CN108477198A - 含有阿扎霉素f与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
含有阿扎霉素f与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108477198A CN108477198A CN201810367808.1A CN201810367808A CN108477198A CN 108477198 A CN108477198 A CN 108477198A CN 201810367808 A CN201810367808 A CN 201810367808A CN 108477198 A CN108477198 A CN 108477198A
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- prochloraz
- azalomycin
- bactericidal composition
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有效成分为阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物，包括常用助剂、阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比为5:1～1:2，优选比为3:1～1:1。阿扎霉素F和与咪鲜胺以一定的比例复配后对病原物真菌有协同作用，适用于防治由病原物真菌引起的作物病害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于增效农药组合物领域，具体涉及一种含有活性成分阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的农药组合物。
背景技术
阿扎霉素F(Azalomycin F)，属于大环内酯化合物，具有广谱抗真菌活性，同时还对多种农业病虫害有抑制或杀灭作用，中国专利CN101792474B记载了阿扎霉素F在农业上的用途，可以用于防治香蕉枯萎病和作物根结线虫病。
咪鲜胺(Prochloraz)，别名：施保克、丙氯灵；化学名：N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]-咪唑-1-甲酰胺。咪鲜胺是一种广谱杀菌剂，对多种作物由子囊菌和半知菌引起的病害具有明显的防效，也可以与大多数杀菌剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂混用，均有较好的防治效果。对大田作物、水果蔬菜、草皮及观赏植物上的多种病害具有治疗和铲除作用。为广谱性杀菌剂。其系抑制麦角甾醇生物合成，具有保护和铲除作用，对多种作物子囊菌和半知菌病害有显著防效。可用于防治禾谷类作物茎、叶、穗上的许多病害。
镰孢属(Fusarium)病原物广泛引起各种植物病害。串珠镰孢(Fusariummoniliforme Sheld)引起水稻恶苗病；禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearun Schaabe)引起小麦赤霉病；尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起多种作物病害，如尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)引起西瓜枯萎病、尖孢镰刀菌巴拿马专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)引起香蕉枯萎病(香蕉巴拿马枯萎病)。
施用化学药剂是防治植物病菌最有效的化学手段之一；用没有交互抗性的新农药来防治植物病害是一个良好的解决方法；但是，目前开发一个新农药需要筛选上万个化合物，耗资1.2-1.5亿美元，开发周期为5-10年，很难赶的上病原菌产生抗药性的速度；其他的方法如作物布局调整、不同农药轮换等，在实际操作过程中，很难起到明显的效果。
开发新品杀菌剂价格昂贵、周期长，而相比之下，开发与研究高效、低毒、低残留的复配与混配具有投资小、研制周期短而受到国内外的重视，纷纷加大研制力度。
阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的增效组合未见报道，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的作用机理及作用特点不同。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种含有阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的增效杀菌组合物，便于作物病害抗性管理、健康管理以及减少农药使用量。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
所述含有阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物，其活性成分为阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺，优选的阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为5:1～1:2。
进一步优选的阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为3:1～1:1。
进一步优选的阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为3:1。
进一步优选的阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为2:1。
进一步优选的阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为1:1。
所述含有阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物，除含有活性成分阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺外，还含有助剂；活性组分的重量为组合物总重量的1％～30％，其余为农药助剂。
所述农药组合物，可以加工成微乳剂、水分散粒剂、颗粒剂等农业上常用的剂型便于农业上使用，也可以加工成水悬浮剂、水乳剂、可分散油悬浮剂、乳油、悬乳剂、可湿性粉剂等其他农药剂型。
所述颗粒剂剂型按重量百分数组成为：阿扎霉素F 1～5％，咪鲜胺1～5％、分散剂0.1～5％、湿润剂0.1～5％、粘结剂0.1～5％、载体补足至100％。具体生产步骤为：具体生产步骤为：将有效成分和其它助剂混合均匀，用超微气流粉碎机粉碎，经捏合，然后加入流化床造粒干燥机中进行造粒、干燥、筛分，制得相应重量百分含量的颗粒剂。
所述水分散粒剂剂型按重量百分数组成为：阿扎霉素F 1～10％，咪鲜胺1～20％、分散剂0.1～9％、崩解剂0.1～9％、润湿剂0.1～6％，固体载体补足至100％。具体生产步骤为：将有效成分和其它助剂混合均匀，用超微气流粉碎机粉碎，经捏合，然后加入流化床造粒干燥机中进行造粒、干燥、筛分，制得相应重量百分含量的水分散粒剂。
所述微乳剂剂型按重量百分数组成为：阿扎霉素F 1～10％，咪鲜胺1～20％、分散剂0.1～10％、乳化剂1～15％、溶剂0.1～20％、防冻剂0.1～5％，去离子水补足至100％。具体生产步骤为：将有效成分和其它助剂混合均匀，有效成分和助剂溶解后，置于容器中用剪切机剪切5分钟～2小时，即制得相应重量百分含量的微乳剂。
所述的防冻剂可以是甘油、丙二醇、二甘醇、尿素等中一种或几种。
所述的湿润剂可以是十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、丁基萘磺酸钠、烷基磺酸钠、茶枯粉、皂角粉、无患子粉、麦麸、高粱淀粉、荞麦粉等中的一种或几种。
所述乳化剂可以是三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、BBM-3、环氧氯丙烷、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚、异构醇中的一种。
所述的分散剂可以是烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲氧基脂肪酰胺基苯磺酸、木质素磺酸盐、聚羧酸盐、脂肪酸酯硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇油酸酯、二丁基萘磺酸钠、磷酸酯等中的一种或几种。
所述的崩解剂可以是羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氯化镁、氯化铝、氯化钠、尿素、硫酸铵、膨润土等中的一种或几种。
所述的固体载体可以是轻质碳酸钙、陶土、高岭土、硅藻土、膨润土、白炭黑、粘土、凹凸棒土、滑石粉、石英沙、木粉、胡桃壳粉、木质素、麦麸、稻糠、木屑等中的一种或几种。
所述的粘结剂可以是蔗糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧丙基纤维素、糊精、淀粉糊精、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、粘性高岭土、石蜡、松香、木粉等中的一种或几种。
所述溶剂可以是溶剂油S-150、溶剂油S-200、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正辛醇、正戊醇、丙酮、环己酮、己烷、二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、油酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、醋酸仲丁酯。
所述的去离子水是工业去离子水。
通过试验发现，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺混合使用对镰孢属(Fusarium)病原物具有协同作用。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明提供的含有活性成分阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的农药组合物，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺在一定比例范围内镰孢属(Fusarium)病原物的室内活性具有增效作用，如尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)。
2、本发明农药组合物对靶标病原物具有增效作用，可以减少农药使用量、降低农作物病害防治成本、减轻对环境的污染。
具体实施方式
(一)、生测实施例
按照孙云沛法，根据共毒系数(CTC)来评价药剂混用的协同作用，即CTC≤80为协同拮抗作用，80＜CTC＜120为协同拮抗作用，CTC≥120为协同增效作用。
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂的EC50/供试药剂的EC50)×100。理论毒力指数TTI＝A药剂的毒力指数×混剂中A药剂的百分含量+B药剂的毒力指数×混剂中B药剂的百分含量。
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
阿扎霉素F·咪鲜胺对尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)的室内毒力测定，试验对象采自田间的西瓜枯萎病病原物尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)(菌丝生长法)。
表1阿扎霉素F·咪鲜胺对尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型的室内毒力测定结果。
由表1可知，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺混配在5:1～1:2之间对尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)具有增效作用，共毒系数均在120以上；阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺混配在3:1～1:1之间对尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)具有较好的增效作用，共毒系数均在140以上；而阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺混配在50:1～10:1和1:5～1:30对(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)具没有增效作用，共毒系数均在120以下。
(二)、制剂实施例
0.5％阿扎霉素F·0.5％咪鲜胺颗粒剂
称取0.5％阿扎霉素F、0.5％咪鲜胺、3％茶枯粉、2％木粉、2％羧甲基淀粉钠、1％木质素，余量轻质碳酸钙。上述原料在混合缸中混合均匀，经过挤压、造粒、干燥，并经筛分步骤制得0.5％阿扎霉素F·0.5％咪鲜胺颗粒剂。
3％阿扎霉素F·3％咪鲜胺水分散粒剂
称取3％阿扎霉素F、3％咪鲜胺、3％十二烷基硫酸钠、2％萘磺酸钠、1％壳聚糖、1％氯化钠、余量轻质碳酸钙。上述原料在混合缸中混合均匀，经过挤压、造粒、干燥，并经筛分步骤制得3％阿扎霉素F·3％咪鲜胺水分散粒剂。
3％阿扎霉素F·3％咪鲜胺微乳剂
取3％阿扎霉素F、3％咪鲜胺、4％溶剂油S-150、4％丙三醇、4％脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，上述成分混合均匀后，加入去离子水补足至100％，置于容器中用每分钟7000转的剪切机剪切30分钟，即制得3％阿扎霉素F 3％咪鲜胺微乳剂。
(三)、应用实施例
尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起多种作物病害，如尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)引起西瓜枯萎病；尖孢镰刀菌巴拿马专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)引起香蕉枯萎病(香蕉巴拿马枯萎病)。
表2 3％阿扎霉素F·3％咪鲜胺微乳剂防治西瓜枯萎病药效试验
表2数据结果表明1％阿扎霉素F·4％咪鲜胺微乳剂用量10毫克/千克(有效成分)250毫升/株灌根对西瓜枯萎病防治效果优秀，药后10天、20天防治效果均在80％以上，且优于16％噁霉灵40％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(市购，PD20170290，成都科利隆生化有限公司生产)900毫克/千克(有效成分)250毫升/株。
Claims (10)
1.一种含有阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：有效成份为阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺，阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为5:1～1:2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为3:1～1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为3:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：阿扎霉素F和咪鲜胺的质量份数比例为1:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：活性组分的重量为组合物总重量的1％～30％，其余为农药助剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：活性组分的重量为组合物总重量的5％～15％，其余为农药助剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于：所述组合物的剂型是颗粒剂、水分散粒剂、微乳剂中的一种。
9.一种含有阿扎霉素F与咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物，其特征在于重量百分比：取3％阿扎霉素F、3％咪鲜胺、4％溶剂油S-150、4％丙三醇、4％脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，上述成分混合均匀后，加入去离子水补足至100％，置于容器中用每分钟7000转的剪切机剪切30分钟，即制得3％阿扎霉素F 3％咪鲜胺微乳剂。
10.权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物用于防治西瓜枯萎病的用途。
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| CN101263822A (zh) * | 2007-11-25 | 2008-09-17 | 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司 | 一种防治水稻稻瘟病的杀菌组合物 |
| CN101792474A (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2010-08-04 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | 新型阿扎霉素F(Azalomycin F)类大环内酯化合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN102113504A (zh) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-06 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | 含多抗霉素和咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物 |
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| CN101263822A (zh) * | 2007-11-25 | 2008-09-17 | 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司 | 一种防治水稻稻瘟病的杀菌组合物 |
| CN101792474A (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2010-08-04 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | 新型阿扎霉素F(Azalomycin F)类大环内酯化合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN102113504A (zh) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-06 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | 含多抗霉素和咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物 |
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