CN108152223A - A kind of multiple dimensioned plant growth rhythm and pace of moving things field automatic observing system - Google Patents
A kind of multiple dimensioned plant growth rhythm and pace of moving things field automatic observing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，包括：野外多尺度生长节律观测模块、数据采集和远程无线传输模块、野外太阳能供电及支撑附件、数据接收终端；野外多尺度生长节律观测模块分为5个不同子模块，为森林、草地、荒漠、湿地、农田子模块；数据采集和远程无线传输模块，包括多个含图像存储SD卡的CR6数据采集器、多个3G/4G无线传输模块、和多个网络适配器；野外太阳能供电及支撑附件模块包括：太阳能板和蓄电池、野外支撑附件；数据接收终端为可上网的计算机组。本发明可实现对多站点植物生长节律多源信息的快速、准确、实时地系统采集、传输与储存，提高了效率和自动化水平，更好的满足生态学以及农业科学研究需要。
The present invention is a multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system, comprising: field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module, data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module, field solar power supply and supporting accessories, data receiving terminal; field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module It is divided into 5 different sub-modules, which are forest, grassland, desert, wetland and farmland sub-modules; data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module, including multiple CR6 data collectors with image storage SD cards, multiple 3G/4G wireless transmission Module, and multiple network adapters; field solar power supply and supporting accessories The module includes: solar panels, storage batteries, and field supporting accessories; the data receiving terminal is a computer group that can be connected to the Internet. The invention can realize rapid, accurate and real-time systematic collection, transmission and storage of multi-source information on multi-site plant growth rhythm, improves efficiency and automation level, and better meets the needs of ecology and agricultural science research.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，尤其涉及一种用于典型生态系统(森林、草地、荒漠、湿地、农田)多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统,属于生态学或农学等植物野外监测研究技术领域,特别涉及到生态系统监测、植物生长发育与全球变化等研究领域。The present invention relates to a multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system, in particular to a multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system for typical ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, farmlands), belonging to ecology or agronomy and other plant field monitoring research technologies, especially related to the research fields of ecosystem monitoring, plant growth and development, and global change.
背景技术Background technique
植物生长节律观测不仅有利于了解植物自身生长规律和生理变化，还可用于研究植物对外界环境的响应和适应，对揭示生物学基本规律和全球变化背景下植物的响应对策均具有重要的理论和实践意义。目前，对各个生态系统中植物生长节律观测还停留在人工观测，人员依赖性大，一年或多年观测一次，观测频率低，误差大，且无法追溯，远远不能满足服务生态学以及农业科学研究的需要。借助数字成像和物联网技术的发展，对植物生长节律进行自动、实时、高频观测已经成为当前生态学研究的重要趋势，也是生态系统长期监测探索的自动化新技术手段之一。目前国内外虽然已有个别案例利用数码相机对个体植物物候进行自动观测，但对植物群落不同层级，不同尺度的多个生长节律参数进行同步组网自动观测还没有。我们建立的植物生长节律多尺度野外自动观测系统主要从群落尺度、样方尺度和个体尺度3个尺度，对不同生态系统类型的多个关键植物生长节律指标进行长期定位自动观测：森林生态系统观测群落季相、植被指数、优势种乔木样株的径向生长节律和主要物候期；草地生态系统观测群落季相、盖度、优势种草本关键物候期和高度；荒漠生态系统观测群落季相、盖度、优势种灌木样株高度、冠幅和关键物候期；湿地生态系统观测群落季相、盖度、优势种关键物候期和高度；农田生态系统观测作物群落生育动态、植株密度、样株的关键生育期和高度。基于可见光和多光谱成像，通过野外自动高频图像采集和无线传输，将不同区域不同尺度植物生长节律数据实时远程传输到计算机终端，实现对多站点植物生长节律多源信息的快速、准确、实时地系统采集、传输与储存，提升生态系统长期监测数据现势性、系统性和适用性，提高生态系统监测服务科学研究和国家需求的能力。The observation of plant growth rhythm is not only conducive to understanding the growth law and physiological changes of plants, but also can be used to study the response and adaptation of plants to the external environment. Practical significance. At present, the observation of plant growth rhythms in various ecosystems is still manual observation, which is highly dependent on personnel and is observed once a year or many years. The observation frequency is low, the error is large, and it cannot be traced back. It is far from meeting the needs of service ecology and agricultural science. research needs. With the development of digital imaging and Internet of Things technology, automatic, real-time, and high-frequency observation of plant growth rhythm has become an important trend in current ecological research, and it is also one of the new automated means for long-term monitoring and exploration of ecosystems. At present, although there are individual cases at home and abroad that use digital cameras to automatically observe individual plant phenology, there is no simultaneous networked automatic observation of multiple growth rhythm parameters at different levels and scales of plant communities. The plant growth rhythm multi-scale field automatic observation system we established mainly conducts long-term automatic observation of multiple key plant growth rhythm indicators of different ecosystem types from the three scales of community scale, quadrat scale and individual scale: Forest Ecosystem Observation Community seasonal phase, vegetation index, radial growth rhythm and main phenological periods of dominant species arbor samples; grassland ecosystem observation community seasonal phase, coverage, key phenological period and height of dominant herb species; desert ecosystem observation community seasonal phase, Coverage, height, crown width and key phenological periods of dominant species shrubs; wetland ecosystem observation community seasonal phase, coverage, key phenological periods and heights of dominant species; farmland ecosystem observation crop community growth dynamics, plant density, sample plants critical growth period and height. Based on visible light and multi-spectral imaging, through automatic high-frequency image acquisition and wireless transmission in the field, real-time remote transmission of plant growth rhythm data in different regions and scales to computer terminals, to achieve fast, accurate and real-time multi-source information on multi-site plant growth rhythm Collect, transmit, and store systematically, improve the currentness, systematization, and applicability of long-term ecosystem monitoring data, and improve the ability of ecosystem monitoring to serve scientific research and national needs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，以主要针对分布于全国不同区域典型生态系统(森林、草地、荒漠、湿地、农田)的植物群落、样方层次，以及优势种/作物的个体3个尺度水平的生长发育情况进行长期定位、自动、高频采集，通过物联网技术，无线远程传输到数据终端，从而实现对植物生长节律野外多尺度自动观测。本发明不仅可以实现野外无人值守的多站点植物生长节律信息自动远程无线高频获取、并可对野外工作状态异常报警，还可以通过对各站点数据的对比、整合、分析表征植物生长相关关键参数，且原始图片保存使得数据可追溯，对研究植物生长节律的全球变化响应，及其生物学基本规律具有重要的理论和实践意义。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system, mainly aimed at the plant communities, quadrat levels and advantages of typical ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, farmlands) distributed in different regions of the country Long-term positioning, automatic, and high-frequency acquisition of the growth and development of individual species/crops at three scales, and wireless remote transmission to the data terminal through Internet of Things technology, thereby realizing multi-scale automatic observation of plant growth rhythms in the field. The present invention can not only realize automatic remote wireless high-frequency acquisition of unattended multi-site plant growth rhythm information in the field, and can alarm the abnormal working status in the field, but also can characterize the key points related to plant growth by comparing, integrating and analyzing the data of each site Parameters, and the preservation of the original picture makes the data traceable, which has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of the global change response of plant growth rhythm and its basic biological laws.
一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，主要包括：野外多尺度生长节律观测模块、数据采集和远程无线传输模块、野外太阳能供电及支撑附件、数据接收终端4个部分。A multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system mainly includes four parts: field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module, data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module, field solar power supply and supporting accessories, and data receiving terminal.
野外多尺度生长节律观测模块根据生态系统类型分为5个不同的子模块，分别是森林、草地、荒漠、湿地、农田子模块；其中，草地、荒漠、湿地子模块结构相同。森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块包括：群落季相和多光谱成像系统、样株径向生长观测系统、样株物候期观测系统。草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块包括：群落季相和多光谱成像系统、样方盖度/密度观测系统、样株物候期观测系统、高度观测系统。农田生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块包括：作物群体生育期动态和多光谱成像系统、样方密度观测系统、样株生育期观测系统和高度观测系统。群落季相和多光谱成像系统由1个4通道(红、绿、蓝及红外)多光谱相机和1个参照板组成，其中多光谱相机光谱范围500～900nm。样株径向生长观测系统由多个径向生长自动记录仪和无线发射模块组成。高度观测系统由高精度数码网络相机和高度标尺组成。The field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module is divided into five different sub-modules according to the type of ecosystem, which are forest, grassland, desert, wetland, and farmland sub-modules; among them, the grassland, desert, and wetland sub-modules have the same structure. The forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module includes: community seasonal phase and multispectral imaging system, sample plant radial growth observation system, and sample plant phenology observation system. Grassland, desert, and wetland ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module includes: community seasonal and multi-spectral imaging system, quadrat coverage/density observation system, sample plant phenology observation system, height observation system. The sub-module of plant growth rhythm observation in farmland ecosystem includes: crop group growth period dynamics and multi-spectral imaging system, quadrat density observation system, sample plant growth period observation system and height observation system. The community quaternary and multispectral imaging system consists of a 4-channel (red, green, blue and infrared) multispectral camera and a reference plate, in which the multispectral camera has a spectral range of 500-900nm. The sample plant radial growth observation system is composed of multiple radial growth automatic recorders and wireless transmission modules. The altitude observation system consists of high-precision digital network cameras and altitude scales.
数据采集和远程无线传输模块主要包括多个含图像存储SD卡的CR6数据采集器、多个3G/4G无线传输模块、和多个网络适配器，实现野外图像数据定时采集、存储和无线远程转发，同时包括1个电源管理模块来监控电池电量和设备运行状态，出现异常通过数据采集器和无线传输模块发送短信和邮件形式报警。The data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module mainly includes multiple CR6 data collectors with image storage SD cards, multiple 3G/4G wireless transmission modules, and multiple network adapters to realize the timing acquisition, storage and wireless remote forwarding of field image data. At the same time, it includes a power management module to monitor the battery power and equipment operation status, and send SMS and email alarms through the data collector and wireless transmission module if there is an abnormality.
野外太阳能供电及支撑附件模块主要包括：太阳能板和蓄电池、野外支撑附件；本发明还进一步包括：避雷针和接地导线以及所有仪器设备防水箱，与野外太阳能供电及支撑附件模块共同实现野外太阳能供电、仪器定点稳定拍摄以及野外避雷防雨等防护。The outdoor solar power supply and supporting accessory module mainly includes: solar panels, batteries, and outdoor supporting accessories; the present invention further includes: lightning rods, grounding wires, and waterproof boxes for all instruments and equipment, and together with the outdoor solar power supply and supporting accessory modules, it can realize outdoor solar power supply, Fixed-point stable shooting of the instrument and protection against lightning and rain in the field.
数据接收终端为可以上网的计算机组。The data receiving terminal is a computer group that can access the Internet.
本发明一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，其优点及功效在于：基于可见光和多光谱成像，通过野外自动高频图像采集和无线传输，从不同生态系统类型的群落尺度的季相、植被指数，样方尺度的盖度、冠幅、密度，到个体尺度的胸径、物候、高度等不同生态系统3个尺度多个关键生长节律指标进行长期定位自动观测，实现对多站点植物生长节律多源信息的快速、准确、实时地系统采集、传输与储存。使得植物生长节律观测避免了人工观测频率低、误差大，数据无法追溯的缺点，也使得植物生长节律观测从个体尺度扩展到群体、群落多个尺度同步观测，提高了效率和自动化水平，更好的满足生态学以及农业科学研究需要。A multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system of the present invention has the advantages and effects of: based on visible light and multi-spectral imaging, through field automatic high-frequency image collection and wireless transmission, from the community-scale seasonal phases of different ecosystem types, Vegetation index, quadrat-scale coverage, crown width, and density, and individual-scale DBH, phenology, height and other key growth rhythm indicators in three scales of different ecosystems, such as long-term positioning and automatic observation of multiple key growth rhythm indicators, to achieve multi-site plant growth rhythm Fast, accurate and real-time systematic collection, transmission and storage of multi-source information. The observation of plant growth rhythm avoids the shortcomings of low frequency of manual observation, large errors, and untraceable data. It also enables the observation of plant growth rhythm to expand from the individual scale to group and multi-scale synchronous observation of the community, which improves the efficiency and automation level, and is better To meet the needs of ecological and agricultural science research.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1所示为森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块单个野外观测点示意图。Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single field observation point of the plant growth rhythm observation sub-module in the forest ecosystem.
图2所示为草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块单个野外观测点示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a single field observation point of the plant growth rhythm observation sub-module of the grassland, desert, and wetland ecosystems.
图3所示为农田生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块单个野外观测点示意图。Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a single field observation point of the plant growth rhythm observation sub-module of the farmland ecosystem.
图4所示为一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统框图。Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a field automatic observation system for multi-scale plant growth rhythm.
图中标号具体如下：The labels in the figure are as follows:
1、4通道多光谱相机 2、参照板 3、样株物候期观测系统1. 4-channel multispectral camera 2. Reference plate 3. Sample plant phenology observation system
4、样株物候观测代表枝条(聚焦点) 5、样株径向生长自动记录仪和无线发射模块4. Representative branches (focus points) for phenological observation of sample plants. 5. Automatic radial growth recorder and wireless transmission module of sample plants
6、数据采集和远程无线传输模块 7、3G/4G信号天线6. Data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module 7. 3G/4G signal antenna
8、太阳能板 9、蓄电池 10、避雷针8. Solar panel 9. Battery 10. Lightning rod
11、接地导线 12、铁塔或吊塔11. Ground wire 12. Iron tower or hanging tower
13、样方盖度观测系统 14、观测样方13. Observation system for quadrat coverage 14. Observation of quadrats
15、样株高度观测相机 16、高度标尺15. Sample plant height observation camera 16. Height scale
17、固定支架和牵拉绳17. Fixed bracket and pulling rope
18、作物群体生育期动态和多光谱观测系统18. Crop group growth period dynamics and multi-spectral observation system
19、样方密度观测系统 20、样株生育期观测系统19. Sample density observation system 20. Sample plant growth period observation system
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下结合附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1至图4所示，一种多尺度植物生长节律野外自动观测系统，主要包括：野外多尺度生长节律观测模块、数据采集和远程无线传输模块、野外太阳能供电及支撑附件、数据接收终端4个部分；野外太阳能供电附件包括太阳能板8和蓄电池9；野外支撑附件包括铁塔或吊塔12、固定支架和牵拉绳17；As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a multi-scale plant growth rhythm field automatic observation system mainly includes: field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module, data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module, field solar power supply and supporting accessories, and data receiving terminal 4 parts; the field solar power supply accessories include solar panels 8 and batteries 9; the field support accessories include iron towers or hanging towers 12, fixed brackets and pulling ropes 17;
如图1、2、3所示，根据不同的生态系统类型，野外多尺度生长节律观测模块具体包括森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块；草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块；农田生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块；As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, according to different ecosystem types, the field multi-scale growth rhythm observation module specifically includes the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module; grassland, desert, wetland ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module; Farmland ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module;
其中，如图1所示，森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块包括：Among them, as shown in Figure 1, the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module includes:
一个四通道(红、绿、蓝及红外)多光谱相机1和一个参照板2；其中多光谱相机光谱范围500～900nm；多光谱相机固定在铁塔或吊塔12的伸出横臂上，位于被观测群落冠层之上，斜向下获取植物群落冠层整体图像，为了减少太阳光照对成像的影响，选择朝北观测，每天定点在上午9点和下午3点开启。A four-channel (red, green, blue and infrared) multispectral camera 1 and a reference plate 2; wherein the spectral range of the multispectral camera is 500-900nm; Above the canopy of the observed community, the overall image of the canopy of the plant community was obtained obliquely downward. In order to reduce the impact of sunlight on the imaging, the observation was chosen to face north, and it was turned on at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm every day.
参照板2，固定在铁塔或吊塔横向伸出臂上，位于多光谱相机下方，多光谱相机拍摄范围需要白板可见，用于后期对图片颜色进行比对校正。供电依靠蓄电池9，数据通过有线连接传输到数据采集和远程无线传输模块6的数据采集器。Refer to board 2, which is fixed on the horizontal extension arm of the iron tower or pendant tower, and is located under the multi-spectral camera. The shooting range of the multi-spectral camera needs to be visible on the whiteboard, which is used to compare and correct the color of the picture in the later stage. The power supply depends on the storage battery 9, and the data is transmitted to the data collector of the data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module 6 through a wired connection.
样株物候期观测系统3，为一高精度数码网络照相机，稍高于被观测的样株物候观测代表枝条(聚焦点)4，斜向下拍摄，固定于铁塔或吊塔12的伸出横臂上，供电依靠蓄电池9，通过网线连接到数据采集和远程无线传输模块6的数据采集器；The sample plant phenology period observation system 3 is a high-precision digital network camera, which is slightly higher than the representative branch (focus point) 4 of the observed sample plant phenology observation, shoots obliquely downwards, and is fixed on the protruding horizontal frame of the iron tower or hanging tower 12. On the arm, the power supply relies on the storage battery 9, and is connected to the data collector of the data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module 6 through a network cable;
径向生长自动记录仪和无线发射模块5，径向生长自动记录仪直接安装在被测定树木的树干上，距离地面1.3米处安装，通过无线发射模块将数据回传给数据采集和远程无线传输模块6的数据采集器；Radial growth automatic recorder and wireless transmission module 5. The radial growth automatic recorder is directly installed on the trunk of the measured tree, installed at a distance of 1.3 meters from the ground, and the data is sent back to data collection and remote wireless transmission through the wireless transmission module The data collector of module 6;
数据采集和远程无线传输模块6，主要包括含图像存储SD卡的CR6数据采集器、3G/4G无线传输模块、和网络适配器，实现野外图像数据定时采集、存储和无线远程转发，同时包括1个电源管理模块来监控电池电量和设备运行状态，出现异常通过数据采集器和无线传输模块发送短信和邮件形式报警。Data collection and remote wireless transmission module 6, mainly including CR6 data collector with image storage SD card, 3G/4G wireless transmission module, and network adapter, to realize timing collection, storage and wireless remote forwarding of field image data, and also includes a The power management module monitors the battery power and equipment operation status, and sends SMS and email alarms through the data collector and wireless transmission module when abnormalities occur.
3G/4G信号天线7，安装在系统最高处，用于接收信号；The 3G/4G signal antenna 7 is installed at the top of the system for receiving signals;
太阳能板8，安装在系统高处，太阳能照到的地方；与蓄电池9相连；The solar panel 8 is installed at the height of the system, where the solar energy shines; it is connected with the storage battery 9;
蓄电池9、安装防护箱(图中未示)，埋在地下；Accumulator 9, install protective box (not shown in the figure), be buried in the ground;
避雷针10，安装在系统最顶端；The lightning rod 10 is installed at the top of the system;
接地导线11，连接铜管埋在地下；The ground wire 11 is buried underground for connecting copper pipes;
其中，如图2所示，草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块，包括：Among them, as shown in Figure 2, the grassland, desert, and wetland ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module includes:
一个四通道(红、绿、蓝及红外)多光谱相机1和一个参照板2；其中多光谱相机光谱范围500～900nm；连接方式与森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块相同，安装位置位于固定支架和牵拉绳17上；A multi-spectral camera 1 with four channels (red, green, blue and infrared) and a reference plate 2; the spectral range of the multi-spectral camera is 500-900nm; the connection method is the same as that of the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module, and the installation position is at a fixed on the support and pull rope 17;
样方盖度观测系统13，为一高精度数码网络照相机，安装在固定支架和牵拉绳17伸出的横臂上，垂直向下拍摄观测样方14；The sample plot coverage observation system 13 is a high-precision digital network camera, installed on the cross arm stretched out by the fixed support and the pull rope 17, and shoots the observation sample plot 14 vertically downward;
观测样方14，观测样方为1米×1米的正方形范围；Observation quadrat 14, the observation quadrat is a square range of 1 meter × 1 meter;
样株高度观测相机15，安装在固定支架和牵拉绳17的三脚架上，距离被观测植株较近，高度可调节，并对准被观测植株及高度标尺16；The sample plant height observation camera 15 is installed on the tripod of the fixed support and the pull rope 17, which is closer to the observed plant, adjustable in height, and aimed at the observed plant and the height scale 16;
高度标尺16，带有明显刻度标识的直立尺子，埋于被观测植株附近土中，保持直立Height scale 16, an upright ruler with obvious scale marks, buried in the soil near the observed plant, and kept upright
样株物候期观测系统3，为一高精度数码网络照相机，具体位置与连接与森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块相同，The sample plant phenology observation system 3 is a high-precision digital network camera, the specific location and connection are the same as the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module,
数据采集和远程无线传输模块6，主要包括含图像存储SD卡的CR6数据采集器、3G/4G无线传输模块、和网络适配器，图像从各个观测仪器通过有线传输到CR6数据采集器，数据采集器可以通过自带的软件设定拍照时间，数据采集器存储在SD卡中，并通过网络适配器连接3G/4G无线传输模块，数据采集器通过自带软件设定发送数据方式和时间，在有信号时通过移动或联通网络传送到数据接收终端，实现野外图像数据定时采集、存储和无线远程转发，同时包括1个电源管理模块来监控电池电量和设备运行状态，出现异常通过数据采集器和无线传输模块发送短信和邮件形式报警。Data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module 6, mainly including CR6 data collector containing image storage SD card, 3G/4G wireless transmission module, and network adapter, images are transmitted from various observation instruments to CR6 data collector through cable, data collector The camera time can be set through the built-in software. The data collector is stored in the SD card and connected to the 3G/4G wireless transmission module through the network adapter. The data collector can set the sending data method and time through the built-in software. When there is a signal It is transmitted to the data receiving terminal through the mobile or China Unicom network at any time to realize the regular collection, storage and wireless remote forwarding of field image data. It also includes a power management module to monitor the battery power and equipment operation status. If there is an abnormality, it will be transmitted through the data collector and wireless transmission. The module sends SMS and email alarms.
3G/4G信号天线7，太阳能板8，蓄电池9，避雷针10及接地导线11，具体位置与连接方式与森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块相同。3G/4G signal antenna 7, solar panel 8, battery 9, lightning rod 10 and ground wire 11, the specific location and connection method are the same as those of the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module.
野外支撑附件(固定支架和牵拉绳17)，为三脚型支撑支架并伸出多个横向支架，分别向三个方向牵拉绳固定。The supporting accessories (fixed support and pull rope 17) in the field are a tripod type support support and stretch out a plurality of horizontal supports, and the pull rope is fixed to three directions respectively.
如图3所示，农田生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块，包括：As shown in Figure 3, the plant growth rhythm observation sub-module of the farmland ecosystem includes:
作物群体生育期动态和多光谱观测系统18，为一高精度数码网络照相机和4通道多光谱相机，多光谱相机安装连接与草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块一致，数码网络相机用于群体生育期动态观测用于观测群体物候，判断50％以上个体达到同一物候期标志为准。Crop growth period dynamics and multi-spectral observation system 18 is a high-precision digital network camera and a 4-channel multi-spectral camera. The multi-spectral camera is installed and connected to the grassland, desert, and wetland ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module. The digital network camera It is used for the dynamic observation of the growth period of the population and is used for the observation of the phenology of the population. It is determined that more than 50% of the individuals reach the same phenological period mark.
参照板2，安装方式与森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块相同；Referring to board 2, the installation method is the same as that of the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module;
样方密度观测系统19，为一高精度数码网络照相机，安装及连接方式与草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块的样方盖度观测相同，不同的是本系统用于观测植株数量密度特征；The quadrat density observation system 19 is a high-precision digital network camera. The installation and connection method is the same as the quadrat coverage observation of the plant growth rhythm observation sub-module of the grassland, desert, and wetland ecosystems. The difference is that this system is used to observe plant number density features;
观测样方14，为长宽固定的区域，具体根据作物耕作方式确定面积；Observation quadrat 14 is an area with fixed length and width, and the specific area is determined according to the crop farming method;
样株生育期观测系统20，为一高精度数码网络照相机，安装在野外支撑附件(固定支架和牵拉绳17)上，聚焦一株代表性植株，精细观测生长发育特征图片，供电太阳能，数据有线传输到数据采集和远程无线传输模块6的数据采集器；The sample plant growth period observation system 20 is a high-precision digital network camera, installed on the field support accessories (fixed bracket and pull rope 17), focusing on a representative plant, finely observing growth and development characteristic pictures, powering solar energy, data Wired transmission to the data collector of data acquisition and remote wireless transmission module 6;
样株高度观测相机15，安装在野外支撑附件(固定支架和牵拉绳17)的三脚架上，距离被观测植株较近，高度可调节，并对准被观测植株及高度标尺16；The sample plant height observation camera 15 is installed on the tripod of the field supporting accessories (fixed support and pull rope 17), which is closer to the observed plant, adjustable in height, and aimed at the observed plant and the height scale 16;
高度标尺16，带有明显刻度标识的直立尺子，埋于被观测植株附近土中，保持直立；Height scale 16, an upright ruler with obvious scale marks, buried in the soil near the observed plants, and kept upright;
数据采集和远程无线传输模块6，主要包括含图像存储SD卡的CR6数据采集器、3G/4G无线传输模块、和网络适配器，实现野外图像数据定时采集、存储和无线远程转发，同时包括1个电源管理模块来监控电池电量和设备运行状态，出现异常通过数据采集器和无线传输模块发送短信和邮件形式报警。Data collection and remote wireless transmission module 6, mainly including CR6 data collector with image storage SD card, 3G/4G wireless transmission module, and network adapter, to realize timing collection, storage and wireless remote forwarding of field image data, and also includes a The power management module monitors the battery power and equipment operation status, and sends SMS and email alarms through the data collector and wireless transmission module when abnormalities occur.
3G/4G信号天线7，太阳能板8，蓄电池9，避雷针10及接地导线11，具体位置与连接方式与森林生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块相同。3G/4G signal antenna 7, solar panel 8, battery 9, lightning rod 10 and ground wire 11, the specific location and connection method are the same as those of the forest ecosystem plant growth rhythm observation sub-module.
野外支撑附件(固定支架和牵拉绳17)，与草地、荒漠、湿地生态系统植物生长节律观测子模块一致。The field supporting accessories (fixed bracket and pulling rope 17) are consistent with the observation sub-modules of plant growth rhythm in grassland, desert and wetland ecosystems.
具体的应用：在中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)35个陆地野外台站统一布设，在每个台站站点长期样地中，选取4个最具代表性的植物群落类型开展植物生长节律在线自动观测，以保证观测数据对台站所在区域的代表性。在植物群落冠层上方，布设1个多光谱相机和1个高分辨率相机，用于定时自动获取群体尺度多光谱和可见光图像。对草本/作物在样地中，获取1×1m样方水平的垂直盖度图像。在个体水平上森林/荒漠/湿地选取3～5个典型乔灌木样株，分别布设1个高分辨率相机，用于自动获取植物物候动态图像，草地/农田选取优势种植物获取2～3个重复的微距拍摄生长节律图像，立标尺。所有图像数据通过3G/4G无线传输到生物分中心数据在线管理平台，并及时传输到相应台站服务器，实现了对不同生态系统(森林、草地、荒漠、湿地、农田)植物生长节律的组网、连续、高频、自动观测和数据共享，提升了生态系统野外长期监测项目自动化水平。Specific application: 35 terrestrial field stations of the China Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) are uniformly deployed, and in the long-term sample plots of each station station, 4 most representative plant community types are selected to carry out online automatic plant growth rhythm. observations to ensure that the observation data are representative of the area where the station is located. Above the canopy of the plant community, a multispectral camera and a high-resolution camera were deployed to automatically acquire group-scale multispectral and visible light images at regular intervals. For herbs/crops in the sample plot, obtain the vertical coverage image at the level of 1×1m quadrat. At the individual level, select 3 to 5 typical trees and shrubs in forests/deserts/wetlands, and deploy a high-resolution camera to automatically obtain dynamic images of plant phenology, and select dominant species in grasslands/farmlands to obtain 2 to 3 samples. Repeated macro shooting of growth rhythm images, erecting a ruler. All image data is wirelessly transmitted to the biological sub-center data online management platform through 3G/4G, and transmitted to the corresponding station server in time, realizing the networking of plant growth rhythms in different ecosystems (forest, grassland, desert, wetland, farmland) , Continuous, high-frequency, automatic observation and data sharing have improved the automation level of long-term monitoring projects in the field of ecosystems.
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