CN108565035A - A kind of radwaste bucket having self-supporting power - Google Patents
A kind of radwaste bucket having self-supporting power Download PDFInfo
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- CN108565035A CN108565035A CN201810286159.2A CN201810286159A CN108565035A CN 108565035 A CN108565035 A CN 108565035A CN 201810286159 A CN201810286159 A CN 201810286159A CN 108565035 A CN108565035 A CN 108565035A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005680 Thomson effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/002—Containers for fluid radioactive wastes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于核电技术领域，具体地，涉及一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶。The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and in particular relates to a radioactive waste barrel with a self-supporting power supply.
背景技术Background technique
核电在给人们带来巨大经济利益的同时，其在工作过程中产生的工艺性废物浓缩铀、淤泥、废弃水饱和树脂，维修和检修技术过程中产生的大量的吸水纸、湿抹布、塑料布、棉制品、废木头、建筑垃圾和金属品废弃物等，都具有一定的放射性。在对这些放射性物质进行处理时，需要先暂存在放射性废物桶内或者需要置于放射性废物桶内转运，而在暂存于放射性废物桶的过程中，这些放射性物质仍在不断将自身能量辐射至外界，一方面这些辐射能在其衰减期内未得到相应遏制或吸收，将对周边造成放射性影响，另一方面辐射能本身作为一种资源被浪费掉了。While nuclear power brings huge economic benefits to people, the technological wastes produced during the working process, such as enriched uranium, sludge, and waste water-saturated resins, and a large amount of absorbent paper, wet rags, and plastic sheets produced during the maintenance and overhaul process , cotton products, waste wood, construction waste and metal waste, etc., all have certain radioactivity. When processing these radioactive materials, they need to be temporarily stored in radioactive waste barrels or need to be transported in radioactive waste barrels. During the process of being temporarily stored in radioactive waste barrels, these radioactive substances are still radiating their energy to In the outside world, on the one hand, the radiation energy has not been contained or absorbed during its decay period, which will cause radioactive impact on the surrounding area; on the other hand, the radiation energy itself is wasted as a resource.
最重要的是：放射性废物桶中的废弃物往往要实行实时无线监控，以防止被偷、被盗或给恐怖分子利用而造成不可预见的可怕后果，而放射性废物桶通常是装满放射性废弃物后放置于人烟稀少的偏远地区，这样一来其远离了电源，如要实现实时无线监控必须从外面拉接电源，这将耗费巨大的成本。The most important thing is: the waste in the radioactive waste barrels is often subject to real-time wireless monitoring to prevent unforeseen and terrible consequences from being stolen, stolen or used by terrorists, and the radioactive waste barrels are usually filled with radioactive waste Finally, it is placed in a sparsely populated remote area, so that it is far away from the power supply. To achieve real-time wireless monitoring, it must be connected to the power supply from the outside, which will consume huge costs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶，其可自给电能，为监控系统源源不断独立“永久性”提供电能，大大节约对放射性废物监控的成本。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a radioactive waste barrel with a self-sufficient power supply, which can self-supply electric energy, provide electric energy for the monitoring system independently and "permanently", and greatly save the cost of radioactive waste monitoring .
本发明的技术方案是：一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶，其包括：金属外壳，金属外壳内设有用于盛放放射源的容纳桶，容纳桶中填充有放射性废物；容纳桶采用绝热材料制成；容纳桶内壁上连接有用于将放射性废物的放射能转变为热能的挡板，挡板与容纳桶内壁之间填充有温差材料，温差材料与金属外壳之间通过第一金属导线接通，温差材料中还设有第二金属导线，第二金属导线的另一端伸出至金属外壳外部，金属外壳本身连接有一根伸出至金属外壳外部的第三金属导线。The technical solution of the present invention is: a radioactive waste barrel with a self-sufficient power supply, which includes: a metal casing, a containing barrel for containing radioactive sources is arranged inside the metal casing, and the containing barrel is filled with radioactive waste; the containing barrel is made of heat insulating material Made; the inner wall of the storage barrel is connected with a baffle for converting the radiant energy of radioactive waste into heat energy, the temperature difference material is filled between the baffle and the inner wall of the storage barrel, and the temperature difference material and the metal shell are connected through the first metal wire , the temperature difference material is also provided with a second metal wire, the other end of the second metal wire extends out of the metal casing, and the metal casing itself is connected with a third metal wire extending out of the metal casing.
本发明进一步的技术方案是：容纳桶包括桶体和封盖，封盖用于封闭桶体。The further technical solution of the present invention is: the containing barrel includes a barrel body and a cover, and the cover is used to close the barrel body.
本发明更进一步的技术方案是：挡板为铝制材料挡板。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the baffle is made of aluminum material.
本发明更进一步的技术方案是：温差材料为基于塞贝克效应、汤姆逊效应、傅里叶效应及帕尔贴效应的半导体热电材料。A further technical solution of the present invention is that the temperature difference material is a semiconductor thermoelectric material based on Seebeck effect, Thomson effect, Fourier effect and Peltier effect.
本发明再进一步的技术方案是：温差材料为碲化铋。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the temperature difference material is bismuth telluride.
本发明还进一步的技术方案是：温差材料的形状为圆柱片状。A further technical proposal of the present invention is: the shape of the temperature difference material is a cylindrical sheet.
本发明进一步的技术方案是：温差材料的连接方式为串联、并联或串并联结合中的任意一种。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the temperature difference material is connected in any one of series, parallel or series-parallel combination.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下特点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:
1.以温差材料、挡板结合作为热源；金属外壳作为冷源，结合第一金属金属导线、第二金属导线和第三金属导线的设置方式，将温差材料和金属外壳之间导通产生电压，使本发明的放射性废物桶具有“供电电池”的功能，其中温差材料作为电池正极、金属外壳作为电池负极，可为放射性废物桶本身需配备的监控系统提供工作电源，形成自给电能的形式，大大降低放射性废物桶的监控成本。1. The temperature difference material and the baffle are combined as the heat source; the metal shell is used as the cold source, combined with the setting method of the first metal metal wire, the second metal wire and the third metal wire, the conduction between the temperature difference material and the metal shell is generated to generate a voltage , so that the radioactive waste barrel of the present invention has the function of "power supply battery", wherein the temperature difference material is used as the positive pole of the battery, and the metal shell is used as the negative pole of the battery, which can provide working power for the monitoring system that the radioactive waste barrel itself needs to be equipped with, forming a form of self-sufficient electric energy, Greatly reduce the cost of monitoring radioactive waste barrels.
2.将其它负载（相关电子设备）接于第二金属导线和第三金属导线之间，作为“供电电池”的放射性废物桶也可实时进行供电，快速实现辐射能到电能的转换。2. Connect other loads (related electronic equipment) between the second metal wire and the third metal wire, and the radioactive waste barrel as a "power supply battery" can also provide power in real time, quickly realizing the conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy.
3.即时将放射性废物衰减的辐射能转换为电能，一方面做到了资源的充分利用，另一方面可使这些放射性废物（工业废料、辅料等）的核能量衰减至可安全排放的程度，有效实现生态保护的目的。3. Immediately convert the attenuated radiation energy of radioactive waste into electrical energy. On the one hand, the resources are fully utilized. On the other hand, the nuclear energy of these radioactive wastes (industrial waste, auxiliary materials, etc.) can be attenuated to a safe discharge level, effectively To achieve the purpose of ecological protection.
4.具有封盖的容纳桶，便于置物取物，可根据放射源的衰减周期对封盖进行开启并重新放入新的放射源的操作，使放射性废物桶可持续利用。4. The containment barrel with a cover is convenient for storage and retrieval. The cover can be opened according to the attenuation period of the radioactive source and a new radioactive source can be put in again, so that the radioactive waste barrel can be used continuously.
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的详细结构作进一步描述。The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为所述一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶的简要结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the brief structural representation of described a kind of radioactive waste barrel with self-sufficient power supply;
图2为所述一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶内的布线结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wiring structure in the radioactive waste barrel with self-sufficient power supply.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例Example
一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶，其配套设置有实时监控系统，如图1所示，其包括金属外壳1，金属外壳1内具有盛放放射性废物的容纳桶2，容纳桶2采用绝热材料制成，容纳桶2内壁上连接有用于将放射性废物的放射能转变为热能的挡板3，挡板3与容纳桶2内壁之间填充有温差材料4，如图2所示，温差材料4与金属外壳1之间通过第一金属导线51接通，温差材料4中还设有第二金属导线52，第二金属导线52的另一端伸出至金属外壳1外部，金属外壳1本身连接有一根伸出至金属外壳外部的第三金属导线53。A kind of radioactive waste barrel with self-sufficient power supply, which is equipped with a real-time monitoring system, as shown in Figure 1, it includes a metal shell 1, the metal shell 1 has a containment barrel 2 for containing radioactive waste, and the containment barrel 2 is made of heat insulating material Made, the inner wall of the storage barrel 2 is connected with a baffle 3 for converting the radiant energy of radioactive waste into heat energy, and the temperature difference material 4 is filled between the baffle 3 and the inner wall of the storage barrel 2, as shown in Figure 2, the temperature difference material 4 It is connected with the metal shell 1 through the first metal wire 51. The temperature difference material 4 is also provided with a second metal wire 52. The other end of the second metal wire 52 extends out of the metal shell 1. The metal shell 1 itself is connected to a A third metal wire 53 protruding to the outside of the metal casing.
本发明一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶通过上述结构设置可即时将放射性废物的辐射能转换成电能，放射性废物桶自身相当于一个供电电池，其中第二金属导线52伸出至金属外壳1外部的端部作为供电电池正极端，伸出至金属外壳外部的第三金属导线53端部作为供电电池负极端。A radioactive waste barrel with a self-sufficient power supply of the present invention can instantly convert the radiant energy of radioactive waste into electrical energy through the above-mentioned structural arrangement, and the radioactive waste barrel itself is equivalent to a power supply battery, wherein the second metal wire 52 protrudes to the outside of the metal casing 1 The end of the third metal wire 53 extending out of the metal shell is used as the negative terminal of the power supply battery.
作为“供电电池”的放射性废物桶可实时为与其配套的实时监控系统提供工作电源，形成自供电的形式，大大降低放射性废物桶的监控成本。As a "power supply battery", the radioactive waste barrel can provide working power for the matching real-time monitoring system in real time, forming a form of self-power supply, which greatly reduces the monitoring cost of the radioactive waste barrel.
当然放射性废物桶也可作为其它相关电子设备的供电电源，只需将相关电子设备接入第二金属导线和第三金属导线之间即可。Of course, the radioactive waste barrel can also be used as a power supply for other relevant electronic equipment, and only the relevant electronic equipment needs to be connected between the second metal wire and the third metal wire.
具体地，绝热材料制成的容纳桶2将放射性废物的辐射能局限在金属外壳1内，放射性废物放出衰变热加热挡板3，即通过挡板3将辐射能转换为热能。Specifically, the holding barrel 2 made of heat insulating material confines the radiant energy of radioactive waste in the metal casing 1 , and the radioactive waste emits decay heat to heat the baffle 3 , that is, the radiant energy is converted into heat energy through the baffle 3 .
温差材料4紧靠挡板3作为“供电电池”的热源，金属外壳1作为冷源，“供电电池”即为温差电池，其在热量从温度高的温差材料4一端通过第一金属导线51运输至温度低的金属外壳1一端的同时，使温差材料4和金属外壳1上产生电压（热电转换），而温差材料4作为电池正极、金属外壳1作为负极，两者组成了“供电电池”的两端。The temperature difference material 4 is close to the baffle plate 3 as the heat source of the "power supply battery", and the metal casing 1 is used as the cold source. The "power supply battery" is the temperature difference battery, and its heat is transported from the end of the high temperature temperature difference material 4 through the first metal wire 51 While reaching the end of the metal case 1 with low temperature, a voltage is generated on the temperature difference material 4 and the metal case 1 (thermoelectric conversion), and the temperature difference material 4 is used as the positive electrode of the battery, and the metal case 1 is used as the negative electrode. The two constitute the "power supply battery". ends.
第一金属导线51、第二金属导线52和第三金属导线53在温差材料4和金属外壳1之间的中间位置需垂直布线，使线型走向规整美观，同时也利于后期维护。The first metal wire 51, the second metal wire 52, and the third metal wire 53 need to be vertically wired in the middle between the temperature difference material 4 and the metal casing 1, so that the line shape is regular and beautiful, and it is also convenient for later maintenance.
第二金属导线52和第三金属导线53采用同一种金属材料（其中第一金属导线、第二金属导线和第三金属导线各自采用的金属材料只要是能导电的金属材料均可，无特定材料限制）。The second metal wire 52 and the third metal wire 53 adopt the same metal material (wherein the metal material that the first metal wire, the second metal wire and the third metal wire adopts can be any metal material that can conduct electricity, no specific material) limit).
为实现容纳桶2便于置物取物的功能，容纳桶2设计为包括桶体21和封盖22，封盖22用于封闭桶体21（当然金属外壳也具有相应的活动开口用于对封盖进行打开和封闭的操作），可根据放射源的衰减周期对封盖22进行开启并重新放入新的放射性废物的操作，使放射性废物桶可持续利用。In order to realize the function of the storage barrel 2 to facilitate storage and retrieval, the storage barrel 2 is designed to include a barrel body 21 and a cover 22, and the cover 22 is used to close the barrel body 21 (of course, the metal shell also has a corresponding movable opening for closing the cover. open and close), the cover 22 can be opened according to the decay period of the radioactive source and put into new radioactive waste again, so that the radioactive waste barrel can be used sustainably.
本实施例中挡板3采用导热系数较高的铝制材料制作，其相对于铁等常规金属来说，导热效率高出几倍，最契合本发明放射性废物桶作为“供电电池”的工作状态。In this embodiment, the baffle plate 3 is made of aluminum material with high thermal conductivity. Compared with conventional metals such as iron, its thermal conductivity is several times higher, and it is most suitable for the working state of the radioactive waste barrel of the present invention as a "power supply battery". .
温差材料4（即热电转换材料）特性一般要求内阻较低以减少内部电流产生的损耗（发热）、较低的导热系数（热导率）以减少从高温端向低温端的热传导、较高的热电动势（开路），优选为基于塞贝克效应、汤姆逊效应、傅里叶效应及帕尔贴效应的热电优值好的半导体热电材料，本实施例中温差材料采用呈圆柱片形状碲化铋。The characteristics of the temperature difference material 4 (that is, the thermoelectric conversion material) generally require low internal resistance to reduce the loss (heat generation) generated by the internal current, low thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity) to reduce heat conduction from the high temperature end to the low temperature end, and high Thermoelectromotive force (open circuit), preferably semiconductor thermoelectric material based on Seebeck effect, Thomson effect, Fourier effect and Peltier effect, with good thermoelectric value of merit. In this embodiment, the temperature difference material is bismuth telluride in the shape of a cylindrical sheet .
具体地，碲化铋温差材料的连接方式为串联、并联或串并联结合中的任意一种。Specifically, the bismuth telluride temperature difference material is connected in any one of series, parallel or a combination of series and parallel.
本发明一种具备自给电源的放射性废物桶自给电的工作原理为：容纳桶2内的放射性废物放出衰变热，加热铝制材料挡板3，碲化铋温差材料4紧靠铝制材料挡板3作为热源，金属外壳1作为冷源，进行热电转换，将所有温差材料正负极连接后接入实时监控系统形成电流，即实现辐射能到电能的转换，实时监控系统即可实现实时监控，确保放射性废物的安全。The working principle of the radioactive waste barrel with self-sufficient power supply in the present invention is as follows: the radioactive waste in the storage barrel 2 emits decay heat, heats the aluminum material baffle 3, and the bismuth telluride temperature difference material 4 is close to the aluminum material baffle 3 is used as a heat source, and the metal shell 1 is used as a cold source to perform thermoelectric conversion. After connecting the positive and negative electrodes of all temperature difference materials, they are connected to the real-time monitoring system to form a current, that is, the conversion of radiant energy to electrical energy is realized. The real-time monitoring system can realize real-time monitoring. Ensuring the safety of radioactive waste.
本发明不局限于上述的具体结构或连接方式，只要是具有与本发明基本相同结构或连接方式的放射性废物桶就落在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific structure or connection method, as long as it is a radioactive waste barrel with basically the same structure or connection method as the present invention, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
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