CN108801801A - A kind of assay method of sheet alloy hot forming limit curve - Google Patents
A kind of assay method of sheet alloy hot forming limit curve Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法，属于合金成形极限曲线测量领域。本发明使用氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼为传压介质，具有耐高温的优点，可实现更高的压力、可用于更宽的温度范围；通过改变传压介质构成和模具共同实现了双拉应变区不同应变加载路径；合金板材变形过程中应变测量通过在线视觉测量技术来实现，通过以上三点组合实现合金板材在更宽的温度区间内、更多的加载路径下、更精确的应变测量条件下的成形极限曲线试验获取方法。
The invention provides a method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of an alloy plate, which belongs to the field of measuring the alloy forming limit curve. The invention uses silicon nitride ceramic balls and molybdenum disulfide as the pressure transmission medium, which has the advantages of high temperature resistance, can realize higher pressure, and can be used in a wider temperature range; by changing the composition of the pressure transmission medium and the mold, the dual Different strain loading paths in the tensile strain zone; strain measurement during the deformation process of the alloy sheet is realized by online visual measurement technology, through the combination of the above three points to achieve more accurate strain of the alloy sheet in a wider temperature range, more loading paths Forming limit curve test acquisition method under measurement conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及合金成形极限曲线测量技术领域，具体涉及一种合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法。The invention relates to the technical field of alloy forming limit curve measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of alloy plates.
背景技术Background technique
在航空航天及汽车制造等领域，高强金属合金板材(铝合金板、镁合金板、钛合金板等)的运用已成为实现构件轻量化和保证足够强度的主要途径之一。然而，高强板材在室温条件下塑性变形能力差，很难通过冲压加工得到形状复杂的零件。因此，该类板材的塑性加工往往需要在高温条件下进行，低则200℃～300℃，高则接近1000℃。如何获取高温条件下的成形极限曲线来评估该类板材在特定工艺温度条件下的最大成形能力是一项比较困难而又意义重大的工作。In the fields of aerospace and automobile manufacturing, the application of high-strength metal alloy sheets (aluminum alloy sheets, magnesium alloy sheets, titanium alloy sheets, etc.) has become one of the main ways to achieve lightweight components and ensure sufficient strength. However, high-strength plates have poor plastic deformation ability at room temperature, and it is difficult to obtain parts with complex shapes through stamping. Therefore, the plastic processing of this type of sheet often needs to be carried out under high temperature conditions, ranging from 200°C to 300°C and as high as close to 1000°C. How to obtain the forming limit curve under high temperature conditions to evaluate the maximum forming ability of this type of plate under specific process temperature conditions is a relatively difficult but significant task.
一般而言，获得成形极限曲线的方法主要有理论方法和试验方法。理论获取成形极限曲线的方法限于所用理论的适用性和准确性，往往会出现理论与实际偏差很大的情况。因此，在工业生产中对于不同的原材料，采用试验的方法获取成形极限曲线是最有效、可靠的方法。传统的冷冲压成形中，试验获取成形极限曲线的方法主要有圆柱形凸模试验方法、半球形凸模试验方法和液压胀形试验方法。在前两种刚性凸模试验方法中，通过改变试样与凸模接触时的润滑状态实现双拉应变区的不同应变加载路径来获得成形极限图右侧区域，但是，高温下的润滑介质的选择有限，其润滑效果的改变不能使试件的应变范围较多地覆盖成形极限图所要求的区域。液压胀形试验方法通过改变凹模形状来实现双拉应变区的不同加载路径，以获得较完整的成形极限图右侧区域，但是，限于液体介质和装置密封原件的耐热能力限制，该方法所适用的变形温度范围一般不超过300℃，因此难以获取高温条件下的板材成形极限曲线。Generally speaking, there are mainly theoretical methods and experimental methods to obtain the forming limit curve. The method of theoretically obtaining the forming limit curve is limited to the applicability and accuracy of the theory used, and there will often be a large deviation between theory and practice. Therefore, for different raw materials in industrial production, it is the most effective and reliable method to obtain the forming limit curve by experiment. In the traditional cold stamping forming, the methods of obtaining the forming limit curve by experiment mainly include the cylindrical punch test method, the hemispherical punch test method and the hydraulic bulging test method. In the first two rigid punch test methods, the area on the right side of the forming limit diagram is obtained by changing the lubrication state when the sample is in contact with the punch to achieve different strain loading paths in the double tensile strain zone. However, the lubrication medium at high temperature The choice is limited, and the change of its lubricating effect cannot make the strain range of the specimen cover more of the area required by the forming limit diagram. The hydraulic bulging test method achieves different loading paths in the double tensile strain zone by changing the shape of the die, so as to obtain a more complete right area of the forming limit diagram. The applicable deformation temperature range generally does not exceed 300°C, so it is difficult to obtain the sheet forming limit curve under high temperature conditions.
在获取成形极限曲线的试验中，应变主要通过网格分析技术来获得。试验前在板材上印制大小相同的方形或圆形网格，试验后测量颈缩和破裂位置及其附近网格尺寸的变化，然后通过一系列数学处理方法得到失效时刻的第一主应变和第二主应变。常用印制网格的方法有：油墨丝网印制法、电化学腐蚀法、激光刻烛法。无论何种方法，高温条件下网格的清晰度都会受到影响，后续应变分析的精度便难以保证。In the experiments to obtain the forming limit curve, the strain is mainly obtained by the mesh analysis technique. Before the test, a square or circular grid of the same size is printed on the plate, and the size change of the grid near the necking and cracking position is measured after the test, and then the first principal strain at the time of failure and Second principal strain. Commonly used methods for printing grids are: ink screen printing method, electrochemical corrosion method, laser engraved candle method. Regardless of the method, the clarity of the grid will be affected under high temperature conditions, and the accuracy of subsequent strain analysis will be difficult to guarantee.
综上所述，现有获取成形极限曲线的试验方法在高温条件下难以实施的主要原因可归结为以下两点：一是高温条件下不同应变路径的加载方式难以实现；二是高温条件下的应变测量难以保证精度。In summary, the main reasons why the existing test methods for obtaining forming limit curves are difficult to implement under high temperature conditions can be attributed to the following two points: one is that it is difficult to realize the loading methods of different strain paths under high temperature conditions; It is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of strain measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法，用于更宽变形温度区间的成形极限曲线试验测定方法，为铝或镁合金板材高温条件下的成形极限曲线绘制提供一种切实可行的试验方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of alloy plates, which is used for the determination of forming limit curves in wider deformation temperature ranges, and provides a method for drawing forming limit curves of aluminum or magnesium alloy plates under high temperature conditions. practicable test method.
本发明提供一种合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of an alloy plate, comprising the following steps:
(1)在合金板材的单面喷涂有机硅耐高温漆，制作斑点，得到预处理合金板材，所述合金板材为铝合金板材或镁合金板材；(1) Spraying organosilicon high-temperature-resistant paint on one side of the alloy plate to make spots to obtain a pretreated alloy plate, the alloy plate being an aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy plate;
(2)提供传压介质，所述传压介质包括氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼，所述氮化硅陶瓷球的粒径为0.1、0.3或0.5mm，所述氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼的体积比为9:1或8:2；(2) provide pressure transmission medium, described pressure transmission medium comprises silicon nitride ceramic ball and molybdenum disulfide, the particle diameter of described silicon nitride ceramic ball is 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5mm, described silicon nitride ceramic ball and The volume ratio of molybdenum disulfide is 9:1 or 8:2;
(3)通过热成形极限曲线测量装置对所述预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模具分别进行预热，所述预处理合金板材、传压介质和模具的预热温度独立地为高于所述合金板材成形温度10～20℃；所述模具为椭圆形胀形模具，所述模具的长轴直径为100mm，短轴直径分别为100，90，80，60和40mm；(3) Preheat the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold respectively by the hot forming limit curve measuring device, and the preheating temperature of the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold is independently higher than the specified The forming temperature of the alloy sheet is 10-20°C; the mold is an elliptical bulging mold, the major axis diameter of the mold is 100 mm, and the minor axis diameter is 100, 90, 80, 60 and 40 mm;
(4)施加边压力，所述边压力的压力率为0.0045或0.045MPa·s-1；(4) applying side pressure, the pressure rate of said side pressure is 0.0045 or 0.045MPa·s −1 ;
(5)通过在线视觉测量系统记录应变数据，利用在线视觉测量系统软件计算不同传压介质以及不同模具条件下失效临界时刻的第一主应变和第二主应变作为极限主应变，将得到的极限主应变绘制在成形极限图中，得到合金板材热成形极限曲线；(5) Record the strain data through the online visual measurement system, use the online visual measurement system software to calculate the first principal strain and the second principal strain at the failure critical moment under different pressure transmission media and different mold conditions as the limit principal strain, and the obtained limit The principal strain is drawn in the forming limit diagram, and the hot forming limit curve of the alloy sheet is obtained;
对所述步骤(1)和(2)没有时间上的限定。There is no time limit for the steps (1) and (2).
优选地，所述步骤(1)中合金板材为圆形，所述合金板材的直径为180～200mm，厚度为1～1.5mm。Preferably, the alloy plate in the step (1) is circular, the diameter of the alloy plate is 180-200 mm, and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm.
优选地，所述步骤(3)中预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模的预热升温速率独立地为5～10℃/min。Preferably, in the step (3), the preheating temperature rise rates of the pretreated alloy plate, the pressure transmission medium and the mold are independently 5-10° C./min.
优选地，所述步骤(3)中预热温度独立地为260～270℃或230～240℃。Preferably, the preheating temperature in the step (3) is independently 260-270°C or 230-240°C.
优选地，所述步骤(5)中在线视觉测量系统位于热成形极限曲线测量装置的上模上方。Preferably, in the step (5), the online visual measurement system is located above the upper mold of the thermoforming limit curve measurement device.
优选地，所述步骤(5)中计算极限主应变包括以下步骤：在破裂位置附近区域提取第一主应变和第二主应变，分别求取平均值作为极限主应变。Preferably, the calculation of the ultimate principal strain in the step (5) includes the following steps: extracting the first principal strain and the second principal strain in the vicinity of the rupture position, and calculating the average value as the ultimate principal strain.
本发明提供一种铝合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a method for measuring the thermoforming limit curve of an aluminum alloy plate, comprising the following steps:
(1)在合金板材的单面喷涂有机硅耐高温漆，制作斑点，得到预处理合金板材，所述合金板材为铝合金板材或镁合金板材；(1) Spraying organosilicon high-temperature-resistant paint on one side of the alloy plate to make spots to obtain a pretreated alloy plate, the alloy plate being an aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy plate;
(2)提供传压介质，所述传压介质包括氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼，所述氮化硅陶瓷球的粒径为0.1、0.3或0.5mm，所述氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼的体积比为9:1或8:2；(2) provide pressure transmission medium, described pressure transmission medium comprises silicon nitride ceramic ball and molybdenum disulfide, the particle diameter of described silicon nitride ceramic ball is 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5mm, described silicon nitride ceramic ball and The volume ratio of molybdenum disulfide is 9:1 or 8:2;
(3)通过热成形极限曲线测量装置对预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模具分别进行预热，所述预处理合金板材、传压介质和模具的预热温度独立地为高于所述合金板材成形温度10～20℃；所述模具为椭圆形胀形模具，所述模具的长轴直径为100mm，短轴直径分别为100，90，80，60和40mm；(3) Preheat the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold respectively by the hot forming limit curve measuring device, and the preheating temperature of the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold is independently higher than that of the alloy The plate forming temperature is 10-20°C; the mold is an elliptical bulging mold, the diameter of the major axis of the mold is 100mm, and the diameter of the minor axis is 100, 90, 80, 60 and 40mm;
(4)施加边压力，所述边压力的压力率为0.0045或0.045MPa·s-1；(4) applying side pressure, the pressure rate of said side pressure is 0.0045 or 0.045MPa·s −1 ;
(5)通过在线视觉测量系统记录应变数据，利用在线视觉测量系统软件计算不同传压介质以及不同模具条件下失效临界时刻的第一主应变和第二主应变作为极限主应变，将得到的极限主应变绘制在成形极限图中，得到合金板材热成形极限曲线；(5) Record the strain data through the online visual measurement system, use the online visual measurement system software to calculate the first principal strain and the second principal strain at the failure critical moment under different pressure transmission media and different mold conditions as the limit principal strain, and the obtained limit The principal strain is drawn in the forming limit diagram, and the hot forming limit curve of the alloy sheet is obtained;
对所述步骤(1)和(2)没有时间上的限定。There is no time limit for the steps (1) and (2).
本发明使用氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼为传压介质，具有耐高温的优点，可实现更高的压力、可用于更宽的温度范围，在高温条件下为成形极限曲线试验获取过程中的合金板材自由胀形提供加载压力；通过改变传压介质构成和模具共同实现了双拉应变区不同应变加载路径，避免了高温条件下通过改变摩擦状态来获取不同加载路径存在的应变路径区别不明显的现象，有效解决了现有技术测量结果在双拉应变区较为集中的问题，能够有效提升成形极限曲线绘制的准确性；合金板材变形过程中应变测量通过在线视觉测量技术来实现，根据板料变形过程中第一主应变和第二主应变的变化历史来确定极限主应变，使得成形极限曲线的确定更加准确，克服了油墨丝网印制法、电化学腐蚀法、激光刻烛法在高温条件难以实施或测量误差大的问题，且根据应变历史变化确定极限应变，可以与同步获取的加载曲线对比分析，能够准确地辨识板材变形失稳开始和断裂发生时刻板面主应变数值，通过以上三点组合实现合金板材在更宽的温度区间内、更多的加载路径下、更精确的应变测量条件下的成形极限曲线试验获取方法。The invention uses silicon nitride ceramic balls and molybdenum disulfide as the pressure transmission medium, which has the advantages of high temperature resistance, can realize higher pressure, and can be used in a wider temperature range. It is used in the process of obtaining the forming limit curve test under high temperature conditions. The free bulging of the alloy sheet provides the loading pressure; by changing the composition of the pressure transmission medium and the mold, different strain loading paths in the double-tension strain zone are realized, which avoids the different strain paths that exist in different loading paths by changing the friction state under high temperature conditions. The obvious phenomenon effectively solves the problem that the measurement results of the existing technology are relatively concentrated in the double-tension strain area, and can effectively improve the accuracy of the drawing of the forming limit curve; the strain measurement during the deformation process of the alloy plate is realized by the online visual measurement technology, according to the plate The limit principal strain is determined by the change history of the first principal strain and the second principal strain during the deformation process of the material, which makes the determination of the forming limit curve more accurate, and overcomes the problems of the ink screen printing method, electrochemical corrosion method, and laser engraved candle method. High temperature conditions are difficult to implement or the measurement error is large, and the ultimate strain can be determined according to the strain history change, which can be compared and analyzed with the loading curve obtained simultaneously, and the principal strain value of the plate surface can be accurately identified when the plate deformation instability begins and when the fracture occurs. The combination of the above three points realizes the method for obtaining the forming limit curve test of the alloy plate in a wider temperature range, under more loading paths, and under more accurate strain measurement conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明铝合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法使用的模具的结构图；Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the mold that the assay method of aluminum alloy plate hot forming limit curve of the present invention uses;
图2为本发明使用的热成形极限曲线测量装置以及在线视觉测量系统的结构图；Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of the hot forming limit curve measuring device used in the present invention and the online visual measurement system;
图3为本发明实施例1得到的第一个试验数据点图；Fig. 3 is the first test data point figure that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains;
图4为本发明实施例1不同应变路径下的极限主应变点图；Fig. 4 is the ultimate principal strain point diagram under different strain paths in Example 1 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例17075铝合金板材的成形极限曲线；Fig. 5 is the forming limit curve of the 17075 aluminum alloy plate of the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例2得到的第一个试验数据点图；Fig. 6 is the first test data point figure that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains;
图7为本发明实施例2不同应变路径下的极限主应变点图；Fig. 7 is the ultimate principal strain point diagram under different strain paths in Example 2 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例2AZ31镁合金板材的成形极限曲线。Fig. 8 is the forming limit curve of the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate in Example 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of an alloy plate, comprising the following steps:
(1)在合金板材的单面喷涂有机硅耐高温漆，制作斑点，得到预处理合金板材，所述合金板材为铝合金板材或镁合金板材；(1) Spraying organosilicon high-temperature-resistant paint on one side of the alloy plate to make spots to obtain a pretreated alloy plate, the alloy plate being an aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy plate;
(2)提供传压介质，所述传压介质包括氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼，所述氮化硅陶瓷球的粒径为0.1、0.3或0.5mm，所述氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼的体积比为9:1或8:2；(2) provide pressure transmission medium, described pressure transmission medium comprises silicon nitride ceramic ball and molybdenum disulfide, the particle diameter of described silicon nitride ceramic ball is 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5mm, described silicon nitride ceramic ball and The volume ratio of molybdenum disulfide is 9:1 or 8:2;
(3)通过热成形极限曲线测量装置对预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模具分别进行预热，所述预处理合金板材、传压介质和模具的预热温度独立地为高于所述合金板材成形温度10～20℃；所述模具为椭圆形胀形模具，所述模具的长轴直径为100mm，短轴直径分别为100，90，80，60和40mm；(3) Preheat the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold respectively by the hot forming limit curve measuring device, and the preheating temperature of the pretreatment alloy sheet material, pressure transmission medium and mold is independently higher than that of the alloy The plate forming temperature is 10-20°C; the mold is an elliptical bulging mold, the diameter of the major axis of the mold is 100mm, and the diameter of the minor axis is 100, 90, 80, 60 and 40mm;
(4)施加边压力，所述边压力的压力率为0.0045或0.045MPa·s-1；(4) applying side pressure, the pressure rate of said side pressure is 0.0045 or 0.045MPa·s −1 ;
(5)通过在线视觉测量系统记录应变数据，利用在线视觉测量系统软件计算不同传压介质以及不同模具条件下失效临界时刻的第一主应变和第二主应变作为极限主应变，将得到的极限主应变绘制在成形极限图中，得到合金板材热成形极限曲线；(5) Record the strain data through the online visual measurement system, use the online visual measurement system software to calculate the first principal strain and the second principal strain at the failure critical moment under different pressure transmission media and different mold conditions as the limit principal strain, and the obtained limit The principal strain is drawn in the forming limit diagram, and the hot forming limit curve of the alloy sheet is obtained;
对所述步骤(1)和(2)没有时间上的限定。There is no time limit for the steps (1) and (2).
本发明在合金板材的单面喷涂有机硅耐高温漆，制作斑点，得到预处理合金板材，所述合金板材为铝合金板材或镁合金板材。在本发明中，所述合金板材优选为圆形，所述合金板材的直径优选为180～200mm，更优选为185～195mm，厚度优选为1～1.5mm。According to the invention, the organosilicon high-temperature-resistant paint is sprayed on one side of the alloy plate to form spots to obtain the pretreated alloy plate, and the alloy plate is an aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy plate. In the present invention, the alloy plate is preferably circular, the diameter of the alloy plate is preferably 180-200 mm, more preferably 185-195 mm, and the thickness is preferably 1-1.5 mm.
本发明对所述铝合金板材、镁合金板材以及有机硅耐高温漆的来源没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品即可。In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the source of the aluminum alloy plate, magnesium alloy plate and organic silicon high-temperature resistant paint, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
本发明对所述喷涂、喷涂量、斑点的大小没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的喷涂方法以及喷涂用量即可。The present invention has no special limitations on the spraying, spraying amount, and spot size, and the spraying method and spraying amount well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.
本发明优选在所述合金板材的单面完全喷涂斑点。在本发明中，所述斑点的作用是方便在线测量系统利用图像识别技术计算合金板材变形过程中的应变分布云图。In the present invention, the spots are preferably completely sprayed on one side of the alloy plate. In the present invention, the function of the spots is to facilitate the online measurement system to use image recognition technology to calculate the strain distribution nephogram during the deformation process of the alloy plate.
在本发明中，所述合金板材喷涂有机硅耐高温漆前优选还包括采用冲压下料或者机械切割，切断合金板材边缘、打磨去毛刺。In the present invention, before the alloy plate is sprayed with the silicone high-temperature resistant paint, it is preferable to cut off the edge of the alloy plate by stamping or mechanical cutting, and to polish and deburr it.
本发明提供传压介质，所述传压介质包括氮化硅陶瓷球(Si3N4)和二硫化钼，所述氮化硅陶瓷球的粒径为0.1、0.3或0.5mm，所述氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼的体积比为9:1或8:2。本发明对所述氮化硅陶瓷球和二硫化钼的来源没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品即可。在本发明，所述二硫化钼优选为作为润滑剂的二硫化钼。The present invention provides a pressure transmission medium, the pressure transmission medium includes silicon nitride ceramic balls (Si 3 N 4 ) and molybdenum disulfide, the particle diameter of the silicon nitride ceramic balls is 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5mm, and the nitrogen The volume ratio of silicon oxide ceramic balls and molybdenum disulfide is 9:1 or 8:2. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the sources of the silicon nitride ceramic balls and molybdenum disulfide, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide is preferably molybdenum disulfide as a lubricant.
在本发明中，所述传压介质优选包括：①体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.1mm)和二硫化钼、②体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.3mm)和二硫化钼、③体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.5mm)和二硫化钼、④体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.1mm)和二硫化钼、⑤体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.3mm)和二硫化钼、⑥体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.5mm)和二硫化钼。In the present invention, the pressure transmission medium preferably includes: ① silicon nitride ceramic balls (with a particle size of 0.1 mm) and molybdenum disulfide with a volume ratio of 9:1, and ② silicon nitride ceramics with a volume ratio of 9:1 balls (0.3 mm in particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ③ silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.5 mm in particle size) with a volume ratio of 9:1 and molybdenum disulfide, and ④ silicon nitride ceramics with a volume ratio of 8:2 Balls (0.1mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ⑤ silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.3 mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ⑥ silicon nitride ceramics with a volume ratio of 8:2 balls (0.5mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide.
本发明对所述传压介质的制备方法没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的组合物的制备方法制得即可。In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the preparation method of the pressure transmission medium, which can be prepared by the preparation method of the composition well known to those skilled in the art.
本发明通过热成形极限曲线测量装置对预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模具分别进行预热，所述预处理合金板材、传压介质和模具的预热温度独立地为高于所述合金板材成形温度10～20℃；所述模具为椭圆形胀形模具，所述模具的长轴直径为100mm，短轴直径分别为100，90，80，60和40mm。在本发明中，所述预处理合金板材、传压介质以及模的预热升温速率独立地优选为5～10℃/min。The present invention respectively preheats the pretreatment alloy plate, the pressure transmission medium and the mold through the hot forming limit curve measuring device, and the preheating temperature of the pretreatment alloy plate, the pressure transmission medium and the mold is independently higher than that of the alloy plate The forming temperature is 10-20° C.; the mold is an elliptical bulging mold, the diameter of the major axis of the mold is 100 mm, and the diameter of the minor axis is 100, 90, 80, 60 and 40 mm, respectively. In the present invention, the preheating temperature rise rate of the pretreated alloy plate, the pressure transmission medium and the mold is preferably 5-10° C./min independently.
图1为本发明使用的模具的结构示意图，图1中：1为长短轴均为100mm的模具，2为长轴为100mm、短轴为90mm的模具，3为长轴为100mm、短轴为80mm的模具、4为长轴为100mm、短轴为70mm的模具，5为长轴为100mm、短轴为60mm的模具。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the mould that the present invention uses, among Fig. 1: 1 is the mould that long and short axis is 100mm, and 2 is the mold that long axis is 100mm, and short axis is 90mm, and 3 is that long axis is 100mm, and short axis is 80mm mold, 4 is a mold with a long axis of 100mm and a short axis of 70mm, and 5 is a mold with a long axis of 100mm and a short axis of 60mm.
在本发明中，所述预热温度独立地优选为260～270℃或230～240℃。In the present invention, the preheating temperature is independently preferably 260-270°C or 230-240°C.
本发明中对所述热成形极限曲线测量装置的来源没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的热成形极限曲线测量装置即可。In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the source of the thermoforming limit curve measuring device, and a thermoforming limit curve measuring device well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
图2为本发明使用的热成形极限曲线测量装置以及在线视觉测量系统的结构图，图2中：1为上模，2为热电偶，3为上模压边圈，4为合金板材，5为下模压边圈，6为电阻加热棒，7为隔热层，8为下模，9为压头，10为传压介质，11为在线视觉测量系统。通过电阻加热棒6加热上模压边圈3和下模压边圈5并通过热电偶2对温度进行监控，合金板材4和颗粒介质10通过外部加热炉进行加热，此三者同步加热，加热完成后，迅速将传压介质10装入下模压边圈5与压头9形成的型腔，将合金板材4移至上、下模压边圈中之间，迅速合模并施加压边力。加热过程中，上模压边圈3和上模1之间、下模压边圈5和下模8之间、上下模压边圈外围以及压头9内均设有隔热层7，保证加热效率和控温精度。Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of the hot forming limit curve measuring device and the online visual measurement system used in the present invention, in Fig. 2: 1 is the upper die, 2 is the thermocouple, 3 is the blank holder of the upper die, 4 is the alloy plate, 5 is The blank holder of the lower mold, 6 is the resistance heating rod, 7 is the heat insulation layer, 8 is the lower mold, 9 is the pressure head, 10 is the pressure transmission medium, and 11 is the online visual measurement system. Heat the upper mold blanking ring 3 and the lower mold blanking ring 5 through the resistance heating rod 6 and monitor the temperature through the thermocouple 2. The alloy plate 4 and the granular medium 10 are heated through an external heating furnace. The three are heated synchronously. After the heating is completed , quickly put the pressure transmission medium 10 into the cavity formed by the blank holder 5 of the lower die and the pressure head 9, move the alloy plate 4 between the blank holders of the upper and lower dies, quickly close the mold and apply the blank holder force. During the heating process, a heat insulating layer 7 is provided between the upper die binder ring 3 and the upper die 1, between the lower die binder ring 5 and the lower die 8, around the upper and lower die binder rings, and in the pressure head 9 to ensure heating efficiency and Temperature control accuracy.
在本发明中，所述在线视觉测量系统优选位于热成形极限曲线测量装置的上模上方。In the present invention, the online visual measurement system is preferably located above the upper mold of the thermoforming limit curve measurement device.
施加边压力，所述边压力的压力率为0.0045或0.045MPa·s-1。本发明对所述施加边压力的具体方法没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的施加边压力的方式即可。A side pressure is applied, and the pressure rate of the side pressure is 0.0045 or 0.045 MPa·s −1 . In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the specific method of applying side pressure, and the way of applying side pressure well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
通过在线视觉测量系统记录应变数据，利用在线视觉测量系统软件计算不同传压介质以及不同模具条件下失效临界时刻的第一主应变和第二主应变作为极限主应变，将得到的极限主应变绘制在成形极限图中，得到合金板材热成形极限曲线。Record the strain data through the online visual measurement system, use the online visual measurement system software to calculate the first principal strain and the second principal strain at the failure critical moment under different pressure transmission media and different mold conditions as the ultimate principal strain, and draw the obtained ultimate principal strain In the forming limit diagram, the hot forming limit curve of the alloy sheet is obtained.
在本发明中，所述计算极限主应变优选包括以下步骤：在破裂位置附近区域提取第一主应变和第二主应变，分别求取平均值作为极限主应变。In the present invention, the calculation of the ultimate principal strain preferably includes the following steps: extracting the first principal strain and the second principal strain in the vicinity of the rupture position, and calculating the average value respectively as the ultimate principal strain.
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的合金板材热成形极限曲线的测定方法进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。The method for measuring the hot forming limit curve of the alloy plate provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
制备若干个直径为180mm，厚度为1mm的7075铝合金圆板试件，使用有机硅耐高温漆，在试件的一个表面上喷涂黑白散斑，散斑覆盖整个表面。Several 7075 aluminum alloy disc specimens with a diameter of 180 mm and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared, and black and white speckles were sprayed on one surface of the specimens with silicone high-temperature resistant paint, and the speckles covered the entire surface.
配制传压介质：传压介质选择粒径为0.1mm、0.3mm、0.5mm的氮化硅陶瓷球(Si3N4)和二硫化钼，配制以下几种规格的传压介质：①体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.1mm)和二硫化钼、②体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.3mm)和二硫化钼、③体积比为9:1的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.5mm)和二硫化钼、④体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.1mm)和二硫化钼、⑤体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.3mm)和二硫化钼、⑥体积比为8:2的氮化硅陶瓷球(粒径为0.5mm)和二硫化钼。Prepare the pressure transmission medium: choose silicon nitride ceramic balls (Si 3 N 4 ) and molybdenum disulfide with a particle size of 0.1mm, 0.3mm, and 0.5mm as the pressure transmission medium, and prepare the pressure transmission medium with the following specifications: ①Volume ratio 9:1 silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.1mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ② silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.3mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide with a volume ratio of 9:1, ③ volume ratio 9:1 silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.5mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ④ silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.1mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide with a volume ratio of 8:2, ⑤ volume ratio 8:2 silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.3mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide, ⑥ silicon nitride ceramic balls (0.5mm particle size) and molybdenum disulfide with a volume ratio of 8:2.
使用图2所示热成形极限曲线测量装置，通过电阻加热棒(6)加热上模压边圈(3)和下模压边圈(5)并通过热电偶(2)对温度进行监控，铝合金圆板试件(4)和传压介质(10)通过外部加热炉进行加热，此三者同步加热，使这三者温度升至230～240℃。加热完成后，迅速将第一种规格的传压介质(10)装入下模压边圈(5)与压头(9)形成的型腔，将铝合金圆板试件(4)移至上、下模压边圈中之间，迅速合模并施加压边力。加热过程中，上模压边圈(3)和上模(1)之间、下模压边圈(5)和下模(8)之间、上下模压边圈外围以及压头(9)内均设有隔热层(7)，保证加热效率和控温精度。Using the thermoforming limit curve measurement device shown in Figure 2, the upper die blanking ring (3) and the lower die blanking ring (5) are heated by the resistance heating rod (6) and the temperature is monitored by the thermocouple (2). The plate test piece (4) and the pressure transmission medium (10) are heated by an external heating furnace, and the three are heated synchronously, so that the temperature of the three is raised to 230-240°C. After the heating is completed, quickly put the pressure transmission medium (10) of the first specification into the cavity formed by the lower mold blank ring (5) and the indenter (9), and move the aluminum alloy disc test piece (4) to the upper, Between the blank holder rings of the lower mold, the mold is quickly closed and the blank holder force is applied. During the heating process, between the upper mold binder ring (3) and the upper mold (1), between the lower mold binder ring (5) and the lower mold (8), on the periphery of the upper and lower mold binder rings and in the pressure head (9) There is a heat insulation layer (7) to ensure heating efficiency and temperature control accuracy.
打开在线视觉测量系统(11)准备记录板材的变形历史，合模完成后马上通过压头(9)对传压介质施加边压力，直至传压介质将铝合金圆板试件胀破，边压力的压力率为0.0045MPa·s-1。Turn on the online visual measurement system (11) to prepare to record the deformation history of the plate. Immediately after the mold clamping is completed, the side pressure is applied to the pressure transmission medium through the indenter (9) until the pressure transmission medium bursts the aluminum alloy circular plate specimen, and the side pressure The pressure rate is 0.0045MPa·s -1 .
在整个胀形过程中，通过在线视觉测量系统(11)记录的应变数据，根据系统测量得到的应变云图，选取破裂位置周围区域的第一主应变和第二主应变求取平均值作为极限主应变，并绘制在成形极限图的右侧，得到第一个试验数据点(见图3)。更换不同形状上模压边圈，即不同模具的结构(见图1)，图1中：1为长短轴均为100mm的模具，2为长轴为100mm、短轴为90mm的模具，3为长轴为100mm、短轴为80mm的模具、4为长轴为100mm、短轴为70mm的模具，5为长轴为100mm、短轴为60mm的模具，重复上述实验步骤，得到其他应变路径下的试验数据点；更换其它规格的传压介质，再次的重复上述试验过程，得到更多不同应变路径下的极限主应变(见图4)。将所有不同应变路径下得到的各个极限主应变绘制在成形极限图右侧，光滑连线得到7075铝合金板材在220℃下该区域的成形极限曲线(见图5)。During the whole bulging process, through the strain data recorded by the online visual measurement system (11), according to the strain nephogram measured by the system, the first principal strain and the second principal strain in the area around the rupture position are selected to obtain the average value as the limit principal strain. strain, and plotted on the right side of the forming limit diagram to obtain the first test data point (see Figure 3). Change the upper mold edge ring of different shapes, that is, the structure of different molds (see Figure 1). In Figure 1: 1 is a mold with a long and short axis of 100mm; 2 is a mold with a long axis of 100mm and a short axis of 90mm; A mold with an axis of 100mm and a short axis of 80mm, 4 is a mold with a long axis of 100mm and a short axis of 70mm, and 5 is a mold with a long axis of 100mm and a short axis of 60mm. Repeat the above experimental steps to obtain Test data points; replace the pressure transmission medium of other specifications, repeat the above test process again, and obtain more ultimate principal strains under different strain paths (see Figure 4). The ultimate principal strains obtained under all different strain paths are plotted on the right side of the forming limit diagram, and the smooth connection is obtained to obtain the forming limit curve of the 7075 aluminum alloy plate at 220 °C in this area (see Figure 5).
实施例2Example 2
制备若干个直径为180mm，厚度为1.5mm的AZ31镁合金圆形试件，使用有机硅耐高温漆，在试件的一个表面上喷涂黑白散斑，散斑覆盖整个表面。Prepare several AZ31 magnesium alloy circular specimens with a diameter of 180 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. Use silicone high-temperature-resistant paint to spray black and white speckles on one surface of the specimens, and the speckles cover the entire surface.
配置传压物质：与实施例1相同。Configuration of the pressure-transmitting substance: the same as in Embodiment 1.
使用图2所示模具结构，通过电阻加热棒(6)加热上模压边圈(3)和下模压边圈(5)并通过热电偶(2)对温度进行监控，镁合金圆形试件(4)和传压介质(10)通过外部加热炉进行加热，此三者同步加热，使这三者温度升至260～270℃。加热完成后，迅速将第一种规格的传压介质(10)装入下模压边圈(5)与压头(9)形成的型腔，将镁合金圆形试件(4)移至上、下模压边圈中之间，迅速合模并施加压边力。加热过程中，上模压边圈(3)和上模(1)之间、下模压边圈(5)和下模(8)之间、上下模压边圈外围以及压头(9)内均设有隔热层(7)，保证加热效率和控温精度。Using the mold structure shown in Figure 2, the upper mold blank holder (3) and the lower mold blank holder (5) are heated by the resistance heating rod (6) and the temperature is monitored by the thermocouple (2), and the magnesium alloy circular specimen ( 4) and the pressure transmission medium (10) are heated by an external heating furnace, and the three are heated synchronously, so that the temperature of the three is raised to 260-270°C. After the heating is completed, quickly put the pressure transmission medium (10) of the first specification into the cavity formed by the lower mold blank holder (5) and the indenter (9), and move the magnesium alloy round test piece (4) to the upper, Between the blank holder rings of the lower mold, the mold is quickly closed and the blank holder force is applied. During the heating process, between the upper mold binder ring (3) and the upper mold (1), between the lower mold binder ring (5) and the lower mold (8), on the periphery of the upper and lower mold binder rings and in the pressure head (9) There is a heat insulation layer (7) to ensure heating efficiency and temperature control accuracy.
打开在线视觉测量系统(11)准备记录板材的变形历史，合模完成后马上通过压头(9)对传压介质施加压力，直至传压介质将镁合金圆形试件胀破。Turn on the online visual measurement system (11) to prepare to record the deformation history of the plate, and immediately apply pressure to the pressure transmission medium through the indenter (9) after the mold clamping is completed, until the pressure transmission medium bursts the magnesium alloy circular test piece.
在整个胀形过程中，通过在线视觉测量系统(11)记录的应变数据，根据系统测量得到的应变云图，选取破裂位置周围区域的第一主应变和第二主应变求取平均值作为极限主应变，得到第一个试验数据点(见图6)。更换模具形状不同的上模压边圈(见图1)，重复上述实验步骤，得到其他应变路径下的试验数据点；更换其它规格的传压介质，再次的重复上述试验过程，得到更多不同应变路径下的极限主应变(见图7)。将所有不同应变路径下得到的各个极限主应变绘制在成形极限图右侧，光滑连线得到AZ31镁合金板材在250℃下该区域的成形极限曲线(见图8)。During the whole bulging process, through the strain data recorded by the online visual measurement system (11), according to the strain nephogram measured by the system, the first principal strain and the second principal strain in the area around the rupture position are selected to obtain the average value as the limit principal strain. strain to obtain the first test data point (see Figure 6). Replace the blank holder of the upper mold with a different mold shape (see Figure 1), repeat the above experimental steps, and obtain test data points under other strain paths; replace the pressure transmission medium of other specifications, and repeat the above test process again to obtain more different strains The ultimate principal strain under the path (see Fig. 7). The ultimate principal strains obtained under all different strain paths are plotted on the right side of the forming limit diagram, and the smooth connection is obtained to obtain the forming limit curve of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet in this area at 250 °C (see Figure 8).
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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