CN108676007B - 放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108676007B CN108676007B CN201810652975.0A CN201810652975A CN108676007B CN 108676007 B CN108676007 B CN 108676007B CN 201810652975 A CN201810652975 A CN 201810652975A CN 108676007 B CN108676007 B CN 108676007B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医学分子影像技术领域,具体涉及一种放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物及其应用。
背景技术
近年研究发现,核黄素转运蛋白RFT2是核黄素转运至组织细胞内的关键蛋白,直到 2011年才最终确定其蛋白结构,是一个与脑卒中、神经退行性疾病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病和各种炎症及肿瘤发生发展密切相关的全新靶点。苯并蝶啶类化合物核黄素是人体必需的13种维生素之一,在体内以黄素单核苷酸(FMN)或黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)形式存在,是生物体内黄素酶的关键辅酶。FMN和FAD是生命体“动力工厂”线粒体中氧化呼吸链生产ATP的关键辅因子,参与调控线粒体关键代谢途径如 TCA循环、氧化磷酸化以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和核苷酸的代谢,对ATP的产生至关重要。同时FMN和FAD也是线粒体主要的修复体,它们激活各种不同的蛋白质,如一氧化氮合酶、一氧化氮还原酶和NADPH氧化酶,以保护细胞免受氧化应激和凋亡的影响。FMN 和FAD还有助于维持神经系统的完整性,促进突触、心肌细胞、视网膜和肠上皮细胞再生,与多种神经性疾病、心血管疾病发病后的保护与修复密切相关。核黄素还能特异性分选肿瘤干细胞,具有显示肿瘤干细胞的潜力。
脑卒中是一种死亡率高、致残率高的危险疾病。脑组织葡萄糖/糖原和能量储备能力差,一旦脑血流供应减少或中断就会发生缺血性损伤。线粒体是脑缺血的最敏感细胞器,缺血主要影响线粒体的电子传递链和氧化磷酸化,在2~5分钟内即导致ATP的下降,影响神经元之间的信息传递,进而引起分子水平和细胞水平的生理变化。分子影像学作为一种功能学显像技术,能够在基因水平、分子水平和细胞水平发生功能改变时提供早期诊断。分子影像学能够定性、定量和可视化的显示疾病发生、发展的变化规律,对探讨病因、个性化精准医疗、预后评估以及新药开发等都具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物的应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物,其分子结构式如下:
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述放射性核素为放射性碘核素。
进一步优选的,所述放射性碘核素为碘-131、碘-125、碘-124或碘-123。
上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将第一前体化合物溶于溶剂中,该溶剂包括DMSO、乙醇和去离子水中的至少一种,上述第一前体化合物的结构式为下述之一:
(2)将步骤(1)所得的物料加入到含有氧化剂的涂管中,再加入所述放射性核素的溶液,密闭条件下,于95~102℃反应1~80min,然后冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料过C18柱,以除去未标记的放射性核素,进一步用氮气吹扫除去溶剂后,再经稀释并无菌过滤后,即得。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述氧化剂为将放射性碘离子氧化为碘单质或正一价碘离子的氧化剂,包括氯胺T、Iodogen、碘珠、次氯酸、亚硝酸、硝酸、过硫酸铵、过氧化氢乙酸氧化剂、硫酸铁和乳过氧化物酶。
上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物在制备早期诊断显像剂中的应用。
本发明的另一技术方案如下:
一种放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物,其分子结构式如下:
其中,R为其中X1和X2相同或不同,均独立地选自或其中的衍生自连接剂NH2-(CH2)m-NH2, R3为-CH2-或-O-CH2-,m为1~6的整数;R1为-H或-OH,n为1~6的整数;R4为螯合基团HYNIC、DTPA、DOTA、NOTA或SIB,该R4直接标记有放射性核素。
HYNIC、DTPA、DOTA、NOTA和SIB的结构式如下:
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述放射性核素包括99mTc、111In、18F、177Ru、153Sm、64Cu、89Zr和67/68Ga中的至少一种。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述连接剂NH2-(CH2)m-NH2为乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺或己二胺。
上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述HYNIC、DTPA、DOTA、NOTA或SIB、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS) 和二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)混合室温反应8~12h后过滤;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的物料和连接剂NH2-(CH2)n-NH2溶于DMSO和水的混合溶剂中,用DIEA调节pH至8~9,室温反应8~12h,在加入醋酸终止反应;
(4)将所述放射性核素的溶液与步骤(3)所得的物料混合混合,通过配位反应得到所述放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物。
上述苯并蝶啶类衍生物在制备早期诊断显像剂中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明提出设计靶向核黄素转运蛋白RFT2的放射性标记苯并蝶啶类分子探针,建立核医学成像方法评估脑卒中发生发展过程中RFT2的表达,将其作为脑卒中早期诊断和预后评估的核医学显像新靶点,以实现对脑卒中的早期分子影像学诊断,以期对脑卒中发生、发展的变化规律,个性化精准医疗,预后评估以及新药开发等提供精准的指导。同时也为以RFT2为全新靶点通过核医学诊断心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病、各种炎症及肿瘤提供新的靶向探针,为相关疾病的诊疗开拓新的研究方向。
2、本发明的具有标记时间短、标记产率高等特点,有利于标记物的商业化应用与临床推广。
3、本发明具有在发生脑卒中后立即给药并在给药后5min即进行显像诊断就能清晰地看到病灶部位,这极大缩短了诊断时间,在脑卒中的黄金抢救时间内进行正确诊断,能够及时指导有效治疗,达到治疗效果最好和风险最低,这对患者病情预后有着至关重要的作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2制备的131I-II的标记率图。
图2为本发明实施例6中的131I-II的MicroSPECT/CT显像结果图。
图3为本发明实施例6中的131I-II的放射自显影和TTC染色结果图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
实施例1:131I-Ⅰ的制备
131I-I的合成与标记路线如下:
将核黄素(2.7g,8.0mmol)加入150mL水中(悬浊液),然后加入NaIO4(6.0g,28mmol),避光室温搅拌2h以上,TLC(CH2Cl2/MeOH,5:1)监测反应直到原料反应完全,过滤、逐次用冷水和甲醇淋洗,真空干燥得化合物1。将所有所得化合物1加入150 mL乙醇中,再加入NaBH4(160mg,4.2mmol)。避光、室温搅拌3h。TLC(CH2Cl2/ MeOH,5:1)监测反应直到化合物1反应完全,过滤、逐次用冷水和甲醇淋洗,真空干燥得化合物Ⅰ,总产率90%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6).δ2.40(s,3H),2.49 (s,3H),3.81(m,2H),4.68(t,2H),4.92(t,1H),7.89(s,2H),11.31(s, 1H)。
称取0.1mg化合物Ⅰ(纯度=95%),溶于50μLDMSO和50μL 超纯水的混合溶剂中,取40μL溶液加到含100μg次氯酸的1.5mL eppendorf管中,加入 1.0mCiNa131I溶液,室温反应10min左右,加入100μg偏重亚硫酸钠终止反应。用TLC 法测定标记率,Whatman滤纸作为载体,生理盐水作为流动相展开,TLC薄层放射性扫描仪测定标记率。加水稀释反应液后经Sep-Pak C18色谱柱分离纯化,以水冲洗色谱柱除去未反应的131I离子,以乙醇溶液淋洗得到131I-Ⅰ,经生理盐水稀释后无菌过滤即得131I- Ⅰ注射液。
实施例2:131I-II的制备
称取0.1mg化合物II(R=-OH,R1=H,n=3;纯度=98%,购买)粉末,溶于10μL DMSO和100μL超纯水组成的混合溶剂中,取60μL化合物II溶液加入到制备好的Iodogen含量为80μg的涂管中,加入600μCi Na131I溶液,40℃加热,反应30min左右,终止反应。用TLC法测定标记率,Whatman滤纸作为载体,生理盐水作为流动相展开,TLC薄层放射性扫描仪测定标记率,其标记率≥98%(图1),经生理盐水稀释后无菌过滤即得131I-II注射液。
实施例3:125I-Ⅲ的制备
将3,4-二甲基苯胺(9.0g,75mmol)、三乙胺(18mL)、6-氯己醇(3.0g,24.0mmol,3.0mL)的混合体系110℃搅拌5h。冷却后加入200mL二氯甲烷,用碳酸钠溶液(10%, 40mL)洗。水层用二氯甲烷萃取两次(2×100mL),有机层用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶液旋干得化合物1。将化合物1(4.5g,20.5mmol)溶解于水-二氧六环(1:1;45mL),在氩气回流状态下加入6-氯尿嘧啶(1g,6.82mmol)搅拌,回流15h后冷却,加入氢氧化钠(10%)将pH调为11,二氯甲烷(3×100mL)萃取除去未反应的1,在水层加入盐酸调节pH为3,过滤并收集沉淀,水洗沉淀,将滤液旋蒸即得2粗品,继续甲醇溶解,过滤除去杂质,旋蒸甲醇,并将固体部分在水中重结晶即得2。将2(1.5g,5.0mmol)溶解于醋酸(10mL),加入亚硝酸钠(1.7g,25mmol),避光室温搅拌3h,加入水(6mL),悬浮液再次搅拌3h,蒸发溶剂,加水过滤,固体再次水洗,在乙酸乙酯-乙醇(50:50) 体系重结晶即得3。将二硫苏糖醇溶液(1.3g,9.0mmol,20mL)加入3(0.72g,2.0mmol) 乙醇(500mL)溶液中,在氩气保护下回流搅拌20min,蒸发溶剂,残渣由乙醇结晶,即得化合物Ⅲ。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.21(1H,br s),7.93(1H,s), 7.78(1H,s),4.57(2H,t),4.30(1H,m),3.40(2H,m),2.50(3H,s),2.38 (3H,s),1.70(2H,m),1.43(6H,m)。
称取0.1mg化合物Ⅲ(纯度=96%),溶于微量乙醇和100μL超纯水的混合溶剂中,取40μL溶液加到含100μg氯胺T的1.5mL eppendorf管中,加入1.5mCi Na125I溶液,60℃加热,反应1min左右,加入200μg偏重亚硫酸钠终止反应。用TLC法测定标记率,Whatman滤纸作为载体,生理盐水作为流动相展开,TLC薄层放射性扫描仪测定标记率。加水稀释反应液后经Sep-Pak C18色谱柱分离纯化,以水冲洗色谱柱除去未反应的125I离子,以乙醇溶液淋洗得到125I-Ⅲ,经生理盐水稀释后无菌过滤即得125I-Ⅲ注射液。
实施例4:125I-Ⅳ的制备
7-(2-氨基-4,5-二甲基-苯胺基)-庚酸(65mg,0.25mmol)溶解于5mL醋酸中,加入B2O3(33mg,0.48mmol)和水合阿脲(38mg,0.24mmol),室温反应3h。将反应混合物减压浓缩,HPLCThermo Fisher DionexUltiMate 3000,Nucleosil C18(250×4mm, 10μm,)纯化,流动相0.1%TFA水-乙腈,梯度洗脱,100%水相(0~3min),100%水相-98%乙腈(3~25min)。
称取0.1mg化合物Ⅳ(R=-COOH,R1=-OH,n=5),溶于100μL超纯水中,取80μL溶液加到含10μL 3%过氧化氢乙酸氧化剂的eppendorf管中,加入1 mCiNa125I溶液,室温反应10min左右,加入100μL(25g/L)亚硫酸氢钠终止反应。用 TLC法测定标记率,Whatman滤纸作为载体,生理盐水作为流动相展开,TLC薄层放射性扫描仪测定标记率。加水稀释反应液后经Sep-Pak C18色谱柱分离纯化,以水冲洗色谱柱除去未反应的125I离子,以乙醇溶液淋洗得到目标标记化合物,经生理盐水稀释后无菌过滤即得标记125I-Ⅳ注射液。
实施例5:18F-AlF-DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH-F
化合物Ⅴ由5-(2-氨基-4,5-二甲基-苯胺基)-戊酸和水合阿脲合成,具体合成和纯化方法与化合物Ⅳ一致。
化合物Ⅴ-NHS的合成:化合物Ⅴ(205.2mg,0.6mmol),在氩气保护条件下加入加入无水DMSO(10mL),加入N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,134mg,0.65mmol) 和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS,74.9mg,0.651mmol),避光、氩气保护室温反应过夜。过0.22μm滤膜除去二环己基脲(DCU)。在搅拌条件下将滤液滴加到50mL冰冷丙酮/ 无水乙醚(30:70)中,将所得固体抽滤,用冷乙醚洗涤3次,真空抽滤既得Ⅴ-NHS。
DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH2的合成:DOTA(250mg,0.72mmol)溶解于10mL CAN,加入N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,154mg,0.72mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS, 78mg,0.72mmol),室温搅拌3h,过滤除去二环己基脲(DCU),滤液旋蒸干燥,既得DOTA-NHS。将0.62mL 1,3-丙二胺(7.4mmol)和0.2mL DIEA溶解1mL干燥DMSO,将DOTA-NHS(300mg,0.74mmol)加入6mL干燥DMSO,再将其逐滴加入以上丙二胺溶液中,氮气保护下室温搅拌过夜。减压浓缩后,将该溶液倒入丙酮/乙醚(30:70v/v) 的冷溶液中,使产物沉淀。乙醚(3×50ml)洗涤去除杂质,既得DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH2。
DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH--的合成:Ⅴ-NHS(264mg,0.6mmol)加入3ml DMSO,加入三乙胺(83μL,0.6mmol)和DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH2(242.5mg,0.6mmol),反应混合物在60℃下避光搅拌3h。反应混合物中加入2mL乙腈沉淀出产物,产物离心后用乙醚洗涤3次,真空干燥的产物DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH-Ⅴ。
18F-AlF-DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH-Ⅴ的合成:将约37~3700兆贝可(MBq)18F-靶水 (加速器直接获得18O-18F水)加入到含0.1mL AlCl3醋酸-醋酸盐缓冲溶液(0.5mol/L, pH4,含1.6μg AlCl3)和0.1mL DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH-Ⅴ的醋酸-醋酸盐溶液(pH4,含40μg DOTA-NH-(CH2)3-NH-Ⅴ)的1.5mL Axygen无挂壁冻存管中,置于沸水浴中反应20分钟,即得到目标配合物。
实施例6:131I-II的生物学评价
以下对按本发明上述实施例的方法所制备的放射性碘标记的靶向探针131I-II的性能测定描述:
1)大鼠缺血性脑卒中模型的制备
采用中脑动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)法建立大鼠脑缺血梗死模型,称Wistar大鼠体重,10%水合氯醛(3mL/kg)麻醉、固定于鼠板上,脱去颈部毛发并用医用碘伏消毒。从颈正中线开口,暴露右侧颈总动脉及分支,小心分离颈总动脉、颈外动脉和颈内动脉,双线结扎颈外动脉,动脉夹夹闭颈总动脉和颈内动脉,在颈外动脉残端剪开45度一小口,向颈内方向插入栓线,扎紧固定线,松开动脉夹,缺血30min后进行再灌注。待大鼠苏醒后观察症状,模型成功可见大鼠向对侧绕圈和追尾、倾倒。
2)131I-II在缺血性脑卒中模型中的MicroSPECT/CT显像
在大鼠脑缺血梗死模型建成后(n=3),立刻静脉注射18.5~22MBq/250μL131I-II注射液,在给药后5min对模型鼠进行MicroSPECT/CT显像,SPECT显像扫描时间为10min,相当于缺血梗死后20min左右。结果如图2左侧图显示,在大脑右侧脑梗死区域有明显的高的放射性信号(白色箭头所指位置),但在左侧正常脑组织区域没有明显的放射性信号,说明131I-II能够快速和清晰的成像缺血性脑梗死区域。
3)131I-II在缺血性脑卒中模型后的TTC染色和放射磷屏自显影
Micro-SPECT/CT显像后,迅速断头取脑。在-20℃冰箱冷冻约15~20min,从冰箱取出,立即用组织切片刀片切成厚度均匀的3mm左右的脑切片,将脑切片立即置于2%的TTC(2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑)染色溶液中,37℃避光孵育约10~15min,随时观看染色效果,待左侧正常脑组织染成砖红色,右侧梗死部分脑组织为苍白色,取出脑切片,并用相机拍照(图3左侧TTC图)。将TTC染色后的脑切片在高效磷屏曝光2~4h,通过磷屏成像扫描仪获取放射自显影图像,上述将TTC染色图与放射自显影图进行对照确定梗死脑组织区域和正常脑组织区域。从图3中部放射磷屏自显影图(AUT)可见右侧脑梗死区域的放射性信号明显高于左侧正常脑组织区域。利用Optiquant TM软件对放射磷屏自显影图中的缺血梗死和正常脑组织区域进行放射性定量分析,从图3右侧柱状图可得出右侧脑梗死区域的放射性信号大约是左侧正常脑组织区域的5倍左右,具有较高的靶/非靶比,这与Micro-SPECT/CT显像结果一致。
上述步骤中的所使用的化学物质均为市售商品。
上述方法中,所述放射性核素为核医学显像部分。
本发明所使用的核素除131I和125I外,还可能为123I和124I等同位素,当R为羧基时还可能连接剂与螯合基团HYNIC、NOTA、DOTA以及DTPA等连接,具有标记18F、99mTc、64Cu、68Ga、111In、177Ru、153Sm等其他放射性核素的潜力;所用的连接剂除了二胺类化合物(乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺或己二胺)外,还可以为聚乙二胺类化合物;所用的化合物除I、II、III、Ⅳ和Ⅴ外,还可为在7和8位甲基修饰后进行放射性标记的含苯并蝶啶母核的分子结构;所用的氧化剂除Iodogen外,还可以为氯胺T和次氯酸、碘珠、亚硝酸、硝酸、过硫酸铵、过氧化氢乙酸氧化剂、硫酸铁和乳过氧化物酶等;其应用范围除了缺血性脑卒中,还可能为出血性脑卒中、神经性疾病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病和各种炎症及肿瘤的早期诊断,肿瘤干细胞的放射性治疗,甚至可以用作磁共振造影剂对上述所述疾病进行磁共振诊断。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (6)
3.权利要求1所述的苯并蝶啶类衍生物在制备早期诊断显像剂中的应用。
5.权利要求4所述的苯并蝶啶类衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述DOTA、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)混合室温反应8~12h后过滤;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的物料和连接剂丙二胺溶于DMSO和水的混合溶剂中,用DIEA调节pH至8~9,室温反应8~12h,在加入醋酸终止反应;
(4)将所述放射性核素的溶液与步骤(3)所得的物料混合混合,通过配位反应得到所述放射性核素标记的苯并蝶啶类衍生物,该放射性核素为18F。
6.权利要求4所述的苯并蝶啶类衍生物在制备早期诊断显像剂中的应用。
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