CN108187616A - 一种金银专用磁性炭及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种金银专用磁性炭及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] Chemical compound O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium iron(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940056319 ferrosoferric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 8
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- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- -1 that is Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDMKBIZYOLJQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N S.OS(O)(=O)=S Chemical compound S.OS(O)(=O)=S PDMKBIZYOLJQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适合“炭浆法”工艺的能够用磁选机回收尾矿中被磨碎的载金炭的颗粒状煤质活性炭品种——金银专用磁性炭及其制造方法。本发明提高金、银等贵金属矿资源的回收率，增加了金、银的产量并降低生产成本，同时使“炭浆法”提金工艺技术得以完善和提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冶炼方法，尤其是适用于金、银等贵金属提取领域中“炭浆法”提金工艺的粒状带有磁性的煤质活性炭材料即金银专用磁性炭及其制造方法。
背景技术
磁性炭浆法提金工艺于1946年由N.海德利等首创，并于1947年获得专利（USPat.,No.2479930）。
此专利转让给美国氰氨公司后，曾于1948年在内华达州格特切尔试验厂进行过1.81~2.72t/h矿石的连续半工业试验，和在亚利桑那州萨豪里塔试验厂进行过2.27t/d矿石的连续试验，都获得成功。但其在工业应用上却遇到了麻烦，原因有二：其一，他们的磁性炭制法是在活性炭颗粒表面用硅酸钠粘接一层磁性颗粒而制得，硅酸钠能炭的孔穴而降低炭的吸附性能；其二，磁性颗粒粘接在炭颗粒表面，一经磨去，炭颗粒就失去磁性而使磁选回收率降低。由于上诉缺陷至今未能用于工业生产。
现代从矿石中溶解提取金银的主要溶剂药品有氰化物、硫脲、液氯、硫氰酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、多硫化物、和卤化物等。由于金银等贵金属元素的稀散性，不管用上述的哪一种溶剂来提取金银，其初提溶液浓度都很低，因此一般都需要一个富集的中间工艺过程，而富集的方法有活性炭吸附或离子交换树脂吸附，现代主流工艺路线大多采取的是用颗粒状活性炭吸附的“炭浆法”其代表性工艺流程见附图1。其主要工艺过程是将颗粒状活性炭加入用溶剂浸出的矿浆中在多段连续搅拌槽中逆流吸附金银后，用隔筛分离出载金炭去解吸、再生，尾矿经处理后排放。从上述过程不难发现其缺点，那就是活性炭颗粒经过与矿浆一起搅拌后，难免产生破碎和磨损，隔筛下的碎炭就和尾矿一起排放而造成损失。更为严重的是，活性炭吸附后是有表里差的，磨损和破碎的炭相对载金量更高。目前对提金活性炭的要求1、在每立方米含金一克的溶液中平衡吸附24小时，炭的载金容量应达到每千克炭含金25克；2、炭在瓶中翻滚24小时，磨损率应小于百分之2。按此标准计每磨损一千克炭就损失25克金，其价值约7000元人民币。另外目前提取金银行业内使用的活性炭基本都是椰壳炭或果核炭，由于其原材料的产量少且碳化收率低，因此成本与售价都比较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免上述不足，提供了一种适合“炭浆法”工艺的能够用磁选机回收尾矿中被磨碎的载金炭的颗粒状煤质活性炭品种——金银专用磁性炭及其制造方法。可以提高金、银等贵金属矿资源的回收率，增加了金、银的产量并降低生产成本。同时使“炭浆法”提金工艺技术得以完善和提升。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种金银专用磁性炭的制造方法，其活化工艺技术路线可以采取物理的水蒸汽法，也可以采取化学的辅助试剂活化法；该金银专用磁性炭的制作步骤依次为：
a．将粉碎（干法、湿法均可）到粒径小于100目的烟煤粉与100目的含铁质材料的磁化剂粉末（如果采用可溶性铁盐类材料可用其水溶液）按照质量比为烟煤粉（干基） ：磁化剂（以三氧化二铁含量计）=100：１～１０的比例加入混合机充分混合；
b.由混合机出来的混合料进入搅拌机，在此加入适量的粘结剂或水（根据煤的化验单而定）充分搅拌均匀；
c.由搅拌机出来的原料进入压型机挤压成粒径尺寸范围在1到10毫米的颗粒；
d.由压型机出来的颗粒料经烘干、筛分后进入碳化活化炉在900摄氏度于水蒸气存在的条件下处理60分钟,放出冷却后再经筛分、包装即成“金银专用磁性炭”。
所述的金银专用磁性炭，以烟煤粉为主要原料，以含铁质材料为磁化剂；煤粉与磁化剂的质量比为：烟煤粉比磁化剂＝１００比１～１０。
所述的磁化剂可以是三氧化二铁、四氧化三铁、氢氧化铁、三氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、硫化亚铁、铁铵矾、以及金属铁粉中其中的一种或几种的复配。
所述的金银专用磁性炭颗粒形状包括圆球状、椭球状、圆柱状、方条状和无定形；其粒径尺寸范围在1到10毫米。
由于采用上述技术方案，本发明具有以下优点和效果：
1、本发明的制造方法所采用的原材料是烟煤粉，不但原料广价格低，而且对活性炭产品的预期性能和质量的可调控性好，根据用户的要求可对产品的强度、颗粒的大小、颗粒的形状以及磁性的强弱等进行较方便的调控；
2、本发明的产品收率比椰壳和果核高所以其制造成本也比椰壳炭和果核炭低很多，用此炭取代椰壳炭在“炭浆法”提金其设备及工艺流程不需改变，只需在末端加一台磁选机就可回收尾矿中被磨碎的载金炭，其经济效益是不言而喻的；
3、本发明的制造方法所采用的磁化剂中三氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、硫化亚铁的饱和水溶液还可用于经过解吸后磁性弱化了的再生活性炭或者非磁性果壳类活性炭的增加磁性。
附图说明
图1为炭浆法提金的流程示意图；
图2为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将100目的大同煤干粉与100目的三氧化二铁粉，以100:5的比例一起加到混合机内充分混合后放入搅拌机中，根据煤的情况再加入适量的水（约30%）搅拌均匀后，经压型机压成直径3毫米长3-8毫米的圆柱状颗粒，经烘干、筛分后，筛下粉末返回搅拌机；干燥颗粒被送入碳化活化炉在900摄氏度于水蒸气存在的条件下处理60分钟,放出冷却后再经筛分、包装即成“金银专用磁性炭”。
这样制成的活性炭对硝酸银溶液中银的吸附速率与椰壳炭相当，但其吸附容量却比椰壳炭大50%，耐磨强度也少高于椰壳炭，而且它很容易被磁选机吸取。
实施例2
将100目的大同煤干粉与50摄氏度的硫酸亚铁饱和水溶液一起在搅拌机中搅拌均匀，煤粉与硫酸亚铁饱和水溶液的配比以其干湿度适合压型机成型为准（此时物料的含水量约30%），然后经压型机压成直径3毫米长3-8毫米的圆柱状颗粒，经烘干、筛分后，筛下粉末返回搅拌机；干燥颗粒被送入碳化活化炉在900摄氏度于水蒸气存在的条件下处理60分钟,放出冷却后再经筛分、包装即成“金银专用磁性炭”。该产品的质量和性能与方式1的产品相当。此外，以方式2的铁盐类饱和水溶液法还可实现再生活性炭磁性减弱后以及非磁性果壳类活性炭的增加磁性。其方法见具体实施方式3。
实施例3
将干燥的颗粒状的载金炭解吸后其磁性弱化的再生活性炭或者非磁性的椰壳炭用硫酸亚铁饱和水溶液于塑料槽中浸泡24小时后捞出干燥，然后送入再生活化炉在900摄氏度温度下处理30分钟放出冷却后包装。如此方法处理所得的活性炭其磁性均可被磁选机吸取。
Claims (6)
1.一种金银专用磁性炭，其特征在于：以烟煤粉为主要原料，以含铁质材料为磁化剂；煤粉与磁化剂的质量比为：烟煤粉比磁化剂＝1００比1～1０。
2.一种金银专用磁性炭的制造方法，制作步骤依次为：
a．将粉碎（干法、湿法均可）到粒径小于100目的烟煤粉与100目的含铁质材料的磁化剂粉末（如果采用可溶性铁盐类材料可用其水溶液）按照质量比为烟煤粉（干基） ：磁化剂（以三氧化二铁含量计）=100：1～1０的比例加入混合机充分混合；
b.由混合机出来的混合料进入搅拌机，在此加入适量的粘结剂或水（根据煤的化验单而定）充分搅拌均匀；
c.由搅拌机出来的原料进入压型机挤压成粒径尺寸范围在1到10毫米的颗粒；
d.由压型机出来的颗粒料经烘干、筛分后进入碳化活化炉在900摄氏度于水蒸气存在的条件下处理60分钟,放出冷却后再经筛分、包装即成“金银专用磁性炭”。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金银专用磁性炭的制造方法，其特征在于：所述的磁化剂可以是三氧化二铁、四氧化三铁、氢氧化铁、三氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、硫化亚铁、铁铵矾以及金属铁粉中其中的一种或几种的复配。
4.根据权利要求2所述的金银专用磁性炭的制造方法，其特征在于：所述的磁化剂中三氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁的饱和水溶液还可用于经过解吸后磁性弱化了的再生活性炭或者非磁性果壳类颗粒状活性炭的增加磁性。
5.根据权利要求2所述的金银专用磁性炭的制造方法，其特征在于：所述的活化采取物理的水蒸汽法，或者采取化学的辅助试剂活化法。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金银专用磁性炭，其特征在于：所述的磁性碳为颗粒形，包括圆球状、椭球状、圆柱状、方条状和无定形；其粒径尺寸范围在1到10毫米。
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