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CN108165858B - 一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108165858B
CN108165858B CN201711129750.9A CN201711129750A CN108165858B CN 108165858 B CN108165858 B CN 108165858B CN 201711129750 A CN201711129750 A CN 201711129750A CN 108165858 B CN108165858 B CN 108165858B
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倪程凯
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Chang Deyong
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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Abstract

本发明公开了属于粉末冶金领域的一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法。所述高温敏感纳米材料由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆50‑65份，钒20‑30份，铌5‑21份。将碳化锆、钒、铌的初始粉末按上述比例混合，并研磨3‑7h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40‑50nm，经分解和喷气喷涂到底座或零件表面。本发明提供的高温敏感纳米材料的摩擦系数和磨损强度降低、显微硬度增强，可用于机械制造、以及摩擦和涂层形成下其运行部件的制造，使其具备高硬度和热稳定性宽的负载速度范围。

Description

一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于粉末冶金领域，具体涉及一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术有一种碳化锆高温耐磨性纳米材料，主要成分为(wt％)：锆60-70％(已知复合材料)、钴20-23％、铜10-15％，另外还含有钽1.0-15.0％、钨1.0-15.0％、铌1.0-15.0％、铝18.0-26.0％及其它成分。该类材料由于热喷涂条件和各种热物理性质的局限性，导致低粘合强度和残余应力的存在，具有高抗弯曲强度，但塑料和耐磨性不足，尤其在高冲击载荷条件下，该缺陷十分显著。
还有一种粉末材料，其主要成分为(wt％)：碳化锆99.2-99.8％、氮0.8-0.2％。该材料的机械性能特征是：具有16.3GPa的显微硬度，且磨损率高达7.0μm/km，在机械运行过程中产生极大的摩擦，导致机械磨耗严重。特别是在高负荷和交变力条件下，在很大程度上限制了其在保护节点时的功能及磨损摩擦。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高温敏感纳米材料及其制备方法，针对上述材料缺陷，本发明通过在碳化锆高温耐磨性纳米材料中添加钒和铌的方法，改善高温耐磨纳米材料，为其提供较高的耐磨性，显著降低摩擦系数，使其具备高硬度和热稳定性宽的负载速度范围。
一种高温敏感纳米材料，由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆50-65份，钒20-30份，铌5-21份。
一种高温敏感纳米材料的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)按照重量份数，取碳化锆50-65份，钒20-30份，铌5-21份，混合，并研磨3-7h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40-50nm；
(2)进行材料的爆轰喷雾，按以下顺序进行：
①喷涂底座(启动零件表面)的准备；
②分解和喷气；
③喷涂层表面的机械处理。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的高温敏感纳米材料的摩擦系数和磨损强度降低、显微硬度增强，可用于机械制造、以及摩擦和涂层形成下其运行部件的制造，使其具备高硬度和热稳定性宽的负载速度范围。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种高温敏感纳米材料，由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆65份，钒30份，铌5份。
一种高温敏感纳米材料的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将碳化锆、钒、铌的初始粉末按上述比例混合，并研磨5h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40nm；
(2)进行材料的爆轰喷雾，按以下顺序进行：
①喷涂底座(启动零件表面)的准备；
②分解和喷气；
③喷涂层表面的机械处理。
对所获得的样品确定其材料的物理/机械性能和岩土材料性质：摩擦系数、磨损强度、显微硬度，其中第1组实验使用原型材料，作为对比实验。具体实验数据见表1：
表1
Figure BDA0001469111080000031
由上表可知，改善后材料的摩擦系数降低28％，磨损强度降低23％，显微硬度增加112％，提高了耐磨性和显微硬度。
实施例2
一种高温敏感纳米材料，由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆60份，钒26份，铌14份。
一种高温敏感纳米材料的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将碳化锆、钒、铌的初始粉末按上述比例混合，并研磨5h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40nm。
(2)进行材料的爆轰喷雾，按以下顺序进行：
①喷涂底座(启动零件表面)的准备；
②分解和喷气；
③喷涂层表面的机械处理。
对所获得的样品确定其材料的物理/机械性能和岩土材料性质：摩擦系数、磨损强度、显微硬度，其中第1组实验使用原型材料，作为对比实验。具体实验数据见表2：
表2
Figure BDA0001469111080000041
由上表可知，改善后材料的摩擦系数降低57％，磨损强度降低45％，显微硬度增加61％，提高了耐磨性和显微硬度。
实施例3
一种高温敏感纳米材料，由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆56份，钒23份，铌21份。
一种高温敏感纳米材料的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将碳化锆、钒、铌的初始粉末按上述比例混合，并研磨5h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40nm。
(2)进行材料的爆轰喷雾，按以下顺序进行：
①喷涂底座(启动零件表面)的准备；
②分解和喷气；
③喷涂层表面的机械处理。
对所获得的样品确定其材料的物理/机械性能和岩土材料性质：摩擦系数、磨损强度、显微硬度，其中第1组实验使用原型材料，作为对比实验。具体实验数据见表3：
表3
Figure BDA0001469111080000051
由上表可知，改善后材料的摩擦系数降低43％，磨损强度降低38％，显微硬度增加27％，提高了耐磨性和显微硬度。
综上所述，可得出以下结论：
1、改善后材料的摩擦系数和磨损强度降低、显微硬度增强，即提高了耐磨性和显微硬度。
2、在三个实施例中，实施例2所得材料耐磨性最高，但显微硬度居中；实施例1所得材料显微硬度最高，但耐磨性最低。
3、综合考量各实施例所得材料的物理/机械性能和岩土材料性质，实施例2为最佳，即各成分为：碳化锆60％、钒26％、铌14％。

Claims (1)

1.一种高硬度的高温敏感纳米材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的组分组成：碳化锆60份，钒26份，铌14份；所述材料的显微硬度为13.4Gpa；
其中，所述材料按照如下步骤制备：
（1）按照上述重量份数比例混合，研磨5h，研磨后的粉末粒径为40nm；
（2）进行材料的爆轰喷雾，按以下顺序进行：
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
喷涂底座的准备；
Figure 330212DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
分解和喷气；
Figure 716194DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
喷涂层表面的机械处理。
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