CN108157386A - 一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用，其特征是，其组成成分及其重量百分比为：包括以下重量百分比的物质：藻酸钠5％‑10％，缩二脲5%‑30%，亚硒酸钠1‑5%，矿物油1％‑10％，硝酸铵2％‑25％，乳化剂1％‑10％，黄腐酸钾1%‑5%，羧甲基纤维素5％‑30%，有机硅渗透剂3％‑15％，黑色水溶性腐植酸3％‑10％，红色着色剂0.3％‑1％，余量为植物油补充；适用于玉米播种后及拔节期前杂草生长的调控；结合前期杂草控制，中期限制，后期沤治，全程适度控制杂草的生长；提高了玉米产量和营养价值，利于有机玉米种植，改善玉米品质，活化土壤提高地力；提高了玉米种植的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用，属于农业技术领域。
背景技术
玉米(Zea mays L.)，学名玉蜀黍，是重要的粮食作物，也是重要的饲料和工业原料，在国民生计和经济建设中起着至关重要的作用；玉米种植历史悠久，是人类农业发展史上的一种重要农作物，玉米在我国的种植历史也已有470年之久；目前，我国玉米的播种面积在5亿亩左右，仅次于水稻和小麦，也是人们主食的重要组成部分；经过一代代农业人的努力，玉米杂交品种不断更新，玉米品质在不断改进，为我国提供了充沛的粮食储备；现在市场上供选择的玉米品种繁多，而且产量也比较可观，但是药残问题存在严重，玉米受杂草影响，产量容易受到限制；怎样适度控制杂草，保障玉米的持续稳产高产，是不可回避的问题；面对玉米市场价格的持续波动，也迫切需要提高玉米品质和营养价值来增加经济效益，满足市场对高品质玉米的要求；随着经济发展和社会进步，人们越来越渴望和追求自然野趣，当人们把接受自然，认识自然，爱自然作为一种时尚的时候，自然地被和自然景观必将成为一个重要的角色和载体；杂草在农业生态系统中具有防止土壤侵蚀、促进养分循环、消除环境污染等生态功能，保持一定的杂草生物多样性对维持生态系统功能正常发挥和保持生态平衡有着不可忽视的作用；能够增加生物多样性，使益虫数量增多.增加土壤通透性,蚯蚓多；增加土壤有机质含量,杂草腐烂后是很好的有机肥；因此，发明一种新的无公害玉米除草剂，并制定出合理的施用方法，有利于提高玉米种植经济效益。
发明内容
本发明是以缩二脲为活性成分，以硝酸铵为增效成分加工而成的玉米无公害除草剂，能够提高玉米产量和品质，改善活化土壤和提高地力；利于有机玉米无公害种植。
本玉米无公害除草剂的效果可以有效抑制杂草生长，属于苗后除草剂，能够提高玉米千粒重提高5%-10%左右；本发明从使用成本上看较经济，具有如下作用：促进硒元素循环增加；适度控制杂草生长，补充地力；利于有机农业的发展，减少农药残留。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：前期喷洒玉米无公害除草悬浮剂控制杂草生长，通过适度控制杂草发育，控制杂草生长速度；中期结合玉米中后期的快速生长，限制杂草吸收光热气，减少生殖发育；后期玉米收获，结合秸秆还田加速呕治发酵杂草。
一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用，其特征是，其组成成分及其重量百分比为：包括以下重量百分比的物质：藻酸钠5％-10％，缩二脲5-30%，亚硒酸钠1-5%，矿物油1％-10％，硝酸铵2％-25％，乳化剂1％-10％，黄腐酸钾1％-5%，羧甲基纤维素5％-30%，有机硅渗透剂3％-15％，黑色水溶性腐植酸3％-10％，红色着色剂0.3％-1％，余量为植物油补充；适用于玉米播种后及拔节期前杂草生长的调控；选择晴朗天，玉米田播种后10-15天进行第一次喷施液喷施；间隔15-20天后进行第二次喷施；每次每公顷玉米地喷施液配制剂为：每公顷450kg水加入玉米无公害除草剂3-15L；玉米田进行第一次喷施液喷施，每公顷450kg水加入玉米无公害除草剂3L；间隔5-15天后进行第二次喷施，每公顷450kg水加入玉米无公害除草剂5-15L。
具体实施方式
本发明优选实施例1.其组成成分及其重量百分比为 藻酸钠3％，缩二脲20%，亚硒酸钠5%，矿物油5％，硝酸铵10％，乳化剂10％，黄腐酸钾5%，羧甲基纤维素15%，有机硅渗透剂10％，黑色水溶性腐植酸10％，红色着色剂1％，余量为植物油补充；用于玉米播种后及拔节期前杂草生长的调控。
该玉米无公害除草剂的施用方法是：每公顷450kg水加入本发明除草剂3L，制成喷施液进行喷施；选择晴朗天，玉米播种后15天，进行第一次喷施液喷施；间隔15天后进行第二次喷施；要求喷施均匀，保证杂草每一叶片都均匀粘附药液；每次每公顷玉米田喷施喷施液约450kg水+玉米无公害除草悬浮剂5L；本发明能够前期控制杂草生长，通过适度控制杂草发育，控制杂草生长速度；中期结合玉米中后期的快速生长，限制杂草吸收光热气，减少生殖发育；后期玉米收获，结合秸秆还田加速沤治发酵杂草。
优选配比例2：藻酸钠8％，缩二脲5%，亚硒酸钠3%，矿物油8％，硝酸铵10％，乳化剂10％，黄腐酸钾5%，羧甲基纤维素10%，有机硅渗透剂15％，黑色水溶性腐植酸3％，红色着色剂0.3％，余量为植物油补充；用于玉米播种后及拔节期前杂草生长的调控；该玉米除草剂的施用方法是：每公顷450kg水加入本发明玉米无公害除草悬浮剂3L，制成喷施液进行喷施；选择晴朗天，玉米播种后10天，进行第一次喷施液喷施；间隔20天后进行第二次喷施；要求喷施均匀，保证每一叶片都均匀粘附药液。每次每公顷玉米田喷450kg水+玉米无公害除草悬浮剂液6L；本发明能够前期控制杂草生长，通过适度控制杂草发育，控制杂草生长速度；中期结合玉米中后期的快速生长，限制杂草吸收光热气，减少生殖发育；后期玉米收获，结合秸秆还田加速沤治发酵杂草。
从除草控草效果来看，优选配比例1优于优选配比例2；本发明能够适度控制杂草快速生长，从增产效果来看本发明玉米除草剂增产效果明显，并能明显改善玉米品质增加容重和千粒重；本发明增产的原因主要在于控制杂草生长速度和强度，间接加强了玉米田地持水性，提高地力，提高玉米产量和品质；综上，本发明玉米除草剂具有很好的无公害增产效果，并且具有提高玉米品级等优点，可有效提高农民收入。该药剂可在玉米种植过程中大力推广应用。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.本发明公开了一种玉米无公害除草悬浮剂的制备及应用，其特征是，适度控制杂草生长，补充微量元素；其组成成分及其重量百分比为：包括以下重量百分比的物质：藻酸钠5％-10％，缩二脲5％-30％，亚硒酸钠1％-5％，矿物油10％-30％，硝酸铵2％-25％，乳化剂5％-20％，黄腐酸钾1％-5％，羧甲基纤维素5％-30％，有机硅渗透剂5％-15％，黑色水溶性腐植酸3％-10％，红色着色剂0.3％-1％，余量为植物油补充；适用于玉米苗后及拔节期前杂草生长的调控。
2.权利要求1所述的玉米无公害除草剂的施用方法，其特征是，前期控制杂草生长速度，中期限制开花，后期加速沤治发酵；选择晴朗天，玉米田苗后进行第一次喷施液喷施；间隔15-20天后进行第二次喷施。
3.如权利要求2所述的玉米无公害除草剂的施用方法，其特征是，所述每次每公顷玉米地喷施液配制剂为：每公顷450kg水加入权利要求1所述的玉米无公害除草剂3-15L。
4.如权利要求3所述的玉米无公害除草剂的施用方法，其特征是，玉米播种后10-15进行第一次喷施液喷施，每公顷450kg水加入权利要求1所述的玉米无公害除草剂3L；间隔15-20天后进行下次喷施，每公顷450kg水加入权利要求1所述的玉米无公害除草剂5-15L。
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