CN108132167B - Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water - Google Patents
Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108132167B CN108132167B CN201810052008.0A CN201810052008A CN108132167B CN 108132167 B CN108132167 B CN 108132167B CN 201810052008 A CN201810052008 A CN 201810052008A CN 108132167 B CN108132167 B CN 108132167B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- adsorption
- rod
- adsorption rod
- heavy metal
- produced water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007436 olfactory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic adsorption sampling component for water quality heavy metal detection, which comprises an adsorption rod, wherein the adsorption rod is a barrel-shaped shell, a cover is arranged at the upper end of the adsorption rod, and a bulge and a through hole are arranged on the surface of the shell; the bulges are uniformly arranged in a spiral line mode from bottom to top; the through holes are uniformly arranged in a matrix manner, the adsorption rod comprises an adsorption rod I and an adsorption rod II, the cover is provided with connecting rods, and the two connecting rods are hinged through a hinge shaft; when the sampling rod is placed in water containing metal ions, the adsorption rod I and the adsorption rod II rotate back and forth around the hinge shaft to cause water flow disturbance, meanwhile, the protrusions on the surface of the adsorption rod further cause disturbance of a flow field, the flow speed is reduced, and the adsorption rod is contacted, so that more metal ions are adsorbed by the adsorbent through the through holes, and the adsorption efficiency is improved. The bionic structure can change the water flow field under the working state, thereby being beneficial to the adsorption of the adsorbent to the metal ions and improving the adsorption efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal detection, and particularly relates to a bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water.
Background
In the process of oil field exploitation, a large amount of oil field produced water is generated, the oil field produced water contains various heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, cobalt and the like, and the heavy metals discharged along with wastewater can accumulate in algae and bottom mud even if the concentration is small, enter a food chain and generate concentration of the food chain, so that pollution is caused. However, the conventional water quality detection component is difficult to detect the concentration of lower heavy metal, and the metal ions are required to be enriched and sampled by the adsorption device and then measured, so that the adsorption capacity directly determines the detection precision and accuracy in the later stage. Along with the gradual improvement of monitoring dynamics, more convenient and efficient adsorption sampling components are needed.
The unique olfactory function of the catfish tentacles plays an important role in physiological activities of the catfish tentacles, and researches find that a large number of protruding structures exist on the surfaces of the catfish tentacles, so that the tentacles move and change flow field distribution by combining the protruding structures on the surfaces in the process of collecting taste information, the contact of the tentacles with odor molecules is enhanced, the adsorption efficiency of gas molecules is improved, and the sensitivity of smell is enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water, which can improve the heavy metal adsorption efficiency; the bionic device designs an adsorption cavity shell structure of an adsorption sampling device according to the fact that a large number of protruding structures exist on the surface of catfish tentacles; designing the movement of the adsorption sampling device according to the movement of tentacles in the process of collecting taste information of catfish; the two-point design is integrated to change the flow field around the sampling cavity and improve the adsorption efficiency.
A bionical absorption sampling component for oilfield produced water heavy metal detects, it includes adsorption rod, its characterized in that: the adsorption rod is a barrel-shaped shell, the upper end of the adsorption rod is provided with a cover, and the surface of the shell is provided with a bulge 1 and a through hole 2; the bulges 1 are uniformly arranged in a spiral line mode from bottom to top;
the through holes 2 are uniformly arranged in a matrix;
the number of the through holes 2 is 870, 29 layers are uniformly distributed from top to bottom, 30 layers of each layer are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the layer, the through holes 2 of two adjacent layers are not staggered, and the distance between every two layers is 20-30mm; the diameter of the through hole 2 is 3-4mm.
The helix angle of the helix of the arrangement of the bulges 1 is 45-50 degrees, and the vertical distance between two adjacent bulges 1 on the same helix is 20-30mm;
the number of the spiral lines is 6;
the diameter of the adsorption rod is 10-20mm, the height is 500-1000mm, and the wall thickness is 1-3mm;
the adsorption rod comprises an adsorption rod IA and an adsorption rod IIB, a connecting rod is arranged on the cover, and the two connecting rods are hinged through a hinge shaft 5;
the spiral line is 6 and is also provided with an included angle control device of the adsorption rod I and the adsorption rod II B;
the included angle control device controls the adsorption rod IA and the adsorption rod IIB to swing back and forth around the hinge shaft 5 in the adsorption sampling process, and the included angle is from 45 degrees to 60 degrees and then from 45 degrees to 60 degrees to be circularly reciprocated, and the speed is 1 degree per second.
The invention provides a bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water, which comprises an adsorption rod, wherein the adsorption rod is a barrel-shaped shell, a cover is arranged at the upper end of the adsorption rod, and a bulge and a through hole are arranged on the surface of the shell; the bulges are uniformly arranged in a spiral line mode from bottom to top; the through holes are uniformly arranged in a matrix manner, the adsorption rod comprises an adsorption rod I and an adsorption rod II, the cover is provided with connecting rods, and the two connecting rods are hinged through a hinge shaft; when the sampling rod is placed in water containing metal ions, the adsorption rod IA and the adsorption rod IIB rotate reciprocally around the hinge shaft to cause water flow disturbance, meanwhile, the protrusions 1 on the surfaces of the adsorption rod IA and the adsorption rod IIB further cause the flow field to be disturbed, the flow speed is reduced, the contact between the metal ions and the adsorption rod IA and the adsorption rod IIB is increased, more metal ions are adsorbed by the adsorbent 8 through the through holes 2, and the adsorption efficiency is improved.
The bionic structure can change the water flow field under the working state, is favorable for the adsorption of the adsorbent to the flowing metal ions, and improves the adsorption efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bionic adsorption sampling member;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an adsorption rod;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of section a-a of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of b-b of FIG. 2;
wherein: A. an adsorption rod I; B. an adsorption rod II; 1. a protrusion; 2. a through hole; 3. a cover I; 4. a connecting rod I; 5. a hinge shaft; 6. a connecting rod II; 7. a cover II; 8. an adsorbent.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the invention consists of an adsorption rod IA, an adsorption rod IIB, a bulge 1, a through hole 2, a cover I3, a connecting rod I4, a hinge 5, a connecting rod II 6, a cover II 7 and an adsorbent 8, wherein the adsorption rod A is a cylindrical shell, the bulge 1 and the through hole 2 are arranged on the surface of the adsorption rod A, the bottom surface of the cover I3 is connected with the top end of the adsorption rod IA, the top surface of the cover I3 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod I4, the bottom surface of the cover II 7 is connected with the top end of the adsorption rod IIB, the top surface of the cover II 7 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod II 6, the connecting rod I4 and the connecting rod II 6 are connected through the hinge 5, and the adsorbents 8 are arranged in the shells of the adsorption rod IA and the adsorption rod IIB;
the included angle control device is a telescopic rod, two ends of the telescopic rod are connected with the connecting rod I4 and the connecting rod II 6, and the telescopic rod can rotate reciprocally around the hinge shaft 5 in the adsorption sampling process under the control of air pressure or oil pressure, and the rotating angle is the same as that of the telescopic rod45 ° -60 °, rotational speed of 1 ° per second. The adsorbent 8 is arranged in the cavities of the adsorption rods IA and IIB, so that the adsorption of heavy metals to be sampled can be realized.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the adsorption rods IA and IIB have a diameter d 1 Is 10-20mm high h 1 Is 580-870mm in wall thickness t 1 A cylindrical housing of 1-3mm, the cylindrical housing bottomThe end is closed, and the top is not closed;
the bulges 1 are uniformly arranged on the surfaces of the adsorption rods IA and IIB in a manner of 6 spiral lines, and the spiral angle of each spiral line is equal to that of each spiral line45-50 DEG, and the vertical distance L between two adjacent bulges 1 on the same spiral line 1 20-30mm.
The surfaces of the adsorption rods IA and IIB are provided with 870 through holes 2, 29 layers of the adsorption rods are uniformly distributed from top to bottom, 30 layers of adsorption rods are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the adsorption rods, the through holes 2 of two adjacent layers are not staggered, and the distance L between every two layers 1 20-30mm; diameter d of through hole 2 3 3-4mm;
specific embodiments for adsorption sampling of different metal ions are as follows: when the metal lead adsorption sampling is carried out, the adsorbent 8 is a metal lead adsorbent; when the metal mercury is adsorbed and sampled, the adsorbent 8 is a metal mercury adsorbent; when the metal cadmium is adsorbed and sampled, the adsorbent 8 is a metal cadmium adsorbent; when the metal cobalt adsorption sampling is carried out, the adsorbent 8 is a metal cobalt adsorbent.
Claims (6)
1. A bionical absorption sampling component for oilfield produced water heavy metal detects, it includes adsorption rod, its characterized in that: the adsorption rod is a barrel-shaped shell, the upper end of the adsorption rod is provided with a cover, and the surface of the shell is provided with a bulge (1) and a through hole (2); the bulges (1) are uniformly arranged in a spiral line mode from bottom to top;
the adsorption rod comprises an adsorption rod I (A) and an adsorption rod II (B), a connecting rod is arranged on the cover, and the two connecting rods are hinged through a hinge shaft (5);
the device is also provided with an included angle control device for the adsorption rod I (A) and the adsorption rod II (B).
2. The bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle control device controls the adsorption rod I (A) and the adsorption rod II (B) to swing back and forth around the hinge shaft (5) in the adsorption sampling process, and the included angle is from 45 degrees to 60 degrees and then from 45 degrees to 60 degrees to be circularly reciprocated, so that the speed is 1 degree per second.
3. The bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the through holes (2) are uniformly arranged in a matrix.
4. The biomimetic adsorption sampling member for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water of claim 3, wherein: the number of the through holes (2) is 870, 29 layers are uniformly distributed from top to bottom, 30 layers of the through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the layer, the through holes (2) of two adjacent layers are not staggered, and the distance between every two layers is 20-30mm; the diameter of the through hole (2) is 3-4mm.
5. The bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water of claim 4, wherein: the helix angle of the helix of the arrangement of the bulges (1) is 45-50 degrees, and the vertical distance between two adjacent bulges (1) on the same helix is 20-30mm.
6. The bionic adsorption sampling member for heavy metal detection in oilfield produced water of claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the adsorption rod is 10-20mm, the height is 500-1000mm, and the wall thickness is 1-3mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810052008.0A CN108132167B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810052008.0A CN108132167B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108132167A CN108132167A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
| CN108132167B true CN108132167B (en) | 2024-01-16 |
Family
ID=62400625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810052008.0A Active CN108132167B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108132167B (en) |
Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19851821A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Gas detector for trace quantities of dioxins and furans in municipal incineration captures and desorbs traces to a co-located detector |
| KR20090077215A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-15 | 주식회사 제우스 | Adsorptive Separation Separators |
| RU2008125809A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-27 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. (KR) | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING AND DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES |
| CN202494588U (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-10-17 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Passive air sampler |
| CN104483423A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device and method as well as trace detection device |
| CN104517799A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-15 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Detection apparatus and detection method |
| CN105339773A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2016-02-17 | 普欧达加恩公司 | Fluid-tightly sealable sampling device |
| CN105699130A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-22 | 吉林大学 | Electronic tongue intermittent sampling device of bionic drilling fluid |
| WO2016170309A1 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-10-27 | Endet Limited | Sorbent tube holder |
| CN106168547A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2016-11-30 | 吉林大学 | A kind of bionical gas absorption sampling apparatus |
| CN106353426A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 科邦检测集团有限公司 | Badge type passive air sampler based on MCM-41 molecular sieve |
| CN106680042A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 无锡中衡环境科技有限公司 | Air particulate sampler |
| CN206330795U (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆山楂树科技有限公司 | The sampler of quick sampling air |
| CN107144450A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-08 | 国家烟草质量监督检验中心 | A kind of cigarette holder and its application suitable for rotating disc type smoking machine provided with adsorbent chamber |
| CN208012915U (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-26 | 吉林大学 | Bionical adsorption sampling component for oil field extracted water heavy metal analysis |
-
2018
- 2018-01-19 CN CN201810052008.0A patent/CN108132167B/en active Active
Patent Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19851821A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Gas detector for trace quantities of dioxins and furans in municipal incineration captures and desorbs traces to a co-located detector |
| KR20090077215A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-15 | 주식회사 제우스 | Adsorptive Separation Separators |
| RU2008125809A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-27 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. (KR) | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING AND DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES |
| CN202494588U (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-10-17 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Passive air sampler |
| CN105339773A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2016-02-17 | 普欧达加恩公司 | Fluid-tightly sealable sampling device |
| CN104517799A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-15 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Detection apparatus and detection method |
| CN104483423A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device and method as well as trace detection device |
| WO2016170309A1 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-10-27 | Endet Limited | Sorbent tube holder |
| CN106680042A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 无锡中衡环境科技有限公司 | Air particulate sampler |
| CN105699130A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-22 | 吉林大学 | Electronic tongue intermittent sampling device of bionic drilling fluid |
| CN106353426A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 科邦检测集团有限公司 | Badge type passive air sampler based on MCM-41 molecular sieve |
| CN106168547A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2016-11-30 | 吉林大学 | A kind of bionical gas absorption sampling apparatus |
| CN206330795U (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆山楂树科技有限公司 | The sampler of quick sampling air |
| CN107144450A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-08 | 国家烟草质量监督检验中心 | A kind of cigarette holder and its application suitable for rotating disc type smoking machine provided with adsorbent chamber |
| CN208012915U (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-26 | 吉林大学 | Bionical adsorption sampling component for oil field extracted water heavy metal analysis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108132167A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN209841462U (en) | A water quality monitoring sampling device | |
| Jiang et al. | Recent advances in sensors for electrochemical analysis of nitrate in food and environmental matrices | |
| CN214486165U (en) | Multi-direction filtering mechanism and aerosol production device of giving vent to anger | |
| CN209673443U (en) | A kind of water quality detection sampler | |
| CN108132167B (en) | Bionic adsorption sampling component for heavy metal detection of oilfield produced water | |
| CN208012915U (en) | Bionical adsorption sampling component for oil field extracted water heavy metal analysis | |
| CN108507837A (en) | A kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water | |
| CN109632019A (en) | Flowmeter | |
| CN111442966A (en) | In-situ extraction, enrichment and sampling device and method for organic pollutants in seawater | |
| CN120521918A (en) | A sampling and survey device for hydrogeological monitoring | |
| CN108107175B (en) | Hydrology monitoring system | |
| CN219475029U (en) | Isolated sampling device for seawater detection | |
| CN108061787B (en) | Oilfield produced water quality heavy metal detection device | |
| CN217156044U (en) | Sampling device for in situ enrichment of phosphate in water bodies | |
| CN205744706U (en) | Tank drainback Magnetitum defecator | |
| CN205861382U (en) | Deep-water fixed depth sampling device | |
| CN210150829U (en) | Filter element for softening water | |
| CN103566627A (en) | Oil-water separating device | |
| CN114062630A (en) | A water pollution monitoring device with automatic sampling mechanism | |
| CN209894810U (en) | Water quality detection device | |
| CN208383865U (en) | A kind of oil field extracted water water quality heavy metal analysis device | |
| CN208095898U (en) | A kind of upper salt hopper of casing processing | |
| CN221260525U (en) | Sampling device | |
| CN117129273B (en) | Sewage passive sampling device and sampling method thereof | |
| CN219957561U (en) | Oilfield produced water quality detection device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |