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CN108335028B - A Mechanism Reliability Allocation Method Comprehensively Considering Product Composition and Function - Google Patents

A Mechanism Reliability Allocation Method Comprehensively Considering Product Composition and Function Download PDF

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CN108335028B
CN108335028B CN201810078619.2A CN201810078619A CN108335028B CN 108335028 B CN108335028 B CN 108335028B CN 201810078619 A CN201810078619 A CN 201810078619A CN 108335028 B CN108335028 B CN 108335028B
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张玉刚
宋笔锋
喻天翔
杨朝晖
孙中超
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Abstract

本发明属于机械产品可靠性设计与分析领域，尤其涉及一种综合考虑产品组成及功能的机构可靠性分配方法。此方法考虑了产品工作环境载荷分散性和产品本身结构参数分散性的影响，在此基础上，根据产品各组成部件和功能的复杂度、危害度，确定各部分的分配权重。该方法不需要迭代，计算量小，可通过考虑更多的影响因素来扩展此方法，比如考虑加工制造成本、研制周期等。通过该方法得到的产品各功能的可靠度，可直接通过功能函数进行产品设计，具有十分重要的工程应用价值。

Figure 201810078619

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical product reliability design and analysis, and in particular relates to a mechanism reliability distribution method that comprehensively considers product composition and function. This method considers the influence of the product's working environment load dispersion and the product's own structural parameter dispersion. On this basis, according to the complexity and hazard degree of each component and function of the product, the distribution weight of each part is determined. This method does not require iteration and requires less computation. It can be extended by considering more influencing factors, such as processing and manufacturing costs, development cycle, and so on. The reliability of each function of the product obtained by this method can be directly used for product design through the function function, which has very important engineering application value.

Figure 201810078619

Description

Mechanism reliability distribution method comprehensively considering product composition and function
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of reliability design and analysis of mechanical products, and particularly relates to a mechanism reliability distribution method comprehensively considering product composition and functions.
Background
At present, reliability distribution methods for electronic products and mechanical structure products are basically mature, and scholars at home and abroad propose a large number of classical methods, such as a scoring distribution method, an analytic hierarchy process, an AGEE distribution method, a structural reliability distribution design method based on stress-intensity interference and the like. If the equipment is an electronic product, a reliability model is generally established firstly, then reliability indexes are distributed to each component, then the fault mode of each component is analyzed to obtain the reliability of each component, and then the reliability of the system is evaluated according to the reliability model; if the equipment composition is mainly a mechanical structure, the possible failure modes of different structures, such as static strength failure, dynamic strength failure, fatigue/fracture failure, environmental strength failure and the like, are generally directly analyzed, a reliability model is established for each possible failure mode, reliability indexes are distributed, and the whole structure system under the failure modes can meet the corresponding reliability requirements.
However, when the above-mentioned classical method is applied to the distribution of products including moving mechanisms in the prior art, the problem often occurs that the structural composition of the product does not fail, but the product cannot realize the predetermined function at this time. For example, after the airplane cabin door lock mechanism is used for a period of time, the problems that the cabin door cannot be locked after being closed or the unlocking process is blocked and the like often occur, and all components of the cabin door lock have no fault during maintenance. The reason for this is that when a product including a mechanism is subjected to reliability assignment by using a classical reliability assignment method, only the influence of mechanism component parts on reliability is considered, and the influence of the overall function of the mechanism on the reliability of the product is not considered.
At present, some related researches are carried out based on the problems, for example, liboo and the like propose a reliability allocation method (CN 103440419) combining a fault tree and an analytic hierarchy process, and the reliability allocation is carried out in a layered manner by utilizing the fault tree and a minimum cut set, so that the reliability allocation method is suitable for the reliability allocation problem of system-level products; chenshangchen, etc. for the system with common cause failure, a reliability allocation method (CN 104268432) based on fault tree analysis is provided, and by combining with an expert knowledge base, the constrained reliability allocation can be carried out on the complex system with common cause failure; zhang Yi people and so on based on FMEA third order transfer function and Copula function have proposed the reliability used for NC machine tool and synthesized the distribution method (CN 104992011), this method has considered system composition and failure mode, frequency of failure, failure severity and so on many distribution indexes and fault correlation, this method can solve the complicated system reliability distribution problem comprising relevant failure; for the aspect of reliability distribution of products containing mechanisms, Chen Guassian and the like propose a reliability distribution method (CN 104298794) aiming at an engine crank link mechanism, wherein the reliability distribution method is gradually distributed according to the reliability importance degree of each component of the mechanism, the distribution result is the reliability of each component of the engine crank link mechanism, and the influence of the whole function of the mechanism on the reliability is not considered in the distribution method.
However, for the mechanism products with functional reliability requirements, the above-mentioned research method still cannot overcome the limitation of the reliability index distribution method, so it is necessary to provide an effective and feasible reliability distribution design method in the reliability design link in the design and development process, so that the influence of the product composition and the functional requirements on the product reliability is comprehensively considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is used for mechanical products with moving mechanisms, corresponding initial design schemes and reliability indexes to be distributed exist, and under the constraint of corresponding environmental loads and working loads, the technical problem that structural composition of the mechanical products does not break down, but the mechanism cannot realize preset functions is solved.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a mechanism reliability distribution method comprehensively considering product composition and functions, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting target reliability of products to be subjected to reliability index distribution
Figure GDA0001603870400000021
Determining the structural composition and the functional requirements of the product, and determining the number of the components and the functional number according to the composition and the functional requirements;
step 2, determining the failure modes of all the components and the failure severity S of all the failure modesijDegree of occurrence of failure Oij，
Step 3, calculating the component severity s of each component partiComponent occurrence degree oi；
Step 4, determining the working environment conditions E of all the componentsiManufacturing technology level Mi；
Step 5, calculating the relative load dispersity L of each componentsRiComplexity IiAnd degree of harmfulness Ci；
Step 6, determining the failure severity S of each function of the productkDegree of occurrence of failure Ok；
Step 7, calculating the complexity I of each function of the productkAnd degree of harmfulness Ck；
Step 8, synthesizing product composition and function, normalizing each componentComplexity of parts and functions IrAnd degree of harmfulness Cr；
Step 9, calculating the reliability distribution weight omega of each component and function of the productr；
Step 10, establishing a product reliability calculation model;
step 11, distributing weight omega according to reliability calculation model and reliabilityrCalculating the reliability R of each component and functionr；
And step 12, verifying the product reliability index based on the product reliability calculation model.
Specifically, the step 1 of setting the target reliability of the product to be subjected to the reliability index distribution
Figure GDA0001603870400000032
The method mainly comprises two methods, one is to directly adopt the reliability index requirement proposed by a user, and the other is to propose the reliability level target of the product according to the existing reliability level and the future requirement of similar products. The functional influencing factors are generally the design parameters of the components of the product, such as the length of the rod, the aperture and the like, or the matching parameters of the components, such as the clearance of the kinematic pair, the coaxiality and the like.
In particular, the severity of failure S in step 2ijAnd degree of occurrence of failure OijAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value represents a more serious or likely failure outcome.
Specifically, the component severity s of each component part in step 3iThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000031
wherein: exp () is an exponential function, with the aim of converting a linear failure severity score into a non-linear form, as the greater the failure severity, the greater the difference between the different levels.
Figure GDA0001603870400000033
The maximum failure severity of the product component i is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000046
wherein: n is the number of failure modes contained in the product component i.
Degree of component occurrence of each component part oiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000041
in particular, the working environment condition E of step 4iRepresenting the environment severity of the subsystem in operation, and a value range Ei∈(0.0，1.0]The worse the environment, the larger the score. Manufacturing technology level MiRepresents the advanced level of the technology adopted by the processing and manufacturing of products, and has a value range Mi∈(0.0，1.0]The dispersion of the structural properties of the product can be reduced by adopting an advanced processing and manufacturing technology, namely the score is smaller.
Specifically, the load relative dispersibility L in step 5sRiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000042
the complexity IiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000043
wherein: n isiIs the number of constituent units included in the constituent element i.
Degree of damage CiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000044
specifically, the severity of failure S in step 6kAnd the degree of occurrence of failure OkAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value represents a more serious or likely failure outcome.
Specifically, the complexity I of each function of the product is calculated in step 7kThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Ik＝nk
wherein: n iskThe number of influencing factors is included for function k.
The degree of harmfulness C of each function of the productkThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000045
specifically, the normalization in step 8 processes the complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness CrThe formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000051
Figure GDA0001603870400000052
wherein: n is the number of the component parts contained in the product, m is the number of the functions contained in the product, and the component parts and the functions of the product are integrated when the normalized complexity and the hazard degree are calculated.
Specifically, the reliability distribution weight ω of each component and function of the product is calculated in step 9rThe formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000053
specifically, the calculation method for establishing the product reliability calculation model in step 10 is as follows,
the reliability calculation formula for the series system is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000054
the reliability calculation formula for the parallel system is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000055
specifically, the target reliability of the product is determined in step 11
Figure GDA0001603870400000056
And assigning a weight ωrSubstituting the above reliability calculation formula to calculate the reliability R of each component and each function distribution of the productr。
Specifically, in step 12, the reliability R of each component and function of the product is determinedrAnd verifying the product reliability index in the reliability model calculation formula.
The invention is based on the technical scheme of the mechanism reliability distribution method comprehensively considering the product composition and the function, and solves the problems that the structural composition of the product does not fail but the product cannot realize the preset function because only the product composition is considered in the existing system reliability distribution method. The method considers the influence of the load dispersity of the working environment of the product and the dispersity of the structural parameters of the product, and determines the distribution weight of each part according to the complexity and the hazard degree of each component and each function of the product on the basis. The method does not need iteration, has small calculation amount, and can be expanded by considering more influence factors, such as processing and manufacturing cost, development period and the like. The reliability of each function of the product obtained by the method can be directly designed by the function, and the method has very important engineering application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the reliability assignment method of the present invention that considers product composition and function;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical components of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principal components of the mechanism of one embodiment of the present invention;
1-single lock body; 2-an oil cavity seal assembly; 3-a piston rod assembly; 4-a linkage assembly; 5-a rocker arm assembly; 6-a latch hook assembly; 7-single lock cantilever; 8-rocker arm; 9-connecting rod pull rod; 10-rocker arm pull rod; 11-a latch hook; 12-a connecting rod; 13-Single Lock arm.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a reliability allocation method considering product composition and functions according to the present invention, which includes the following steps:
step 1, setting target reliability of products to be subjected to reliability index distribution
Figure GDA0001603870400000061
Determining the structural composition and the functional requirements of the product, and determining the number of the components and the functional number according to the composition and the functional requirements;
step 2, determining the failure modes of all the components and the failure severity S of all the failure modesijDegree of occurrence of failure Oij，
Step 3, calculating the component severity s of each component partiComponent occurrence degree oi；
Step 4, determining the working environment conditions E of all the componentsiManufacturing technology level Mi；
Step 5, calculating the relative load dispersity L of each componentsRiComplexity IiAnd degree of harmfulness Ci；
Step 6, determining the failure severity S of each function of the productkDegree of occurrence of failure Ok；
Step 7, calculating the complexity I of each function of the productkAnd degree of harmfulness Ck；
Step 8, synthesizing product composition and function, normalizing complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness Cr；
Step 9, calculating the reliability distribution weight omega of each component and function of the productr；
Step 10, establishing a product reliability calculation model;
step 11, distributing weight omega according to reliability calculation model and reliabilityrCalculating the reliability R of each component and functionr；
And step 12, verifying the product reliability index based on the product reliability calculation model.
Specifically, the step 1 of setting the target reliability of the product to be subjected to the reliability index distribution
Figure GDA0001603870400000073
The method mainly comprises two methods, one is to directly adopt the reliability index requirement proposed by a user, and the other is to propose the reliability level target of the product according to the existing reliability level and the future requirement of similar products. The functional influencing factors are generally the design parameters of the components of the product, such as the length of the rod, the aperture and the like, or the matching parameters of the components, such as the clearance of the kinematic pair, the coaxiality and the like.
In particular, the severity of failure S in step 2ijAnd degree of occurrence of failure OijAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value represents a more serious or likely failure outcome.
Specifically, the component severity s of each component part in step 3iThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000071
wherein: exp () is an exponential function, with the aim of converting a linear failure severity score into a non-linear form, as the greater the failure severity, the greater the difference between the different levels.
Figure GDA0001603870400000072
Is the most important of the product component iThe calculation formula of the large failure severity is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000081
wherein: n is the number of failure modes contained in the product component i.
Degree of component occurrence of each component part oiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000082
in particular, the working environment condition E of step 4iRepresenting the environment severity of the subsystem in operation, and a value range Ei∈(0.0，1.0]The worse the environment, the larger the score. Manufacturing technology level MiRepresents the advanced level of the technology adopted by the processing and manufacturing of products, and has a value range Mi∈(0.0，1.0]The dispersion of the structural properties of the product can be reduced by adopting an advanced processing and manufacturing technology, namely the score is smaller.
Specifically, the load relative dispersibility L in step 5sRiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000083
the complexity IiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000084
wherein: n isiIs the number of constituent units included in the constituent element i.
Degree of damage CiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000085
specifically, the severity of failure S in step 6kAnd the degree of occurrence of failure OkAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value represents a more serious or likely failure outcome.
Specifically, the complexity I of each function of the product is calculated in step 7kThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Ik＝nk (7)
wherein: n iskThe number of influencing factors is included for function k.
The degree of harmfulness C of each function of the productkThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000086
specifically, the normalization in step 8 processes the complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness CrThe formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000091
Figure GDA0001603870400000092
wherein: n is the number of the component parts contained in the product, m is the number of the functions contained in the product, and the component parts and the functions of the product are integrated when the normalized complexity and the hazard degree are calculated.
Specifically, the reliability distribution weight ω of each component and function of the product is calculated in step 9rThe formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000093
specifically, the calculation method for establishing the product reliability calculation model in step 10 is as follows,
the reliability calculation formula for the series system is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000094
the reliability calculation formula for the parallel system is as follows:
Figure GDA0001603870400000095
specifically, the target reliability of the product is determined in step 11
Figure GDA0001603870400000096
And assigning a weight ωrSubstituting into the formula (12) or (13), calculating the reliability R of each component and each function distribution of the productr。
Specifically, in step 12, the reliability R of each component and function of the product is determinedrAnd (3) verifying the product reliability index in the reliability model calculation formula (12) or (13).
In another embodiment, an aircraft door lock mechanism is illustrated in fig. 2 and 3. The lock mechanism comprises 6 components such as a single lock body, an oil cavity sealing component, a piston pull rod component, a connecting rod component, a rocker arm component and a lock hook component, wherein each component comprises a plurality of parts, and the product comprises 50 parts. The lock mainly has two functions of locking and unlocking, and factors influencing the locking and unlocking functions include the length of a single lock cantilever 7, the length of a rocker 8, the length of a connecting rod pull rod 9, the length of a rocker pull rod 10, the length of a lock hook 11, the action displacement of a connecting rod 12, the length of a single lock arm 13, and the clearance of 6 revolute pairs and 1 revolute pair formed by the connection of the single lock arm and the single lock arm.
Step 1, target reliability of lock mechanism
Figure GDA0001603870400000101
The product has 6 components and 2 functional requirements, and the number of the components and the number of the functions are shown in a 3 rd column of a table 1.
Step 2, determining the failure modes of all the components and the failure severity S of all the failure modes according to the FMEA analysis result of the lock mechanismijDegree of occurrence of failure OijSee columns 4-6 of Table 1.
Step 3, according to the failure severity S of each failure modeijDegree of occurrence of failure OijCalculating component severity s of each component partiComponent occurrence degree oiSee columns 7-8 of Table 1.
And 4, determining the working environment conditions, the processing and manufacturing technology and other factor levels of all the components, and referring to columns 9-10 in the table 1.
Step 5, calculating the relative load dispersity L of each componentsRiComplexity IiAnd degree of harmfulness CiSee columns 4-6 of Table 2.
Step 6, determining the failure severity S of each function of the productkDegree of occurrence of failure OkThe levels of these factors are shown in columns 5-6 of Table 1.
Step 7, calculating the complexity I of each function of the productkAnd degree of harmfulness CkThe results are shown in columns 5 to 6 of Table 2.
Step 8, synthesizing product composition and function, normalizing complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness CrThe results are shown in columns 7 to 8 of Table 2.
Step 9, calculating the reliability distribution weight omega of each component and function of the productrThe results are shown in Table 2, column 9.
And step 10, establishing a product reliability calculation model by using a series system.
Rs＝R1·R2·R3·R4·R5·R6·R7·R8
Step 11, distributing weight omega according to reliability calculation model and reliabilityrAs a result, the reliability R of each component and function is calculatedr See column 10 of table 2.
And step 12, verifying the product reliability index based on the product reliability calculation model.
Rs＝0.995
Failure of the unlock release function of the lock mechanism can have very serious consequences and therefore a high degree of reliability needs to be assigned to ensure the overall reliability level of the lock mechanism. When the traditional reliability allocation method is used, because the reliability influence of the function on the lock mechanism is ignored, although the design can ensure that all components of the lock mechanism are in a higher reliability level, the problem of unlocking/locking clamping stagnation which often occurs can not be avoided, and along with the increase of service time, the functional fault which can not be unlocked is very easily caused. The distribution method makes designers consider the problem of functional reliability in the development process of the lock by proposing the reliability requirement on the corresponding function of the lock mechanism, thereby improving the overall reliability level of the lock mechanism.
TABLE 1 reliability assignment influence factor Table
Figure GDA0001603870400000111
TABLE 2 reliability assignment weight calculation Table
Figure GDA0001603870400000112
Figure GDA0001603870400000121
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

1. A method for assigning reliability to a facility taking into account the composition and function of the product, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, setting target reliability of products to be subjected to reliability index distribution
Figure FDA0001560326830000011
Determining the structural composition and the functional requirements of the product, and determining the number of the components and the functional number according to the composition and the functional requirements;
step 2, determining the failure modes of all the components and the failure severity S of all the failure modesijDegree of occurrence of failure Oij；
Step 3, calculating the component severity s of each component partiComponent occurrence degree oi；
Step 4, determining the working environment conditions E of all the componentsiManufacturing technology level Mi；
Step 5, calculating the relative load dispersity L of each componentsRiComplexity IiAnd degree of harmfulness Ci；
Step 6, determining the failure severity S of each function of the productkDegree of occurrence of failure Ok；
Step 7, calculating the complexity I of each function of the productkAnd degree of harmfulness Ck；
Step 8, synthesizing product composition and function, normalizing complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness Cr；
Step 9, calculating the reliability distribution weight omega of each component and function of the productr；
Step 10, establishing a product reliability calculation model;
step 11, distributing weight omega according to reliability calculation model and reliabilityrCalculating the reliability R of each component and functionr；
And step 12, verifying the product reliability index based on the product reliability calculation model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the setting is to be performedTarget reliability of products for reliability index assignment
Figure FDA0001560326830000012
The method comprises the following two methods: one is to adopt the reliability index requirement proposed by the user, and the other is to propose the reliability level target of the product according to the existing reliability level and the future requirement of the similar product.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the severity of failure SijAnd degree of occurrence of failure OijAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value represents a more serious or likely failure outcome.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the component severity s of each component partiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000021
wherein: exp () is an exponential function that,
Figure FDA0001560326830000022
is the maximum severity of failure of the product component i,
Figure FDA0001560326830000023
the calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000024
wherein: n is the number of failure modes contained in the product component i;
degree of component occurrence o of the respective component partsiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000025
5. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the operating environment condition EiRepresenting the environment severity of the subsystem in operation, and a value range Ei∈(0.0,1.0]The worse the environment is, EiThe larger the score; the manufacturing technology level MiRepresents the advanced level of the technology adopted by the processing and manufacturing of products, and has a value range Mi∈(0.0,1.0]The more advanced the processing and manufacturing technology, the more advanced MiThe smaller the score.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the relative load spread L issRiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000026
the complexity IiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000027
wherein: n isiThe number of component units included in the component i;
degree of damage CiThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000028
7. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 6, said failure severity SkAnd the degree of occurrence of failure OkAll values of (1) and (10)]A larger value indicates a more severe failure orThe greater the probability of occurrence.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 7, the complexity I of each function of the product is calculatedkThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Ik＝nk
wherein: n iskThe function k contains the number of influencing factors;
calculating the degree of harm C of each function of the productkThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000031
9. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 8, the normalization processes the complexity I of each component and functionrAnd degree of harmfulness CrThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000032
Figure FDA0001560326830000033
wherein: n is the number of component parts included in the product, and m is the number of functions included in the product.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 9, the reliability of each component and function of the product is calculated to assign a weight ωrThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000034
11. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 10, the method for establishing the product reliability calculation model comprises the following steps:
for a series system, the reliability calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000041
for a parallel system, the reliability calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001560326830000042
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