CN108356601A - Comprehensive process main shaft system adaptability cooling controller and method - Google Patents
Comprehensive process main shaft system adaptability cooling controller and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明是关于一种综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置及方法，特别指一种能撷取综合加工机的主轴转速与温度信号而得出主轴冷却系统参数的控制方法；根据温度及转速信号回馈并做冷却系统参数自动调整以完成冷却控制动作，以达到综合加工机加工精度准确度。The invention relates to an adaptive cooling control device and method for the spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine, in particular to a control method capable of extracting the spindle speed and temperature signals of a comprehensive processing machine to obtain the parameters of the spindle cooling system; according to the temperature and speed The signal is fed back and the cooling system parameters are automatically adjusted to complete the cooling control action, so as to achieve the accuracy of the machining accuracy of the comprehensive processing machine.
背景技术Background technique
近几年来，综合加工机产业都朝向高转速及高精密度的领域迈进，而高速化之后所衍生的发热问题，成为影响综合加工机精密度的因素之一。因为主轴在高速旋转动作时，其内部持续地产生的热源，在聚集的热负荷情形下，会对综合加工机的主轴精度造成相当大的影响，尤其在长时间进行加工及环境温度多重影响因素结合情况，更加剧因发热而破坏加工精密性。因此，传统针对综合加工机发热问题的因应对策有：In recent years, the comprehensive processing machine industry has been moving towards the field of high speed and high precision, and the heat generation problem derived from the high speed has become one of the factors affecting the precision of the comprehensive processing machine. Because when the spindle rotates at high speed, the heat source continuously generated inside it will have a considerable impact on the precision of the spindle of the comprehensive processing machine under the condition of accumulated heat load, especially when processing for a long time and multiple factors affecting the ambient temperature Combined with the situation, it will aggravate the damage to processing precision due to heat. Therefore, the traditional countermeasures for the heating problem of comprehensive processing machines are:
(1)隔离热源技术：即采用低传导或是热膨胀系数的材料构成重要的零组件，或针对主轴施予隔离降温手段。但此种热源控制技术需求高成本与技术门槛，因而不易实施完成有效对抗热变位的技术。(1) Isolation heat source technology: that is, to use materials with low conductivity or thermal expansion coefficient to form important components, or to apply isolation and cooling methods to the main shaft. However, this kind of heat source control technology requires high cost and technical threshold, so it is difficult to implement a technology that effectively resists thermal displacement.
(2)移除热源技术：移除热源技术，采用主轴单元与冷却系统成重要的冷却循环单元，通过冷却系统输送冷却油进入主轴冷却回路施予移除热源降温手段。(2) Heat source removal technology: The heat source removal technology adopts the main shaft unit and the cooling system to form an important cooling cycle unit, and the cooling oil is transported through the cooling system into the main shaft cooling circuit to remove the heat source and reduce the temperature.
然而上述的移除热源技术，其冷却系统皆是以固定冷却温度、流量、参数进行冷却控制，虽然可达成主轴的热源移除降温，但未加考虑综合加工机主轴单元在加工运转中转速变化所造成的发热能量与冷却系统冷却能量的关系，致使造成主轴温度不稳定而热胀冷缩问题发生。However, in the above-mentioned heat source removal technology, the cooling system is controlled by fixed cooling temperature, flow rate, and parameters. Although the heat source removal and cooling of the spindle can be achieved, it does not take into account the speed change of the spindle unit of the comprehensive processing machine during processing. The relationship between the resulting heating energy and the cooling energy of the cooling system leads to the instability of the spindle temperature and the problem of thermal expansion and cold contraction.
另外，亦有新技术是通过流量控制装置，根据综合加工机主轴单元在加工运转中转速变化进行流量调整，来达到主轴温度稳定状态，但流量的调整是皆是通过压力的变化来进行增加或减少，却无法考虑到原先冷却管路设计所能承受的热交换率、压力范围与最大容许流量，致使无明显改善热变位、造成冷却管路损坏与噪音问题发生。In addition, there is also a new technology that uses a flow control device to adjust the flow rate according to the change in the speed of the spindle unit of the comprehensive processing machine during processing to achieve a stable state of the spindle temperature, but the flow adjustment is all through pressure changes. However, the heat exchange rate, pressure range, and maximum allowable flow rate that the original cooling pipeline design can withstand cannot be considered, resulting in no obvious improvement in thermal displacement, resulting in damage to the cooling pipeline and noise problems.
这两种因素将导致冷却系统无法以稳定且精确方式进行冷却动作，造成综合加工机在进行加工时，工作物表面粗糙度不良等事情。足见已知综合加工机的冷却控制技术，仍亟待改进。These two factors will lead to the inability of the cooling system to perform cooling action in a stable and precise manner, resulting in poor surface roughness of the workpiece when the integrated processing machine is processing. It can be seen that the cooling control technology of the known comprehensive processing machine still needs to be improved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要目的，是在提供一种综合加工机的主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置及方法，通过温度传感器、温度卡、控制器系统的宏程序单元、通信模块与主轴冷却系统的通信模块、冷却单元的控制方法；可依综合加工机执行加工程序的主轴运转及温度感测信号，将此信号再通过控制器系统分析出主轴冷却状态而去判断是否需调整冷却参数并传送给主轴冷却系统；藉此冷却控制方法，以达到综合加工机良好加工精度。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a spindle system adaptive cooling control device and method of a comprehensive processing machine, through the temperature sensor, the temperature card, the macro program unit of the controller system, the communication module and the communication module of the spindle cooling system, cooling The control method of the unit; according to the spindle operation and temperature sensing signal of the processing program executed by the comprehensive processing machine, the signal is then analyzed by the controller system to analyze the cooling state of the spindle to determine whether the cooling parameters need to be adjusted and sent to the spindle cooling system; With this cooling control method, good machining accuracy of the integrated processing machine can be achieved.
为了达到上述目的，本发明实施例提供一种综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置，其包含：设置在一综合加工机的一控制器装置、至少一设置在该综合加工机的主轴单元的温度传感器、一温度撷取装置及一主轴冷却系统；该控制器装置内建一宏程序单元，该宏程序单元对该主轴单元运转所造成热，经由该温度传感器及该温度撷取装置进行监测，并判断、挑选及传递合适的冷却控制参数至该主轴冷却系统；该温度传感器装设于该主轴单元，量测该主轴单元的温度，将所测得的温度信号回馈给该温度撷取装置；该温度撷取装置与该温度传感器及该控制器装置连接，撷取该温度传感器测得的温度信号，将该温度信号作数字转换及过滤噪声干扰，再传送到该宏程序单元；该主轴冷却系统是设置于该综合加工机的周边设备，接收该宏程序单元的冷却控制参数，将一冷却液输送到该主轴单元进行冷却。In order to achieve the above purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive cooling control device for the spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine, which includes: a controller device installed in a comprehensive processing machine, at least one spindle unit provided in the comprehensive processing machine A temperature sensor, a temperature acquisition device, and a spindle cooling system; the controller device has a built-in macro program unit, and the macro program unit monitors the heat generated by the operation of the spindle unit through the temperature sensor and the temperature acquisition device , and determine, select and transmit appropriate cooling control parameters to the spindle cooling system; the temperature sensor is installed on the spindle unit, measures the temperature of the spindle unit, and feeds back the measured temperature signal to the temperature acquisition device ; the temperature acquisition device is connected with the temperature sensor and the controller device, captures the temperature signal measured by the temperature sensor, performs digital conversion on the temperature signal and filters noise interference, and then transmits it to the macro program unit; the spindle The cooling system is set on the peripheral equipment of the integrated processing machine, receives the cooling control parameters of the macro program unit, and delivers a cooling liquid to the spindle unit for cooling.
本发明实施例还提供一种综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置的控制方法，其包含：An embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method for an adaptive cooling control device for a spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine, which includes:
(a)启动宏程序单元；(a) start the macro program unit;
(b)撷取温度与转速信号：该温度传感器撷取该主轴单元的温度产生温度信号，并回馈至该温度撷取装置，该温度撷取装置将温度信号作数字转换及过滤噪声干扰，获得该控制器装置可读取的温度数据，并传送至该控制器装置；(b) Acquisition of temperature and rotational speed signals: the temperature sensor acquires the temperature of the spindle unit to generate a temperature signal, which is fed back to the temperature acquisition device, and the temperature acquisition device converts the temperature signal to digital and filters noise interference to obtain temperature data readable by the controller device and transmitted to the controller device;
(c)判断转速条件与主轴升温：该宏程序单元以当时该主轴单元运作的转速，判断出主轴转速坐落的范围区段，配合温度数据判断主轴升温的程度；(c) Judging the rotational speed condition and the temperature rise of the spindle: the macro program unit judges the range of the spindle speed at the operating speed of the spindle unit at that time, and judges the temperature rise of the spindle with the temperature data;
(d)判断当时主轴冷却参数：该宏程序单元判断目前转速区间所产生的主轴温度是否落在限定的温升范围；(d) Judging the current spindle cooling parameters: the macro program unit judges whether the spindle temperature generated in the current speed range falls within the limited temperature rise range;
(e)挑选出新的冷却参数：当主轴温度超出温升范围时，该宏程序单元根据当时转速条件与温升范围计算出新的冷却控制参数；(e) Select new cooling parameters: when the spindle temperature exceeds the temperature rise range, the macro program unit calculates new cooling control parameters according to the current speed conditions and temperature rise range;
(f)将新的冷却参数传至主轴冷却系统：该控制器装置把新的冷却控制参数传递给该主轴冷却系统；(f) transmitting new cooling parameters to the spindle cooling system: the controller device transmits new cooling control parameters to the spindle cooling system;
(g)变更冷却控制参数并运作：该冷却液汲取单元进行更换冷却控制参数，输送适合的冷却液到该主轴单元进行冷却。(g) Changing the cooling control parameters and operating: the cooling liquid extraction unit changes the cooling control parameters, and delivers suitable cooling liquid to the spindle unit for cooling.
本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置及方法所达成的功效，在适应性冷却控制功能方面，是根据信号分析及最佳化控制理论基础完成适应性冷却控制动作，将每次撷取到的信号通过控制器装置的宏程序单元作信号分析及最佳化控制运算，此方法可改善已知冷却控制技术中，未考虑综合加工机主轴单元在加工运转中转速变化所造成的发热能量与冷却系统冷却能量的关系，致使造成主轴温度不稳定而热胀冷缩问题发生。The effect achieved by the adaptive cooling control device and method of the spindle system of the comprehensive processing machine of the present invention, in terms of the adaptive cooling control function, is to complete the adaptive cooling control action based on signal analysis and optimization control theory, and will capture each time The received signal is analyzed and optimized through the macro program unit of the controller device. This method can improve the known cooling control technology, which does not consider the heating energy caused by the change of the rotational speed of the spindle unit of the comprehensive processing machine during the processing operation. The relationship with the cooling energy of the cooling system leads to the instability of the spindle temperature and the problem of thermal expansion and cold contraction.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下配合附图详细说明本发明的特征及优点：The features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置的总体方块示意图。Fig. 1 is a general block schematic diagram of an adaptive cooling control device for a spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine according to the present invention.
图2为本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制方法各项步骤的执行示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of execution of various steps of the adaptive cooling control method for the spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine according to the present invention.
图3为本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制方法各步骤的执行程序示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the execution program of each step of the method for controlling the adaptive cooling of the spindle system of the comprehensive processing machine according to the present invention.
附图标号Reference number
10综合加工机10Comprehensive processing machine
11主轴单元11 spindle unit
20控制器装置20 controller device
21宏程序单元21 macro program unit
22第一通信模块22 first communication module
30温度传感器30 temperature sensor
40温度撷取装置40 temperature acquisition device
50主轴冷却系统50 spindle cooling system
51冷却液存储单元51 coolant storage unit
52冷却液汲取单元52 coolant pickup unit
53管路53 lines
54第二通信模块54 second communication module
(a)启动宏程序单元(a) Start the macro program unit
(b)撷取温度与转速信号(b) Acquisition of temperature and rotational speed signals
(c)判断转速条件与主轴升温(c) Judging speed conditions and spindle temperature rise
(d)判断当时主轴冷却参数(d) Judging the spindle cooling parameters at that time
(e)挑选出新的冷却参数(e) Pick out new cooling parameters
(f)将新的冷却参数传至主轴冷却系统(f) Pass the new cooling parameters to the spindle cooling system
(g)变更冷却控制参数并运作(g) Change the cooling control parameters and operate
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.
本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置及方法，特别指一种能撷取综合加工机的主轴转速与温度信号，进而得出合适的主轴冷却参数的控制方法，并根据温度及转速信号回馈作冷却系统参数自动调整以完成冷却控制动作，达到综合加工机良好加工精度。参阅图1及图2所示，其较佳的具体实施例包含：设置在综合加工机10的一控制器装置20、至少一设置在该综合加工机10的主轴单元11的温度传感器30、一温度撷取装置40及一主轴冷却系统50，用以作为执行本发明主轴冷却系统参数控制技术的硬件装置，其中：The present invention relates to an adaptive cooling control device and method for the spindle system of a comprehensive processing machine, in particular to a control method capable of extracting the spindle speed and temperature signals of a comprehensive processing machine, and then obtaining suitable cooling parameters of the spindle, and according to the temperature and speed signals Feedback is used for automatic adjustment of cooling system parameters to complete cooling control actions and achieve good machining accuracy of comprehensive processing machines. Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Fig. 2, its preferred specific embodiment comprises: be arranged on a controller device 20 of integrated processing machine 10, at least one temperature sensor 30 that is arranged on the spindle unit 11 of this integrated processing machine 10, a The temperature acquisition device 40 and a spindle cooling system 50 are used as hardware devices for implementing the spindle cooling system parameter control technology of the present invention, wherein:
该综合加工机10具体的可为现今的立式综合加工机、卧式综合加工机、龙门型综合加工机或五轴综合加工机等，该综合加工机10具有一用于带动刀具的主轴单元11；The comprehensive processing machine 10 can specifically be the current vertical comprehensive processing machine, horizontal comprehensive processing machine, gantry type comprehensive processing machine or five-axis comprehensive processing machine, etc. The comprehensive processing machine 10 has a spindle unit for driving the tool 11;
该控制器装置20为一种可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)，其设置于该综合加工机10中执行系统监控、运算/判断数据及传递冷却参数的控制装置，其内建有一宏程序单元21与一第一通信模块22；该宏程序单元21预先编写及存储在该控制器装置20中的程序，能够对该综合加工机10的主轴单元11运转所造成热，经由温度传感器30及温度撷取装置40进行监测，并通过该宏程序单元21判断并传递合适的冷却控制参数；该第一通信模块22为一种I/O模块，用于连接于该一主轴冷却系统50；The controller device 20 is a programmable logic controller (PLC), which is installed in the comprehensive processing machine 10 to perform system monitoring, calculation/judgment data and control devices for transmitting cooling parameters. It has a built-in macro program unit 21 With a first communication module 22; the macro program unit 21 is pre-written and stored in the program of the controller device 20, which can cause heat caused by the operation of the spindle unit 11 of the integrated processing machine 10, through the temperature sensor 30 and temperature capture. Take the device 40 for monitoring, and judge and transmit the appropriate cooling control parameters through the macro program unit 21; the first communication module 22 is an I/O module for connecting to the spindle cooling system 50;
该温度传感器30是对综合加工机10的主轴单元11进行感测温度的感应装置，其装设于该综合加工机10的主轴单元11热量发生的位置，用以量测该综合加工机10的主轴单元11的温度，并能将所测得的温度信号回馈给下述的温度撷取装置40；The temperature sensor 30 is an inductive device for sensing the temperature of the spindle unit 11 of the comprehensive processing machine 10. It is installed at the position where the heat of the spindle unit 11 of the comprehensive processing machine 10 occurs, and is used to measure the temperature of the comprehensive processing machine 10. The temperature of the spindle unit 11, and the measured temperature signal can be fed back to the following temperature acquisition device 40;
该温度撷取装置40是用于读取温度信号的装置，其与上述该温度传感器30及该控制器装置20构成连接，用以撷取该温度传感器30所测得的温度信号，其包含有单芯片的处理及运算，用来作数字转换及过滤噪声干扰，以获得正确的温度数据；The temperature acquisition device 40 is a device for reading a temperature signal, which is connected to the above-mentioned temperature sensor 30 and the controller device 20, and used to capture the temperature signal measured by the temperature sensor 30, which includes Single-chip processing and calculation are used for digital conversion and filtering noise interference to obtain correct temperature data;
该主轴冷却系统50是设置于该综合加工机10的周边设备，其包含一用于存储冷却液的冷却液存储单元51，一连通该冷却液存储单元51用于汲取的冷却液汲取单元52(泵浦)，一个或一个以上连通该冷却液汲取单元52与上述该主轴单元11的管路53，及一连接该冷却液汲取单元52的第二通信模块54，该第二通信模块54为一种I/O模块，并连接上述该控制器装置20的第一通信模块22，藉此用以被该控制器装置20控制，将冷却液输送到该主轴单元11，将该主轴单元11运转所产生的热量带出，并控制在所设定的温度范围内，以达成有效降低主轴温升及避免主轴热量传至头部铸件，而影响加工精度。The spindle cooling system 50 is a peripheral device arranged on the integrated processing machine 10, which includes a coolant storage unit 51 for storing coolant, and a coolant pumping unit 52 connected to the coolant storage unit 51 for drawing ( pump), one or more pipelines 53 connecting the coolant pumping unit 52 and the above-mentioned spindle unit 11, and a second communication module 54 connected to the coolant pumping unit 52, the second communication module 54 is a A kind of I/O module, and connected to the first communication module 22 of the above-mentioned controller device 20, so as to be controlled by the controller device 20, to deliver the coolant to the spindle unit 11, and to operate the spindle unit 11 The generated heat is taken out and controlled within the set temperature range to effectively reduce the temperature rise of the spindle and prevent the heat from the spindle from being transferred to the head casting, which will affect the machining accuracy.
通过上述该控制器装置20、温度传感器30、温度撷取装置40及主轴冷却系统50等装置与综合加工机10的主轴单元11配置，并参阅图2及图3所示，其整体冷却控制技术执行的步骤式为：The controller device 20, the temperature sensor 30, the temperature acquisition device 40, the spindle cooling system 50 and other devices are configured with the spindle unit 11 of the comprehensive processing machine 10, and as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the overall cooling control technology The steps to execute are:
(a)启动宏程序单元21；(a) start the macro program unit 21;
(b)撷取温度与转速信号：由该温度传感器30撷取该综合加工机10的主轴单元11转动时所产生的温度信号，并回馈至该温度撷取装置40；通过该温度撷取装置40将温度信号作数字转换及过滤噪声干扰，以获得该控制器装置20可读取的正确温度数据，并传送至控制器装置20中；(b) Acquisition of temperature and rotational speed signals: the temperature signal generated when the spindle unit 11 of the integrated processing machine 10 rotates is acquired by the temperature sensor 30, and fed back to the temperature acquisition device 40; through the temperature acquisition device 40 digitally converting the temperature signal and filtering noise interference to obtain correct temperature data that can be read by the controller device 20, and send it to the controller device 20;
(c)判断转速条件与主轴升温：该控制器装置20内建的宏程序单元21会以当时该综合加工机10的主轴单元11运作的转速(rpm)，判断出主轴转速坐落的范围区段，配合温度数据判断主轴升温的程度；(c) Judgment of rotational speed conditions and spindle temperature rise: the built-in macro program unit 21 of the controller device 20 will determine the range section where the spindle rotational speed is located based on the rotational speed (rpm) of the spindle unit 11 of the comprehensive processing machine 10 at that time , with the temperature data to judge the degree of spindle temperature rise;
(d)判断当时主轴冷却参数：该宏程序单元21判断目前转速区间所产生的主轴温度是否落在限定的温升范围，若是的话，可维持使用原冷却控制参数；(d) Judging the current spindle cooling parameters: the macro program unit 21 judges whether the spindle temperature generated in the current rotation speed range falls within the limited temperature rise range, and if so, the original cooling control parameters can be maintained;
(e)挑选出新的冷却参数：当主轴温度超出温升范围时，该宏程序单元21根据当时转速条件与温升范围自动计算出合适的冷却控制参数；(e) Select new cooling parameters: when the spindle temperature exceeds the temperature rise range, the macro program unit 21 automatically calculates the appropriate cooling control parameters according to the current speed conditions and temperature rise range;
(f)将新的冷却参数传至主轴冷却系统：即由该控制器装置20把新的冷却控制参数经由该第一通信模块22传递给该主轴冷却系统50的第二通信模块54；(f) transmitting new cooling parameters to the spindle cooling system: that is, the controller device 20 transmits new cooling control parameters to the second communication module 54 of the spindle cooling system 50 via the first communication module 22;
(g)变更冷却控制参数并运作：该第二通信模块54接收冷却控制参数后，进一步控制该冷却液汲取单元52进行更换冷却控制参数，藉此输送适合的冷却液到主轴单元11进行冷却(主轴热交换)，使该综合加工机10的主轴单元11能够维持良好加工精度。(g) Change the cooling control parameters and operate: after the second communication module 54 receives the cooling control parameters, it further controls the coolant pumping unit 52 to replace the cooling control parameters, thereby delivering suitable coolant to the spindle unit 11 for cooling ( spindle heat exchange), so that the spindle unit 11 of the comprehensive processing machine 10 can maintain good machining accuracy.
本发明综合加工机主轴系统适应性冷却控制装置及方法，是利用该控制器装置20内建的宏程序单元21所撰写的判断程序，把综合加工机10在加工程序运作中所撷取到主轴温度与转速信号，来判断目前转速区间所产生的主轴温度是否落在限定的温升范围，若是的话，可维持使用此冷却控制参数；若超出范围的话，会自动计算出合适的冷却参数并将此参数传送到主轴冷却系统作参数变更。The comprehensive processing machine spindle system adaptive cooling control device and method of the present invention utilizes the judgment program written by the macro program unit 21 built in the controller device 20 to capture the spindle in the processing program operation of the comprehensive processing machine 10 Temperature and speed signals to determine whether the spindle temperature generated by the current speed range falls within the limited temperature rise range. If so, this cooling control parameter can be maintained; if it exceeds the range, it will automatically calculate the appropriate cooling parameter and This parameter is sent to the spindle cooling system for parameter change.
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.
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