CN108123220B - Low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna - Google Patents
Low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108123220B CN108123220B CN201810107976.7A CN201810107976A CN108123220B CN 108123220 B CN108123220 B CN 108123220B CN 201810107976 A CN201810107976 A CN 201810107976A CN 108123220 B CN108123220 B CN 108123220B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of antennas and discloses a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna, which comprises a feed layer and a radiation layer, wherein the feed layer is positioned below the radiation layer; the feed layer comprises a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing units, each H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing unit comprises a plurality of H-face single-ridge waveguide power dividers, and each H-face single-ridge waveguide power divider is used for converting a single TE10 mode from a standard waveguide port into a plurality of TE10 mode signals; the power among the multiple paths of TE10 mode signals is different, and the phases are the same; the ratio of power between the multiple TE10 mode signals is determined by the unequal distribution. The H-plane single-ridge waveguide power divider is a T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider. The invention provides a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna which has low sidelobe, narrow beam, low profile, easy processing and simple assembly, and can reduce the sidelobe and obtain narrower beam width.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna.
Background
With the increase of the requirements for radar anti-interference and the development of modern electronic industry, the antenna is required to have low side lobe or extremely low side lobe performance so as to reduce the interference of the surrounding environment on the received signal. In recent years, high-performance array antennas with high sensitivity, wide frequency band, low profile and low side lobe are widely applied in the fields of radar, communication, remote sensing and telemetry, space technology and the like due to the characteristics of multiple frequency bands and low cost.
The array antenna forms commonly used at present mainly comprise a microstrip array antenna and a waveguide slot array antenna.
Microstrip array antennas have characteristics of low profile, low cost, light weight, easy processing, etc., but when the frequency increases or the antenna array scale becomes large, microstrip array antenna conductor loss and dielectric loss cause the insertion loss thereof to increase, so that high frequency, high efficiency, and high gain cannot be achieved at the same time.
The waveguide slot array antenna cuts off a current line on the inner wall by cutting one or a plurality of slots on the conductor wall of the waveguide tube, one part of the current on the surface of the inner wall of the waveguide tube at the slots bypasses the slots, the other part of the current flows through the slots in the original direction in the form of displacement current, and the current line at the slot openings generates radiation. The waveguide slot array antenna has the characteristics of low conductor loss, high efficiency, stable performance and the like.
The conventional waveguide slot array antenna includes a feed layer and a radiation layer, the feed layer is generally composed of a rectangular waveguide, and due to the large size of the rectangular waveguide structure, the design flexibility is lacking, it is difficult to design a suitable power weighted waveguide feed network in consideration of the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna aperture, and when the required power ratio is too large, the phase difference is too large, and the rectangular waveguide cannot be realized.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna with low side lobe, high gain, high frequency, narrow beam, low profile, easy processing, and simple assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna, which can reduce sidelobes and obtain narrower beam width.
The invention discloses a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna, which comprises a feed layer and a radiation layer, wherein the feed layer is positioned below the radiation layer;
the feed layer comprises a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing units, each H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing unit comprises a plurality of H-face single-ridge waveguide power dividers, and each H-face single-ridge waveguide power divider is used for converting a single TE10 mode from a standard waveguide port into a plurality of TE10 mode signals;
the power and the phase of the multiple TE10 mode signals are different and the phases are the same; the ratio of power between the multiple TE10 mode signals is determined by the unequal distribution.
In a preferred embodiment, the H-plane single-ridge waveguide power divider is a T-plane single-ridge waveguide power divider.
In a preferred embodiment, the feed layer comprises a feed network comprising a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power splitting units comprising 3T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power splitters.
In a preferred embodiment, the unequal distribution comprises a taylor distribution, chebyshev distribution, or binomial distribution.
In a preferred embodiment, the radiation layer includes a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit, and a third radiation unit stacked from bottom to top; the first radiating unit comprises a first metal flat plate and a first radiating array arranged on the first metal flat plate, and the first radiating array comprises a plurality of radiating cavities arranged at intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, the second radiating unit comprises a second metal flat plate and a second radiating array arranged on the second metal flat plate, the second radiating array comprises a plurality of first radiating groups arranged at intervals, the first radiating groups are communicated with the radiating cavities in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the first radiating groups comprise a plurality of first radiating holes, a plurality of second rectangular cavities are arranged on the lower surface of the second metal flat plate, the second rectangular cavities are positioned between the two rows of first radiating holes, and the energy proportion of the two rows of first radiating holes is finely adjusted by finely adjusting the positions of the second rectangular cavities.
In a preferred embodiment, the third radiating element includes a third metal plate and a third radiating array disposed on the third metal plate, and the third radiating array includes a plurality of second radiating groups disposed at intervals, and the second radiating groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the first radiating groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider comprises three sections of metal ridges and rectangular bottom plates which are intermittently arranged in a T-shaped manner, the rectangular bottom plates are respectively connected with the metal ridges, square waveguide cavities are arranged between the rectangular bottom plates and the metal ridges, the power distribution proportion is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the metal ridges and T-shaped junctions, and the rectangular bottom plates and the metal ridges are both used for impedance matching.
In a preferred embodiment, the feed layer comprises 2n 2 Output ports and an input port, 2n 2 The output ports are distributed from the middle to the two ends in Taylor mode, and the feed layer is divided into two n 2 The two feed networks are connected by a large equal-amplitude in-phase T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider, are symmetrical about the T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider and have the same energy distribution;
the feed network comprisesAn H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network, < >>The H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks are uniformly distributed to form +.>Go->The 1 st-stage feed network array of the columns takes an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows multiplied by 2 columns in the 1 st-stage feed network array as 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network units, and 4 in each 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unitThe input ends of the H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks are connected through an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
h-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network input endsGo->The 2 nd level feed network array of the row takes an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows multiplied by 2 columns in the 2 nd level feed network array as a 2 nd level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the 2 nd level feed network array comprises->The input ends of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in each 2 nd-level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are connected through one H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
and so on, until the k-1 level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit only comprises 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks forms a k-1 level feed network array, the input ends of the 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in the k-1 level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network units are also connected through a k level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the input ends of the k level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are completely identical with the other n through a T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider with the same amplitude and the same phase 2 And the input port of the k-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing network unit of the feeding network of the output port is connected.
In a preferred embodiment, four output ends of each H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network in the 1 st-stage feed network are respectively provided with a single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter, and the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converters are connected with the first radiation units in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter comprises a first E-surface step, a second E-surface step, an H-surface step, a rectangular waveguide output port, a single-ridge waveguide input port and a rectangular cavity;
the left side of the rectangular cavity is provided with a first E-face step and a second E-face step, the height of the first E-face step is lower than that of the rectangular cavity, and the first E-face step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity;
the second E surface step is positioned above the first E surface step, the lower surface of the second E surface step is in fit connection with the upper surface of the first E surface step, the width of the second E surface step is smaller than that of the first E surface step, and the second E surface step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity;
the right side of the rectangular cavity is provided with an H-surface step, the H-surface step is connected with the right side wall and the rear side wall of the rectangular cavity, and the height of the H-surface step is equal to that of the rectangular cavity;
the upper surface of the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter is provided with a rectangular waveguide output port communicated with the rectangular cavity;
the front side surface of the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter is provided with a single-ridge waveguide input port, the single-ridge waveguide input port is communicated with the rectangular cavity, the height of the single-ridge waveguide input port is equal to that of the rectangular cavity, and the bottom surface of the single-ridge waveguide input port and the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane;
the single-ridge waveguide input port is provided with a ridge step extending to the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity, the ridge step comprises a first ridge step and a second ridge step which are sequentially connected, the height of the first ridge step is larger than that of the second ridge step, and the height of the first ridge step is smaller than that of the rectangular cavity;
the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter is used for carrying out impedance matching and reducing return loss caused by discontinuity of a rectangular waveguide structure and a single-ridge waveguide structure, so that the structure has good broadband transmission characteristics.
In the present application, a number of technical features are described in the specification, and are distributed in each technical solution, which makes the specification too lengthy if all possible combinations of technical features (i.e. technical solutions) of the present application are to be listed. In order to avoid this problem, the technical features disclosed in the above summary of the present application, the technical features disclosed in the following embodiments and examples, and the technical features disclosed in the drawings may be freely combined with each other to constitute various new technical solutions (these technical solutions are all regarded as being already described in the present specification) unless such a combination of technical features is technically impossible. For example, in one example, feature a+b+c is disclosed, in another example, feature a+b+d+e is disclosed, and features C and D are equivalent technical means that perform the same function, technically only by alternative use, and may not be adopted simultaneously, feature E may be technically combined with feature C, and then the solution of a+b+c+d should not be considered as already described because of technical impossibility, and the solution of a+b+c+e should be considered as already described.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following differences and effects:
the invention provides a low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna with low sidelobe, narrow beam, low profile, easy processing and simple assembly. The single-ridge waveguide parallel feed network adopts Taylor distribution to obtain lower side lobes and narrower beam width, has compact structure, can reduce cut-off frequency and widen main mode bandwidth, wherein the single-ridge waveguide structure can simply and flexibly design a power division structure to obtain larger power ratio on the basis of reducing the volume of the waveguide structure and the section of an antenna, and can obtain specific side lobes through accurate power ratio.
Furthermore, the invention converts a single-path TE10 mode fed from a standard waveguide port into TE10 mode signals with different multi-path powers and the same phase by utilizing an H-plane single-ridge rectangular waveguide power divider, the power proportion is determined by Taylor comprehensive distribution, and the narrow beam width can be obtained while the side lobe is reduced. And the T-shaped junction of the H-plane single-ridge rectangular waveguide can reduce the broadside size under the given frequency, can realize miniaturization and low profile, and can easily realize the large-scale power ratio required under the condition of identical phases.
Further, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are arranged in a layered mode, signal leakage can be prevented, processing requirements and assembly requirements are reduced, better precision is easy to achieve, low profile is facilitated, miniaturization design is achieved, and the processing mode is easy to install and light.
It is understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described technical features of the present invention and technical features specifically described below (as embodiments and examples) may be combined with each other to constitute new or preferred technical solutions. And are limited to a space, and are not described in detail herein.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a radiation layer of the low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a first radiating element of the low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural view of a radiation cavity of a first radiation element of the low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a second radiating element of the low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a third radiating element of the low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a feed layer of the low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an exemplary detailed view of a first T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an exemplary detailed view of a second T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram of a single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter of the low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the upper surface 1 of the first metal flat plate
Radiation cavity 2
The middle part 3 of the front side wall and the middle part 4 of the rear side wall of the radiation cavity 2
The middle part 5 of the left side wall and the middle part 6 of the right side wall of the radiation cavity 2
Input port 7
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the claimed invention may be practiced without these specific details and with various changes and modifications from the embodiments that follow.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A first embodiment of the present application relates to a low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna, and fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention, including a feed layer and a radiation layer, where the feed layer is located below the radiation layer;
the feed layer comprises a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing units, each H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing unit comprises a plurality of H-face single-ridge waveguide power dividers, and each H-face single-ridge waveguide power divider is used for converting a single TE10 mode from a standard waveguide port into a plurality of TE10 mode signals; optionally, the H-plane single-ridge waveguide power divider is a T-plane single-ridge waveguide power divider.
The power among the multiple paths of TE10 mode signals is different, and the phases are the same; the ratio of power between the multiple TE10 mode signals is determined by the unequal distribution. Optionally, the unequal distribution comprises a taylor distribution, a chebyshev distribution, or a binomial distribution.
In one embodiment, the feed layer is structured as shown in FIG. 7 to include 2n 2 An output port and an input port, the 2n 2 The output ports present a Taylor distribution with gradually-tapered energy from the middle to the two ends, and the feed layer is divided into two n 2 The feed networks of the output ports are connected by a large T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider with the same amplitude and phase, and the feed networks are symmetrical about the T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider and have the same energy distribution;
the feed network comprisesAn H-shaped single ridge waveguide power division network, wherein the N is a part of the N>The H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks are uniformly distributed to form +.>Go->The system comprises a 1 st-stage feed network array of columns, wherein an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows by 2 columns in the 1 st-stage feed network array is used as a 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the input ends of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in each 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are connected through an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
the H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of the input ends of the 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks comprisesGo->A 2 nd-stage feed network array of columns, wherein an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows and 2 columns in the 2 nd-stage feed network array is used as a 2 nd-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the 2 nd-stage feed network array comprises->The input ends of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in each 2 nd-level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are connected through one H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
and so on, forming a k-1 level feed network array by only k-1 level H-type single-ridge waveguide power division network units comprising 4H-type single-ridge waveguide power division networks, wherein 4H-type single-ridge waveguide power division networks in the k-1 level H-type single-ridge waveguide power division network unitsThe input end of the (2) is also connected with a k-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the input port of the k-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit is completely the same as the other n through a T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider with the same amplitude and the same phase 2 And the input ports of the k-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing network units of the output port feed network are connected.
In one embodiment, four output ends of each H-type single-ridge waveguide power division network in the 1 st-stage feed network are respectively provided with a single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter, and the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converters are connected with the first radiation units in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
fig. 10 is a block diagram of a single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter of the low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention. The single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter comprises a rectangular metal block, a rectangular cavity is arranged in the rectangular metal block, a first E-face step and a second E-face step are arranged on the left side of the rectangular cavity, the height of the first E-face step is lower than that of the rectangular cavity, the first E-face step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity, the second E-face step is located on the first E-face step, the lower surface of the second E-face step is connected with the upper surface of the first E-face step in a fitting mode, the width of the second E-face step is smaller than that of the first E-face step, and the second E-face step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity.
The right side of the rectangular cavity is provided with an H-face step, the H-face step is connected with the right side wall and the rear side wall of the rectangular cavity, the height of the H-face step is equal to that of the rectangular cavity, and the upper surface of the rectangular metal block is provided with a rectangular waveguide output port communicated with the rectangular cavity.
Be provided with single ridge waveguide input port on the leading flank of rectangle metal piece, single ridge waveguide input port and rectangle cavity intercommunication, single ridge waveguide input port's height is equal with the height of rectangle cavity, single ridge waveguide input port's bottom surface is located the coplanar with the bottom surface of rectangle cavity, single ridge waveguide input port's bottom surface is provided with the spine ladder that extends to on the rectangle cavity bottom surface, the spine ladder is including the first spine step and the second spine step that connect gradually, the height of first spine step is greater than the height of second spine step, the height of first spine step is less than the height of rectangle cavity. In the structure, a first ridge step is arranged at the joint of the single ridge waveguide and the rectangular waveguide, an H-plane step with the same height as the rectangular waveguide is arranged at the corner of the H-plane of the rectangular waveguide, a first E-plane step and a second E-plane step are arranged at the corner of the E-plane of the rectangular waveguide, and the second ridge step, the first E-plane step, the second E-plane step and the H-plane step are used for impedance matching, so that return loss caused by structural discontinuity is reduced, and the structure has good broadband transmission characteristics. The corresponding impedances of the rectangular waveguide structure (without ridge) and the single ridge waveguide structure are different when the wave propagates, and the single ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter effectively reduces the return loss caused by impedance mismatch.
In one embodiment, the H-type single-ridge waveguide power divider network unit comprises an input port and four output ports, and comprises 3T-type single-ridge waveguide power dividers with different amplitude and phases, wherein the amplitude proportion of the 3T-type single-ridge waveguide power dividers with different amplitude and phases in each H-type single-ridge waveguide power divider network unit is different and is determined by the proportion obtained by calculating the numerical value of taylor distribution;
the H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider network unit comprises two T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividers with different structures, fig. 8 is an exemplary detailed view of a first T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider according to the present invention, and fig. 9 is an exemplary detailed view of a second T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider according to the present invention.
The first T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider is characterized in that the joint of 3 sections of single-ridge waveguides which are placed in a T-shaped cross mode is replaced by a square waveguide cavity, a rectangular bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the square waveguide cavity and is respectively connected with ridges in three sections of single-ridge waveguides, the height of the rectangular bottom plate is smaller than half of the height of a third rectangular cavity, the power distribution proportion is adjusted by adjusting the distance that the metal ridges extend into the T-shaped intersection, the positions of the metal ridges in all H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network units are different, and the rectangular bottom plate and the metal ridges are used for impedance matching;
the second T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider is similar to the first T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider in structure, and the difference is that the single-ridge waveguide of one output of the second T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider is wholly offset by a certain distance, and the distance is determined by the phase difference of two output ports.
In one embodiment, the radiation layer includes a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit, and a third radiation unit stacked from bottom to top; fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a radiation layer of the waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention; fig. 3 is a block diagram of a first radiating element of the waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention; fig. 5 is a block diagram of a second radiating element of the waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention; fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a third radiating element of the waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.
The first radiating unit comprises a first metal flat plate and a first radiating array arranged on the first metal flat plate, wherein the first radiating array comprises 2n arranged at intervals 2 A plurality of radiation cavities, n=2 k K is a positive integer of 2 or more. The radiation cavity 2 is a first rectangular concave cavity arranged on the upper surface 1 of the first metal flat plate, and 2n 2 The radiation cavities 2 are distributed on the first metal flat plate 1 in an n-row x 2 n-column mode, the middle part 3 of the front side wall and the middle part 4 of the rear side wall of the radiation cavity 2 are respectively provided with a first matching plate, the middle part 5 of the left side wall and the middle part 6 of the right side wall of the radiation cavity 2 are respectively provided with a second matching plate, the front side wall direction of the radiation cavity 2 is taken as the length direction, the left side wall direction of the radiation cavity 2 is taken as the width direction, the heights of the first matching plate and the second matching plate are equal to the height of the radiation cavity 2, the upper end face of the first matching plate and the upper end face of the second matching plate are positioned on the same plane with the upper end face of the first metal flat plate, the length of the first matching plate is not more than one fifth of the length of the radiation cavity 2, the width of the first matching plate is not more than one fifth of the width of the radiation cavity 2, the width of the second matching plate is not more than one third of the width of the radiation cavity 2, the bottom end of each radiation cavity 2 is provided with a rectangular input port 7 extending to the lower surface of the first metal flat plate 7, the input port 7 is parallel to the front side wall 7 of the front side wall 7 is parallel to the front side wall 7 of the radiation cavity 2The side wall is parallel to the left side wall of the radiation cavity 2, the center of the input port 7 overlaps with the center of the radiation cavity 2, the length of the input port 7 is smaller than the distance between the two second matching plates, and the width of the input port 7 is smaller than the distance between the two first matching plates.
The second radiating unit comprises a second metal flat plate and a second radiating array arranged on the second metal flat plate, and the second radiating array comprises 2n 2 First radiation groups 2n arranged at intervals 2 The first radiation groups are arranged on the second metal flat plate in a mode of n rows and 2n columns, and 2n 2 First radiation group and 2n 2 The radiation cavities are communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the first radiation groups comprise four first radiation holes which are arranged at intervals of 2 rows and 2 columns, the first radiation holes are rectangular holes which extend from the upper surface of the second metal flat plate to the lower surface of the second metal flat plate, and the four first radiation holes in each first radiation group are positioned right above the radiation cavities which are communicated with the first radiation holes in a corresponding manner. The front side walls of the two first radiation holes positioned in the 1 st row are flush with the front side wall of the radiation cavity, the rear side walls of the two first radiation holes positioned in the 2 nd row are flush with the rear side wall of the radiation cavity, the left side walls of the two first radiation holes positioned in the 1 st column are flush with the left side wall of the radiation cavity, and the right side walls of the two first radiation holes positioned in the 2 nd column are flush with the right side wall of the radiation cavity; the lower surface of the second metal flat plate is provided with 2n 2 The height of the second rectangular concave cavity is smaller than that of the first radiating holes, the width of the second rectangular concave cavity is smaller than the distance between the two rows of the first radiating holes, the second rectangular concave cavity is located between the two rows of the first radiating holes, and the energy proportion of the two rows of the first radiating holes is finely adjusted by finely adjusting the position of the second rectangular concave cavity.
The third radiating element comprises a third metal flat plate and a third radiating array arranged on the third metal flat plate, and the third radiating array comprises 2n 2 Second radiation groups 2n arranged at intervals 2 The second radiation groups are arranged on the third metal flat plate in a mode of n rows and 2n columns, and 2n 2 Second radiation group and 2n 2 The first radiation groups are communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the second radiation groups comprise four second radiation holes which are arranged at intervals of 2 rows and 2 columnsThe second radiation holes are rectangular holes extending from the upper surface of the third metal flat plate to the lower surface of the third metal flat plate, the lengths of the second radiation holes are equal to those of the first radiation holes, the widths of the second radiation holes are larger than those of the first radiation holes, and the four second radiation holes in the second radiation group are completely overlapped with the centers of one-to-one correspondence of the four first radiation holes in the first radiation group communicated with the second radiation holes.
It should be noted that in the present patent application, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. In the present patent application, if it is mentioned that an action is performed according to an element, it means that the action is performed at least according to the element, and two cases are included: the act is performed solely on the basis of the element and is performed on the basis of the element and other elements.
All documents mentioned in this application are incorporated by reference as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Further, it is understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna is characterized by comprising a feed layer and a radiation layer, wherein the feed layer is positioned below the radiation layer;
the feed layer comprises a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing units, each H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power dividing unit comprises a plurality of H-face single-ridge waveguide power dividers, and each H-face single-ridge waveguide power divider is used for converting a single TE10 mode from a standard waveguide port into a plurality of TE10 mode signals;
the power among the multiple paths of TE10 mode signals is different, and the phases are the same; the ratio of the power among the multiple TE10 mode signals is determined by unequal distribution;
the feed layer comprises 2n 2 An output port and an input port, the 2n 2 The output ports present a Taylor distribution with gradually-tapered energy from the middle to the two ends, and the feed layer is divided into two n 2 The feed networks of the output ports are connected by a large T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider with the same amplitude and phase, and the feed networks are symmetrical about the T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider and have the same energy distribution;
the feed network comprisesAn H-shaped single ridge waveguide power division network, wherein the N is a part of the N>The H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks are uniformly distributed to form +.>Go->The system comprises a 1 st-stage feed network array of columns, wherein an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows by 2 columns in the 1 st-stage feed network array is used as a 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the input ends of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in each 1 st-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are connected through an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
the H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of the input ends of the 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks comprisesGo->A 2 nd-stage feed network array of columns, wherein an H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network of 2 rows and 2 columns in the 2 nd-stage feed network array is used as a 2 nd-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the 2 nd-stage feed network array comprises->The input ends of 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in each 2 nd-level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are connected through one H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network;
and so on, until the k-1 level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit only comprises 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks forms a k-1 level feed network array, the input ends of the 4H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division networks in the k-1 level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are also connected through a k level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit, and the input ends of the k level H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network unit are completely identical with one another n through a T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider with the same amplitude and the same phase 2 The input ports of the k-th-stage H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power division network units of the output port feed network are connected;
the radiation layer comprises a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit and a third radiation unit which are laminated from bottom to top; the first radiating unit comprises a first metal flat plate and a first radiating array arranged on the first metal flat plate, and the first radiating array comprises 2n arranged at intervals 2 A plurality of radiation cavities, n=2 k K is a positive integer of 2 or more.
2. The low side-lobe waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed layer comprises a feed network comprising a plurality of H-shaped single-ridge waveguide power splitting units comprising 3T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power splitters.
3. The low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the unequal distribution comprises a taylor distribution, a chebyshev distribution or a binomial distribution.
4. A low side lobe waveguide slot array antenna as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that the second radiating element comprises a second metal planar plate and a second radiating array arranged on the second metal planar plate, the second radiating array comprises a plurality of first radiating groups arranged at intervals, the first radiating groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the radiating cavities, the first radiating groups comprise a plurality of first radiating holes, the lower surface of the second metal planar plate is provided with a plurality of second rectangular cavities, the second rectangular cavities are located between two rows of the first radiating holes, and the energy ratio of the two rows of the first radiating holes is finely tuned by finely tuning the positions of the second rectangular cavities.
5. The low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of claim 4, wherein the third radiating element comprises a third metal plate and a third radiating array disposed on the third metal plate, the third radiating array comprising a plurality of second radiating groups disposed in spaced relation, the second radiating groups in one-to-one communication with the first radiating groups.
6. The low-sidelobe waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider comprises three sections of metal ridges and rectangular bottom plates which are intermittently arranged in a T-shape, the rectangular bottom plates are respectively connected with the metal ridges, square waveguide cavities are arranged between the rectangular bottom plates and the metal ridges, the power distribution ratio is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the metal ridges and the T-shaped junction, and the rectangular bottom plates and the metal ridges are both used for impedance matching.
7. The low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein four output ends of each H-type single-ridge waveguide power division network in the level 1 feed network are respectively provided with a single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter, and the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converters are connected with the first radiation units in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter comprises a first E-surface step, a second E-surface step, an H-surface step, a rectangular waveguide output port, a single-ridge waveguide input port and a rectangular cavity;
the left side of the rectangular cavity is provided with a first E-face step and a second E-face step, the height of the first E-face step is lower than that of the rectangular cavity, and the first E-face step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity;
the second E surface step is positioned above the first E surface step, the lower surface of the second E surface step is in fit connection with the upper surface of the first E surface step, the width of the second E surface step is smaller than that of the first E surface step, and the second E surface step is connected with the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the rectangular cavity;
an H-face step is arranged on the right side of the rectangular cavity, the H-face step is connected with the right side wall and the rear side wall of the rectangular cavity, and the height of the H-face step is equal to that of the rectangular cavity;
the upper surface of the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter is provided with a rectangular waveguide output port communicated with the rectangular cavity;
a single-ridge waveguide input port is arranged on the front side surface of the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter, the single-ridge waveguide input port is communicated with the rectangular cavity, the height of the single-ridge waveguide input port is equal to that of the rectangular cavity, and the bottom surface of the single-ridge waveguide input port and the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane;
the single-ridge waveguide input port is provided with a ridge step extending to the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity, the ridge step comprises a first ridge step and a second ridge step which are sequentially connected, the height of the first ridge step is larger than that of the second ridge step, and the height of the first ridge step is smaller than that of the rectangular cavity;
the single-ridge waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter is used for carrying out impedance matching and reducing return loss caused by discontinuity of a rectangular waveguide structure and a single-ridge waveguide structure, so that the structure has good broadband transmission characteristics.
8. The low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiating cavity is a first rectangular cavity, 2n, provided on the upper surface of the first metal plate 2 The radiation cavities are distributed on the first metal flat plate in a mode of n rows and 2n columns.
9. The low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a first matching plate is respectively provided in the middle of the front side wall and the middle of the rear side wall of the radiation cavity, a second matching plate is respectively provided in the middle of the left side wall and the middle of the right side wall of the radiation cavity, the front side wall direction of the radiation cavity is taken as the length direction, the left side wall direction of the radiation cavity is taken as the width direction, the heights of the first matching plate and the second matching plate are equal to the height of the radiation cavity, and the upper end surfaces of the first matching plate and the second matching plate are located on the same plane as the upper end surface of the first metal flat plate.
10. The low-side lobe waveguide slot array antenna of claim 9, wherein the bottom end of each of the radiating cavities is provided with an input port extending to the lower surface of the first metal flat plate, the input port is a rectangular port, the front side wall of the input port is parallel to the front side wall of the radiating cavity, the left side wall of the input port is parallel to the left side wall of the radiating cavity, the center of the input port overlaps with the center of the radiating cavity, the length of the input port is smaller than the distance between the two second matching plates, and the width of the input port is smaller than the distance between the two first matching plates.
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| CN116231338B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-10-13 | 电子科技大学 | A low side lobe millimeter wave waveguide slot array antenna |
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