CN108106565A - A kind of steel rail straightness and torsion resistance detection device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail straightness and torsion detection device and method, comprising a plurality of spectral confocal displacement sensors and a plurality of linear laser profile sensors; the spectral confocal displacement sensors are located on both sides of the rail head and both sides of the rail bottom Symmetrically arranged to measure the distance from the measured point on the side of the rail head and the bottom of the rail to the sensor; the linear laser profile sensor is placed on the top of the rail head to collect the profile of the rail tread; multiple spectral confocal displacement sensors and multiple linear laser profile sensors and The data acquisition memory is connected, and the straightness and twist of the rail are obtained through analysis and processing. The detection method of the present invention mainly adopts a spectral confocal displacement sensor and a linear laser profile sensor to collect rail surface geometric parameters, and then obtains the straightness and twist data of the rail through data analysis and calculation.

Description

Apparatus and method for detecting straightness and twist of rail

technical field

The invention relates to the field of automatic detection of rails, in particular to a detection device and method for straightness and torsion of a rail.

Background technique

With the development of high-speed railways and passenger dedicated lines in my country, the quality of long rails has attracted more and more attention. The straightness and twist of the rails are one of the important indicators to measure the quality of the rails, which directly affect the running speed and comfort of the train, and even endanger the driving safety in severe cases. The shape of the rails needs to be inspected before the rails are welded to avoid unqualified rails being put into production and causing unnecessary losses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-precision rail straightness and twist detection system to meet the increasingly high requirements .

Wang Wanghua and others used 16 laser ranging sensors of the same type to complete the online automatic measurement of the geometric dimensions of the rail section, the straightness and twist of the rail using a non-contact measurement method. However, when calculating the straightness of this method, only It can collect the information of three sections, but cannot scan the undulation of the entire rail within the measurement range, resulting in poor reliability. At the same time, the laser ranging sensor is easily affected by light, rust spots, etc., resulting in low measurement accuracy.

Li Li and others have also completed the comprehensive automatic measurement of the geometric dimensions of the rail section, the straightness and twist of the rail by using multiple movable laser profile sensors and displacement sensors, but this method needs to transfer the rail to the Line stop detection within the end detection range, the detection efficiency needs to be improved.

Xu Haiguang and others invented a rail flatness measuring instrument, which mainly uses a laser displacement sensor to detect the flatness of the top surface of the rail and the measuring surface. During the detection, the linear motion mechanism carries the laser displacement sensor to make a reciprocating linear motion along the linear guide rail. The sensor scans the working surface of the top of the rail under test and the working surface of the rail side, and processes the measured data to obtain the straightness of the rail. This method places a laser displacement sensor on one side of the rail, but in actual detection, the linear motion mechanism will inevitably vibrate, which will drive the sensor to vibrate together, which will cause the problem of zero offset of the sensor, resulting in inaccurate measurement on one side. At the same time, this method also requires line stop detection, and the detection efficiency needs to be improved.

Therefore, there are many problems in the existing rail detection technology.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a rail straightness and twist detection equipment and method.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a rail straightness and twist degree detection equipment, including a plurality of spectral confocal displacement sensors and a plurality of linear laser profile sensors; the spectral The confocal displacement sensor is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rail head and the bottom of the rail to measure the distance from the measured point to the sensor on the side of the rail head and the bottom of the rail; the linear laser profile sensor is placed on the top of the rail head to collect the rail tread Curve; the plurality of spectral confocal displacement sensors and the plurality of linear laser profile sensors are connected to the data acquisition memory, and analyzed and processed to obtain the straightness and twist of the rail.

A method for detecting the straightness and twist of a rail, comprising the steps of:

(1) Place a linear laser profile sensor on the top of the rail head, and place two spectral confocal displacement sensors symmetrically on both sides of the bottom of the rail, with an angle of 90 degrees between them;

(2) the linear laser sensor collects the rail tread curve data, the spectral confocal displacement sensor collects the rail bottom distance data, and analyzes the collected data to obtain the position of the highest point of the rail tread;

(3) When the rail moves forward, the sensor group collects a series of data of the highest point of the rail tread, and analyzes the collected data of the highest point to obtain the vertical straightness of the rail.

A method for detecting the straightness and twist of a rail, comprising the steps of:

(1) Two spectral confocal displacement sensors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rail head, and the relative position is d;

(2) Measure the distance d1 and d2 from the sensor to the two sides of the corresponding rail in real time, and analyze the collected data to obtain the ideal distance d1' and d2' from the side of the rail to the sensor;

(3) When the rail moves forward, the sensor collects and analyzes a series of d1', d2' data, and analyzes the collected distance data to obtain the horizontal straightness of the rail.

A method for detecting the straightness and twist of a rail, comprising the steps of:

(1) Set two sets of sensors at the bottom of the rail, each set of sensors includes two spectral confocal displacement sensors symmetrically placed on both sides of the bottom of the rail, and the angle between them is 90 degrees;

(2) Measure the positions of four points P1, P2, P3, and P4 at the bottom of the rail;

(3) When the rail moves forward, the sensor collects a series of data at one point and takes the average value;

(4) Determine a plane with three of the points, and obtain the torsion of the rail by analyzing the distance from the fourth point to the plane.

Design multiple sets of sensor groups to improve detection accuracy.

Beneficial effects: the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Real-time online real-time detection of rail straightness and twist without rail stop, improving detection efficiency; (2) By pairing up, down, left, and right sensors, eliminating lateral The detection error caused by vibration and longitudinal vibration, and solve the problem of one-sided measurement of the rail in the existing detection method, solve the problem of zero offset of the sensor, and improve the detection accuracy; It complies with national standards and ensures the accuracy of the height of the horizontal flatness detection point; (4) By using a linear laser displacement sensor, the vertical flatness detection point can always accurately measure the midpoint and highest point of the rail tread; (5) this The detection system has a wide operating temperature range, strong environmental adaptability, no requirements for the surface conditions of the tested rail, and is not affected by electromagnetic interference.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the general layout diagram of detection equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sensor layout diagram for rail vertical straightness detection;

Fig. 4 is a sensor layout diagram for rail level straightness detection;

Fig. 5 is a sensor layout diagram for rail torsion detection.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the rail straightness and torsion detection equipment according to the present invention includes a plurality of spectral confocal displacement sensors and a plurality of linear laser profile sensors. Multiple spectral confocal displacement sensors G are placed symmetrically on both sides of the rail head and the bottom of the rail to measure the distance from the measured point to the sensor on the side of the rail head and the bottom of the rail; multiple linear laser profile sensors X are placed on The top of the rail head to capture the rail tread curve. A plurality of spectral confocal displacement sensors and a plurality of linear laser profile sensors are connected with the data acquisition memory, so that the collected data are analyzed and processed to obtain the straightness and twist data of the rail.

As shown in Figure 2, in the specific implementation of the present invention, three linear laser profile sensors are equipped on the upper part of the rail to be tested, seven pairs of spectral confocal displacement sensors are equipped on both sides of the rail to be tested, and three pairs of spectral laser sensors are equipped on the lower part of the rail to be tested. Confocal displacement sensor.

Check the vertical straightness of the rail

The vertical straightness of the rail refers to the undulation of the rail running surface. By placing multiple sets of linear laser profile sensors on the top of the rail and scanning the moving rail tread in real time, the curve of the rail tread and the highest point of the tread can be collected; at the same time, two rows of spectral confocal displacements with the same number as the linear laser sensors are placed under the rail Sensors, the two are used together to eliminate the impact caused by the up and down vibration of the rail. The collected multiple sets of data on the highest point of the tread are analyzed, the wavelet algorithm is used to filter out the machine vibration interference signal, and the vertical straightness of the rail is obtained.

As shown in Figure 3, a linear laser profile sensor X1 is placed above the end section of the rail, and two spectral confocal displacement sensors G11 and G12 are symmetrically placed below the end section, and the angle between them is 90 degrees. And the distance between the center of the measuring point and the edge of the rail bottom is about 10 mm, and the two are used in conjunction to eliminate the influence of the up and down vibration of the rail.

Similarly, a group of sensors X2, G21, G23 and X3, G31, G32 with the same configuration are respectively placed 1m away from the end section of the rail and at the end section of the rail.

The specific processing method of vertical flatness measurement is as follows:

(1) The linear laser sensor X collects the rail tread curve data, and the spectral confocal displacement sensor G collects the distance data to the rail bottom, and analyzes the data collected by the two to find the position of the highest point of the rail tread;

(2) When the rail moves forward, each group of sensors can collect a series of data of the highest point of the rail tread, and the data of the highest point collected by each group of sensors can be processed to obtain the vertical level of the rail measured by each group of sensors. Straightness,

(3) Three groups of sensors are designed to improve measurement accuracy.

Check the horizontal straightness of the rail

The horizontal straightness of the rail refers to the undulation of the rail guide surface in the horizontal direction. By placing two rows of spectral confocal displacement sensors with a calibrated relative position d on both sides of the rail, and measuring the distances d1 and d2 from the sensor to both sides of the rail in real time, the width of the rail is d-d1-d2. By analyzing the collected data and filtering out the interference models of machine vibration and rail swing left and right, the horizontal straightness of the rail can be obtained.

As shown in Figure 4, 7 pairs of spectral confocal displacement sensor R arrays with a calibrated relative position d are equipped on both sides of the rail to be tested at a distance of 16 mm from the highest point of the rail head.

The specific processing method of horizontal flatness measurement is as follows:

(1) Each sensor measures the distance d1 and d2 from the two sides of the corresponding rail, and the width of the rail is d-d1-d2. Analyze the data collected by the two sensors and filter the vibration interference of the machine and the left and right swing of the rail. influence, the ideal distance d1', d2' from the side of the rail to the sensor can be obtained;

(2) When the rail moves forward, each pair of sensors can collect and analyze a series of d1', d2' data;

(3) Process the distance data collected by each pair of sensors to obtain the horizontal straightness of the rail measured by each group of sensors;

(4) 7 pairs of sensors are designed to improve measurement accuracy.

In addition, two rows of sensors are used to detect the left and right sides at the same time, which can solve the problem of single-side measurement of the rail and the problem of zero point offset of the sensor in the existing detection method, and can eliminate the influence of left and right vibration at the same time.

To detect the twist of the rail

Rail twist refers to the degree of twist in the longitudinal direction of the rail. Place multiple spectral confocal displacement sensors under the rail to measure the positions of four points on the bottom surface of the rail, determine a plane with three of the points, and analyze the torsion of the rail by analyzing the distance from the fourth point to the plane; in addition, The value of rail twist can be obtained indirectly by calculating the length of the diagonal.

As shown in Figure 5, three pairs of spectral confocal displacement sensors are placed under the rail, and two pairs of sensors can be used to complete the measurement of the torsion of the rail.

The specific implementation method is: symmetrically place two spectral confocal displacement sensors under the rail end section, the angle between them is 90 degrees, and the distance between the center of the measuring point and the edge of the rail bottom is about 10 millimeters; Yes, two other spectral confocal displacement sensors are symmetrically placed below the rail section 1 meter away from the end, so that the four sensors can measure the positions of four points P1, P2, P3, and P4 at the bottom of the rail. Because the rail is an online motion detection, each sensor can collect the position data of multiple points near its corresponding point, and take the average value, so P1, P2, P3, and P4 are a comprehensive average within the detected area value, the result is more accurate. Determine a plane with three points such as P1, P2, and P3, and analyze the rail twist by analyzing the distance from the fourth point P4 to the plane; in addition, the value of the rail twist can be indirectly obtained by calculating the length of the diagonal .

Claims (8)

1. a kind of steel rail straightness and torsion resistance detection device, it is characterised in that：Including multiple Spectral Confocal displacement sensors and Multiple linear laser profile sensors；

The Spectral Confocal displacement sensor is arranged symmetrically in rail head of rail both sides and rail foot both sides, measurement rail head of rail side Face and rail foot are measured the distance for a little arriving sensor；

The linear laser profile sensor is placed on rail head top, gathers rail tread curve；

The multiple Spectral Confocal displacement sensor and multiple linear laser profile sensors are connected with data acquisition memory, point Analysis handles to obtain steel rail straightness and torsion resistance.

2. steel rail straightness according to claim 1 and torsion resistance detection device, it is characterised in that：Rail foot both sides The mutual angle of Spectral Confocal displacement sensor is 90 degree.

3. a kind of steel rail straightness and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Including step：

(1) a linear laser profile sensor is placed in rail head top, and symmetrically placed two in rail foot both sides Spectral Confocal displacement sensor, mutual angle are 90 degree；

(2) the linear laser sensor acquisition rail tread curve data, the Spectral Confocal displacement sensor collect rail Bottom range data, the data for analyzing acquisition obtain the position of rail tread peak；

(3) when rail moves forward, sensor group collects a series of rail tread highest point datas, analyzes the peak of acquisition Data obtain rail perpendicular straight degree.

4. steel rail straightness according to claim 3 and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Design multigroup sensor Group improves accuracy of detection.

5. a kind of steel rail straightness and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Including step：

(1) two Spectral Confocal displacement sensors, relative position d are arranged symmetrically in rail head of rail both sides；

(2) for real-time measurement sensor to distance d1, d2 of corresponding rail both sides, the data for analyzing acquisition obtain rail side to biography Sensor is apart from ideal value d1 ', d2 '；

(3) when rail moves forward, sensor gathers and analyzes a series of d1 ', d2 ' data, analyzes the distance number collected According to obtaining the horizontal glacing flatness of rail.

6. steel rail straightness according to claim 5 and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Design multigroup sensor Group improves accuracy of detection.

7. a kind of steel rail straightness and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Including step：

(1) two sensors are set in rail foot, every group of sensor is included in symmetrically placed two spectrum in rail foot both sides Confocal displacement sensor, mutual angle are 90 degree；

(2) position of four points P1, P2, P3, P4 of rail foot are measured；

(3) when rail moves forward, sensor gathers the volume of data of a point, is averaged；

(4) determine a plane with wherein three points, by analyzing the 4th point to the distance of the plane, obtain rail distortion Degree.

8. steel rail straightness according to claim 7 and torsion resistance detection method, it is characterised in that：Design multigroup sensor Group improves accuracy of detection.