhance the bandwidth of the antenna, which is conducive to realizing the impedance matching and matching of the antenna. Miniaturized design. By adjusting the size of the first C-shaped radiating unit and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be adjusted, so that the antenna has good impedance matching and meets the design requirements of broadband and multi-band, and each frequency band Can be designed independently.
本发明所述天线采用微带传输线对各个辐射单元进行馈电，馈电方式简单，并且馈电端口可以根据实际情况进行灵活地调整，实现小型化。The antenna of the present invention adopts a microstrip transmission line to feed power to each radiation unit, and the feeding mode is simple, and the feeding port can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation to realize miniaturization.
本发明所述天线第一倒C形辐射单元的内部，可以加载L形或者倒L形枝节，实现更多频带的设计。The interior of the first inverted C-shaped radiating unit of the antenna of the present invention can be loaded with L-shaped or inverted L-shaped branches to realize the design of more frequency bands.
本发明所述天线的第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元采用加载电感的结构，不仅减小了天线的纵向设计尺寸，同时增加了电流的路径，相当于引入了电感，可以展宽天线的阻抗带宽。The second inductance-loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit of the antenna of the present invention adopts the structure of loading inductance, which not only reduces the longitudinal design size of the antenna, but also increases the current path, which is equivalent to introducing an inductance, which can broaden the impedance of the antenna bandwidth.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明采用了微带传输线对第一C形辐射单元和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元进行馈电，天线结构简单，且每个频率可以单独设计，便于满足工程需求。The invention uses a microstrip transmission line to feed the first C-shaped radiating unit and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit, the antenna structure is simple, and each frequency can be independently designed to meet engineering requirements.
本发明所设计的天线的第一C形辐射单元和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元均采用单极子形式，且采用弯曲形结构，减小天线的尺寸，通过调节每个辐射单元的尺寸，控制天线的谐振频率和阻抗带宽。该天线采用了电感加载的方式设计其中一个辐射单元，不仅降低了天线的纵向尺寸，而且有利于实现宽带匹配，实现小型化的需求。此外，该天线还可以设计不同的臂长，设计圆极化天线，或者在第一C形辐射单元和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元的内部增加枝节，实现多频带天线的设计。Both the first C-shaped radiating unit and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit of the antenna designed in the present invention are in the form of a monopole, and adopt a curved structure to reduce the size of the antenna. By adjusting the size, which controls the resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna uses inductive loading to design one of the radiation elements, which not only reduces the longitudinal size of the antenna, but also facilitates broadband matching and miniaturization. In addition, the antenna can also be designed with different arm lengths, circularly polarized antennas, or add branches inside the first C-shaped radiating unit and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit to realize the design of a multi-band antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施实例1所设计天线的俯视图；Fig. 1 is the plan view of the designed antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施实例1所设计天线的侧视图；Fig. 2 is the side view of the designed antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施实例1的反射系数；Fig. 3 is the reflection coefficient of embodiment example 1 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施实例1在3.5GHz的方向图；Fig. 4 is the directional diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention at 3.5GHz;
图5是本发明实施实例1在5.4GHz的方向图；Fig. 5 is the directional diagram at 5.4GHz of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施实例2的俯视图。Fig. 6 is a top view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
结合图1和图2，本发明实施实例1设计了一种电感加载的小型化天线，采用微带传输线101对第一C形辐射单元102和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103进行馈电，采用电感加载技术和弯曲技术减小天线尺寸，实现天线一体化、小型化、多频带的设计。该天线具有结构简单，剖面低，设计灵活性高，体积小的特点，有利于实际工程的需求。In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the implementation example 1 of the present invention designs an inductively loaded miniaturized antenna, using a microstrip transmission line 101 to feed the first C-shaped radiating unit 102 and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit 103 Electricity, using inductive loading technology and bending technology to reduce the size of the antenna, to achieve integrated antenna, miniaturization, multi-band design. The antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, low profile, high design flexibility, and small volume, which is beneficial to the needs of practical engineering.
本发明实施实例1所涉及的天线主要包括介质基板105，微带传输线101，第一C形辐射单元102，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103，加载电感104，以及置于介质基板下面的部分接地面106，微带传输线101通过射频连接器的内导体传输信号，连接器外导体与部分接地面106相连。该天线通过微带传输线101直接对第一C形辐射单元102，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103进行馈电，通过合理调节第一C形辐射单元102，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103以及加载电感104的尺寸，可以使该天线达到很好的匹配，从而可以实现该天线的小型化、多频带、宽带和圆极化设计。所设计的天线按照图1所示的结构印刷在介质基板上，介质基板的另一面刻蚀有部分接地面。The antenna involved in Embodiment 1 of the present invention mainly includes a dielectric substrate 105, a microstrip transmission line 101, a first C-shaped radiating unit 102, a second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit 103, a loading inductor 104, and placed under the dielectric substrate. Part of the ground plane 106 , the microstrip transmission line 101 transmits signals through the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, and the outer conductor of the connector is connected to part of the ground plane 106 . The antenna directly feeds the first C-shaped radiating element 102 and the second inductively loaded inverted-C radiating element 103 through the microstrip transmission line 101. By properly adjusting the first C-shaped radiating element 102, the second inductively loaded inverted-C The size of the shaped radiating element 103 and the loading inductor 104 can make the antenna well matched, so that the miniaturization, multi-band, broadband and circular polarization design of the antenna can be realized. The designed antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate according to the structure shown in Figure 1, and a part of the ground plane is etched on the other side of the dielectric substrate.
该天线的阻抗带宽和谐振频率主要是由第一C形辐射单元102和第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元以103及加载电感104的尺寸决定。The impedance bandwidth and resonant frequency of the antenna are mainly determined by the size of the first C-shaped radiating element 102 and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating element 103 and the loading inductance 104 .
本发明实施实例1所设计的天线的第一C形辐射单元102，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103可以单独进行设计。为了增加天线的谐振频带，可以在第一C形辐射单元102，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元103内部增加L形，F形或者倒L形枝节实现多频带设计或者宽带天线设计。The first C-shaped radiating element 102 and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating element 103 of the antenna designed in Example 1 of the present invention can be designed separately. In order to increase the resonant frequency band of the antenna, L-shaped, F-shaped or inverted L-shaped branches can be added inside the first C-shaped radiating unit 102 and the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit 103 to realize multi-band design or broadband antenna design.
图3为本发明实施实例1的反射系数，从图中可以看出设计的天线可以工作在3.4-3.6GHz和5.0GHz-5.6GHz，且反射系数小于-10dB，满足WiMAX和WLAN，WiFi以及5G子频带的通信需求。Fig. 3 is the reflection coefficient of the implementation example 1 of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the designed antenna can work at 3.4-3.6GHz and 5.0GHz-5.6GHz, and the reflection coefficient is less than -10dB, which meets WiMAX and WLAN, WiFi and 5G Sub-band communication needs.
图4和图5为本发明实施实例1辐射方向图，从图中可以看出，所设计的天线在3.5GHz和5.4GH在具有较好的全向辐射特性，可以满足WiMAX和WLAN，WiFi以及5G子频带辐射特性的需求。Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the radiation patterns of embodiment 1 of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, the designed antenna has better omnidirectional radiation characteristic at 3.5GHz and 5.4GH, can satisfy WiMAX and WLAN, WiFi and 5G sub-band radiation characteristics requirements.
图6为本发明实施实例2的结构图，天线主要包括介质基板，微带传输线201，第一C形辐射单元202，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元203，加载电感204，倒L形枝节205，以及置于介质基板下面的部分接地面，微带传输线201通过射频连接器的内导体传输信号，给第一C形辐射单元202，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元203和倒L形枝节205馈电，连接器外导体与部分接地面相连。通过合理调节第一C形辐射单元202，第二电感加载的倒C形辐射单元203以及加载电感和倒L形枝节205的尺寸，可以使该天线达到很好的匹配，从而可以实现该天线的小型化、多频带、宽带设计。所设计的天线按照图6所示的结构印刷在介质基板上，介质基板的另一面刻蚀有部分接地面。Fig. 6 is the structural diagram of the embodiment 2 of the present invention, and the antenna mainly includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line 201, a first C-shaped radiating unit 202, a second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit 203, a loaded inductance 204, and an inverted L-shaped Branches 205, and part of the ground plane placed under the dielectric substrate, the microstrip transmission line 201 transmits signals through the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, to the first C-shaped radiating unit 202, the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating unit 203 and the inverted The L-shaped stub 205 feeds power, and the outer conductor of the connector is connected to part of the ground plane. By reasonably adjusting the size of the first C-shaped radiating element 202, the second inductively loaded inverted C-shaped radiating element 203, the loaded inductance and the inverted L-shaped branch 205, the antenna can be well matched, so that the antenna can be realized. Miniaturized, multi-band, broadband design. The designed antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate according to the structure shown in FIG. 6 , and a part of the ground plane is etched on the other side of the dielectric substrate.
综上所述，本发明所设计的一种电感加载的小型化天线，采用微带传输线对天线辐射单元进行馈电，该天线每个谐振频率可以单独设计，且每个频带可以根据相关的辐射单元进行调节。该天线采用电感加载和弯折技术，有效降低天线的尺寸和体积，实现天线的一体化、多频带、宽带和圆极化的设计，且该设计节省空间，有利于天线的小型化设计，同时也可以实现该天线的圆极化设计。该天线具有成本低、体积小、易集成、多功能的特点，可广泛应用于各种电子移动通信设备中。In summary, the inductively loaded miniaturized antenna designed by the present invention uses a microstrip transmission line to feed the antenna radiation unit, each resonant frequency of the antenna can be designed separately, and each frequency band can be based on the relevant radiation unit to adjust. The antenna adopts inductive loading and bending technology, which effectively reduces the size and volume of the antenna, and realizes the integrated, multi-band, broadband and circular polarization design of the antenna, and the design saves space, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna. A circularly polarized design of the antenna is also possible. The antenna has the characteristics of low cost, small size, easy integration and multi-function, and can be widely used in various electronic mobile communication devices.
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Application publication date: 20181116 |