CN108485320B - Clean coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a color clean coating for different substrates such as metals, ceramics and glass. Specifically, an appropriate amount of nano-titanium dioxide is added to a mixture of water and ethanol and stirred for 30 to 60 minutes, and then a certain amount of A certain color of plastic powder is stirred for 30min~60min, and then a certain amount of silica-based sol is added and stirred for 10min~30min. (Silicon-based sol is a stable colloid prepared from ionized water, ammonia water, absolute ethanol, ethyl orthosilicate and hexamethyldisilazane). The prepared mixture is coated on the substrate, and annealed at a certain temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain a clean coating. The type of plastic powder used in combination with the coating can be adjusted to different colors. The invention disclosed in the invention is suitable for the preparation of clean coatings for different substrates such as metals, ceramics, glass, etc. The process is simple, the cost is low, pollution-free, easy to operate, the combination of the coating and the substrate is firm, the color of the coating can be adjusted, and the coating has excellent properties. Clean performance.

Description

A kind of clean coating and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a color clean coating, in particular to a preparation method of a clean coating suitable for various colors and various substrates.

Background technique

In recent years, researchers have studied the hydrophobic properties of some animals and plants such as lotus leaves, water striders, and roses. It has been found that two factors are required to achieve superhydrophobicity. The first surface has a rough structure and the second low surface energy. Therefore, the study of superhydrophobic surfaces has become a hot topic. Superhydrophobic coatings can be used in many fields, such as self-cleaning, anti-ice and snow, drag reduction, oil-water separation, anti-corrosion and other fields.

Building exterior walls and guardrails are usually polluted by the external environment such as dust and suspended particles, which not only affects the appearance of buildings and guardrails, but also damages exterior wall coatings and guardrails through physical and chemical effects. Surface, reducing the use efficiency of exterior wall coatings and guardrail coatings, and increasing maintenance costs, so coatings with superhydrophobic self-cleaning have received a lot of attention.

In terms of anti-ice and snow, it can be applied to high-voltage transmission lines, navigation, television communications, etc. When the cold winter comes, the ice and snow can easily hinder the normal transmission of electricity, and also bring potential harm to the flight safety of the aircraft, and also greatly weaken the TV signal and the phenomenon of interruption of the signal. The super-hydrophobic coating reduces the adhesion of ice and snow to prevent ice disasters, and effectively avoids the impact of ice and snow on power transmission, navigation, and television communications and on signal transmission.

In terms of drag reduction, it can be applied to ocean freighter transportation and so on. Since there is a certain resistance between ocean ships and seawater in the process of transporting cargo and sailing, the superhydrophobic surface can reduce the motion resistance of ocean ships during sailing, and can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the hull. In the process of ship transportation, the superhydrophobic surface not only reduces the resistance but also improves the sailing speed of the ship, effectively saving fuel and energy and reducing energy loss.

Based on the wide application of superhydrophobicity, it is currently a common method to prepare a rough surface and then reduce its surface energy. Qu Ailan et al. constructed the heterogeneous phase structure of the Cassie model by preparing SiO ₂ particles of different shapes and particle sizes, and then obtained a superhydrophobic film with a biomimetic "lotus leaf effect" by using fluorosilane. The superhydrophobicity of the coating film. The static contact angle of water was measured to reach (174.2±2)°. Guo Zhiguang et al. used a combination of sol-gel method and self-assembly technology to prepare a film with a certain surface roughness on the surface of a silicon wafer, and then chemically modified with perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane to prepare a superhydrophobic film. For the film, the contact angle between the water droplet and the film surface is 155° to 157°. However, superhydrophobic coatings have high cost, are not environmentally friendly, have weak adhesion to substrates, are not suitable for large-scale applications, and fluorine-containing drugs that reduce surface energy are harmful to humans. It is currently a hot research direction to focus on superhydrophobic clean coatings with simple preparation methods, low preparation costs, suitable for large-scale applications, strong adhesion to substrates, environment-friendly, fluorine-free, and suitable for large-scale applications. The present invention is devoted to preparing a superhydrophobic coating with simple preparation method, low cost, environmental friendliness, good bonding force with the substrate, no fluorine and suitable for large-scale application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high cost, unfriendly environment, weak bonding force with the substrate, fluorine-containing and unsuitable for large-scale application of the existing clean coating, and provides a simple process, low cost, no pollution, The invention is easy to operate, the combination of the coating and the substrate is firm, and the preparation method of the clean coating with adjustable coating color.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A clean coating, the static contact angle of water on the surface of the clean coating is greater than 150°, and the clean coating is a color coating. It is further preferred that the static contact angle of water on the surface of the clean coating is 155°. The clean coating of the invention has a good non-wetting effect on copper sulfate solution, soybean milk, methyl orange solution, coffee solution, black ink, rose red B solution and the like.

The raw materials of the coating include titanium dioxide, plastic powder and silicon-based sol; the mass ratio of the titanium dioxide to the plastic powder and the silicon-based sol is 1-12:28-36:30-60; The raw materials are all dissolved in a solvent, and the solvent is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanol is 1:2-6.

The plastic powder is a carboxyl polyester resin with color. The addition of plastic powder, on the one hand, adjusts the color of the coating and increases the film-forming property of the coating, but its addition will affect the microstructure of silica on the surface of the coating, and even be covered by plastic powder, losing the surface of the low surface energy material. , thereby losing the hydrophobic effect. Only by reasonably controlling the blending form (such as stirring, grinding and ball milling, etc.) and mixing time of plastic powder and silica-based sol, can the film-forming property and hydrophobic effect be effectively guaranteed.

The components of the silicon-based sol include deionized water, ammonia water, absolute ethanol, ethyl orthosilicate, and hexamethyldisilazane, wherein deionized water, ammonia water, absolute ethanol, ethyl orthosilicate The mass ratio of hexamethyldisilazane is 0.5~20:150~250:300~450:15~36:5~20.

It is further preferred that the components of the silicon-based sol include deionized water, ammonia water, anhydrous ethanol, ethyl orthosilicate, and hexamethyldisilazane, wherein deionized water, ammonia water, anhydrous ethanol, ortho-silicon The mass ratio of ethyl acetate and hexamethyldisilazane was 2:180:395:19:16.

The silicon-based sol of the present invention forms high-roughness silica microspheres and hydrophobic groups with a particle size of 20-35 nm in the clean coating, thereby ensuring that the surface of the clean coating has a nano-level surface to a large extent. Roughness, low surface energy materials and hydrophobic groups lay the physical and chemical foundation for the coating's self-cleaning properties.

The technical scheme of the present invention also provides a preparation method of a clean coating, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Add titanium dioxide into the solvent and stir evenly, then add plastic powder and stir for 45-75min; then add silicon-based sol and continue stirring to obtain a uniform solution;

Step 2: Coat the uniform solution obtained in Step 1 on a substrate (the substrate includes metal, ceramic, or glass.) annealing at 120°C to 240°C for 10-25 minutes to obtain a clean coating.

The plastic powders are of different colors, including blue, black, gray, white, orange, etc.; the resins with colors include blue carboxyl polyester resin, black carboxyl polyester resin, and gray carboxyl polyester resin. Ester resin, white carboxyl polyester resin, orange carboxyl polyester resin. The addition of plastic powder on the one hand adjusts the color of the coating, and on the other hand promotes the film formation of silica-based sol on various substrates.

According to the technical solution of the present invention, the clean coating can be applied to guardrails, building exterior walls, or indoor tiles.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the medicine of the present invention is cheap and easy to obtain and does not contain fluorine harmful to humans, and the preparation method of the clean coating has simple operation, low cost, no pollution, and the prepared clean coating has excellent performance, wherein The static contact angle of water can reach 156°, which is a clean coating that can be prepared on a large scale.

Description of drawings

Example 1 of FIG. 1 is a graph showing the wettability test results of plastic powders of different colors, wherein a is black, b is gray, and c is blue.

Fig. 2 Contact angle test diagrams of plastic powders of different colors on metal in Example 1, wherein a is black, b is gray, and c is blue.

Figure 3 shows the contact angle test chart of the titanium dioxide coating mixture with different mass concentrations on the metal base in Example 2, wherein a is the titanium dioxide mass concentration of 70 mg/ml, and b is the titanium dioxide mass concentration of 16.67 mg/ml.

In the embodiment 2 of Fig. 4, the wettability effect diagram of using methyl orange aqueous solution for different mass concentrations of titanium dioxide coatings on metal substrates, wherein a is the mass concentration of titanium dioxide 70mg/ml, b is the mass concentration of titanium dioxide 16.67mg/ml .

Fig. 5 Contact angle test charts of different annealing temperatures on the metal base in Example 3, wherein a annealing temperature is 180°C, b annealing temperature is 220°C, and c annealing temperature is 240°C.

FIG. 6 is a test chart of the contact angle of the clean coating obtained by stirring in Example 4.

FIG. 7 is a test chart of the contact angle of the clean coating obtained by grinding in Example 4. FIG.

FIG. 8 Graph of wettability testing of different liquids on the clear coating in Example 5. FIG.

Fig. 9 Original images of clean coatings of different substrates in Example 6, wherein a is an iron sheet substrate, b is a ceramic substrate, and c is a glass substrate.

Fig. 10 The contact angle test chart of different substrates in Example 6, wherein a is an iron sheet substrate, b is a ceramic substrate, and c is a glass substrate.

Figure 11 Contact angle test of different coatings in Example 7, wherein a is the contact angle of the clean coating on the guardrail, and b is the contact angle of the plastic powder coating on the guardrail.

Figure 12 Screen shot of the bounce test of the clean coating of the guardrail in Example 7.

Figure 13 Screen shot of the bounce test of the guardrail plastic powder coating in Example 7.

Figure 14. Screenshots of the water drop rolling test of different coatings in Example 7, wherein a is the contact angle of the guardrail clean coating, and b is the contact angle of the guardrail plastic powder coating.

Fig. 15 Screen shot of the rolling test of muddy water on the guardrail clean coating in Example 7.

Figure 16 Screen shot of the rolling test of mud water on the guardrail plastic powder coating in Example 7.

Figure 17 Effect of silicon-based sols prepared with different molar concentrations of tetraethyl orthosilicate on hydrophobicity in Example 8, wherein a is the molar concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate, which is 0.47 mol/L, and b is the molar concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 0.67mol/L.

Figure 18 Effect of silicon-based sols prepared with different hexamethyldisilazane molar concentrations on hydrophobicity in Example 9, wherein a is the molar concentration of hexamethyldisilazane of 0.12 mol/L, and b is medium six The molar concentration of methyldisilazane was 0.17 mol/L.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but are not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Example 1 Clean Coatings Prepared by Plastic Powders of Different Colors

The titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1:5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, which was divided into three groups. Then add black, gray and blue carboxyl polyester resins to the three groups of titanium dioxide solutions respectively (the mass concentration of the three groups of carboxyl polyester resins with different colors is 0.167 g/ml) and stir for 60 min, and then add silica-based sol (water : ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane with a mass ratio of 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content of 33.33%) and stirred for 30 minutes. The coating mixed solution prepared by the above three schemes is coated on a metal substrate (conventional metal substrates can be used, such as metal substrates of iron, aluminum and copper) after annealing at 220 °C, and the wettability test is performed as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 1(a) is black plastic powder, Figure 1(b) is gray plastic powder, and Figure 1(c) is blue plastic powder. And the contact angles of the samples made by the three schemes are shown in Figure 2, and the contact angles on the metal substrate are 156 ^° , 155° and 153.5 ^° , respectively.

Example 2 Clean Coatings Prepared with Different Contents of Nano Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1:5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain titanium dioxide solutions with mass concentrations of 70 mg/ml and 16.67 mg/ml, and then added black carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration 0.167g/ml) and stir for 60min, then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane = 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33 %) and stirred for 30 min. The coating mixed solution prepared by the above two schemes was coated on the metal substrate, and the wettability test was done after annealing at 220 °C, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3(a) shows the mass concentration of titanium dioxide at 70 mg/ml, and Figure 3(b) shows the mass concentration of titanium dioxide at 16.67 mg/ml. And the contact angles of the samples made by the two schemes are shown in Figure 4, and the contact angles on the metal substrate are 151 ^o and 152.5 ^o , respectively.

Example 3 Clean coatings prepared at different annealing temperatures

Titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1/5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a set of titanium dioxide solutions with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, and then black carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration of 0.167g) was added. /ml) stir for 60min, then add silica-based sol (the mass ratio of water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane is 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33 %) and stirred for 30 min. The coating mixed solution prepared by the above scheme was coated on the metal substrate and annealed at 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C, respectively, and the contact angle test chart was shown in Figure 5. Figure 5(a) The annealing temperature was 180°C, Figure 5 (b) The annealing temperature is 220°C and the annealing temperature of Fig. 5(c) is 240°C, and the contact angles are 143°, 156° and 154.5°, respectively.

Example 4 Study on the film-forming properties and hydrophobic properties of coatings by stirring, ball milling and grinding of composite colloids

Add titanium dioxide to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1/5) and stir for 30min to obtain a titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 50mg/ml, and then add blue carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration of 0.167g/ml) ) and stir for 60min, then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane = 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33%) and stir for 30min to obtain Agitated clean coat solution. Add the above medicines in the same amount into a mortar and grind for 20 minutes to obtain a ground clean coating solution; the proportion of the above medicines is enlarged by 13 times and added to the ball milling tank for ball milling for 6 hours to obtain a ball milled clean coating solution. After that, the clean coating solution obtained above was coated on the metal substrate and annealed at 220°C to obtain the contact angle test chart of the clean coating as shown in Figures 6 and 7, wherein Figure 6 is the contact angle test of the clean coating obtained by stirring. Fig. 7, the contact angle is 155°; Fig. 7 is the test chart of the contact angle of the clean coating obtained by grinding, and the contact angle is 156.2°.

Example 5 Cleaning effect of different liquids on clean coating

Titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1/5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a set of titanium dioxide solutions with a mass concentration of 8.33 mg/ml, and then blue carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration of 8.33 mg/ml) was added. 0.167g/ml) and stir for 60min, then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane = 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33% ) and stir for 30 minutes. The coating mixed solution prepared in the above scheme was coated on a metal substrate and annealed at 220°C. The wettability test chart is shown in Figure 8, in which the droplets are copper sulfate solution, soy milk, methyl orange solution, coffee solution, black ink, and rose bengal B solution.

Example 6 Clean Coatings Prepared on Different Substrates

Titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1/5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a set of titanium dioxide solutions with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, and then added blue carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration of 0.167 g/ml) stir for 60min, then add silica-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane = 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33%) Stir for 30 min. The coating mixed solutions prepared in the above scheme were respectively coated on iron sheets, ceramics and glass substrates for annealing at 220°C. The original images of the clean coatings on different substrates are shown in Figure 9, Figure 9(a) iron sheet substrate, Figure 9(b) ceramic substrate, Figure 9(c) glass substrate; the contact angle test chart is shown in Figure 10, Figure 9 The contact angles of 10(a) iron sheet substrate, Fig. 10(b) ceramic substrate, and Fig. 10(c) glass substrate are 155°, 151° and 152°, respectively.

Example 7 Comparison of the cleaning effect of the clean coating on the metal substrate of the guardrail and the plastic powder coating of the guardrail

Prepare a set of titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 33.33mg/ml, add titanium dioxide to a mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1/5) and stir for 30 minutes, and then add blue carboxyl polyester resin (mass concentration of 0.111g/ml) and stir for 60min, then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane = 2:180:395:19:16) (volume content is 33.33% ) and stir for 30 minutes. The coating mixed solution prepared by the above scheme is coated on the guardrail galvanized steel sheet and annealed at 220°C to obtain a clean guardrail coating; the plastic powder is coated on the guardrail galvanized steel sheet and annealed at 220°C to obtain a common guardrail coating. The contact angle test chart is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11(a) is the contact angle of the clean coating of the guardrail, and Figure 11(b) is the contact angle of the plastic powder coating of the guardrail, which are 155° and 85° respectively; Figures 12 and 13 show the bouncing test screenshots of the water droplets on the two coatings; Figure 14(a) and Figure 14(b) show the water droplet sliding test screenshots respectively; the loading and rolling test screenshots of muddy water As shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16, respectively. These all reflect that the guardrail clean coating has a good self-cleaning effect.

Example 8 Influence of silica-based sols prepared with different ratios on hydrophobicity

Two groups of mixed solutions of ethyl orthosilicate, ammonia water and ethanol (the volume ratio of the two are 1/15) with molar concentrations of 0.47 mol/L and 0.67 mol/L in the silicon-based sol, respectively, were prepared, stirred for 2 h, and then Water with a volume of 1 ml was added dropwise and stirred for 60 minutes, and then hexamethyldisilazane was added and stirred for 30 minutes. The molar concentration of hexamethyldisilazane in the superhydrophobic stock solution was 0.12 mol/L. The solution prepared by the above two schemes was coated on the paper and dried, and the contact angle test was performed as shown in Figure 17. Figure 17(a) shows that the molar concentration of ethyl orthosilicate is 0.47mol/L, the contact angle is ^106.5o , (b) The molar concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 0.67 mol/L and the contact angle is 149.5 ^o .

Two groups of mixed solutions of ethyl orthosilicate, ammonia water and ethanol (the volume ratio of the two are 1/15) with a molar concentration of 0.67 mol/L in a silicon-based sol were prepared, stirred for 2 hours, and then added dropwise with a volume of 1.5 ml of water was stirred for 60 min, and then hexamethyldisilazane with molar concentrations of 0.12 mol/L and 0.17 mol/L in the silicon-based sol was added and stirred for 30 min. The solutions prepared by the above two schemes were coated on the paper and dried, and the contact angle test was performed as shown in Figure 13. The molar concentration of hexamethyldisilazane in Figure 18(a) was 0.12 mol/L. The contact angle was 150.5 ^o ; the molar concentration of hexamethyldisilazane in (b) was 0.17 mol/L, and the contact angle on the paper was 110 ^o .

Example 9 Clean Coatings Prepared by Different Silica-Based Sols

The titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1:5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, which was divided into three groups. Then add black carboxyl polyester resin (the mass concentration of three groups of carboxyl polyester resins with different colors is 0.167g/ml) to the three groups of titanium dioxide solutions and stir for 60 minutes, and then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: The mass ratio of ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane is 1:240:300:15:20) (volume content is 20%) and stirred for 30 minutes. The coating mixed solution prepared by the above three schemes is coated on a metal substrate (regular metal substrates can be used, such as iron metal substrates), and the clean coating is obtained after annealing at 220°C. The contact angle is 150°.

The titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1:5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, which was divided into three groups. Then add black carboxyl polyester resin (the mass concentration of three groups of carboxyl polyester resins with different colors is 0.167g/ml) to the three groups of titanium dioxide solutions and stir for 60 minutes, and then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: The mass ratio of ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane is 18:150:440:35:10 (volume content is 60%) and stirred for 30 minutes. The coating mixed solutions prepared by the above three schemes are coated on The clean coating is obtained after annealing at 220° C. on a metal substrate (conventional metal substrates can be used, such as iron metal substrates), and the contact angle of the clean coating is 152.5°.

The titanium dioxide was added to the mixture of water and ethanol (volume ratio of 1:5) and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a titanium dioxide solution with a mass concentration of 50 mg/ml, which was divided into three groups. Then add black carboxyl polyester resin (the mass concentration of three groups of carboxyl polyester resins with different colors is 0.167g/ml) to the three groups of titanium dioxide solutions and stir for 60 minutes, and then add silicon-based sol (water: ammonia water: ethanol: The mass ratio of ethyl orthosilicate: hexamethyldisilazane is 10:200:380:22:18 (volume content is 60%) and stirred for 30min. The coating mixed solutions prepared by the above three schemes are coated on The clean coating is obtained after annealing at 220° C. on a metal substrate (conventional metal substrates can be used, such as iron metal substrates), and the contact angle of the clean coating is 154.5°.

Claims (4)

1. The clean coating is characterized in that the static contact angle of water on the surface of the clean coating is more than 150 degrees, the clean coating is a color coating, and the raw materials of the coating comprise titanium dioxide, plastic powder and silicon-based sol; the mass ratio of the titanium dioxide to the molding powder to the silicon-based sol is 1-12: 28-36: 30-60 parts of; raw materials in the coating are all dissolved in a solvent, the solvent is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the water to the ethanol is 1: 2-6, the molding powder is blue carboxyl polyester resin, black carboxyl polyester resin, gray carboxyl polyester resin, white carboxyl polyester resin and orange carboxyl polyester resin,

the preparation method of the clean coating comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding titanium dioxide into the solvent, stirring uniformly, adding molding powder, and stirring for 45-75 min; and adding a silicon-based sol, and continuously stirring for 30min or grinding for 20min to obtain a uniform solution, wherein the silicon-based sol comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 150-250: 300-450: 15-36: 5-20;

step two: coating the uniform solution obtained in the step one on a base material, and annealing for 10-25min at 120-240 ℃ to obtain a clean coating;

the silicon-based sol forms high-roughness silicon dioxide microspheres with the grain diameter of 20-35nm and hydrophobic groups in the clean coating.

2. The clean coating according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-based sol comprises deionized water, ammonia water, absolute ethyl alcohol, ethyl orthosilicate and hexamethyldisilazane, and the mass ratio of the deionized water to the ammonia water to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the ethyl orthosilicate to the hexamethyldisilazane is 2: 180: 395:19: 16.

3. the cleaning coating of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises metal, ceramic, or glass.

4. Use of a clear coating according to any of claims 1 to 3 on guard rails, exterior building walls, or interior tiles.

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