CN108292009A - Using the distributed fiberoptic sensor and system of multicore fiber - Google Patents
Using the distributed fiberoptic sensor and system of multicore fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12138—Sensor
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Abstract
A kind of fibre optical sensor comprising：Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction at in the about wavelength of 300 2000nm with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and also define transmission end, scattering end, fiber outer diameter and about 10m to about 100km fiber lengths.Optical fiber includes：Multiple fibre cores, the multiple fibre core have core diameter and composition of equal value；And covering, the covering are limited by fiber outer diameter and surround fibre core.Optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, and to limit conical section, the conical section is characterized by conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter, and the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and core diameter.In addition, after the transmission end of optical fiber will inject fibre core from the light in single source, the transmission end of optical fiber shows the total backscatter signal launched from fibre core.
Description
The application is according to 35U.S.C. § 119, it is desirable that the U.S. Provisional Application Ser the 62/th that on November 19th, 2015 submits
257, No. 375 priority, it is herein based on this application and its full text is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
Present disclose relates generally to distributed fiberoptic sensors and fiber optic sensor system.More specifically, this disclosure relates to
Using this kind of sensor and sensing system of multicore fiber, relies on Rayleigh scattering mechanism and sensed.
Technical background
The distributed fiberoptic sensor for relying on Rayleigh scattering and system are used for many applications, including but not limited to, structure
Health monitoring (SHM), geotechnical engineering, power line, oil and natural gas pipeline and oil and natural gas welding.Specifically,
These sensors and system may be used Rayleigh scattering mechanism and come measuring temperature, pressure, strain, sound wave and other parameters, space
Resolution ratio is less than 1m.
The conventional method for relying on Rayleigh scattering uses telecommunication grade fibers usually in distributed fiberoptic sensor and system,
(for example, temperature, pressure, strain etc.) is measured to obtain these.The distributed fiberoptic sensor and system for relying on this type optical fiber are deposited
In many disadvantages.For example, transmitting signal optical power can by optical fiber Low threshold and nonlinear effect limited.As
As a result, the signal of scattering is typically low, especially for the fiber distal end far from transmission end.As another example, this
Decaying in a little optical fiber can also limit the scattered signal intensity of fiber distal end, especially for the optical fiber for spanning tens of kms
Speech.In addition, the optical power being configured in the telecommunication grade fibers of single mode operation is typically low, this is because this type optical fiber
Small numerical aperture caused by.All these influences are tended to reduce and the conventional distributed light using telecommunication grade fibers
Fiber sensor and the relevant signal-to-noise ratio of system.
As the distributed fiberoptic sensor for relying on optical fiber and Rayleigh scattering mechanism is constantly used for various applications (for example, rock
Geotechnological journey, power line etc.), in increasingly longer distance, the use of these sensors and system is finally by the effective of them
The limitation of property.
Accordingly, there exist the distributions using optical fiber for that can transmit optical signalling with smaller loss and compared with high s/n ratio
The demand of fibre optical sensor and fiber optic sensor system.More specifically, exist for the distributed light using multicore fiber
The demand of fiber sensor and sensing system relies on Rayleigh scattering mechanism, and (tens of km magnitudes are especially in certain distance
Very in long range) there is higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Invention content
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a kind of fibre optical sensor is provided comprising：Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction at
For in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and also define transmission end, scattering end,
Fiber outer diameter and fiber lengths.Optical fiber includes：Multiple fibre cores, the multiple fibre core have (equivalent) fibre core of equal value straight
Diameter and composition；And covering, the covering are limited by fiber outer diameter and surround the multiple fibre core.In addition, optical fiber exists
Transmission end becomes narrow gradually, and to limit conical section, the conical section passes through conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter table
Sign, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and core diameter.
A kind of fibre optical sensor another aspect of the present disclosure provides comprising：Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction
At for, with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and also defining transmission end, scattering in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm
It holds, the fiber lengths of fiber outer diameter and about 10m to about 100km.Optical fiber includes：Multiple fibre cores, the multiple fibre core have
(equivalent) core diameter and composition of equal value；And covering, the covering are limited by fiber outer diameter and surround institute
State multiple fibre cores.In addition, optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, to limit conical section, the conical section passes through conical fiber
Overall diameter and taper core diameter characterization, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter
And core diameter.In addition, optical fiber transmission end will after the light in single source injects fibre core, the transmission end of optical fiber show from
Total backscatter signal that fibre core is launched.
In terms of these arbitrary fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber can be configured to 2-100 fibre core, they have
Core diameter and composition of equal value.Other multicore fibers construction using 2-50 fibre core, 2-40 fibre core, 2-30 fibre core,
Arbitrary fibre core quantity between 2-20 fibre core, 2-10 fibre core, 2-5 fibre core and these specific ranges.
In some practice modes in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber is configured so that straight outside conical fiber
Diameter and taper core diameter, which are respectively relative in the non-tapered section of optical fiber corresponding fiber outer diameter and core diameter, to be reduced
1% to 95%.In addition, conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter can reduce about 1%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%,
75%, 90%, 95%, and in certain practice modes, all percentages between these specific percentages.
In other practice modes in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber is configured so that its length range about
For 10m to about 100km.In addition, fiber lengths can set it is as follows, about：10m、20m、30m、40m、50m、60m、70m、
80m、90m、100m、150m、200m、250m、300m、350m、400m、450m、500m、550m、600m、650m、700m、
750m、800m、850m、900m、950m、1km、5km、10km、15km、20km、25km、30km、35km、40km、45km、
50km, 55km, 60km, 65km, 70km, 75km, 80km, 85km, 90km, 95km, 100km, and in certain practice modes,
All length value between these specific length.
In other practice modes in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber is configured so that its fibre core-fibre core
Spacing is at least 10 microns, and fibre core-fibre core spacing is defined as the center of each fibre core to the distance at the center of adjacent fibre core.Another
In one practice mode, fibre core-fibre core spacing is set as at least 20 microns.In addition, for more in terms of these fibre optical sensors
Doped core optical fiber can be configured to have following fibre core-fibre core spacing, about：0 micron, 5 microns, 10 microns, 15 microns, it is 20 micro-
Rice, 25 microns, 30 microns, 35 microns, 40 microns, 45 microns, 50 microns, 55 microns, 60 microns, 65 microns, 70 microns, it is 75 micro-
It is all between rice, 80 microns, 85 microns, 90 microns, 95 microns, 100 microns and these specific fibre core-fibre core amount of separation
Distance values.
Change on fiber lengths in addition, some practice modes for the multicore fiber in terms of these sensors have
Fibre core-fibre core spacing no more than ± 1%.In addition, multicore fiber can have variation no more than ± 10%, ± 15%, ±
20%, ± 25%, ± 30%, ± 35%, ± 40%, ± 45%, ± 50% fibre core-fibre core spacing and these specific water
All changes value between flat.
In an embodiment in terms of these fibre optical sensors, the feature of multicore fiber can be, in light quilt
It is transferred into after the transmission end of optical fiber, crosstalk (crosstalk) is no more than about -55dB.In addition, according to these fibre optical sensors
Other practice modes of aspect, multicore fiber can be configured to crosstalk be no more than about -80dB, -50dB, -45dB, -40dB, -
In all crosstalks between 35dB, -30dB, -25dB, -20dB, -15dB, -10dB, -5dB, 0dB and these specific limit values
Limit.
In the another embodiment in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber may be configured so that the more of it
A fibre core includes one or more outermost fibre cores, is arranged according to about 1-200 microns of fibre core-covering spacing, fibre core-
Covering spacing is defined as the distance from the center of each outermost fibre core to fiber outer diameter.In addition, being used for these fibre optical sensors
The multicore fiber of aspect can be configured to have following fibre core-covering spacing, about：1 micron, 10 microns, 20 microns, it is 30 micro-
Rice, 40 microns, 50 microns, 75 microns, 100 microns, 125 microns, 150 microns, 175 microns, 200 microns and these are specific
All distance values between fibre core-covering amount of separation.
In another practice mode in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber may be configured so that its is multiple
Fibre core the transmission end of optical fiber be arranged and constructed into optical fiber the single light source for being about 1-100 microns from spot size receive into
Penetrate light.In addition, the multicore fiber in terms of these fibre optical sensors may be configured so that its multiple fibre core from such as
The single light source of lower spot size receives incident light, and the spot size is about：1 micron, 10 microns, 20 microns, 30 microns, it is 40 micro-
It is all between rice, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns, 90 microns, 100 microns and these specific spot sizes
Spot size.
According to another illustrative practice mode in terms of these fibre optical sensors, multicore fiber may be configured so that
It is more than from reference to single fiber core fibre in the signal-to-noise ratio for total back-scattered signal that the transmission end of multicore fiber is launched from fibre core
The signal-to-noise ratio of the back-scattered signal of acquisition.It is described not to be tapered with reference to single fiber core fibre in the practice mode, have
Fiber outer diameter identical with multicore fiber, core diameter, fibre core composition, covering composition and length.In addition, from more core lights
Total back-scattered signal that fine fibre core is launched can be more than with from the back-scattered signal phase obtained with reference to single fiber core fibre
The signal-to-noise ratio of pass, multiple are about 1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,5,5.5,6,6.5,7,7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5,10 times, this
All values between some specific multiples and even higher multiple, this substantially with the fibre core quantity in multicore fiber at than
Example.
A kind of fiber optic sensor system another aspect of the present disclosure provides comprising：Optical fiber, the optical fiber
Be configured in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and also define transmission end,
Scatter end, fiber outer diameter and fiber lengths.Optical fiber includes：Multiple fibre cores, the multiple fibre core have equivalence
(equivalent) core diameter and composition；And covering, the covering are limited by fiber outer diameter and around described more
A fibre core.In addition, optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, to limit conical section, the conical section passes through straight outside conical fiber
Diameter and taper core diameter characterization, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and fibre
Core diameter.Fiber optic sensor system further includes：Light source is configured to lead into the single-spot of incident light in optical fiber transmission end
The multiple fibre core in；Receiver is configured to receive total back-scattered signal, and total back-scattered signal is in optical fiber
Transmission end will launch from fibre core after single-spot injection fibre core；And signal inquires element, is configured to reversely believing
It number is processed, to obtain sensor measurement, the sensor measurement corresponds to close to optical fiber or the feature with optical fiber contact.
According to the other embodiment of fiber optic sensor system, the arbitrary aforementioned multicore fiber listed by the disclosure and light
Fiber sensor construction may be used to the system.In fiber optic sensor system in some terms, sensor measurement may include
One or more characteristic selected from the group below：Temperature, pressure, strain, displacement and noise.
In certain practice modes of fiber optic sensor system, system is configured to for monitoring of structures, power line, oil line
Or oil pipeline, gas line or gas line, carry waterline or carry water pipeline, ground, road, channel, water channel, reservoir, well or its
Health condition, integrality, performance and/or the characteristic of his Geotechnical properties.
Other feature and advantage of this paper are proposed in the following detailed description, Partial Feature and advantage therein are to this
For the technical staff in field, be easy for finding out according to being described, or by implement include described in detail below, right is wanted
It seeks the various embodiments described herein including book and attached drawing and is realized.
It should be understood that general description and following detailed description above is all only exemplary, for providing understanding
The property of claims and the overview of feature or frame.Appended attached drawing, which provides, to be further understood, and attached drawing is bonded to
In this specification and constitution instruction a part.One or more embodiments are illustrated, and together with verbal description
For explaining principle and the operation of each embodiment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration using the fibre optical sensor of 4 doped core optical fibers according to one aspect of the disclosure；
Figure 1A is the transverse sectional view of the fibre optical sensor of the non-tapered section of optical fiber shown in Fig. 1；
Figure 1B is the end view of the conical section of fibre optical sensor shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 is the perspective diagram using the fiber optic sensor system of 4 doped core optical fibers according to one aspect of the disclosure；
Fig. 2A is putting in the fibre core for the optical fiber for entering fiber optic sensor system shown in Fig. 2 from the incident light of light source-guide
Large end face schematic diagram；And
Fig. 2 B are the backscattered light signals emitted from the fibre core of the optical fiber of fiber optic sensor system shown in Fig. 2
Amplify end view.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of this paper is referred in detail below, and the example of these embodiments is shown in the accompanying drawings.As long as having
May, make that same or similar part is denoted by the same reference numerals in all the appended drawings.
It may be characterized as the distributed light that the dependence Rayleigh scattering mechanism of low signal loss and higher signal-to-noise ratio is sensed
Fiber sensor and fiber optic sensor system are listed by way of example in the disclosure.More specifically, the disclosure is described in detail
Using the distributed sensor and sensing system of the multicore fiber with conical transmission end.
Referring to Fig. 1,1A and 1B, fibre optical sensor 100 according to one aspect of the disclosure is shown.Fibre optical sensor 100
Including optical fiber 50, it is limited to length 52, fiber outer diameter 54, transmission end 10a and scattering end 10b.Optical fiber 50 further includes multiple
Fibre core 30.As shown in the exemplary approach of Fig. 1,1A and 1B, optical fiber 50 containing quantity be 4 fibre core 30.Optical fiber 50 further includes packet
Layer 40 around fibre core 30 and is limited to fibre diameter 54.
In some embodiments of fibre optical sensor 100, range that optical fiber 50 is limited to length 52 is about 10m to about
100km.In some embodiments, fiber lengths 52 can be set as follows, about：10m、20m、30m、40m、50m、60m、
70m、80m、90m、100m、150m、200m、250m、300m、350m、400m、450m、500m、550m、600m、650m、700m、
750m、800m、850m、900m、950m、1km、5km、10km、15km、20km、25km、30km、35km、40km、45km、
Between 50km, 55km, 60km, 65km, 70km, 75km, 80km, 85km, 90km, 95km, 100km and these specific length
All length value.In addition, other aspects of the disclosure include the optical fiber 50 that fiber lengths 52 are more than 100km, this is for optical fiber
Sensor 100 have less stringent signal-to-noise ratio and/or spatial resolution requirements (for example,>Some applications 1m) are feasible.
In certain aspects, the optical fiber 50 for being used for the fibre optical sensor 100 of the disclosure has about 40-1000 microns of light
Fine diameter 54.In addition, the optical fiber 50 in terms of these can be configured to have following fibre diameter 54, about：40 microns, 50
Micron, 75 microns, 100 microns, 150 microns, 200 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, 500 microns, 600 microns, 700 microns,
All diameters between 800 microns, 900 microns, 1000 microns and these specific diameters.
Referring again to Fig. 1,1A and 1B, optical fiber 50 (and more specifically, fibre core 30 and covering 40) is typically by dioxy
The manufacture of SiClx composition.In addition, optical fiber 50 (and more specifically, fibre core 30 and covering 40) be preferably configured as having it is various
Dopant level is enough to carry out single mode or the whole folding of few mould operation in about 300-2000nm wavelength to realize in a fiber
Penetrate rate distribution.In addition, fibre core 30 contained in optical fiber 50 is configured with core diameter 34 and composition basic of equal value or of equal value.
In certain aspects, fibre core 30 is doped with one or more dopants, to promote the refractive index of fibre core 30 (for example, GeO2).
In certain practice modes, covering 40 is doped with one or more dopants, to reduce the refractive index (for example, F) of covering.
As further shown in Fig. 1,1A and 1B, according to the practice mode of the optical fiber 100 of the disclosure, optical fiber 50 is configured so that
Its fibre core 30 is symmetrically arranged around the central shaft 80 of optical fiber.Moreover it is preferred that fibre core 30 is arranged in distance center axis 80 substantially etc.
Distance.For Figure 1A and 1B, optical fiber 50 may be configured so that fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 is about 0-100 microns.Fibre core-fibre core
Spacing 60 is defined as the distance from the center of each fibre core 30 to the center of adjacent fibre core 30.In a preferred aspect, in optical fiber
Using fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 more than or equal to 10 microns in 50.In another preferred aspect, in fibre optical sensor 100
Optical fiber 50 in using more than or equal to 20 microns of fibre core-fibre core spacing 60.In addition, in the disclosure in some terms, being used for
The optical fiber 50 of fibre optical sensor 100 can be configured to have following fibre core-fibre core spacing 60, about：0 micron, 5 microns, it is 10 micro-
Rice, 15 microns, 20 microns, 25 microns, 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns, 90 microns, 100
Micron, and all distance values between the amount of these specific fibre core-fibre core spacing 60.It should be understood that in adjacent fibre core 30
It can change with fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 between the opposite fibre core 30 that is separated by axis 80.These distances are not waited
Situation, fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 are those smaller in two values.
For the fibre optical sensor 100 using optical fiber 50, increasing fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 can reduce and by fibre core 30
The relevant degree of crosstalk of optical signalling of transmission.On the contrary, reducing fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 can advantageously ensure that from monochromatic light
The incident light in source is completely into each fibre core 30, and in covering and/or 50 outside of optical fiber is without appreciable loss.Based on these
Fibre core-fibre core spacing considers that an embodiment of fibre optical sensor 100 includes：Optical fiber 50 may be characterized as in light from optical fiber
Conical section 20a be transferred into after transmission end 10a, crosstalk be no more than about -55dB.In addition, according to fibre optical sensor 100
Other practice modes, optical fiber 50 can be configured to crosstalk be no more than about -60dB, -50dB, -40dB, -30dB, -20dB, -10dB,
All crosstalk upper limits between 0dB and these specific limit values.
Equally as shown in Fig. 1,1A and 1B, optical fiber 50 is configured so that its fibre core 30 has basic fibre core of equal value or of equal value
Diameter 34.In some aspects of the disclosure, the fibre core 30 of optical fiber 50 is configured with about 1-20 microns of core diameter 34.
Other aspects, it is preferable that the fibre core 30 of optical fiber 50 is configured with about 5-15 microns of core diameter 34.
According to some practice modes of fibre optical sensor 100, optical fiber 50 can have to be changed not in the length 52 of optical fiber
Fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 more than ± 1% and/or core diameter 34.In addition, optical fiber 50 can have variation be no more than ±
10%, ± 15%, ± 20%, ± 25%, ± 30%, ± 35%, ± 40%, ± 45%, ± 50% fibre core-fibre core spacing 60
And/or all changes value between core diameter 34 and these specific levels.It is not only restricted to theory, passes through fiber lengths 52
On controlled fibre core-fibre core spacing 60 and core diameter 34 change level, transmitted in the optical fiber 50 of fibre optical sensor 100
Back-scattered signal can confirm it is smaller be lost, higher signal-to-noise ratio and/or better spatial resolution.
In some embodiments of fibre optical sensor 100, it is 2-100 more that optical fiber 50, which can be configured to have range,
A optical fiber 30.Other constructions of optical fiber 50 may be used 2-50 fibre core, 2-40 fibre core, 2-30 fibre core, 2-20 fibre core,
Arbitrary fibre core quantity between 2-10 fibre core, 2-5 fibre core and these specific ranges.
As shown in Figure 1A, in the another embodiment of fibre optical sensor 100, optical fiber 50 may be configured so that it is more
A optical fiber 30 includes one or more outermost fibre cores 30, is arranged according to about 1-200 microns of fibre core-covering spacing 70
's.In addition, fibre core-covering spacing 70 is defined as the distance from the center of each outermost fibre core 30 to optical fiber most outer diameter 54.This
Outside, the optical fiber 50 for these 100 aspects of fibre optical sensor can be configured to have following fibre core-covering spacing 70, about：20
Micron, 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 75 microns, 100 microns, 125 microns, 150 microns, 175 microns, 200 microns, and
All distance values between these specific fibre core-covering spacing 70.
Referring again to Fig. 1 and 1B, optical fiber 50 is also tapered in transmission end 10a, to limit conical section 20；Thus, light
Fibre 50 further includes the non-tapered section 20 adjacent with conical section 20.In addition, conical section 20 has conical fiber overall diameter
14a is to reduce relative to the fiber outer diameter 54 in non-tapered section 20.Similarly, the fibre core 30 in conical section 20a
Taper core diameter 34a relative to the core diameter 34 in non-tapered section 20 be reduce.The tapered portion of optical fiber 50 as a result,
Point 20a may be characterized as conical fiber overall diameter 14a and taper core diameter 34a, their non-tapered section relative to optical fiber 50
Corresponding fiber outer diameter 54 and core diameter 34 reduce 1% to 95% in 20.In addition, in certain aspects, conical fiber
Overall diameter 14a and taper core diameter 34a can be relative to corresponding fiber outer diameter 54 in the non-tapered section 20 of optical fiber 50
About 1%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, 95% is reduced with core diameter 34, and in certain practice modes
In, all percentages between these specific percentages.
For the fibre optical sensor 100 of the disclosure, the characteristic that is tapered of optical fiber 50 is for promoting entering from single light source
It penetrates light and injects the multiple fibre core 30 and be advantageous.That is, at the transmission end 10a of the conical section 20a of optical fiber, come from
The spot pattern of single light source can be Chong Die with each fibre core 30 in optical fiber 50.Therefore, in a practice of fibre optical sensor 100
In mode, optical fiber 50 may be configured so that its multiple fibre core 30 is arranged and constructs in optical fiber in the transmission end 10a of optical fiber
Incident light is received at the single light source for being about 1-100 microns from spot size.In addition, other aspects for fibre optical sensor 100
Optical fiber 50 may be configured so that its multiple fibre core 30 from following spot size single light source receive incident light, the light
Spot size is about：1 micron, 10 microns, 20 microns, 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns, it is 90 micro-
All spot sizes between rice, 100 microns and these specific spot sizes.
Another provided that be tapered of optical fiber 50 is advantageous in that, at the transmission end 10a of the conical section 20a of optical fiber
Fibre core density increase, otherwise can not be by being realized in the non-tapered optical fiber end with identical fibre core quantity.By making
It obtains optical fiber 50 to be tapered, more fibre cores 30 can be placed in the given spot size from incident light source.Therefore, from
The optical signalling that light source is transferred into each fibre core 30 has basic time of equal value and same phase.Then it receives from each
The detector of the back-scattered signal of fibre core 30 can by these signals sum it up to increase the amplitude of back-scattered signal, without
Consider that random phase difference between fibre core 30 or other signal times are poor.Therefore, total for being emitted from fibre core 30
The characteristic of back-scattered signal, optical fiber 50 being tapered obtains lower signal-to-noise ratio, causes to apply for distributed sensing
Higher spatial resolution in fibre optical sensor 100.In addition, the technical staff in present disclosure field can construct optical fiber 50
At with certain amount of fibre core 30 with specific taper level, with adapt to selection for fibre optical sensor 100 single light source
Spot size.
Due to for alloing the technique that the optical fiber 50 in fibre optical sensor 100 is tapered proportionally that optical fiber is straight
It is fine without influencing that diameter 54 and core diameter 34 are reduced to conical fiber diameter 14a and taper core diameter 34a (referring to Fig. 1 and 1B)
Core 30 is compared with the relative spatial arrangement in short fiber length (for example, being less than 1m), it is believed that so that with the relevant letters of conical section 20a
Number loss minimize.In addition, fibre core-fibre core the spacing 60 made in the non-tapered section 20 of optical fiber 50 that is tapered proportionally
Taper fibre core-fibre core spacing the 60a being reduced in conical section 20a.Similarly, it is tapered and makes optical fiber 50 proportionally
Fibre core-covering spacing 70 in non-tapered section 20 is reduced to the taper fibre core in conical section 20a-covering spacing 70a.By
This, maintains fibre core-fibre core and fibre core-covering spatial relationship in the conical section 20a of optical fiber, causes related to being tapered
Optical signal loss minimize.
According to fibre optical sensor shown in Fig. 1,1A and 1B 100 illustrative practice mode, optical fiber 50 can construct
It is more than from reference to single core at the signal-to-noise ratio of total back-scattered signal that the transmission end 10a in optical fiber launches from fibre core 30 is made
The signal-to-noise ratio for the back-scattered signal that optical fiber obtains.It is described not to be tapered with reference to single fiber core fibre in the practice mode,
With fiber outer diameter identical with optical fiber 50, core diameter, fibre core composition, covering composition and length.In addition, from optical fiber 50
Total back-scattered signal that fibre core 30 is launched can be more than related to from the back-scattered signal obtained with reference to single fiber core fibre
Signal-to-noise ratio, multiple be at least about its 1.5.In some aspects, the total back-scattered signal launched from the fibre core 30 of optical fiber 50
Can be more than with from the relevant signal-to-noise ratio of back-scattered signal obtained with reference to single fiber core fibre, multiple be about 1.5,2,2.5,
3, all values between 3.5,4,5,5.5,6,6.5,7,7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5,10 times and these specific multiples.According to
The disclosure other aspect, may be implemented the even higher noise substantially proportional to the quantity of the fibre core 30 in optical fiber 50 because
Son is (that is, the back-scattered signal launched from optical fiber 50 is relative to from the backscattering noise gone out with reference to single core fibre optical transmission
Than for).
Referring again to Fig. 2,2A and 2B, the fibre optical sensor using optical fiber 50 according to another aspect of the disclosure is shown
System 200.Sensing system 200 includes optical fiber 50, is configured to the wavelength in about 300-2000nm, in single mode or few mould
A kind of operation.In addition, optical fiber 50 is limited by transmission end 10a, scattering end 10b and conical section 20a.In addition, for sensing
The optical fiber 50 of device system 200 includes multiple fibre cores 30, has core diameter of equal value and group along the covering 40 around fibre core 30
At.Unless otherwise stated, optical fiber 50 shown in Fig. 2,2A and 2B and its relevant element (for example, covering 40) are configured to
With with the same or analogous feature and function of optical fiber 50 shown in Fig. 1,1A and 1B.
Fiber optic sensor system 200 shown in Fig. 2,2A and 2B further includes light source 110, is configured to the transmission in optical fiber 50
10a is held, the single-spot 160 of incident light 150a is led into the multiple fibre core 30.As shown in Figure 2 A, optical fiber 110 generates tool
The optical signalling 150a for having spot size 160, at the transmission end 10a of the conical section 20a of optical fiber 50 with the end of fibre core 30
Portion is overlapped.By making optical fiber 50 be tapered, hot spot 160 can be Chong Die with each fibre core 30 in optical fiber 50, to ensure to note
Enter the optical signalling of fibre core time having the same and phase when the length of its transmission downwards by optical fiber.It is passed suitable for optical fiber
The light source 110 of sensor system 200 includes but not limited to：Adjustable laser, LED lamp source, semiconductor laser diode and laser two
Pole pipe.
Referring again to Fig. 2,2A and 2B, fiber optic sensor system 200 further includes receiver 110a, is configured to receive total anti-
To scattered signal 150d, total back-scattered signal 150d is in the incident light 150a from single-spot 160 in optical fiber
What 50 transmission end 10a was emitted after being injected into fibre core 30 from fibre core 30.If Fig. 2,2A and 2B are specifically shown, optical fiber
110 and receiver 110a is accommodated in the technology that in individual unit and signal 150a and 150d passes through present disclosure field
Personnel's mode to understand decouples.Those skilled in the art also will be understood that optical fiber 110 and receiver 110a can construct
At the separated unit in sensing system 200, corresponding optical signalling 150a and total back-scattered signal 150d are each handled.
Receiver 110a for fiber optic sensor system 200 may include photodetector, for example, diode assembly, monochromatic light diode
Or other arbitrary receivers of the objective function of receiver 110a in system 200 are suitably executed, this is present disclosure neck
What the technical staff in domain was understood.
Referring still to Fig. 2,2A and 2B, fiber optic sensor system 200 further includes signal inquiry element 120, with light source 110
It is connected with receiver 110a.Signal inquiry element 120 be configured to processing back-scattered signal 150d to obtain sensor measurement,
Corresponding to close to optical fiber 50 or the feature contacted with optical fiber 50.Suitable signal for fiber optic sensor system 200 is inquired
Element 120 include but not limited to capable of detecting of understanding of the technical staff in present disclosure field or the processing of arbitrary other modes with
Device, element and the component of 150 relevant signal amplitude of back-scattered signal, signal phase and/or signal frequency.
Equally as shown in Fig. 2,2A and 2B, fiber optic sensor system 200 can according to the disclosure in terms of constructed, with
Obtain the sensor measurement (for example, pressure reading) for corresponding to following feature (for example, close to step 300 of optical fiber 50).More
For body, light source 110 and optical fiber 50 in system 200 may be configured so that the hot spot 160 of incident light 150a generations in optical fiber
50 transmission end 10a is injected into the multiple fibre core 30 (referring to Figure 1A).Incident light 150a propagates logical towards scattering end 10b
Cross the fibre core 30 of optical fiber 50.According to Rayleigh scattering mechanism, incident light 150a is scattered in the whole length of optical fiber (for example, from light
Micron order in fibre and/or nanoscale defect scattering), and a part of incident light is by the transmission end 10a scatterings towards optical fiber
Back through optical fiber 30 as back-scattered signal 150d.
Referring again to Fig. 2,2A and 2B, as incident light 150a propagates through the fibre core 30 of optical fiber 50, back-scattered signal
The wavelength of 150d can be based on following these and shift：Close to optical fiber at specific position (for example, position 300a shown in Fig. 2)
Or local displacement, temperature change and/or deformation with feature (for example, step 300) relevant optical fiber of optical fiber contact.Cause
This, total back-scattered signal 150d can have the wavelength to shift relative to incident light 150a.It is emitted as a result, from fibre core
Back-scattered signal 150d can by receiver 110a and/or signal inquiry element 120 adduction in total back-scattered signal, with
The relevant feature 300 (for example, pressure) of wavelength shift calculated between meeting and incident light 150a and back-scattered signal 150d has
The special parameter of pass.
Fiber optic sensor system 200 be also configured to using total back-scattered signal 150d come assess with close to optical fiber 50 or
Person contacts the 300 related location dependent information of feature of optical fiber 50.Specifically, light source 110, receiver 110a and signal inquiry
Element 120 can be configured in fiber optic sensor system 200, to be measured via auspicious using optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR)
Sharp scattering mechanism is reflected back through the part light of optical fiber 50.Specifically, optical fiber 200 can will be always reversed in different time
Light quantity in scattered signal 150d is compared with incident light 150a, to determine that the feature 300 for coming close to or in contact with optical fiber 50 is related
Position 300a.
Each distributed fiberoptic sensor and sensing system (including fibre optical sensor 100 and light listed by the disclosure
Fiber sensor 200) it confirms compared to the conventional distribution using single fiber core fibre (for example, telecommunication grade fibers of class of trade)
Formula fibre optical sensor and sensing system have the advantages that following one or more.The fibre optical sensor and sensing system of the disclosure
One the advantage is that the back-scattered signal from their multicore fiber can be more than from the anti-of conventional single fiber core fibre
To scattered signal, big multiple is substantially equivalent to the fibre core quantity in multicore fiber.Therefore, with the fibre optical sensor of the disclosure
It can be obtained compared to the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional fiber-optic sensor and system with the signal-to-noise ratio of the relevant back-scattered signal of sensing system
To being obviously improved.Another advantage is, can will be less easily by the lower power signals of nonlinear scattering effects
It is emitted in each fibre core of the multicore fiber of the disclosure, to realize and be transferred into the higher-wattage of conventional single fiber core fibre
The roughly equal back-scattered signal intensity of signal.The sensor of the disclosure and the multicore fiber employed in system it is another
It is a the advantage is that its end being tapered can be easily configured to matching and existing light source and photodetector spot size phase
The spot size of pass.In addition, for making the process costs that the transmission end of these multicore fibers is tapered relatively low, and by
Gradual change is thin itself to induce considerably less loss of signal in a fiber.The distributed fiberoptic sensor of the disclosure and system it is another
It is a the advantage is that they used by multicore fibers can use existing fiber coating composition, optical fiber cable design and point
Cloth fiber optic sensor system is built, and is adjusted without apparent technique and/or design.
In addition, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art can be in the spirit without departing substantially from claims
Or various modification can be adapted and changes in the case of range.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of fibre optical sensor comprising：
Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction at in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and
And it also defines transmission end, scattering end, fiber outer diameter and fiber lengths, the optical fiber and includes：
Multiple fibre cores have core diameter and composition of equal value；And
The covering of the multiple fibre core is limited and surrounds by the fiber outer diameter,
Wherein, the optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, and to limit conical section, the conical section passes through straight outside conical fiber
Diameter and taper core diameter characterization, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and fibre
Core diameter.
2. sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter difference
1% to 95% is reduced relative to corresponding fiber outer diameter and core diameter.
3. the sensor as described in any one of claim 1-2, which is characterized in that the fiber lengths be about 10m extremely
100km。
4. sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the fibre optic construction Cheng Yue 300-
The wavelength of 2000nm, is run with single mode.
5. the sensor as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the fibre core is configured to micro- according at least 10
The fibre core of rice-fibre core spacing arrangement, the fibre core-fibre core spacing are defined as the center to the center of adjacent fibre core of each fibre core
Distance.
6. sensor as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the optical fiber is characterized in that, light is transferred into light
After fine transmission end, crosstalk is no more than 0dB.
7. the sensor as described in any one of claim 1-6, which is characterized in that the multiple fibre core includes one or more
Outermost fibre core is arranged according to about 1-100 microns of fibre core-covering spacing, the fibre core-covering spacing be defined as from
Distance of the center of each outermost fibre core to fiber outer diameter.
8. the sensor as described in any one of claim 1-7, which is characterized in that the institute in the transmission end of optical fiber, optical fiber
It states multiple fibre cores to be arranged and constructed into the single light source for being about 1-100 microns from spot size and receives incident light.
9. a kind of fibre optical sensor comprising：
Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction also define transmission at for being run with single mode in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm
End, scattering end, fiber outer diameter and about 10m to about 100km fiber lengths, the optical fiber includes：
Multiple fibre cores have core diameter and composition of equal value；And
The covering of the multiple fibre core is limited and surrounds by the fiber outer diameter,
Wherein, the optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, and to limit conical section, the conical section passes through straight outside conical fiber
Diameter and taper core diameter characterization, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and fibre
Core diameter, and
Wherein, after the transmission end of optical fiber will inject fibre core from the light in single source, the transmission end of optical fiber, which is shown from fibre core, to be sent out
The total backscatter signal projected.
10. sensor as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the signal-to-noise ratio of total back-scattered signal, which is more than, to be come from
With reference to the signal-to-noise ratio of the back-scattered signal of single fiber core fibre.
11. the sensor as described in any one of claim 9-10, which is characterized in that the noise of total back-scattered signal
Than at least 2 times that are the signal-to-noise ratio from the back-scattered signal with reference to single fiber core fibre.
12. the sensor as described in any one of claim 9-11, which is characterized in that the fibre core is configured to according at least 10
The fibre core of micron-fibre core spacing arrangement, the fibre core-fibre core spacing are defined as the center to the center of adjacent fibre core of each fibre core
Distance.
13. sensor as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the optical fiber is characterized in that, is transferred into light
After the transmission end of optical fiber, crosstalk is no more than 0dB.
14. the sensor as described in any one of claim 9-13, which is characterized in that the multiple fibre core includes one or more
A outermost fibre core is arranged according to about 1-200 microns of fibre core-covering spacing, and the fibre core-covering spacing is defined as
From the center of each outermost fibre core to the distance of fiber outer diameter.
15. the sensor as described in any one of claim 9-14, which is characterized in that in the transmission end of optical fiber, optical fiber
The single light source that it is about 1-100 microns from spot size that the multiple fibre core, which is arranged and constructed into, receives incident light.
16. a kind of fiber optic sensor system comprising：
Optical fiber, the fibre optic construction at in the about wavelength of 300-2000nm with a kind of operation in single mode or few mould, and
And it also defines transmission end, scattering end, fiber outer diameter and fiber lengths, the optical fiber and includes：
Multiple fibre cores have core diameter and composition of equal value, and
The covering of the multiple fibre core is limited and surrounds by the fiber outer diameter,
Light source is configured to the transmission end in optical fiber, and the single-spot of incident light is led into the multiple fibre core；
Receiver, is configured to receive total back-scattered signal, and total back-scattered signal is made in the transmission end of optical fiber
What hot spot emitted after being injected into fibre core from fibre core；And
Signal inquires element, is configured to processing back-scattered signal to obtain sensor measurement, correspond to close to optical fiber or
The feature of person and optical fiber contact,
Wherein, the optical fiber becomes narrow gradually in transmission end, and to limit conical section, the conical section passes through straight outside conical fiber
Diameter and taper core diameter characterization, the conical fiber overall diameter and taper core diameter are less than corresponding fiber outer diameter and fibre
Core diameter.
17. system as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that the fiber lengths are about 10m to about 100km.
18. the system as described in any one of claim 16-17, which is characterized in that the fibre optic construction Cheng Yue 300-
The wavelength of 2000nm, is run with single mode.
19. the system as described in any one of claim 16-18, which is characterized in that the fibre core is configured to according at least 10
The fibre core of micron-fibre core spacing arrangement, the fibre core-fibre core spacing are defined as the center to the center of adjacent fibre core of each fibre core
Distance.
20. system as claimed in claim 19, which is characterized in that the optical fiber is characterized in that, is made in the transmission end of optical fiber
After single-spot is injected into fibre core, crosstalk is no more than 0dB.
21. system as claimed in claim 18, which is characterized in that the multiple fibre core includes one or more outermost fibre cores,
It is arranged according to about 1-100 microns of fibre core-covering spacing, and the fibre core-covering spacing is defined as from each outermost
Distance of the center of fibre core to fiber outer diameter.
22. system as claimed in claim 18, which is characterized in that the sensor measurement includes one selected from the group below or more
A characteristic：Temperature, pressure, strain, displacement and noise.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201562257375P | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | |
| US62/257,375 | 2015-11-19 | ||
| PCT/US2016/061773 WO2017087301A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-11-14 | Distributed fiber sensors and systems employing multicore optical fibers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108292009A true CN108292009A (en) | 2018-07-17 |
Family
ID=57406365
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680067997.XA Pending CN108292009A (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-11-14 | Using the distributed fiberoptic sensor and system of multicore fiber |
Country Status (5)
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| US (1) | US10302463B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3377926A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6971981B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN108292009A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017087301A1 (en) |
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| CN203069811U (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-07-17 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Multiband filter |
| CN103439766A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏金迪电子科技有限公司 | Spatial division multiplexing method for multi-core optical fiber |
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| CN110006562A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-12 | 北京大学 | A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system based on Mode Coupling |
| WO2020244034A1 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-10 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Multi-core few-mode optical fiber and manufacture method therefor |
| CN114616500A (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2022-06-10 | Ofs菲特尔有限责任公司 | Multi-core optical fiber and fan-out assembly |
| CN115455355A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 苏州大学 | Method and device for detecting intermode crosstalk of multi-core few-mode optical fiber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6971981B2 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
| EP3377926A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| JP2018536162A (en) | 2018-12-06 |
| US20170146371A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
| US10302463B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
| WO2017087301A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
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