CN108823509A - 具有优异抗氧化性、良好高温强度和良好成形性的铁素体不锈钢 - Google Patents
具有优异抗氧化性、良好高温强度和良好成形性的铁素体不锈钢 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910006639 Si—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
制备了具有良好抗氧化性、良好高温强度和良好成形性的铁素体不锈钢,其具有Ti添加物和低的Al含量以用于由等轴铸态晶粒结构产生的室温成形性。加入铌(铌(niobium))和铜以用于高温强度。加入硅和锰以用于抗氧化性。铁素体不锈钢提供与18Cr‑2Mo和15Cr‑Cb‑Ti‑Si‑Mn的铁素体不锈钢相比更好的抗氧化性。另外,它们通常与18Cr‑2Mo相比制造成本更低。
Description
Eizo Yoshitake
本申请要求2012年8月31日提交的发明名称为“具有优异抗氧化性和良好高温强度及良好成形性的铁素体不锈钢”的第61/695,771号临时专利申请、以及2013年3月15日提交的发明名称为“具有优异抗氧化性、良好高温强度和良好成形性的铁素体不锈钢”的第13/837,500号非临时专利申请的优先权益。第61/695,771号申请和第13/837,500号申请的公开内容各自通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
期望制备具有抗氧化性、高温强度和良好成形性特征的铁素体不锈钢。加入一定量的铌和铜以提供高温强度,并且加入一定量的硅和锰以提供抗氧化性。本文的铁素体不锈钢提供与诸如18Cr-2Mo和15Cr-Cb-Ti-Si-Mn的已知不锈钢相比更好的抗氧化性。另外,本文的铁素体不锈钢与诸如18Cr-2Mo的其他不锈钢相比制造成本更低并且可无需热带退火步骤来制备。
概述
制备本文的铁素体不锈钢,其具有钛添加物和低的铝浓度以提供等轴铸态晶粒结构的室温成形性,如美国专利第6,855,213号和第5,868,875号所公开的,其全部公开内容通过引用各自并入本文。将铌和铜加入铁素体不锈钢中以用于高温强度并且加入硅和锰以改善抗氧化性。
详述
使用本领域中已知的用于制造铁素体不锈钢的工艺条件,例如在第6,855,213和5,868,875号美国专利中所述的工艺,来制备铁素体不锈钢。将铌和铜加入铁素体不锈钢中以用于高温强度并且加入硅和锰以改善抗氧化性。其可由具有等轴细晶粒的铸态结构的材料制备。
在诸如电弧炉的熔炉中提供用于铁素体不锈钢的亚铁熔体。该亚铁熔体可在熔炉中由固体铁轴承废料,碳钢废料,不锈钢废料,包括铁氧化物、铁碳化物、直接还原铁、热压铁块(hot briquetted iron)的固体含铁材料来形成,或者该熔体可在鼓风炉或任何其他能够提供亚铁熔体的铁熔炼单元中的熔炉的上游制备。随后亚铁熔体将在熔炉中精炼或被转移至诸如氩-氧-脱碳容器或真空-氧-脱碳容器的精炼容器,随后转移至诸如钢包冶金炉或馈线站的微调站(trim station)。
在一些实施方式中,钢由含有足量的钛和氮的熔体浇铸,但该熔体含有用于形成小的钛氧化物夹杂物的受控量的铝,以为形成铸态等轴晶粒结构提供所需的核,从而由这种钢制备的退火薄板也具有提高的起皱特征和成形性。
在一些实施方式中,将钛加入熔体以用于在铸造之前脱氧。具有钛的熔体的脱氧形成小的钛氧化物夹杂物,其提供形成铸态等轴细晶粒结构的核。为使氧化铝夹杂物(即铝氧化物,A12O3)的形成最小化,在一些实施方式中,铝可不加入该精炼的熔体作为脱氧剂,并且在其他实施方式中,铝可以以小部分形式加入该精炼的熔体。在一些实施方式中,钛和氮可在铸造之前存在于熔体中以使钛和氮的乘积除以残留的铝所得的比为至少约0.14。
如果需要使钢稳定,可加入超出脱氧所需量的足量钛以与熔体中的碳和氮结合,但优选少于用氮饱和的所需量,即,以准平衡量加入,由此在固化之前避免或至少最小化大的氮化钛夹杂物的沉淀。用于“准平衡”的钛的最大量通常在美国专利第4,964,926号的图4中例示,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。在一些实施方式中,一种或多种诸如铌、锆,钽和钒的稳定化元素也可加入熔体。
铸钢被热加工成薄板。对于该公开内容,术语“薄板”意于包括连续的带或由连续的带形成的切割长度,并且术语“热加工”指铸态钢如果必要的话被再加热,然后被降低至预设的厚度,诸如通过热轧。如果是热轧的,钢板坯(steel slab)被再加热至2000-2350°F(1093-1288℃),热轧使用1500-1800°F(816-982℃)的完工温度并且在1000-1400°F(538-760℃)的温度下盘绕。热轧薄板也称为“热带”。在一些实施方式中,热带可在1700-2100°F(926-1149℃)的峰值金属温度下退火。在其他实施方式中,薄板不经历热带退火步骤。在一些实施方式中,热带可被去除锈皮(descaled)并且冷轧至少40%至所需的最终薄板厚度。在其他实施方式中,热带可被去除锈皮并且冷轧至少50%至所需的最终薄板厚度。此后,冷轧的薄板可在1800-2100°F(982-1149℃)的峰值金属温度下最终退火。
铁素体不锈钢可由通过多种方法制得的热加工的薄板制备。薄板可由铸锭形成的板坯或50-200mm厚的连续铸坯制备,其被再加热至2000-2350°F(1093-1288℃),随后被热轧以提供起始热加工的1-7mm厚的薄板,或者薄板可由连续铸造成厚度2-52mm的带来热加工。本方法适用于由下述方法制备的薄板,其中连续铸坯或由铸锭制成的板坯通过或不通过显著的再加热而被直接供给至热轧机,或铸锭热轧成板坯,其具有足够温度以通过或不通过另外的再加热而热轧成薄板。
在铸造之前,钛用于铁素体不锈钢熔体的脱氧。在熔体中钛的量可为0.30%以下。除非另有明确说明,所有的以“%”表示的浓度为重量百分比。在一些实施方式中,钛可以以准平衡量存在。如本文所使用的,术语“准平衡”指控制钛的量以使所形成的钛化合物的溶度积低于钢液相线温度的饱和水平,由此避免在熔体中过量的氮化钛沉淀。过量的氮对于在氩氧脱碳容器中精炼铁素体不锈钢熔体的那些生产商而言不是问题。当在氩氧脱碳容器中精炼不锈钢时可获得基本低于0.010%的氮,由此使增加的钛量成为可容许的并且仍然处于准平衡。
为提供形成铸态等轴铁素体晶粒所必需的成核位置,应该在向熔体加入钛之后保持足够的时间以使钛氧化物夹杂物在铸造熔体之前形成。如果熔体在加入钛之后立即铸造,则铸件的铸态结构可包含更大的柱状晶粒。本领域普通技术人员无需过度的实验即可确定应当保持的时间量。在将钛加入熔体后小于5分钟内在实验室中铸造的铸锭具有大的铸态柱状晶粒,甚至当钛和氮的乘积除以残留的铝为至少0.14时亦是如此。
在铸造前足量的氮应存在于钢中,以使钛和氮的乘积除以铝所得的比为至少约0.14。在一些实施方式中,存在于熔体中的氮量为≤0.020%。
尽管在电弧炉中融化后的氮浓度可高至0.05%,但溶解的N的量可在氩氧脱碳容器中的氩气精炼过程中降低至小于0.02%。对于任何给定的氮含量,可通过降低待加入熔体中的Ti的准平衡量来避免过量的TiN的沉淀。或者,对于在熔体中包含的Ti的预期量,可在氩氧脱碳容器中降低熔体中的氮量。
可相对于钛和氮的量来控制或最小化总残留的铝。钛和氮必须以相对于铝的最小量存在于熔体中。在一些实施方式中,钛和氮的乘积除以残留的铝所得的比可为至少约0.14,并且在其他实施方式中为至少0.23。在一些实施方式中,为使熔体中所需的钛和氮的量最小化,铝的量为<0.020%。在其他实施方式中,铝的量为≤0.013%,并且在其他实施方式中,其降低至≤0.010%。如果铝不是有目的地在精炼或铸造过程中(例如在铸造之前立即用于脱氧)与其他熔体形成合金,则可控制铝总量或降低至小于0.020%。必须注意的是,铝可无意间被加入熔体中,作为在诸如钛的另外元素的合金添加物中存在的杂质。钛合金可包含多至20%的Al,其可贡献熔体中的全部的铝。通过精细地控制精炼和铸造实施,可获得含有<0.020%铝的熔体。
除了将钛用于稳定化之外,其他适合的稳定化元素还可包括铌、锆、钽、钒或其混合物。在一些实施方式中,当需要深度成形性时,如果第二稳定化元素(例如铌或钒)与钛组合使用,则该第二稳定化元素可限制为≤0.50%。一些实施方式包括浓度为0.5%以下的铌。一些实施方式包括浓度为0.28-0.43%的铌。钒可以以小于0.5%的量存在。铁素体不锈钢的一些实施方式包括0.008-0.098%的钒。
铜改善高温强度。铁素体不锈钢含有1.0-2.0%的铜。一些实施方式包括1.16-1.31%的铜。
硅通常以1.0-1.7%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢。在一些实施方式中,硅以1.27-1.35%的量存在。少量的硅通常存在于铁素体不锈钢中以促进铁素体相的形成。硅也增强高温抗氧化性并提供高温强度。在大部分实施方式中,硅不超过约1.7%,这是因为钢会变得太硬并且延伸率会受到不利影响。
锰以0.4-1.5%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢中。在一些实施方式中,锰以0.97-1.00%的量存在。锰改善在高温下的抗氧化性和抗脱落性。因此,一些实施方式包括至少0.4%的量的锰。然而,锰是奥氏体形成元素(austenite former)并且影响铁素体相的稳定性。如果锰的量超过约1.5%,可影响钢的稳定性和成形性。
碳以至多0.02%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢中。在一些实施方式中,碳含量为≤0.02%。还在其他实施方式中,其为0.0054-0.0133%。
在一些实施方式中,铬以15-20%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢中。如果铬大于约25%,钢的成形性会降低。
在一些实施方式中,氧以<100ppm的量存在于钢中。当钢熔体相继在氩氧脱碳精炼容器和钢包冶金炉合金化容器中制备时,熔体中的氧可在10-60ppm的范围内,由此提供非常纯净的具有小的钛氧化物夹杂物的钢,该钛氧化物夹杂物有助于形成产生铸态等轴细晶粒结构的成核位置。
硫以<0.01%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢中。
磷可降低在热轧中的成形性并且可形成蚀斑。其以≤0.05%的量存在于铁素体不锈钢中。
与锰类似,镍为奥氏体形成元素并且影响铁素体相的稳定性。因此,在一些实施方式中,镍被限于≤1.0%。在一些实施方式中,镍以0.13-0.19%的量存在。
钼也改善耐腐蚀性。一些实施方式包括3.0%以下的钼。一些实施方式包括0.03-0.049%的钼。
对于一些应用而言,期望在本发明的钢中以≤0.010%的量包含硼。在一些实施方式中,硼以0.0001-0.002%的量存在。硼可改善对钢的二次加工脆化的抗性,以使钢薄板在深拉应用和多步成形应用过程中不易破裂。
在一些实施方式中,铁素体不锈钢还可包括炼钢领域中已知的其他元素,这些元素可作为有意的添加物或以残留元素形式存在,即来自炼钢过程的杂质。
实施例1
用以下表1所列的组合物来实施铁素体不锈钢和比较参照钢的实施方式。
根据以下参数在实验室设备上加工被认定为“实验室材料”的材料。将各个铸锭再加热至2300°F(1260℃)的温度。其被热轧成0.200”(5.08mm)厚的带。其随后在1825-1975℃(996-1079℃)的温度下被热带退火。其随后被冷轧至0.079-0.098”(2.0-2.5mm)的厚度。冷轧的带最后被退火至1885-1950°F(1029-1066℃)的温度。
根据以下参数在工厂中的生产设备上加工被认定为“工厂材料”的材料。将各个板坯再加热至2273-2296°F(1245-1258℃)的温度。其随后被热轧成0.200-0.180”(5.08-4.57mm)厚的带。除了以下实施例中所指出之处外,热轧的带随后被热带退火至1950-2000°F(1066-1083℃)的温度。在热轧至0.079-0.059”(2.0-1.5mm)后,该带最后被退火至1900-2000°F(1038-1093℃)的温度。
在备注中标识为“发明”的材料为本公开的铁素体不锈钢的实施方式。标识为“参照”的材料不为本公开的铁素体不锈钢的实施方式。事实上,两种为公知的现有产品:HT#831187为444型不锈钢并且HT#830843为15CrCb不锈钢,其为AK Steel Corporation,WestChester,Ohio的产品。
实施例2
以上实施例1和表1中描述的多种钢组合物的抗氧化性在930℃下在空气中测试200小时。测试结果在以下表2中列出。单独的组合物各自以其各自的ID号标识。使用两种因数来评价抗氧化性。一种为重量增加的量,并且另一种为脱落的程度。对于各种材料,除了HT#920097以外,所报道的重量增加值为两次测试的平均值。对于HT#920097,测试了八个样品,并且报道了这八个测试的最小值、平均值和最大值。
实施例3
根据ASTM标准E21拉力测试的程序来测试实施例1的几种钢组合物的纵向高温拉力性质。这些测试结果在下表中给出:
实施例4
根据ASTM标准E8/E8M的程序来测试实施例1的几种钢组合物的纵向拉力性质。另外,根据ASTM标准E517的程序来测试拉伸-r值。以0-6的定性标尺来确定组合物的抗起皱性,其中0是最好的,而6是不可接受的。这些测试结果在下表中给出:
表4纵向拉力性质(ASTM E8/E8M),拉伸r值,以及抗起皱性
实施例5
根据ASTM标准E8/E8M测试的程序来测试实施例1的几种钢组合物的纵向拉力性质。另外,根据ASTM标准E517的程序来测试拉伸-r值。也以0-6的定性标尺来确定组合物的抗起皱性,其中0是最好的,而6是不可接受的。这些测试结果在下表中给出:
表5纵向拉力性质(ASTM E8/E8M),拉伸r值,以及抗起皱性
实施例6
在工厂中生产来自热#920097的A、B、C和D四种热带样品。进行实验室研究,从而检测热带退火处理和热带退火温度对较高的平均极差(r-bar)(可拉性或拉伸能力)的作用,其结果在表6中给出。更低的热带退火温度和无热带退火的处理产生了更高的平均极差,并且拉伸延伸率略微降低且抗起皱性降低,但所有均在可接受的范围内。
表6纵向拉力性质(ASTM E8/E8M),拉伸r值,以及抗起皱性
实施例7
一个工厂生产的具有表1所给出的组成的热带盘(HT#930354,CL#681158-03)在不进行热带退火的情况下被精加工至1.5mm规格。当包括热带退火步骤时,工厂生产的HT#930354盘产生1.34、1.31、1.38和1.34的平均极差值,如表5中所示。当不包括热带退火步骤时,其产生更高的为1.46的平均极差,如下表7所示。
表7纵向拉力性质(ASTM E8/E8M),拉伸r值,以及抗起皱性
应当理解可以对本发明做出各种修改而不偏离其主旨和范围。因此,本发明的范围应当由所附的权利要求确定。
Claims (2)
1.铁素体不锈钢,其包含以重量百分比表示的以下元素:
0.020%以下的碳
0.020%以下的氮
15-20%的铬
0.30%以下的钛
0.50%以下的铌
1.0-2.00%的铜
1.0-1.7%的硅
0.4-1.5%的锰
0.050%以下的磷
0.01%以下的硫
0.020%以下的铝。
2.如权利要求1所述的铁素体不锈钢,其还包含以重量百分比表示的以下元素中的至少一种:
3.0%以下的钼
0.010%以下的硼
0.5%以下的钒
1.0%以下的镍。
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| WO2017021565A1 (es) | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Gerdau Investigacion Y Desarrollo Europa, S.A. | Acero débilmente aleado de alta resistencia y alta resistencia a la oxidación en caliente |
| CN107675075A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-09 | 王业双 | 一种高性能耐高温铁素体不锈钢及其制备方法 |
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- 2013-08-27 US US14/010,646 patent/US20140065006A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2013-08-28 CN CN201810791340.9A patent/CN108823509A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2015108849A (ru) | 2016-10-20 |
| CA2882361A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| EP2890825B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
| KR20200028502A (ko) | 2020-03-16 |
| KR20150080485A (ko) | 2015-07-09 |
| PL2890825T3 (pl) | 2019-09-30 |
| RU2650467C2 (ru) | 2018-04-13 |
| HUE043997T2 (hu) | 2019-09-30 |
| MX377538B (es) | 2025-03-10 |
| MY172722A (en) | 2019-12-11 |
| WO2014036091A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| US20140065006A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| AU2013308922A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| HRP20190864T1 (hr) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN104769147A (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
| JP2015532684A (ja) | 2015-11-12 |
| ES2728229T3 (es) | 2019-10-23 |
| US20140065005A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| AU2013308922B2 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
| SI2890825T1 (sl) | 2019-06-28 |
| JP6194956B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
| MX2015002677A (es) | 2015-05-12 |
| ZA201502075B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| BR112015004228A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| CN104769147A8 (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
| CA2882361C (en) | 2019-06-18 |
| RS58807B1 (sr) | 2019-07-31 |
| EP2890825A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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