CN108401802A - A kind of totally-enclosed cultural method of the stem of noble dendrobium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of totally-enclosed cultural method of the stem of noble dendrobium, belongs to agricultural production.According to the biological characteristics of dendrobium candidum, by designing culture apparatus and use, then matrix selection is carried out, and use efficiency cultivation technology for high, obtain a kind of totally-enclosed cultural method of dendrobium candidum, mesostroma is specially：Include by weight：24 parts of 2 ~ 5 parts of composition, seaweeds, N, the P of 0.001 ~ 0.01 part of 80 parts of bark mixtures, 5 parts of fishbone dust, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.001 ~ 0.01% or brassin and 0.001 ~ 0.01 part of gibberellin GA3₂O₅5 parts, K₂6 parts of O, 1 ~ 3 part of Dipel powder.The stem of noble dendrobium of the method for the present invention can cultivate 1 year or more under the conditions of Greenhouse, and production is efficient, yield is high, good quality, matrix retain water and nutrients effect used is good, can effectively prevent the pest and disease damages such as soft rot, black spot, anthracnose, mole cricket and snail, luxuriant and rich with fragrance armored scale, red spider.

Description

A kind of dendrobium fully enclosed cultivation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a fully enclosed cultivation method for Dendrobium nodii.

Background technique

Dendrobium (scientific name: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo): It is a perennial herb of Orchidaceae. It is a traditional precious medicinal material in my country. It was included in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" in 2010. It has the effects of nourishing the stomach and promoting body fluid, nourishing yin and clearing away heat. The Taoist classic "Tao Zang" in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty once listed Dendrobium officinale as "the first of the nine Chinese immortal grasses". Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Dendrobium officinale contains polysaccharides, alkaloids, helium acid and other components, which have anti-tumor, anti-aging, enhancing body immunity, dilating blood vessels and anti-platelet aggregation, etc., so it is widely used in clinical and Chinese medicine compound .

Dendrobium is a neutral plant, which likes a warm, cool and humid environment. Its vertical distribution range is wide, and it is distributed at an altitude of 100-3000m. Dendrobium officinale usually grows on trees in the forest or on cliff rocks at the edge of the forest with high humidity and sufficient scattered light. The main tree species of Dendrobium officinale generally have the characteristics of thick bark, many grooves, and the surface of the bark is covered with some moss and lichen, and the water is relatively sufficient; not all evergreen broad-leaved forests, mountain streams and other damp places Dendrobium officinale grows and distributes. Because the seeds of Dendrobium candidum have no endosperm, they need to symbiosis with certain fungi to germinate, the natural reproduction rate is low, and the unrestrained mining of Dendrobium candidum for many years has led to a sharp decrease in the germplasm resources of Dendrobium candidum in my country, and even some production areas are on the verge of extinction. , has been listed as the world's second-class protected plants, national key protected medicinal plants, and China's rare and endangered second-class protected plants. At the same time, Dendrobium officinale has a wide distribution area, different growth environments, and complex variation types, resulting in uneven quality and yield.

Therefore, whether it is transplanting and domestication of tissue culture seedlings, intensive cultivation in greenhouses, or large-scale artificial cultivation in the open field, how to create conditions to meet the specific requirements of Dendrobium candidum for environmental factors is the key to the success of artificial cultivation.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dendrobium full-enclosed cultivation method, for realizing the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A fully enclosed cultivation method for dendrobium, comprising: design and use of a cultivation device for dendrobium candidum, matrix formulation and treatment, and high-efficiency cultivation techniques. One kind of Dendrobium candidum fully enclosed cultivation refers to planting in facility greenhouses or bionic cultivation in the wild.

Wherein the cultivation device comprises a planting tank 1, a solid cultivation substrate 2 is set in the planting tank 1, a supporting frame 5 is arranged on the planting tank 1, a plastic film 4 is covered on the supporting frame 5, and a hook 6 is arranged at the supporting frame 5 upper end.

Wherein the support frame 5 is a center-symmetric arc steel wire frame.

Sterilize the cultivation device before planting, using 1wt% KMnO ₄ or 1wt% CuSO ₄ .

The matrix formula includes by weight: 80 parts of bark mixture (wherein by weight, bark, sawdust, gravel, bamboo chips = 1:2:2:1), 5 parts of fully fermented fish bone meal, re-nitrated Composition of 0.001-0.01 parts of sodium phenate or 0.001-0.01 parts of brassinolide and 0.001-0.01 parts of gibberellin GA3, 2-5 parts of seaweed, 24 parts of N, 5 parts of P ₂ O ₅ , 6 parts of K ₂ O 1. 1~3 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis powder (containing 1 billion spores per gram); weigh each component and mix. Put the prepared matrix into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, pass steam through a ventilator, heat to 80-100°C, and airtightly sterilize for 30-60 minutes.

Among them, high-efficiency cultivation technology, including planting and maintenance management, refers to planting bottle seedlings or seedlings propagated by division after tissue culture rooting and hardening, planting on the substrate, and cultivating in the device.

Significant advantage of the present invention is:

(1) The existing cultivation method of Dendrobium officinale is greatly influenced by the outside world, has obvious seasonality, and it is difficult to control the yield and quality. Through the implementation of the present invention, Dendrobium officinale can be cultivated under the conditions of the facility greenhouse for more than one year, and the cultivation is less affected by external interference , high output and quality, less labor.

(2) The mixed substrate and prebiotics used in the present invention have good water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively prevent and control soft rot, black spot, anthracnose, mole crickets, snails, phenanthrenes, red spiders and other diseases and insect pests.

(3) The protected cultivation device of the present invention can solve management problems.

(4) The present invention can reduce environmental pollution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Dendrobium candidum cultivation device.

The marks in the picture are: 1: planting tank; 2: solid cultivation substrate; or materials with better water and fertilizer retention (used for cultivation of crops and fixing nutrient solution); 3: cultivation of crops; 4: plastic film; 5: Support frame, used for structural fixation; 6: Hook (add air suspension function on the basis of flat ground, increase space utilization, and be more beautiful).

Detailed ways

A fully enclosed cultivation method for dendrobium, including the design and use of a cultivation device for Dendrobium officinale, wherein the cultivation device includes a planting tank (1), a solid cultivation substrate (2) is set in the planting tank (1), and a planting tank (1) is provided with A centrally symmetrical curved steel wire support frame (5), the support frame (5) is covered with a plastic film (4), and a hook (6) is arranged at the upper end of the support frame (5).

The cultivation device was sterilized with 1wt% KMnO ₄ or 1wt% CuSO ₄ before use.

Example 1

A fully enclosed cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale, including the design and use of cultivation equipment for Dendrobium candidum, substrate preparation and substrate treatment, and high-efficiency cultivation techniques; wherein the substrate preparation specifically includes: in parts by weight: bark mixture (bark, sawdust, gravel , Bamboo chips weight ratio is 1:2:2:1) 80 parts, 5 parts of fully fermented fish bone meal, 0.001 part of sodium nitrophenolate, 2 parts of seaweed, 24 parts of N, 5 parts of P ₂ O ₅ , K ₂ 6 parts of O, 1 part of Bacillus thuringiensis powder (containing 1 billion spores per gram); weigh each component and mix. Put the prepared matrix into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, pass steam through a ventilator, heat to 100°C, and airtightly sterilize for 60 minutes.

Example 2

A fully enclosed cultivation method for Dendrobium candidum, characterized in that it includes the design and use of a Dendrobium officinale cultivation device, substrate preparation and substrate treatment, and high-efficiency cultivation techniques; wherein the substrate preparation specifically includes: by weight: bark mixture (bark, sawdust , gravel, bamboo chips (weight ratio 1:2:2:1) 80 parts, 5 parts of fully fermented fish bone meal, 0.005 parts of brassinolide and 0.001 part of GA3 (gibberellin), 5 parts of seaweed , 24 parts of N, 5 parts of P ₂ O ₅ , 6 parts of K ₂ O , 2 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis powder (containing 1 billion spores per gram); weigh each component and mix. Put the prepared matrix into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, pass steam through a ventilation tube, heat to 100°C, and conduct airtight disinfection for 60 minutes.

Example 3

A fully enclosed cultivation method for Dendrobium candidum, characterized in that it includes the design and use of a Dendrobium officinale cultivation device, substrate preparation and substrate treatment, and high-efficiency cultivation techniques; wherein the substrate preparation specifically includes: by weight fraction: bark mixture (bark, Sawdust, gravel, bamboo chips (weight ratio: 1:2:2:1) 80 parts, fully fermented fish bone meal 5 parts, sodium nitrophenolate 0.01 part, seaweed 3 parts, N 24 parts, P ₂ O ₅ 5 parts, K ₂ O 6 parts, Bacillus thuringiensis powder 3 parts (containing 1 billion spores per gram); weigh each component and mix. Put the prepared matrix into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, pass steam through a ventilation tube, heat to 100°C, and conduct airtight disinfection for 60 minutes.

After 10 months of cultivation, the effects of different cultivation conditions on the growth and quality of Dendrobium were observed, and the seedlings were taken out, cleaned, and the height, diameter, fresh weight and quality of the seedlings were measured.

Table 1 Determination results of growth and quality indexes of Dendrobium nobile under different treatments

As can be seen from Table 1, the Dendrobium officinale obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention is higher in quality than the methods of tissue culture bottle seedlings and greenhouse cultivation, and its rich active ingredients are higher.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of totally-enclosed cultural method of the stem of noble dendrobium, it is characterised in that：Match including the design of officinal dendrobium stem plantation device and use, matrix System and matrix treatments, efficiency cultivation technology for high；Wherein substrate preparation is specially：Include by weight：80 parts of bark mixtures, fish The group of 5 parts of bone meal, 0.001 ~ 0.01 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate or 0.001 ~ 0.01 part of 0.001 ~ 0.01 part of brassin and gibberellin GA3 Close object, 2 ~ 5 parts of seaweeds, 24 parts of N, P₂O₅5 parts, K₂6 parts of O, 1 ~ 3 part of Dipel powder；Each component is weighed to be mixed It closes.

2. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bark mixtures are specific For bark, the mixture of sawdust, rubble, bamboo scraps, wherein by weight, bark, sawdust, rubble, bamboo scraps=1:2:2:1.

3. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Dipel powder contains Every gram of spore count 1,000,000,000.

4. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The matrix treatments are：It will The matrix for preparing is packed into disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, and steam is passed through with snorkel, is heated to 80 ~ 100 DEG C, and closed disinfection 30 ~ 60min。

5. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Culture apparatus uses preceding use 1wt%KMnO₄Or 1wt%CuSO₄It carries out disinfection.

6. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The culture apparatus, including Planting groove（1）, planting groove（1）In Solid Cultivation substrates are set（2）, planting groove（1）On be provided with supporting rack（5）, supporting rack（5） Upper covering plastic film（4）, in supporting rack（5）Upper end is provided with hook（6）.

7. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Wherein support frame as described above（5） Centered on symmetrical arc steel wire rack.

8. the totally-enclosed cultural method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The efficiency cultivation technology for high packet Field planting and maintenance management are included, refers to the seedling of bottle seedling or division propagation after tissue culture to be taken root to hardening, is planted in matrix, in device Middle cultivation.