CN108599815B - Beam adjustment method of vehicle-mounted smart antenna and vehicle-mounted terminal - Google Patents
Beam adjustment method of vehicle-mounted smart antenna and vehicle-mounted terminal Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
- H04B7/0897—Space-time diversity using beamforming per multi-path, e.g. to cope with different directions of arrival [DOA] at different multi-paths
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种车载智能天线的波束调整方法及车载终端，所述方法包括：根据所述车载智能天线所在车辆当前的速度和位置，计算所述车辆下一时刻的位置；从波达方向数据库中获取预存的所述下一时刻的位置对应的波达方向；在到达或即将到达所述下一时刻的位置时，根据获取的波达方向进行所述车载智能天线的波束成型；将所述波达方向作为初步波达方向估计信息后利用校正算法进一步估计当前波达方向后，根据估计的当前波达方向调整所述车载智能天线的波束赋型。应用本发明能够在沿线高速行进的运输车辆上估计波达方向时具有更快的收敛速度，且具有很高的准确性，从而能够适合高铁等运输车辆上智能天线的应用。
The invention discloses a beam adjustment method of a vehicle-mounted smart antenna and a vehicle-mounted terminal. The method includes: calculating the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle where the vehicle-mounted smart antenna is located; Obtain the pre-stored direction of arrival corresponding to the position at the next moment in the database; when reaching or about to arrive at the position at the next moment, perform beamforming of the vehicle-mounted smart antenna according to the obtained direction of arrival; After the direction of arrival is used as the preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, the current direction of arrival is further estimated by a correction algorithm, and the beamforming of the vehicle-mounted smart antenna is adjusted according to the estimated current direction of arrival. The application of the present invention can have faster convergence speed and high accuracy when estimating the direction of arrival on a transport vehicle traveling at high speed along the line, so that it can be suitable for the application of smart antennas on transport vehicles such as high-speed rail.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of smart antenna technologies, and in particular, to a method for adjusting a beam of a vehicle-mounted smart antenna and a vehicle-mounted terminal.
Background
The intelligent antenna, namely the self-adaptive antenna system, is initially applied to radar, sonar and military, and is mainly used for completing spatial filtering and positioning. The main task of the smart antenna technology is to study how to acquire and utilize spatial direction information contained in a received signal, and improve the quality of the received signal through an array signal processing technology, thereby improving the performance of the system. The intelligent antenna completes the functions of beam forming and spatial filtering through the weighting and combination of the array. Beamforming is to form a directional beam in the array pattern for the direction of arrival and a lower gain for the other directions. Spatial filtering means that only signals in a particular direction of incidence are amplified, while signals incident in other directions are attenuated. Is a selective reception function with respect to a spatial direction. The array pattern of the smart antenna thus obtained should have the following characteristics: a main lobe, an auxiliary lobe and the like; the main lobe is generally narrower; the size and position relation of the main valve and the auxiliary valve is flexible; the antenna gain is large. In addition, because different weights usually correspond to different directional diagrams, the smart antenna can adjust the weights through a self-adaptive algorithm to obtain the most appropriate directional diagram.
The existing intelligent antenna technology is mainly used for public network mobile communication, needs to adopt a relatively complex method to carry out direction-of-arrival estimation and beam forming, and has relatively low convergence rate; the convergence speed of the estimation of the direction of arrival of the intelligent antenna installed on the high-speed rail is low, so that the direction of arrival of the intelligent antenna is difficult to estimate in time before the intelligent antenna reaches a corresponding position, the accuracy of the direction of the antenna is poor, and the signal transmission effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a beam adjusting method of a vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna and a vehicle-mounted terminal, which have higher convergence speed and higher accuracy when the direction of arrival is estimated on a transport vehicle running at high speed along the line, so that the method can be suitable for the application of the intelligent antenna on transport vehicles such as high-speed rails and the like.
Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a beam adjustment method for a vehicle-mounted smart antenna, including:
calculating the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle where the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is located;
obtaining a prestored arrival direction corresponding to the position of the next moment from a direction of arrival database;
when the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna reaches or is about to reach the position of the next moment, carrying out beam forming on the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna according to the obtained direction of arrival;
and after the direction of arrival is used as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, a current direction of arrival is further estimated by using a correction algorithm, and the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is adjusted according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
Further, after the further estimating the current direction of arrival by using the correction algorithm, the method further includes:
comparing the estimated current direction of arrival with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database;
and if the difference value of the two is larger than a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position of the next moment in the direction of arrival database into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna.
The invention also provides a beam adjusting method of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna, which comprises the following steps:
the vehicle-mounted station arranged on the vehicle where the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is positioned calculates the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle where the vehicle is positioned;
the vehicle-mounted station acquires a prestored arrival direction corresponding to the position at the next moment from a direction of arrival database;
when the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna reaches or is about to reach the position of the next moment, carrying out beam forming according to the direction of arrival acquired by the vehicle-mounted station;
and the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna takes the direction of arrival as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, further estimates the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm, and adjusts beam forming according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
Further, after the further estimating the current direction of arrival by using the correction algorithm, the method further includes:
the vehicle-mounted station compares the current direction of arrival estimated by the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database;
and if the difference value of the two signals exceeds a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position at the next moment into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna by the vehicle-mounted station in the direction of arrival database.
The present invention also provides a vehicle-mounted terminal installed on a vehicle traveling along a line, comprising:
the vehicle-mounted station is used for calculating the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle; obtaining a pre-stored direction of arrival corresponding to the position at the next moment from a direction of arrival database;
the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is used for carrying out beam forming according to the direction of arrival obtained by the vehicle-mounted station when the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna reaches or is about to reach the position of the next moment, and further estimating the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm after the direction of arrival is used as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information; and then adjusting the beamforming according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
Preferably, the vehicle-mounted station is further configured to compare the current direction of arrival estimated by the vehicle-mounted smart antenna with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database; and if the difference value of the two is larger than a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position of the next moment in the direction of arrival database into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna.
According to the technical scheme, when the vehicle arrives or is about to arrive at the position of the next moment, the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is carried out according to the pre-stored arrival direction corresponding to the position of the next moment; and further using the direction of arrival as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, further estimating the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm, and adjusting the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna according to the estimated current direction of arrival. Global search estimation is not needed, and only local search estimation within a limited range is utilized, so that the operation amount is greatly reduced, the convergence speed is high, and the estimation precision is high. Thereby enabling faster convergence speed and higher accuracy in estimating the direction of arrival on a transit vehicle traveling along the line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a beam adjustment method for a vehicle-mounted smart antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an internal structure of a vehicle-mounted terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for adjusting a beam of a vehicle-mounted smart antenna by a vehicle-mounted terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it should be noted that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and they are not described in any more detail in the following embodiments.
The inventor of the invention considers that vehicles running along a line, such as a high-speed rail, usually run on a fixed track, and a base station beside the track is also fixed, so that the vehicles actually move linearly on a two-dimensional plane, the variation range of the direction of arrival is limited and has certain regularity, global search estimation is not needed, local search estimation in a limited range is utilized, the convergence speed is high, and the estimation accuracy is high. And the environment of the ground is basically unchanged when the vehicle runs to a certain place every time, the direction of arrival of the vehicle does not change greatly, so that the prior information of the direction of arrival can be quickly acquired through the pre-stored data of the direction of arrival, and the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna installed on the vehicle can acquire a rough direction in advance according to the pre-stored direction of arrival information and obtain a limited parameter adjustment set, thereby greatly reducing the calculation amount and accelerating the tracking convergence speed of the beam. Therefore, the method has higher convergence speed and higher accuracy when estimating the direction of arrival on the transport vehicle running at high speed along the line.
The technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The beam adjusting method of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has the flow as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
s101: calculating the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle where the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is located; the vehicles can be vehicles running along lines such as high-speed rails, ordinary railways, subways, inter-city express buses and buses.
S102: and obtaining the prestored arrival direction corresponding to the position at the next moment from the arrival direction database.
Specifically, the direction of arrival database prestores the direction of arrival corresponding to each position along the vehicle travel route (which may be a position along the base station). The correspondence between the position recorded for the first time in the direction of arrival database and the direction of arrival may be obtained by the existing method of estimating the direction of arrival, for example, by training and deep joint learning.
S103: and when the vehicle arrives or is about to arrive at the position of the next moment, carrying out beam forming on the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna according to the acquired arrival direction.
Specifically, when a vehicle arrives, the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is carried out according to the acquired arrival direction; alternatively, when the vehicle is about to reach the position at the next time, for example, when the time when the vehicle is expected to reach the position at the next time is less than a set value (for example, 10 milliseconds), the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted smart antenna may be performed according to the acquired direction of arrival.
S104: and after the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database is used as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, the current direction of arrival is further estimated by utilizing a correction algorithm.
The direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database is used as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, and the obtained direction of arrival usually has little deviation with the actual direction of arrival, so the correction algorithm can be converged quickly, and the current direction of arrival is calculated. Therefore, the method has higher convergence speed and higher accuracy when estimating the direction of arrival on the vehicle running at high speed along the line.
S105: and adjusting the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
S106: and comparing the estimated current direction of arrival with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database, and updating the direction of arrival database according to the comparison result.
In this step, the estimated current direction of arrival is compared with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database; if the difference value of the two is larger than a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position of the next moment in the direction of arrival database into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna; so that the stored direction of arrival corresponding to that location in the direction of arrival database is closer to the actual direction of arrival. When the vehicle passes through the position next time, the updated direction of arrival is used as the preliminary direction of arrival estimation information to estimate the direction of arrival, and then a faster estimated convergence speed can be obtained.
Based on the above method, an embodiment of the present invention provides an in-vehicle terminal installed on a vehicle traveling at high speed along a line, an internal structure of which is shown in fig. 2, and the in-vehicle terminal includes: vehicle-mounted station 201, smart antenna 202.
The vehicle-mounted station 201 is configured to calculate a position of the vehicle at a next moment according to a current speed and a current position of the vehicle where the vehicle-mounted terminal is located; obtaining a pre-stored direction of arrival corresponding to the position at the next moment from a direction of arrival database;
the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna 202 is used for performing beam forming according to the direction of arrival obtained by the vehicle-mounted station 201 when the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna reaches or is about to reach the position of the next moment, and further estimating the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm after the direction of arrival is used as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information; and then adjusting the beamforming according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
Further, the vehicle-mounted station 201 may also compare the current direction of arrival estimated by the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database; and if the difference value of the two is larger than a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position of the next moment in the direction of arrival database into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna.
Specifically, the method for adjusting the beam of the vehicle-mounted smart antenna by the vehicle-mounted terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention, with a flow as shown in fig. 3, includes:
s301: the vehicle-mounted station 201 calculates the position of the vehicle at the next moment according to the current speed and position of the vehicle.
S302: the vehicle-mounted station 201 obtains a pre-stored direction of arrival corresponding to the position at the next time from the direction of arrival database.
Specifically, the direction of arrival database prestores the direction of arrival corresponding to each position along the vehicle travel route (which may be a position along the base station). The correspondence between the position recorded for the first time in the direction of arrival database and the direction of arrival may be obtained by the existing method of estimating the direction of arrival, for example, based on training and deep joint learning.
S303: when the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 reaches or is about to reach the position of the next moment, beam forming is performed according to the direction of arrival acquired by the vehicle-mounted station.
In this step, when the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 reaches or is about to reach the position of the next time, the beam pointing range is determined according to the direction of arrival obtained by the vehicle-mounted station, and a corresponding beam forming adjustment parameter set is obtained for beam forming.
S304: the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 further estimates the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm after taking the direction of arrival as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information.
In this step, the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 may communicate with the base station to obtain channel state information, and further estimate the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm after taking the direction of arrival as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information. Since the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 uses the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database as the preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, and the obtained direction of arrival usually has little deviation from the actual direction of arrival, the correction algorithm can be converged quickly, and the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 can calculate the current direction of arrival quickly. Therefore, the method has higher convergence speed and higher accuracy when estimating the direction of arrival on the vehicle travelling along the line.
S305: the in-vehicle smart antenna 202 adjusts the beamforming according to the estimated current direction of arrival.
S306: the vehicle-mounted station 201 compares the current direction of arrival estimated by the vehicle-mounted smart antenna 202 with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database, and updates the direction of arrival database according to the comparison result.
In this step, the vehicle-mounted station 201 compares the estimated current direction of arrival with the direction of arrival obtained from the direction of arrival database; if the difference value of the two is larger than a set error threshold value, updating the direction of arrival corresponding to the position of the next moment in the direction of arrival database into the current direction of arrival estimated by the intelligent antenna; so that the stored direction of arrival corresponding to that location in the direction of arrival database is closer to the actual direction of arrival. When the vehicle passes through the position next time, the updated direction of arrival is used as the preliminary direction of arrival estimation information to estimate the direction of arrival, and then a faster estimated convergence speed can be obtained.
The vehicle can be a transportation vehicle such as a high-speed rail, a common rail, a subway, an inter-city express bus, a bus and the like.
According to the technical scheme, when the vehicle arrives or is about to arrive at the position of the next moment, the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna is carried out according to the pre-stored arrival direction corresponding to the position of the next moment; and further using the direction of arrival as preliminary direction of arrival estimation information, further estimating the current direction of arrival by using a correction algorithm, and adjusting the beam forming of the vehicle-mounted intelligent antenna according to the estimated current direction of arrival. Global search estimation is not needed, and only local search estimation within a limited range is utilized, so that the operation amount is greatly reduced, the convergence speed is high, and the estimation precision is high. Therefore, the method has higher convergence speed and higher accuracy when estimating the direction of arrival on the transport vehicle running at high speed along the line.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that various operations, methods, steps in the processes, acts, or solutions discussed in the present application may be alternated, modified, combined, or deleted. Further, various operations, methods, steps in the flows, which have been discussed in the present application, may be interchanged, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or eliminated. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the various operations, methods, procedures disclosed in the prior art and the present invention can also be alternated, changed, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
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| WO2021066406A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Methods and systems for reducing beam search space for selection of an optimal beam |
| WO2021134648A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method and apparatus |
| CN111181662B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2023-12-05 | 西南交通大学 | A device and method for enhancing the reception performance of train-to-ground wireless communication systems |
| CN111342875B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-01-26 | 电子科技大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle communication robust beam forming method based on DoA estimation |
| CN115022888A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-06 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Cell merging processing method, device, network side equipment and storage medium |
| CN116600313B (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2025-07-25 | 电子科技大学 | Beam scanning deep attenuation resisting method for high-speed magnetic levitation train-ground communication system |
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| CN102014084A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-04-13 | 西南交通大学 | Channel estimation and diversity method based on train speed and position in train-ground communication |
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