CN108599201A - A kind of large capacity off-network type micro-capacitance sensor mixing frequency modulation method - Google Patents
A kind of large capacity off-network type micro-capacitance sensor mixing frequency modulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法：将储能配置为电压频率型(VF)储能和功率型(PQ)储能两部分；协调控制器采集系统频率，并通过快速总线与储能通讯；判断系统频率位于何区间，根据不同区间给出控制策略；并通过PQ储能电源转移储能电源出力。本发明的控制方法能够合理分配储能出力，PQ储能电源在正常情况可以用于产生经济效益，在VF储能电源接近满功率运行情况时可以用于维持系统的稳定；并能优化VF储能电源的工作环境，防止因电量异常导致VF电源停止工作；在维持离网微电网系统经济效益的情况下，提高系统的稳定性，适合实际工程应用。
The invention discloses a large-capacity off-grid micro-grid hybrid frequency modulation method: the energy storage is configured into two parts of voltage frequency (VF) energy storage and power type (PQ) energy storage; the coordination controller collects the system frequency, and passes The fast bus communicates with the energy storage; judges which interval the system frequency is in, and gives the control strategy according to different intervals; and transfers the output of the energy storage power supply through the PQ energy storage power supply. The control method of the present invention can reasonably distribute the energy storage output. The PQ energy storage power supply can be used to generate economic benefits under normal conditions, and can be used to maintain the stability of the system when the VF energy storage power supply is close to full power operation; and can optimize the VF storage power supply. The working environment of the power supply can prevent the VF power supply from stopping due to abnormal power supply; while maintaining the economic benefits of the off-grid micro-grid system, it can improve the stability of the system and is suitable for practical engineering applications.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于微电网技术领域，具体涉及一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-grids, and in particular relates to a hybrid frequency regulation method for large-capacity off-grid micro-grids.
背景技术Background technique
大容量离网型微电网往往配置较大容量的储能，需要配置多台储能变流器PCS，故存在多PCS并列运行的情况。若所有PCS均采用VF运行模式，控制参数整定越发困难，越易导致弱阻尼，从而引起多机系统振荡，因此对系统稳定运行存在隐患。同时，离网型微网的控制目标为在确保系统稳定性的前提下提高经济性，而VF储能无法产生直接的经济效益，因此，大容量离网型微电网往往配置一部分储能运行于PQ模式，另一部分运行于VF模式。Large-capacity off-grid microgrids are often equipped with large-capacity energy storage, and multiple energy storage converters PCS need to be configured, so there are cases where multiple PCS operate in parallel. If all PCS adopt the VF operation mode, it will be more difficult to set the control parameters, and it will be easier to cause weak damping, which will cause multi-machine system oscillation, so there are hidden dangers to the stable operation of the system. At the same time, the control goal of the off-grid microgrid is to improve the economy under the premise of ensuring system stability, and VF energy storage cannot produce direct economic benefits. Therefore, large-capacity off-grid microgrids are often equipped with a part of energy PQ mode, the other part runs in VF mode.
上述配置方案的问题是，在投资成本不变的情况下，VF储能电源容量被压缩，在应对一些大的负荷扰动时VF电源出力可能超过额定功率，导致VF电源的控制环节饱和，引起系统电压频率大幅振荡，进而引发PCS的电压频率保护动作，最终导致系统崩溃。同时，若系统投入一个稳定的大负荷，则VF电源长期出力用以给该负荷供电，引起VF电源电量持续下降，最终导致VF电源因电量低而停止工作，系统崩溃。The problem with the above configuration scheme is that when the investment cost remains unchanged, the capacity of the VF energy storage power supply is compressed. When dealing with some large load disturbances, the output of the VF power supply may exceed the rated power, which will cause the control link of the VF power supply to saturate and cause system failure. The voltage frequency oscillates greatly, which in turn triggers the voltage frequency protection action of the PCS, eventually leading to the system crash. At the same time, if the system is put into a stable large load, the VF power supply will be used to supply power to the load for a long time, causing the power of the VF power supply to continue to decline, and eventually the VF power supply will stop working due to low power and the system will crash.
中国专利申请号CN201310346399.4，申请日2013年8月9日，公开号CN103414186A，公开日2013年11月27日，发明名称为一种微网离网模式下基于逆变器的分布式调频方法，本发明公开了一种微网离网模式下利用发电和储能系统逆变器分布式调频方法，当微网处于离网模式时，微网中各个发电系统和储能系统的逆变器的输出功率随系统频率变化而变化，从而保证离网运行的微网系统的频率偏差在可接受的范围内。该发明中储能系统用于系统调频，但是未考虑储能的经济效益。Chinese patent application number CN201310346399.4, application date August 9, 2013, publication number CN103414186A, publication date November 27, 2013, the title of the invention is a distributed frequency modulation method based on inverters in microgrid off-grid mode , the present invention discloses a distributed frequency regulation method using inverters of power generation and energy storage systems in the off-grid mode of the micro-grid. When the micro-grid is in the off-grid mode, the inverters of each power generation system and energy storage system in the micro-grid The output power of the system changes with the system frequency, so as to ensure that the frequency deviation of the off-grid microgrid system is within an acceptable range. In this invention, the energy storage system is used for system frequency regulation, but the economic benefits of energy storage are not considered.
中国专利申请号CN201410608218.5，申请日2014年11月03日，公开号CN104300583B，公开日2016年08月31日，发明名称为一种计及设备调节响应特性的微网频率控制方法了一种计及设备调节响应特性的微网频率控制方法，微网在离网运行过程中，储能蓄电池、柴油发电机、能量管理系统及微网稳定控制装置测量单元同步检测系统频率，并进行判断其偏差是否越限，如果系统频率的偏差超过定值，蓄能电池将进行充/放电，实现微网一次调频，稳定系统频率，能量管理系统将同步监测储能电池的放电时间，当储能电池持续放电时间超出定值，能量管理系统输出功率调节指令给柴油发电机，调整其功率输出，实现微网二次调频，当微网频率偏差持续时间超过定值时，微网稳定控制装置将启动切负荷或风机、柴油发电机逻辑，直到微网频率恢复正常。该发明采用判断放电时间的方法并不合理，因为放电时间并不能代表放电功率，可能导致二次调节设备频繁启动，不利于提高系统的经济性。Chinese patent application number CN201410608218.5, application date November 3, 2014, publication number CN104300583B, publication date August 31, 2016, the name of the invention is a micro-grid frequency control method that takes into account equipment adjustment response characteristics. A microgrid frequency control method that takes into account the equipment adjustment response characteristics. During the off-grid operation of the microgrid, the energy storage battery, diesel generator, energy management system, and microgrid stability control device measurement unit synchronously detect the system frequency, and judge its frequency. Whether the deviation exceeds the limit. If the deviation of the system frequency exceeds a fixed value, the energy storage battery will be charged/discharged to realize the frequency modulation of the microgrid and stabilize the system frequency. The energy management system will synchronously monitor the discharge time of the energy storage battery. When the energy storage battery When the continuous discharge time exceeds the fixed value, the energy management system outputs power adjustment instructions to the diesel generator to adjust its power output to realize the secondary frequency regulation of the micro-grid. When the frequency deviation of the micro-grid lasts longer than the fixed value, the micro-grid stability control device will start Load shedding or fan and diesel generator logic until the frequency of the microgrid returns to normal. It is unreasonable to use the method of judging the discharge time in this invention, because the discharge time cannot represent the discharge power, which may cause the secondary adjustment equipment to start frequently, which is not conducive to improving the economy of the system.
综上所述，需要提出一种新的微网频率控制方法，能够在维持系统稳定性的前提下提高经济效益。To sum up, it is necessary to propose a new microgrid frequency control method that can improve economic benefits while maintaining system stability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的，在于提供一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法，适用于含有大容量储能、光伏以及其他间歇性电源的离网系统，在维持系统稳定性的前提下提高经济效益。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity off-grid micro-grid hybrid frequency regulation method, which is suitable for off-grid systems containing large-capacity energy storage, photovoltaics and other intermittent power sources, and improves economic benefits under the premise of maintaining system stability .
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法，将储能电源配置为电压频率型VF储能电源和功率型PQ储能电源两部分；协调控制器采集系统频率，并与储能电源通讯，判断系统频率位于何区间，根据不同区间给出控制策略；并通过PQ储能电源转移储能电源出力；系统负荷波动小时由VF储能电源调频，PQ储能电源经济运行；当系统负荷波动较大时，PQ储能电源紧急出力，维持系统的频率。In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is: a large-capacity off-grid micro-grid hybrid frequency modulation method, the energy storage power supply is configured into two parts of the voltage frequency type VF energy storage power supply and the power type PQ energy storage power supply; coordinated control The device collects the system frequency, communicates with the energy storage power supply, judges which interval the system frequency is in, and gives a control strategy according to different intervals; and transfers the output of the energy storage power supply through the PQ energy storage power supply; when the system load fluctuates, the frequency is adjusted by the VF energy storage power supply, The PQ energy storage power supply operates economically; when the system load fluctuates greatly, the PQ energy storage power supply provides emergency power to maintain the system frequency.
进一步地，VF储能电源出力后经过设定延时，计算设定时间内的VF储能电源出力平均值，并据此调节PQ储能电源出力。Further, after the output of the VF energy storage power supply, after a set delay, the average value of the output of the VF energy storage power supply within the set time is calculated, and the output of the PQ energy storage power supply is adjusted accordingly.
进一步地，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：Further, the method specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1：协调控制器采集系统频率，并与储能通讯；Step 1: Coordinate the controller to collect the system frequency and communicate with the energy storage;
步骤2：判断系统频率，当系统频率在(fliml，flimh)之外时，切机切负荷；否则，进入步骤3；其中，fliml表示系统频率的下极限，flimh表示系统频率的上极限；Step 2: Judging the system frequency, when the system frequency is outside (f liml , f limh ), cut off the machine and load; otherwise, go to step 3; where, f liml represents the lower limit of the system frequency, and f limh represents the lower limit of the system frequency upper limit;
步骤3：当系统频率在(fdbl，fdbh)之外时，VF储能电源出力调节系统的频率；若VF储能电源的充放电功率超过kPvfN，PQ储能电源增发出力ΔPpq，参与系统频率的调节；其中，fdbl表示死区下限频率，fdbh表示死区上限频率，k表示比例系数，取值区间为(0，1)，PvfN表示VF储能电源的额定功率。Step 3: When the system frequency is outside (f dbl , f dbh ), the VF energy storage power supply adjusts the system frequency; if the charging and discharging power of the VF energy storage power supply exceeds kP vfN , the PQ energy storage power supply increases the power ΔP pq , Participate in the adjustment of the system frequency; where, f dbl represents the lower limit frequency of the dead zone, f dbh represents the upper limit frequency of the dead zone, k represents the proportional coefficient, and the value range is (0, 1), and P vfN represents the rated power of the VF energy storage power supply.
进一步地，所述方法还包括，步骤4：VF储能电源出力后经过T2延时，计算T2时间内的补偿功率Ppqcomp，并据此调节PQ储能电源出力。Further, the method further includes step 4: after a T2 delay after the output of the VF energy storage power supply, calculate the compensation power P pqcomp within T2 , and adjust the output of the PQ energy storage power supply accordingly.
进一步地，所述协调控制器通过快速总线与储能通讯。Further, the coordination controller communicates with the energy storage through a fast bus.
进一步地，所述快速总线包括GOOSE、CAN总线。Further, the fast bus includes GOOSE and CAN bus.
进一步地，所述步骤1中协调控制器根据储能容量大小配置一台或者两台；若储能容量较大，建议配置两台；配置两台的情况下，一台用于协调控制VF储能电源，另一台用于协调控制PQ储能电源。Further, in step 1, one or two coordination controllers are configured according to the energy storage capacity; if the energy storage capacity is relatively large, it is recommended to configure two; in the case of two configurations, one is used to coordinate and control the VF storage energy power supply, and the other is used to coordinate and control the PQ energy storage power supply.
进一步地，所述步骤3中PQ储能电源增发出力ΔPpq参照下式计算：Further, in the step 3, the additional power ΔP pq of the PQ energy storage power supply is calculated with reference to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
PpqN为PQ储能电源的额定功率，k1为调频系数，取值区间为(0，1)；P pqN is the rated power of the PQ energy storage power supply, k 1 is the frequency modulation coefficient, and the value interval is (0, 1);
所述步骤3中PQ储能电源的最终出力Ppqfinal参照下式计算：The final output P pqfinal of the PQ energy storage power supply in the step 3 is calculated with reference to the following formula:
Ppqfinal＝ΔPpq+Ppqout P pqfinal = ΔP pq +P pqout
其中，Ppqout为PQ储能电源当前的输出功率；所述步骤3中储能输出功率为正表示放电，为负表示充电。Wherein, P pqout is the current output power of the PQ energy storage power supply; in the step 3, if the output power of the energy storage is positive, it means discharging, and if it is negative, it means charging.
进一步地，所述步骤4中T2时间内的补偿功率Ppqcomp为T2时间内VF储能电源出力平均值，参照下式计算：Further, the compensation power Ppqcomp within T2 in the step 4 is the average value of the output of the VF energy storage power supply within T2 , calculated with reference to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
Pvfout为VF储能电源的瞬时功率；N为协调控制器在T2时间内的计算次数，满足：P vfout is the instantaneous power of the VF energy storage power supply; N is the number of calculations of the coordination controller within the T 2 time, which satisfies:
N＝T2/tickN=T 2 /tick
式中，tick表示协调控制器计算的时间间隔；In the formula, tick represents the time interval calculated by the coordination controller;
所述步骤4中PQ储能电源的最终出力Ppqfinal参照下式计算：The final output P pqfinal of the PQ energy storage power supply in the step 4 is calculated with reference to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
P1、P2分别为T2时间内VF储能电源允许的平均功率下限和上限。P 1 and P 2 are the lower limit and upper limit of the average power allowed by the VF energy storage power supply within the time T 2 respectively.
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the closest prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
将电池系统分为VF储能电源和PQ储能电源，系统负荷波动小时由VF储能电源调频，PQ储能电源经济运行。当系统负荷波动较大时，PQ储能电源紧急出力，维持系统的频率；进一步地，为了提高PQ储能电源的出力响应速度，提出了采用快速总线的方式，将通信延时限制在毫秒级。并采用平均功率补偿方式，转移VF源的出力，维持VF源的电量。本发明适用于大型离网型微网，能够在维持系统稳定性的前提下提高经济效益，适合实际工程应用。The battery system is divided into VF energy storage power supply and PQ energy storage power supply. When the system load fluctuates, the VF energy storage power supply is frequency-regulated, and the PQ energy storage power supply is economically operated. When the system load fluctuates greatly, the PQ energy storage power supply will output urgently to maintain the system frequency; further, in order to improve the output response speed of the PQ energy storage power supply, a fast bus method is proposed to limit the communication delay to milliseconds . And the average power compensation method is adopted to transfer the output of the VF source and maintain the power of the VF source. The invention is suitable for large-scale off-grid microgrids, can improve economic benefits under the premise of maintaining system stability, and is suitable for practical engineering applications.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法的流程图。Figure 1 is a flow chart of a hybrid frequency regulation method for a large-capacity off-grid microgrid.
图2是混合调频系统通信构架。Figure 2 is the communication architecture of the hybrid FM system.
图3是混合调频原理图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of hybrid frequency modulation.
图4是不同负荷波动下的调频特性。Figure 4 is the frequency modulation characteristics under different load fluctuations.
图5为PQ储能电源转移VF储能电源功率原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power transferred by the PQ energy storage power supply to the VF energy storage power supply.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明公开了一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法，将储能电源配置为电压频率型VF储能电源和功率型PQ储能电源两部分；协调控制器采集系统频率，并与储能电源通讯，判断系统频率位于何区间，根据不同区间给出控制策略；并通过PQ储能电源转移储能电源出力；系统负荷波动小时由VF储能电源调频，PQ储能电源经济运行；当系统负荷波动较大时，PQ储能电源紧急出力，维持系统的频率。VF储能电源出力后经过设定延时，计算设定时间内的VF储能电源出力平均值，并据此调节PQ储能电源出力。所述协调控制器通过快速总线与储能通讯。所述快速总线包括GOOSE、CAN总线。所述步骤1中协调控制器根据储能容量大小配置一台或者两台；若储能容量较大，建议配置两台；配置两台的情况下，一台用于协调控制VF储能电源，另一台用于协调控制PQ储能电源。The invention discloses a large-capacity off-grid micro-grid hybrid frequency modulation method. The energy storage power supply is configured into two parts: a voltage frequency type VF energy storage power supply and a power type PQ energy storage power supply; a coordination controller collects the system frequency and communicates with the storage Energy and power supply communication, judge the system frequency in which interval, and give control strategies according to different intervals; and transfer the energy storage power output through the PQ energy storage power supply; when the system load fluctuates, the frequency is adjusted by the VF energy storage power supply, and the PQ energy storage power supply operates economically; When the system load fluctuates greatly, the PQ energy storage power supply will provide emergency power to maintain the system frequency. After the output of the VF energy storage power supply, after a set delay, the average value of the output of the VF energy storage power supply within the set time is calculated, and the output of the PQ energy storage power supply is adjusted accordingly. The coordination controller communicates with the energy storage through a fast bus. The fast bus includes GOOSE and CAN bus. In step 1, configure one or two coordination controllers according to the energy storage capacity; if the energy storage capacity is large, it is recommended to configure two; in the case of two configurations, one is used to coordinate and control the VF energy storage power supply, The other is used to coordinate and control the PQ energy storage power supply.
本发明公开的一种大容量离网型微电网混合调频方法的实施例如图1所示，具体为：An embodiment of a large-capacity off-grid micro-grid hybrid frequency modulation method disclosed by the present invention is shown in Figure 1, specifically:
(1)协调控制器采集系统频率，并通过快速总线与储能通讯；其中，协调控制器可以根据实际情况配置一台或者两台，若储能容量较大，建议配置两台，一台用于协调控制VF储能电源，另一台用于协调控制PQ储能电源；为了提高PQ储能电源的相应速度，需要采用快速总线方式，可以采用GOOSE或者CAN技术，通信结构如图2所示。(1) The coordination controller collects the system frequency and communicates with the energy storage through the fast bus; Among them, the coordination controller can be configured with one or two according to the actual situation. If the energy storage capacity is large, it is recommended to configure two It is used to coordinate and control the VF energy storage power supply, and the other is used to coordinate and control the PQ energy storage power supply; in order to improve the corresponding speed of the PQ energy storage power supply, it is necessary to adopt a fast bus method, which can use GOOSE or CAN technology. The communication structure is shown in Figure 2 .
(2)判断系统频率，当系统频率在(fliml，flimh)之外时，切机切负荷；否则，进入步骤3；其中，fliml表示系统频率的下极限，flimh表示系统频率的上极限。(2) Judging the system frequency, when the system frequency is outside (f liml , f limh ), cut off the machine and load; otherwise, go to step 3; where, f liml represents the lower limit of the system frequency, and f limh represents the lower limit of the system frequency upper limit.
(3)当系统频率在(fdbl，fdbh)之外时，VF储能电源出力调节系统的频率；若VF储能电源的充放电功率超过kPvfN，PQ储能电源增发出力ΔPpq，参与系统频率的调节；其中，fdbl表示死区下限频率，fdbh表示死区上限频率，k表示比例系数，取值区间为(0，1)，PvfN表示VF储能电源的额定功率，原理如图3所示。(3) When the system frequency is outside (f dbl , f dbh ), the VF energy storage power supply adjusts the system frequency; if the charge and discharge power of the VF energy storage power supply exceeds kP vfN , the PQ energy storage power supply increases the power ΔP pq , Participate in the adjustment of the system frequency; where, f dbl represents the lower limit frequency of the dead zone, f dbh represents the upper limit frequency of the dead zone, k represents the proportional coefficient, and the value range is (0, 1), P vfN represents the rated power of the VF energy storage power supply, The principle is shown in Figure 3.
其中，PQ储能电源增发出力ΔPpq参照下式计算：Among them, the additional output force of PQ energy storage power supply ΔP pq is calculated by referring to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
PpqN为PQ储能电源的额定功率，k1为调频系数，取值区间为(0，1)；P pqN is the rated power of the PQ energy storage power supply, k 1 is the frequency modulation coefficient, and the value range is (0, 1);
本步骤中PQ储能电源的最终出力Ppqfinal参照下式计算：In this step, the final output P pqfinal of the PQ energy storage power supply is calculated with reference to the following formula:
Ppqfinal＝ΔPpq+Ppqout P pqfinal = ΔP pq +P pqout
式中，储能输出功率为正表示放电，为负表示充电。In the formula, the energy storage output power is positive for discharge, and negative for charging.
不同负荷下的调频特性如图4所示，小负荷波动时，PQ储能电源按照经济运行；大负荷波动时，PQ储能电源快速参与调频，维持系统频率。The frequency modulation characteristics under different loads are shown in Figure 4. When the small load fluctuates, the PQ energy storage power supply operates economically; when the heavy load fluctuates, the PQ energy storage power supply quickly participates in frequency modulation to maintain the system frequency.
(4)VF储能电源出力后经过T2延时，计算T2时间内的补偿功率Ppqcomp，并控制PQ储能电源出力，原理如图5所示。(4) After the output of the VF energy storage power supply, after T2 delay, the compensation power P pqcomp within T2 is calculated, and the output of the PQ energy storage power supply is controlled. The principle is shown in Figure 5.
其中T2时间内的补偿功率Ppqcomp为T2时间内VF储能电源出力平均值，参照下式计算：Among them, the compensation power P pqcomp within T2 is the average value of the VF energy storage power output within T2 , which is calculated by referring to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
Pvfout为VF储能电源的瞬时功率；N为协调控制器在T2时间内的计算次数，满足：P vfout is the instantaneous power of the VF energy storage power supply; N is the number of calculations of the coordination controller within the T 2 time, which satisfies:
N＝T2/tickN=T 2 /tick
式中，tick表示协调控制器计算的时间间隔；In the formula, tick represents the time interval calculated by the coordination controller;
本步骤PQ储能电源的最终出力Ppqfinal参照下式计算：The final output P pqfinal of the PQ energy storage power supply in this step is calculated with reference to the following formula:
式中，In the formula,
P1、P2分别为T2时间内VF储能电源允许的平均功率下限和上限。P 1 and P 2 are the lower limit and upper limit of the average power allowed by the VF energy storage power supply within the time T 2 respectively.
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and can not limit the protection scope of the present invention with this. All technical ideas proposed in accordance with the present invention, any changes made on the basis of technical solutions, all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.
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