CN108671417A - Pencil beam Response characteristics based on self-consistency - Google Patents
Pencil beam Response characteristics based on self-consistency Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
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Abstract
Original three-dimensional pen shape beam dose, is decomposed into the product of two functions by the invention discloses a kind of pencil beam Response characteristics based on self-consistency, and two functions indicate the two-dimentional dosage distribution of the endless beam of finite width respectively.The 3-dimensional dose that the present invention obtains core using 2-D data is distributed, the dosage distribution process of i.e. one rectangle pencil beam is the product of depth-dose distribution and two cross direction profiles, wherein depth-dose distribution indicates the dose value along pencil beam central shaft (being denoted as Z-direction), it is an one-dimensional distribution, cross direction profiles then indicate that the relative dosage in XZ and YZ planes is distributed, it is Two dimensional Distribution, the algorithm reduces storage demand, Simultaneous Forms are simply convenient for calculating, improve calculating speed, and the decomposed form disclosure satisfy that symmetry and self-consistency requirement, uniform dosage distribution can be generated under uniform launched field intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dose calculation in tumor radiotherapy, in particular to a pencil beam dose algorithm based on self-consistency.
Background
Radiation therapy, one of the main means of treating cancer, uses radioactive rays to kill tumor cells. Radiotherapy entails calculating the dose distribution of a radiation beam in a body, i.e. a dose calculation. One method commonly used for clinical dose calculation is called pencil beam algorithm, which decomposes the radiation beam into a plurality of very small pencil beams, calculates the dose distribution of each pencil beam separately, and then superimposes them to obtain the total dose distribution.
Wherein,representing the intensity of the radiotherapy beam at that point,then it is a pen core.
It is therefore very critical in pencil beam dose algorithms to calculate the dose distribution of a single pencil beam incident perpendicularly in water, called the pen kernel. The pen core needs to be obtained in advance, and the form of the pen core comprises an analytic form and a numerical table form obtained by Monte Carlo simulation or deconvolution of measurement data and the like. The pen core obtained by Monte Carlo simulation has the advantages that interpolation can be directly carried out by using the numerical table relative to the pen core in an analytic form, calculation is reduced greatly relative to the analytic form, and the speed of dose calculation is improved. However, because the dose distribution of a pen core is three-dimensional, and a large storage space is required for discretizing the dose distribution of the three-dimensional space into a numerical table, such as a typical three-dimensional Monte Carlo pen core, in order to ensure the accuracy of data under interpolation, at least about 200 grids are required in the depth direction, and at least 100 grids are required in each of the lateral X, Y directions, so that the pen core data is at least millions of orders of magnitude, and excessively large data not only increases the storage overhead, but also reduces the speed.
If instead of using a three-dimensional pen core, a two-dimensional pen core is used directly, the pen core distribution will include only two variables: depth d and lateral distance r, but since the lateral dose distribution of the pen kernel does not depend only on r, this process results in a dose that tends to be lower at the intersection of the individual pencil beams, since these calculation points are further away from the pencil beams and the dose contribution of the individual pencil beams is underestimated, so there will be a large oscillation in the calculated dose result unless very small pen kernels are used, but this will greatly increase the amount of calculation of the dose calculation.
It is therefore desirable to provide a new pencil beam dose algorithm to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a pencil beam dosage algorithm based on self-consistency, which uses two-dimensional data to obtain the three-dimensional dosage distribution of a pen core, reduces the storage requirement, and has simple form and convenient calculation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a pencil beam dose algorithm based on self-consistency is provided that decomposes the original three-dimensional pencil beam dose distribution into the product of two functions that represent the two-dimensional dose distribution of an infinitely long beam of finite width, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the dose distribution of a rectangular pencil beam is treated as the product of a depth dose distribution, which represents the dose value along the pencil beam central axis, which is denoted as the Z-direction, and two lateral distributions, which represent the relative dose distributions in the XZ and YZ planes.
Further, the self-consistency based pencil beam dose algorithm comprises the steps of:
the dose at d, x, y point of a rectangular pencil beam is denoted Kbeamlet(d, x, y) it is clear that this distribution is a function of d, x, y, and the pencil beam dose distribution is divided into the product of the depth dose and the two lateral distributions.
Kbeamlet(d,x,y)＝DPD(d)×KX(d,x)×KY(d,y)
Where d represents the depth of the calculated point and x, y represent the coordinates of the calculated point with respect to the central axis of the pencil beam; dpd (d) is depth dose distribution along pencil beam central axis; KXa(d, X) denotes the relative dose distribution of a strip beam of width a in the X-direction and infinite length in the y-direction at a depth d from the strip beam X in the X-direction, KYbThe meaning of (d, Y) is similar, i.e. the width in the Y-direction is b, and the relative dose distribution of a bar beam infinitely long in the x-direction at a depth d, Y from the bar beam, as shown in fig. 2. Obtaining the pen core in the form comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining the depth dose distribution of the pencil beam central axis by methods such as direct Monte Carlo simulation and the like;
then obtaining the relative dose distribution of the strip-shaped beam with the width of a in the X direction and the infinite length in the y direction on a plane vertical to the strip-shaped beam, and normalizing the relative dose distribution to a dose value with the distance of 0;
the relative dose distribution of a strip beam of width b in the Y-direction and infinite length in the x-direction at a depth d and Y from the strip beam in the Y-direction is similarly obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses two-dimensional data to obtain the three-dimensional dose distribution of the pen core, namely the dose distribution of a rectangular pencil beam is processed into the product of depth dose distribution and two transverse distributions, wherein the depth dose distribution represents the dose value along the central axis (recorded as Z direction) of the pencil beam and is one-dimensional distribution, the transverse distributions represent the relative dose distributions in XZ and YZ planes and are both two-dimensional distributions, the algorithm reduces the storage requirement, simultaneously has simple form and convenient calculation, improves the calculation speed, and the decomposition form can meet the requirements of symmetry and self-consistency, namely can generate uniform and consistent dose distribution under uniform field intensity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the pencil beam division;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention using two-dimensional data to derive a pen core three-dimensional dose distribution;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. irradiation field, 2, pencil beam, 3, pencil beam grid.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
There are various ways to obtain the dose distribution of pencil beams, i.e. pen cores, and here, taking the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain pen cores as an example, a description is given to a pen core model based on self-consistency to obtain the three-dimensional dose distribution of pen cores by using two-dimensional data, as shown in FIG. 1, an irradiation field 1 is decomposed into a plurality of very small pencil beams 2, assuming that the length of the pencil beam 2 in the X direction is a, and the width of the pencil beam in the Y direction is b.
1) Simulating the dose distribution of the pencil beams irradiated on the water mold body by Monte Carlo, extracting the dose distribution of the central shaft, and recording as DPD (d);
2) monte simulated the dose distribution of the water phantom irradiated by a bar beam field infinitely long in the Y direction, the width (X direction) of the bar beam is a, and the dose distribution in the XZ plane is extracted and is marked as DPFX (d, X). Most Monte Care simulation software does not support infinite field, so it can also be simplified that the Y direction of the bar beam is long enough to be equal to the size of the phantom, at this time, the dose distribution in the XZ plane needs to use the XZ plane passing through the center of the phantom to reduce the influence of the boundary. Normalizing the distribution according to the central value to obtain an XZ plane relative dose distribution KX (d, x), i.e., KX (d, x) ═ DPFX (d, x)/DPFX (d, x ═ 0), wherein DPFX (d, x ═ 0) ═ 1;
3) the Monte simulated the dose distribution of the infinitely long strip-shaped radiation field in the X direction irradiated to the water phantom, the strip-shaped beam width (Y direction) was b, and the dose distribution in the YZ plane was extracted and recorded as DPFY (d, Y). Similarly, the Monte Care simulation can be simplified to a bar beam X-direction long enough to fit the size of the phantom. Normalizing the distribution according to the central value to obtain a YZ plane relative dose distribution KY (d, x), namely KY (d, x) is DPFY (d, y)/DPFY (d, y is 0), wherein DPFY (d, y is 0) is 1;
4) dose distribution Kbeamlet (d, x, y) ═ dpd (d) x KX (d, x) x KY (d, y) of pen core;
in these simulations and dose distribution data extraction, it is preferable to use the same pencil beam grid 3, as shown in fig. 1, i.e., dpd (d), KX (d, x), KY (d, y) use the same depth grid 3, which can simplify the calculation and improve the interpolation efficiency.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A pencil beam dose algorithm based on self-consistency is characterized by decomposing the original three-dimensional pencil beam dose distribution into the product of two functions, which represent the two-dimensional dose distribution of an infinite beam of finite width, respectively.
2. The self-consistency based pencil beam dose algorithm of claim 1 wherein the dose distribution of a rectangular pencil beam is treated as the product of a depth dose distribution representing the dose value along the pencil beam central axis, which is denoted as the Z-direction, and two lateral distributions representing the relative dose distributions in the XZ and YZ planes.
3. The self-consistency based pencil beam dosing algorithm of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
the dose at d, x, y for a rectangular pencil beam of length a and width b is denoted as Kbeamlet (d, x, y),
Kbeamlet(d,x,y)＝DPD(d)×KXa(d,x)×KYb(d,y)，
where d represents the depth of the calculated point and x, y represents the distance of the calculated point from the central axis of the pencil beam;
KXa (d, X) denotes the relative dose distribution, KY, of a strip beam of width a in the X-direction and infinite length in the y-direction at a depth d from the strip beam X in the X-directionb(d, Y) has the similar meaning, i.e. the width in the Y direction is b, the relative dose distribution of a bar beam infinitely long in the x direction at a depth d, Y from the bar beam in the Y direction; dpd (d) shows the depth dose distribution along the central axis of the pencil beam, so KXa (d, x-0) is KYb(d,y＝1)＝1。
4. The self-consistency based pencil beam dosing algorithm of claim 3 wherein DPD (d), KXa (d, x), KYb (d, y) use the same depth grid.
5. A self-consistency based pencil beam dose algorithm as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the dose distribution of the bar beam satisfies the symmetry and self-consistency requirements that a uniform distribution can be produced at a uniform field intensity.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110652661A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-07 | 中北大学 | Convolution superposition dosage calculation system |
| CN120532049A (en) * | 2025-05-30 | 2025-08-26 | 国科离子医疗科技有限公司 | Particle dose determination method, device, electronic device and storage medium |
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| CN105251138A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-20 | 上海艾普强粒子设备有限公司 | Particle irradiation device and particle therapy system comprising device |
| CN107708803A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2018-02-16 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Dose distribution computing device, particle beam therapy device, and dose distribution computing method |
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| US20150216491A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2015-08-06 | Hampton University | Apparatus and method for external beam radiation distribution mapping |
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