CN108800096B - Waste heat boiler with fluidization gas distributor - Google Patents
Waste heat boiler with fluidization gas distributor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108800096B CN108800096B CN201810861127.0A CN201810861127A CN108800096B CN 108800096 B CN108800096 B CN 108800096B CN 201810861127 A CN201810861127 A CN 201810861127A CN 108800096 B CN108800096 B CN 108800096B
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- heat exchange
- shell
- tube
- gas distributor
- waste heat
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 33
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat boiler, in particular to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, and belongs to the technical field of chemical devices. The invention relates to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, which comprises a shell, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies assembled in the shell, and the fluidization gas distributor in an inverted cone shape; the tube bundle assembly is assembled on the upper section of the shell and extends downwards, and the tube bundle assembly is provided with a liquid inlet penetrating out of the shell and a vapor-liquid outlet; the fluidization gas distributor is provided with a plurality of air vents for circulating process gas, the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor is used for storing granules to form a cold bed layer, and a fluidization gas distribution chamber is formed between the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor and the lower end of the shell; the lower section of the shell is provided with an air inlet communicated with the fluidization air distribution chamber, and the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet. When the invention is adopted, the heat intensity born by the tube bundle assembly of the waste heat boiler in the axial direction tends to be uniform, so that the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waste heat boiler, in particular to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, and belongs to the technical field of chemical devices.
Background
The waste heat boiler is core equipment of a chemical device, and is generally used in or after an exothermic reactor to rapidly cool reaction gas; or in the heat recovery of high temperature gases. Some high temperature gases or reaction gases (hereinafter referred to as process gases) have high temperature, so that the use conditions of the waste heat boiler are severe, and particularly for the waste heat boiler with relatively high process gas pressure and relatively high temperature, the conventional shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is hardly available due to the problem of stress caused by thermal expansion between tube shell passes.
In order to solve the problem, other structural waste heat boilers are adopted in the prior art, such as a bayonet type waste heat boiler (vertical) with process gas entering from bottom to top, and the bayonet type waste heat boiler comprises a shell, 1 tube plate, a top saturated water and water vapor double tube box and a sleeve type heat exchange tube (the heat exchange tube comprises a sleeve outer tube and a sleeve inner tube sleeved in the sleeve outer tube), wherein the upper end of the sleeve type heat exchange tube is supported by the tube plate (upper tube plate), the lower end of the sleeve type heat exchange tube can freely stretch out and draw back, the sleeve inner tube is a saturated underwater downcomer, and the sleeve outer tube is a water vapor riser; the heat exchange between saturated water and process gas flowing in the annular space between the inner tube of the sleeve and the outer tube of the sleeve is realized. (the structural form can be seen in figure 2 or 3 of Chinese patent 201020145549.7). The bayonet type waste heat boiler well solves the problem of stress caused by shell-and-tube thermal expansion, but the sleeve type heat exchange tube of the bayonet type waste heat boiler is not uniform in axial bearing thermal strength, and the lower end is larger and the upper end is smaller, so that the wall temperature of the heat exchange tube is also higher and the upper end is lower, and the lower end is easy to damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the waste heat boiler with the fluidization gas distributor is provided, and the heat intensity born by the tube bundle assembly of the waste heat boiler in the axial direction tends to be uniform, so that the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor comprises a shell, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies assembled in the shell and used for circulating heat exchange media, and the fluidization gas distributor which is positioned below the tube bundle assemblies and takes an inverted cone shape; the tube bundle assembly is assembled on the upper section of the shell and extends downwards, and the tube bundle assembly is provided with a liquid inlet penetrating out of the shell and a vapor-liquid outlet; the fluidization gas distributor is provided with a plurality of air vents for circulating process gas, the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor is used for storing granules to form a cold bed, and a fluidization gas distribution chamber is formed between the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor and the lower end of the shell; the lower section of the shell is provided with an air inlet communicated with the fluidization air distribution chamber, and the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet.
With the present invention, the pellets (preferably sand and dust) are stored in a fluidizing gas distributor to form a cold bed. Saturated boiler water (heat exchange medium) enters the tube bundle assembly from the liquid inlet, the saturated boiler water exchanges heat with high-temperature process gas and the granules in the flowing process of the tube bundle assembly, and a water vapor mixture formed after the saturated boiler water is vaporized flows out from the vapor-liquid outlet. Meanwhile, for the flow heat exchange process of high temperature process gas (dust or dust free): the high-temperature process gas enters the fluidization gas distribution chamber from the gas inlet, and then flows through the vent holes of the fluidization gas distributor to enter the cold bed; at this time, the granules float up to a certain height under the action of process gas (or called fluidization gas) and undergo mixed heat exchange (the cold bed layer becomes a working bed layer, in the process, the granules are heated and the process gas is cooled to reach a working temperature which is basically balanced and called working bed layer temperature); the mixture of the granules and the process gas is subjected to heat exchange with saturated boiler water flowing through the tube bundle assembly, and the low-temperature process gas (containing a small amount of fine particles) after heat exchange flows out of the air outlet. When the waste heat boiler is not in operation and is in operation, the granules are in two different bed height states in the waste heat boiler. When the waste heat boiler is not in operation, the granules form a cold bed layer in the rest of the fluidization gas distributor, which is called cold bed layer height (the cold bed layer height is preferably greater than or equal to the height of the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor, and can be smaller than the height of the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor). When the waste heat boiler works, the granules float upwards under the action of process gas and keep a certain height distribution around the tube bundle assembly, wherein the height of the working bed layer is the height of the working bed layer, and the working bed layer is called a dense phase zone (the granules circularly flow in the dense phase zone); and the upper part of the working bed layer to the upper end of the shell is called a dilute phase zone. When the invention is adopted, the fluidized gas distributor and the granular materials form a bed layer, and the mixture of the granular materials and the process gas has a higher heat exchange coefficient than that of the independent process gas, so that the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; and because the process gas and the granular materials are subjected to heat exchange firstly, the temperature of the working bed layer is lower than that of the process gas of the air inlet, and the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler is improved. When the invention is adopted, the heat exchange process of the mixture of saturated boiler water, granules and process gas is mainly carried out in a dense-phase zone, and the temperature of a working bed layer in the dense-phase zone is relatively uniform due to the unique design of the invention, so that the heat intensity born by a tube bundle assembly axially tends to be uniform, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged. When the invention is adopted, the height of the working bed layer (or the size of the dense phase zone) can be controlled by controlling the air inflow of the process air from the air inlet, so that the heat exchange capacity of the waste heat boiler is regulated, and the temperature of the air outlet of the process air is regulated. The invention adopts the granules (solid particles) to build the bed layer, which is suitable for the high-temperature process gas containing dust (solid particles); but of course also to high temperature process gases without dust.
The waste heat boiler with the fluidization gas distributor is characterized in that the inner wall or/and the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor are provided with cooling coils and a distributor liner, the distributor liner covers the cooling coils, the air vent penetrates through the distributor liner, and the coil inlet and the coil outlet of the cooling coils penetrate through the shell. When the waste heat boiler works, a cooling medium (such as cooling gas) is introduced into the cooling coil pipe from the coil pipe inlet, and after heat exchange is realized between the cooling medium in the coil pipe inlet and high-temperature process gas flowing through the fluidization gas distributor, the cooling medium flows out from the coil pipe outlet, so that the temperature of the process gas is reduced, and the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler can be further improved. Preferably, the distributor liner is a wear resistant liner; for reducing the wear of the fluidization gas distributor and the thermal strength to which it is subjected. Preferably, the cooling coils are wound on the inner wall and the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor, and the cooling coils are covered by the lining of the distributor.
The invention relates to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, wherein the lower end of the fluidization gas distributor is provided with a slag discharge port, the lower end of a fluidization gas distribution chamber is provided with an ash discharge port, and the slag discharge port and the ash discharge port penetrate out from the lower end of a shell. For high temperature process gas containing dust, the dust of the process gas is mixed into the granules with the passage of time, so that the granules of the working bed layer are gradually increased, and in order to maintain the height of the working bed layer, the excessive granules can be discharged through a slag discharging port to maintain the height of the working bed layer. While dust deposited in the fluidization gas distribution chamber (a part of the dust of the process gas inevitably does not enter the working bed, but is deposited in the fluidization gas distribution chamber) can be discharged through the dust outlet. The design is particularly suitable for dust-containing high-temperature process gas; when the design is adopted, for the high-temperature process gas without dust, in order to maintain the height of the working bed, the working bed can be supplemented with granules through an online sand adding system.
The invention relates to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, which comprises a sleeve type header assembled on the upper section of a shell, wherein the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of heat exchange tube units extending downwards; the sleeve type collecting box comprises an outer collecting box assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner collecting box sleeved in the outer collecting box, the inner collecting box is provided with the liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet penetrates out of the shell after penetrating out of the outer collecting box; the outer header is provided with the vapor-liquid outlet, and the vapor-liquid outlet penetrates out of the shell; the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve inserted into the outer sleeve, the lower end of the outer sleeve is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner sleeve is inserted into the lower end of the outer sleeve and is communicated with the outer sleeve; the upper end of the inner sleeve penetrates into the outer header and then is communicated with the inner header, and the upper end of the outer sleeve is communicated with the outer header. As a specific preferred design of the tube bundle assembly, in the working process of the waste heat boiler, saturated boiler water flows into the inner header from the liquid inlet, then flows into each inner sleeve communicated with the inner header, flows downwards in the inner sleeve, flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve from the lower end of the inner sleeve, then turns back upwards, flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve to enter the outer header (in the process, the saturated boiler water and process gas outside the outer sleeve exchange heat with granules in parallel and are vaporized), and a water vapor mixture formed after heat exchange flows out from the vapor-liquid outlet through the annular gap between the outer header and the inner header. The design does not adopt a tube plate, but adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit, equipment is easy to be large-sized, and compared with the tube plate, the sleeve type header has low material grade requirement, reduces the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler and has good economy. Due to the design of the tube bundle assembly, the dead zone of gas phase space tube distribution can be reduced, so that the heat exchange area per unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
In order to increase the heat exchange area in the unit volume of the waste heat boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the invention provides the following two alternative technical schemes for improving the heat exchange tube unit.
The first scheme is as follows: further, the heat exchange tube unit also comprises a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, wherein the heat exchange branch tubes are positioned at the outer side of the outer sleeve and distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve, and the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange branch tubes are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of the outer sleeve. The heat exchange branch pipe and the outer sleeve form a parallel structure, and saturated boiler water flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve from the lower end of the inner sleeve and then turns back upwards through the design of the heat exchange branch pipe, so that a part of saturated boiler water flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve; and the other part of saturated boiler water flows upwards in the heat exchange branch pipe, and the saturated boiler water of the two parts is converged at the upper end of the outer sleeve pipe and then enters the outer header. The design of the heat exchange branch pipe shunts saturated boiler water, the diameter of the outer sleeve can be reduced, the heat exchange area in unit volume can be increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The second scheme is as follows: further, the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a redistribution tube mechanism, the redistribution tube mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes which are positioned at the outer side of the outer sleeve and distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve in sequence, each group of heat exchange branch tubes is provided with a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper end and the lower end of each group of heat exchange branch tubes are respectively communicated with the outer sleeve in sequence, wherein the lower end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes positioned at the lowest side is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve, and the upper end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes positioned at the highest side is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve. The heat exchange branch pipe and the outer sleeve form a series-parallel structure, the second scheme has the advantages of the first scheme, and the redistribution pipe mechanism formed by the second scheme forms a flow form of flow division, flow converging, flow dividing and flow converging … … from bottom to top of saturated boiler water, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
As a further design of the first or the second aspect, further, the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of foam breaking elements, and the foam breaking elements are arranged on the outer sleeve or/and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch tube. Vibration of the heat exchange tube unit can be reduced, and abrasion to the heat exchange tube unit (the outer sleeve or/and the heat exchange branch tube) is reduced; the heat exchange area can be further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Preferably, the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch pipe are both provided with foam breaking elements.
Further, the blind ends of the outer sleeves are connected through the connecting plates to form an integral structure. The lower ends of the bundles of heat exchange tube units (blind ends or lower ends of the outer sleeves) are connected through the connecting plates to form an integral structure, so that vibration of the heat exchange tube units can be reduced, and the service life of the waste heat boiler is prolonged.
Further, a baffle is arranged at the bottom of the blind end of each outer sleeve. If the design of the baffle is not adopted, the blind end of the outer sleeve can directly bear the mixture of the high-temperature process gas and the granular material, so that the blind end of the outer sleeve is easy to wear; the flow direction of the mixture of the process gas and the granules is changed by the baffle, and the mixture of the process gas and the granules flows upwards along the outer side of the outer sleeve from the blind end side of the outer sleeve due to the design of the baffle; this reduces the wear of the blind end of the outer jacket tube and the heat strength to which it is subjected, thereby increasing the service life of the waste heat boiler.
The invention relates to a waste heat boiler with a fluidization gas distributor, wherein the inner wall of a shell is provided with an inner shell lining. Alternatively, the shell lining is divided into two layers, wherein the layer which is clung to the inner wall of the shell is a first shell lining, the other layer is a second shell lining, the first shell lining is a heat insulation layer, and the second shell lining is a wear-resistant layer, so that the effects of wear resistance and heat insulation are mainly achieved; so as to prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler and play a role of heat insulation.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the waste heat boiler with the fluidization gas distributor, when the waste heat boiler is adopted, the fluidization gas distributor and the granular materials form a bed layer, and the mixture of the granular materials and the process gas is higher than the heat exchange coefficient of the independent process gas, so that the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; and because the process gas and the granular materials are subjected to heat exchange firstly, the temperature of the working bed layer is lower than that of the process gas of the air inlet, and the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler is improved. When the invention is adopted, the heat exchange process of the mixture of saturated boiler water, granules and process gas is mainly carried out in a dense-phase zone, and the temperature of a working bed layer in the dense-phase zone is relatively uniform due to the unique design of the invention, so that the heat intensity born by a tube bundle assembly axially tends to be uniform, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged. When the invention is adopted, the height of the working bed layer (or the size of the dense phase zone) can be controlled by controlling the air inflow of the process air from the air inlet, so that the heat exchange capacity of the waste heat boiler is regulated, and the temperature of the air outlet of the process air is regulated. The invention adopts the granules (solid particles) to build the bed layer, which is especially suitable for the high-temperature process gas containing dust (solid particles); but of course also to high temperature process gases without dust.
2. The cooling coil design can primarily reduce the temperature of the entering process gas, and further improve the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler.
3. The design of the slag discharging port can discharge redundant granular materials to maintain the height of the working bed layer; the ash discharge port is designed to discharge the dust deposited in the fluidizing gas distributing chamber.
4. The tube bundle assembly is specifically designed, the tube-free plate is adopted, the sleeve type header is used as a support of the heat exchange tube unit, equipment is easy to enlarge, the sleeve type header has low requirements on the grade of materials relative to the tube plate, the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler is reduced, and the economical efficiency is good.
5. The design of the heat exchange branch pipe in the first scheme realizes the flow form of the split-converging of the saturated boiler water; in the second scheme, the design of a redistribution pipe mechanism is changed, so that the flow form of saturated boiler water diversion-confluence-diversion-confluence … … is realized; the heat exchange area in unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
6. The design of the foam breaking element can reduce the vibration of the heat exchange tube unit and reduce the abrasion to the heat exchange tube unit (the outer sleeve and the heat exchange branch tube); the heat exchange area can be increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
7. The design of the connecting plate can reduce the vibration of the heat exchange tube unit and prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler.
8. The design of the baffle can reduce the abrasion of the outer sleeve and the born heat intensity, thereby prolonging the service life of the waste heat boiler.
9. The distributor lining is designed as a wear-resistant lining, and can play a role in wear resistance; the lining in the shell is designed into two layers of a heat insulation layer and a wear-resistant layer, and can play roles of wear resistance and heat insulation.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the first embodiment;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly within a shell according to one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tube bundle assembly according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in the first embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly in a shell according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a tube bundle assembly according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in the second embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the third embodiment;
fig. 12 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of D in fig. 11;
FIG. 14 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly in a shell according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the construction of a tube bundle assembly according to the third embodiment;
fig. 16 is an enlarged view at E in fig. 15;
fig. 17 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in the third embodiment.
The marks in the figure: 1-lower head, 2-barrel, 21-manhole, 22-support, 23-damping damper, 24-inlet, 25-fluidization gas distribution chamber, 26-ash discharge port, 3-upper head, 31-outlet, 4-shell inner liner, 41-first shell inner liner, 42-second shell inner liner, 5-tube bundle assembly, 511-inlet, 512-inner header, 513-inner sleeve, 521-vapor outlet, 522-outer header, 523-outer sleeve, 524-heat exchange manifold, 53-tube head, 54-connecting plate, 55-baffle, 56-bubble breaking element, 6-fluidization gas distributor, 61-vent, 62-cooling coil, 621-coil inlet, 622-coil outlet, 63-distributor liner, 64-slag discharge port, 7-partition plate, 71-structural cavity, 72-structural cavity inlet, 73-structural cavity outlet, 8-pellet.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor of the present embodiment includes a housing, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies 5 arranged and assembled in the housing for circulating a heat exchange medium, and a fluidizing gas distributor 6 located below the tube bundle assemblies 5 in an inverted cone shape; the tube bundle assembly 5 is assembled on the upper section of the shell and extends downwards, and the tube bundle assembly 5 is provided with a liquid inlet 511 and a vapor-liquid outlet 521 which penetrate out of the shell; the fluidization gas distributor 6 is provided with a plurality of air vents 61 for circulating process gas, the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor 6 is used for storing granules 8 to form a cold bed layer, and a fluidization gas distribution chamber 25 is formed between the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor 6 and the lower end of the shell; the lower section of the shell is provided with an air inlet 24 communicated with the fluidization air distribution chamber 25, and the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet 31.
With the present invention, the storage of the pellets 8 (preferably sand and dust of the pellets 8) in the fluidizing gas distributor 6 forms a cold bed. Saturated boiler water (heat exchange medium) from related equipment (such as a steam drum) enters the tube bundle assembly 5 from the liquid inlet 511, and the saturated boiler water exchanges heat with high-temperature process gas and the granules 8 in the flowing process of the tube bundle assembly 5, so that a water vapor mixture formed after the saturated boiler water is vaporized flows out from the steam-liquid outlet 521. Meanwhile, for the flow heat exchange process of high temperature process gas (dust or dust free): the high-temperature process gas enters the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25 from the gas inlet 24 and then flows through the air ports 61 of the fluidization gas distributor 6 to enter the cold bed; at this time, the granules 8 float up to a certain height under the action of the process gas (or called fluidization gas) and undergo mixed heat exchange (the cold bed becomes the working bed, in the process, the granules 8 are heated up, the process gas is cooled down, and the basic equilibrium working temperature is reached, called working bed temperature); the mixture of pellets 8 and process gas is heat exchanged with saturated boiler water flowing through the tube bundle assembly 5, and the low temperature process gas (containing small amounts of fine particles of dust) after heat exchange flows out of the gas outlet 31. When the waste heat boiler is not in operation and is in operation, the granules 8 are in two different bed height states in the waste heat boiler. When the waste heat boiler is not in operation, the pellets 8 form a cold bed in the rest of the fluidizing gas distributor 6, which is referred to as cold bed height (cold bed height is preferably greater than or equal to the height of the inner wall of the fluidizing gas distributor 6, but may also be smaller than the height of the inner wall of the fluidizing gas distributor 6). When the waste heat boiler works, the granules 8 float upwards under the action of the process gas and keep a certain height distribution around the tube bundle assembly (the granules 8 are suspended in the process gas doing the ascending motion), and the working bed layer is called a dense phase zone (most of the granules 8 circularly flow, subside and ascend in the dense phase zone) at the moment; and the upper part of the working bed layer to the upper end of the shell is called a dilute phase zone. When the invention is adopted, the fluidized gas distributor 6 and the granular materials 8 form a bed layer, and the mixture of the granular materials 8 and the process gas has a higher heat exchange coefficient than that of the independent process gas, so that the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; and because the process gas and the granular material 8 are subjected to heat exchange for the first time, the temperature of the working bed layer is lower than that of the process gas of the air inlet 24, so that the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler is improved. When the invention is adopted, the heat exchange process of the mixture of saturated boiler water, granular materials 8 and process gas is mainly carried out in a dense-phase region, and the temperature of a working bed layer in the dense-phase region is relatively uniform due to the unique design of the invention, so that the heat intensity born by the tube bundle assembly 5 in the axial direction tends to be uniform, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged. When the invention is adopted, the working bed height (or the size of the dense phase zone) can be controlled by controlling the air inflow of the process air from the air inlet 24 (for example, a flow regulating valve can be arranged at the air inlet 24), so that the heat exchange amount of the waste heat boiler is regulated, and the temperature of the process air flowing out of the air outlet 31 is regulated. The invention adopts the granules 8 (solid particles) to build the bed layer, which is especially suitable for the high-temperature process gas containing dust (solid particles); but of course also to high temperature process gases without dust.
Based on a further optimization of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the inner wall or/and the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor 6 is provided with cooling coils 62 and a distributor liner 63, the distributor liner 63 covers the cooling coils 62, the air vents 61 penetrate the distributor liner 63, and the coil inlets 621 and the coil outlets 622 of the cooling coils 62 penetrate the housing. When the waste heat boiler works, a cooling medium (such as cooling gas) is introduced into the cooling coil 62 from the coil inlet 621, and after the cooling medium in the coil inlet 621 exchanges heat with the high-temperature process gas flowing through the fluidizing gas distributor 6, the cooling medium flows out from the coil outlet 622, so that the temperature of the process gas is reduced, and the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler can be further improved. Preferably, the cooling coil 62 is wound around both the inner and outer walls of the fluidizing gas distributor 6, and the distributor liner 63 is provided to cover the cooling coil 62 on both the inner and outer walls of the fluidizing gas distributor 6, and of course, only the cooling coil 62 and the distributor liner 63 may be provided on the inner or outer wall of the fluidizing gas distributor 6. Preferably, the distributor liner 63 is a wear resistant heat resistant liner; for reducing the wear and tear of the fluidization air distributor 6 and the thermal strength to which it is subjected. When the design is adopted, the ventilation openings 61 are ventilation pipes which uniformly penetrate through the fluidization gas distributor 6 and the distributor liner 63 (when the design is not adopted, the ventilation openings 61 are ventilation holes which uniformly penetrate through the fluidization gas distributor 6), and preferably, the ventilation pipes are downwards deflected to point to the axis of the fluidization gas distributor 6.
According to a further optimization of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a slag discharging port 64 is provided at the lower end of the fluidization gas distributor 6, an ash discharging port 26 is provided at the lower end of the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25, and the slag discharging port 64 and the ash discharging port 26 penetrate out from the lower end of the housing. For high temperature process gas containing dust, dust of the process gas is mixed into the granules 8 with the passage of time, so that the granules 8 of the working bed layer are gradually increased, and in order to maintain the height of the working bed layer (within a certain range), the excessive granules 8 can be discharged through the slag discharge port 64 to maintain the height of the working bed layer; preferably, the slag locking valve is connected to the slag discharging opening 64 after penetrating out of the lower end of the shell. While the dust deposited in the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25 (a part of the dust of the process gas inevitably does not enter the working bed, but is deposited in the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25) can be discharged through the dust discharge port 26; the ash discharge port 26 can also be connected with a slag locking valve after penetrating out of the lower end of the shell. The design is particularly suitable for dust-containing high-temperature process gas; with this design, to maintain the working bed height for a dust-free high temperature process gas, the working bed may be supplemented with pellets 8 by an on-line sand feeding system (e.g., the dust-free high temperature process gas is fed with feed nozzles at the inlet 24 to mix into the pellets 8).
According to a further development of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the tube bundle assembly 5 comprises a double pipe header fitted to the upper section of the shell, the double pipe header being connected with a plurality of bundles of heat exchange tube units extending downwards; the sleeve type header comprises an outer header 522 assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner header 512 sleeved in the outer header 522, wherein the inner header 512 is provided with the liquid inlet 511, and the liquid inlet 511 penetrates out of the shell after penetrating out of the outer header 522; the outer header 522 is provided with the vapor-liquid outlet 521, and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 penetrates out of the shell; the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer tube 523 and an inner tube 513 inserted into the outer tube 523, wherein the lower end of the outer tube 523 is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner tube 513 is inserted into the lower end of the outer tube 523 and is communicated with the outer tube 523; the upper end of the inner sleeve 513 penetrates the outer header 522 and then is communicated with the inner header 511, and the upper end of the outer sleeve 523 is communicated with the outer header 522. As a particularly preferred design of the tube bundle assembly 5, during operation of the waste heat boiler, saturated boiler water from associated equipment (such as a steam drum) enters the inner header 512 from the liquid inlet 511, flows into each inner sleeve 513 communicated with the inner header 512, flows downward in the inner sleeve 513, flows from the lower end of the inner sleeve 513 into the lower end of the outer sleeve 523, turns back upward, flows upward along an annular space between the outer sleeve 523 and the inner sleeve 513 into the outer header 522 (during which the saturated boiler water and process gas outside the outer sleeve 523 exchange heat with pellets in parallel and are vaporized), and a water-steam mixture formed after the heat exchange flows out from the gas-liquid outlet 521 to the associated equipment (such as the steam drum) through the annular space between the outer header 522 and the inner header 512 for steam-water separation. The design does not adopt a tube plate, but adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit, equipment is easy to be large-sized, and compared with the tube plate, the sleeve type header has low material grade requirement, reduces the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler and has good economy. Due to the design of the tube bundle assembly, the dead zone of gas phase space tube distribution can be reduced, so that the heat exchange area per unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Alternatively, the lower end of the outer sleeve 523 is provided with a tube end socket 53 to form the blind end. Alternatively, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies 5 positioned in the shell are distributed side by side at equal intervals and are matched with the shell, the lengths of the sleeve type headers of the tube bundle assemblies 5 are different, and the number of heat exchange tube units connected with the sleeve type headers is also different; of course, the same interval ring-shaped distribution is also possible. Alternatively, the shell includes a cylinder 2, and an upper end enclosure 3 and a lower end enclosure 1 disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder 2, the air inlet 24 is disposed at the lower section of the cylinder 2 (or may be disposed at the lower end enclosure 1, of course), the air outlet 31 is disposed at the upper end enclosure 3 (or may be disposed at the upper section of the cylinder 2), the sleeve header is disposed at the upper section of the cylinder 2, the heat exchange tube unit extends to the lower section of the cylinder 2, and the fluidization gas distributor 6 is assembled at the lower section of the cylinder 2 and is disposed below the heat exchange tube unit. Preferably, the liquid inlet 511 and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 penetrate from the upper section of the cylinder 2; of course, the liquid inlet 511 and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 may also pass through the upper end enclosure 3. Alternatively, the upper section and the lower section of the shell are respectively provided with a manhole 21; preferably, there are 2 manholes 21, one of which 21 is provided at the upper section of the tube 2 (of course, may be provided at the upper head 3) and above the tube bundle assembly 5, and the other 21 is provided at the lower section of the tube 2 and between the tube bundle assembly 5 and the fluidizing gas distributor 6. Alternatively, the outer header 522 is mounted to the inner wall of the housing (preferably to the inner wall of the cylinder 2) by means of the support 22; preferably, the outer header 522 and the support 22 are provided with a damping and shock-absorbing member 23 therebetween; to dampen vibration of the tube bundle assembly 5 during operation as shown in fig. 1 and 2. Obviously, gaps which are used for the mixture flow of the process gas and the granules 8 are arranged between the tube bundle assemblies 5, and gaps which are used for the mixture flow of the process gas and the granules 8 are also arranged between the heat exchange units; obviously, the outer header 522 is not communicated with the cavity in the housing, the inner header 512 is not directly communicated with the outer header 522, and the inner header 512 is communicated with the outer header 522 through a heat exchange unit.
In order to increase the heat exchange area in the unit volume of the waste heat boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the first proposal is provided for the improvement of the heat exchange tube unit.
The first scheme is as follows: according to further optimization of the heat exchange tube unit of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4 to fig. 6, the heat exchange tube unit further includes a plurality of heat exchange branch pipes 524, where the heat exchange branch pipes 524 are located outside the outer casing 523 and distributed along the axis of the outer casing 523, and the upper and lower ends of the heat exchange branch pipes 524 are respectively communicated with the upper and lower ends of the outer casing 523. The heat exchange branch pipes 524 and the outer sleeve 523 form a parallel structure, and saturated boiler water flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve 523 from the lower end of the inner sleeve 513 and then turns back upwards by the design of the heat exchange branch pipes 524, so that a part of saturated boiler water flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve 523 and the inner sleeve 513; while another portion of saturated boiler water flows upward in heat exchange manifold 524, and the two portions of saturated boiler water meet at the upper end of outer jacket 523 and enter outer header 522. The design of heat exchange branch pipe 524 shunts saturated boiler water, the diameter of outer tube 523 can be reduced, and for bayonet waste heat boiler, the cloth pipe of unit volume can be more, and this design can increase the heat transfer area in the unit volume, improves heat exchange efficiency. Of course, the upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 may not be communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve 523, but the upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 is directly communicated with the outer header 522, which increases the difficulty of manufacturing, which is not the best solution.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the heat exchange tube unit further includes a plurality of foam breaking elements 56, where the foam breaking elements 56 are disposed on the outer wall of the outer jacket 523 and/or the heat exchange branch 524. The vibration of the heat exchange tube unit can be reduced, and the abrasion to the heat exchange tube unit (the outer sleeve 523 or/and the heat exchange branch 524) is reduced; the heat exchange area can be further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Preferably, the outer sleeve 523 and the outer wall of the heat exchange manifold 524 are provided with foam breaking elements 56; of course, only the outer jacket tube 523 or the outer wall of the heat exchange manifold 524 may be provided with the foam breaking element 56. Alternatively, the foam breaking element 56 is a fin or a pin head; preferably, the ribs are in the shape of tooth or rectangle, and the heads are in the shape of circle, ellipse or diamond. In one embodiment, the foam breaking elements 56 provided on the outer wall of the outer jacket 523 are studs, and the foam breaking elements 56 provided on the outer wall of the heat exchange manifold 524 are ribs.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the blind ends of the respective outer sleeves 523 are connected by connecting plates 54 to form a unitary structure. The lower ends of the heat exchange tube units (blind ends or lower ends of the outer sleeves 523) are connected through the connecting plates 54 to form an integral structure, so that vibration of the heat exchange tube units can be reduced, and the service life of the waste heat boiler can be prolonged.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the blind end bottom of each outer sleeve 523 is provided with a deflector 55. Without the design of the baffle 55, the blind end of the outer sleeve 523 would be directly subjected to the high temperature process gas and pellet 8 mixture, such that the blind end of the outer sleeve 523 would be easily worn; thanks to the design of the deflector 55, the flow direction of the mixture of the process gas and the granules 8 is changed by the deflector 55, and the mixture of the process gas and the granules 8 flows upwards from the blind end side of the outer sleeve 523 along the outer side of the outer sleeve 523; this reduces wear and the heat intensity experienced by the blind end of the outer jacket 523, thereby increasing the service life of the waste heat boiler. Preferably, the bottom surface of the deflector 55 is tapered or V-shaped.
Based on the combined design of the tube end enclosure 53, the connection plate 54 and the design of the baffle 55, the connection plate 54 is assembled at the bottom of the tube end enclosure 53 (the blind end of the outer sleeve 523) to connect each tube end enclosure 53; the baffles 55 are mounted at the bottom of the connection plate 54, and the baffles 55 are in one-to-one correspondence with the pipe heads 53, as shown in fig. 5.
According to a further development of the present embodiment, the inner wall of the housing is provided with an inner shell 4, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4. Alternatively, the shell inner liner 4 is divided into two layers, and the layer which is clung to the inner wall of the shell is a first shell inner liner 41, and the other layer is a second shell inner liner 42, wherein the first shell inner liner 41 is a heat insulation layer, and the second shell inner liner 42 is a wear-resistant layer, and mainly plays roles of wear resistance and heat insulation; so as to prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler and play a role of heat insulation; of course, the first shell liner 41 may be provided on the outer wall of the shell, and the second shell liner 42 may be provided on the inner wall of the shell. When being combined with the designs of the lower sealing head 1, the cylinder body 2, the upper sealing head 3 and the manhole 21, the inner walls of the lower sealing head 1, the cylinder body 2, the upper sealing head 3 and the manhole 21 are all provided with the shell lining 4.
Based on the design of the combination of the technical features, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 outside the outer sleeve 523 are distributed in a regular quadrilateral shape. In one embodiment, 4 heat exchange branch pipes 524 (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced) are connected in parallel outside each outer sleeve 523, so as to form a regular quadrilateral distribution, as shown in fig. 6. Alternatively, each inlet 521 merges into a total inlet, and each outlet 521 merges into a total outlet, as shown in fig. 2. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN less than 2500 mm.
Example two
As shown in fig. 7 to 10, the second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except that: the heat exchange branch pipes 524 outside the outer sleeve 523 are distributed in a regular hexagon shape. In one embodiment, 6 heat exchange branch pipes 524 (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced) are connected in parallel outside each outer sleeve 523, so as to form a regular hexagonal distribution, as shown in fig. 10. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN less than or equal to 2500mm and less than 4000 mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a partition plate 7 is disposed below the fluidization gas distributor 6, the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25 is formed between the upper wall of the partition plate 7 and the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor 6, a structural cavity 71 is formed between the lower wall of the partition plate 7 and the lower end of the housing, and the structural cavity 71 is provided with a structural cavity air inlet 72 penetrating through the housing and a structural cavity air outlet 73; the slag discharging port 64 and the ash discharging port 26 penetrate through the structural cavity and then penetrate out of the lower end of the shell. The structural cavity 71 is an adaptive design of a relatively large waste heat boiler, and when the invention is used, cooling gas is introduced into the structural cavity 71 from the structural cavity air inlet 72, so that the pressure of the fluidization gas distribution chamber 25 and the structural cavity 71 can be balanced; the cooling gas, after exiting the structural cavity outlet 73, also carries away a small portion of the heat of the high temperature process gas. When combined with the design of the shell lining 4 and the manhole 21, the upper wall of the partition plate 7 is provided with a (preferably wear-resistant and heat-insulating) shell lining 4, and the slag discharge opening 64 and the ash discharge opening 26 are also provided with a (preferably heat-insulating) shell lining 4 in the part of the structural cavity 71; in combination with the design of manhole 21, structural cavity 71 is also provided with manhole 21.
Example III
As shown in fig. 11 to 17, the third embodiment is substantially the same as the first or second embodiment except that: in order to increase the heat exchange area in the unit volume of the waste heat boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; embodiment three proposes a second solution different from the first solution of embodiment one or two.
The second scheme is as follows: based on further optimization of the heat exchange tube unit, as shown in fig. 11, fig. 15 and fig. 16, the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a redistribution tube mechanism, wherein the redistribution tube mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes 524 which are positioned outside the outer sleeve 523 and are distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve 523 in sequence, each group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 has a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper end and the lower end of each group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 are respectively communicated with the outer sleeve 523 in sequence, wherein the lower end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 positioned at the lowest side is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve 523, and the upper end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 positioned at the uppermost side is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve 523. The heat exchange branch pipe 524 and the outer sleeve 523 form a serial-parallel structure, the second scheme takes the advantages of the first scheme, and the redistribution pipe mechanism formed by the second scheme forms a flow form of split-confluence … … from bottom to top of saturated boiler water, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved, and the second scheme is particularly suitable for waste heat boilers with longer heat exchange pipe units; such as waste heat boilers with heat exchange tube units with lengths of more than or equal to 6000 mm. In one embodiment, there are 3 groups of heat exchange tubes 524 distributed sequentially along the axis of outer tube 523; of course, according to actual requirements, there may be 2 groups, 4 groups or more of heat exchange branch pipes 524 sequentially distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve 523; of course, only 1 set of heat exchange branch pipes 524 may be provided, which corresponds to the first embodiment. Preferably, the diameter of the outer sleeve 523 increases at the junction of the heat exchange manifold 524 and the outer sleeve 523, facilitating the flow pattern of the split and merge flow. Obviously, this embodiment also includes the related design of the foam breaking element 56, and the details of this embodiment are not described herein.
Further, as shown in fig. 11 and 14, each group of heat exchange branch pipes 524 is distributed in two circles, and the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe 524 located at the inner circle and the outer sleeve 523 is smaller than the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe 524 located at the outer circle and the outer sleeve 523. The layout mode of the heat exchange branch pipes 524 is optimized, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
Further, in each group of heat exchange branch pipes 524, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 positioned at the inner ring are distributed in a circular shape, and the heat exchange branch pipes 524 positioned at the outer ring are distributed in a regular hexagon shape. In one embodiment, there are 30 heat exchange branch pipes 524 connected in parallel outside the outer sleeve 523, wherein 12 heat exchange branch pipes 524 located at the inner ring form a circular distribution, 18 heat exchange branch pipes 524 located at the outer ring form a regular hexagonal distribution (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced), as shown in fig. 17. Of course, it is also possible to: the heat exchange branch pipes 524 of the two circles are distributed in a circular shape or in a regular hexagon shape. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN more than or equal to 4000 mm.
In summary, by adopting the waste heat boiler with the fluidization gas distributor, the fluidization gas distributor and the granular materials form a bed layer, and the mixture of the granular materials and the process gas has a higher heat exchange coefficient than that of the independent process gas, so that the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; and because the process gas and the granular materials are subjected to heat exchange firstly, the temperature of the working bed layer is lower than that of the process gas of the air inlet, and the high-temperature application range of the waste heat boiler is improved. When the invention is adopted, the heat exchange process of the mixture of saturated boiler water, granules and process gas is mainly carried out in a dense-phase zone, and the temperature of a working bed layer in the dense-phase zone is relatively uniform due to the unique design of the invention, so that the heat intensity born by a tube bundle assembly axially tends to be uniform, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is prolonged. When the invention is adopted, the height of the working bed layer (or the size of the dense phase zone) can be controlled by controlling the air inflow of the process air from the air inlet, so that the heat exchange capacity of the waste heat boiler is regulated, and the temperature of the air outlet of the process air is regulated. The invention adopts the granules (solid particles) to build the bed layer, which is especially suitable for the high-temperature process gas containing dust (solid particles); but of course also to high temperature process gases without dust. When the design of the invention is adopted, the waste heat boiler with the nominal diameter of more than 10 meters can be manufactured; when the invention is adopted, the inlet temperature of the high-temperature process gas can reach 1300 ℃.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. A waste heat boiler having a fluidizing gas distributor, characterized by: comprises a shell, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies (5) which are assembled in the shell and used for circulating heat exchange media, and a fluidization gas distributor (6) which is positioned below the tube bundle assemblies (5) and takes the shape of an inverted cone;
the tube bundle assembly (5) is assembled on the upper section of the shell and extends downwards, and the tube bundle assembly (5) is provided with a liquid inlet (511) penetrating out of the shell and a vapor-liquid outlet (521);
the fluidization gas distributor (6) is provided with a plurality of air vents (61) for circulating process gas, the inner wall of the fluidization gas distributor (6) is internally stored with granules (8) to form a cold bed layer, and a fluidization gas distribution chamber (25) is formed between the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor (6) and the lower end of the shell;
the lower section of the shell is provided with an air inlet (24) communicated with the fluidization air distribution chamber (25), and the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet (31);
the inner wall or/and the outer wall of the fluidization gas distributor (6) are provided with cooling coils (62) and a distributor liner (63), the distributor liner (63) covers the cooling coils (62), the air ports (61) penetrate through the distributor liner (63), and a coil inlet (621) and a coil outlet (622) of the cooling coils (62) penetrate out of the shell;
The lower end of the fluidization gas distributor (6) is provided with a slag discharge port (64), the lower end of the fluidization gas distribution chamber (25) is provided with an ash discharge port (26), and the slag discharge port (64) and the ash discharge port (26) penetrate out of the shell.
2. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tube bundle assembly (5) comprises a sleeve type header assembled at the upper section of the shell, and the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of heat exchange tube units extending downwards;
the sleeve type collecting box comprises an outer collecting box (522) assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner collecting box (512) sleeved in the outer collecting box (522), the inner collecting box (512) is provided with the liquid inlet (511), and the liquid inlet (511) penetrates out of the shell after penetrating out of the outer collecting box (522); the outer header (522) is provided with the vapor-liquid outlet (521), and the vapor-liquid outlet (521) penetrates out of the shell;
the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer tube (523) and an inner tube (513) inserted into the outer tube (523), wherein the lower end of the outer tube (523) is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner tube (513) is inserted into the lower end of the outer tube (523) and is communicated with the outer tube (523); the upper end of the inner sleeve (513) penetrates into the outer header (522) and then is communicated with the inner header (512), and the upper end of the outer sleeve (523) is communicated with the outer header (522).
3. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes (524), wherein the heat exchange branch tubes (524) are arranged outside the outer sleeve tube (523) and distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve tube (523), and the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange branch tubes (524) are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of the outer sleeve tube (523).
4. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a redistribution tube mechanism, the redistribution tube mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged outside the outer sleeve (523) and sequentially distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve (523), each group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) is provided with a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper end and the lower end of each group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) are respectively and sequentially communicated with the outer sleeve (523), wherein the lower end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged at the bottommost side is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve (523), and the upper end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged at the uppermost side is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve (523).
5. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of foam breaking elements (56), and the foam breaking elements (56) are arranged on the outer wall of the outer sleeve (523) or/and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch tube (524).
6. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the blind ends of the outer sleeves (523) are connected through connecting plates (54) to form an integral structure.
7. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom of the blind end of each outer sleeve (523) is provided with a baffle (55).
8. A waste heat boiler with a fluidizing gas distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner wall of the shell is provided with a shell inner lining (4).
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| CN111692904B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2025-02-11 | 福建龙净环保股份有限公司 | Flue gas heat exchanger |
| CN115111567A (en) * | 2022-06-26 | 2022-09-27 | 天华化工机械及自动化研究设计院有限公司 | Waste heat boiler |
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| CN208764904U (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-04-19 | 四川科新机电股份有限公司 | A kind of waste heat boiler with fluidized gas distributor |
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| CN204829831U (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-02 | 甘肃邦众工程技术有限公司 | Novel bayonet tubular water pipe waste heat boiler |
| CN105114924A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏奥祺晨特种金属材料集团有限公司 | Insertion pipe type annular flow steam generator |
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| CN108800096A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
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