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CN108083819A - converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108083819A
CN108083819A CN201711138074.1A CN201711138074A CN108083819A CN 108083819 A CN108083819 A CN 108083819A CN 201711138074 A CN201711138074 A CN 201711138074A CN 108083819 A CN108083819 A CN 108083819A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
carbon brick
magnesia carbon
fused magnesite
converter
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201711138074.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
董童霖
雷中兴
郑吉红
蔡长秀
王�忠
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corp
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corp filed Critical Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corp
Priority to CN201711138074.1A priority Critical patent/CN108083819A/en
Publication of CN108083819A publication Critical patent/CN108083819A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C04B2235/402Aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422Carbon
    • C04B2235/425Graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, in the magnesia carbon brick, each component proportion is by weight percentage:Basic material 66~76.5%, magnesium carbon reworked material 20~30%, bonding agent 3.5~4.0%;Wherein, basic material includes following components by weight percentage:Fused magnesite particle 70~75%, fused magnesite fine powder 11~12%, additive 2~3%, graphite 12~16%.The invention also discloses a kind of preparation methods of converter magnesia carbon brick.The fused magnesite particle containing magnesia 96% and outmoded magnesium carbon reworked material are employed, under conditions of ensure that the preferable heat-resisting ability of magnesia carbon brick and fracture resistance, the production cost of magnesia carbon brick is significantly reduced, reduces environmental pollution, increases resource utilization.

Description

Converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire-resistant material preparation, in particular to a kind of converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Converter is important steelmaking equipment, and converter working lining uses magnesia carbon brick mostly.Magnesia carbon brick is a kind of composite fire material Material, has many advantages, such as good slag corrosion resistance ability, thermal shock resistance and heat-resisting quantity.Fused magnesite or magnesite clinker are magnesium carbon One of primary raw material of brick, wherein most widely used with fused magnesite.At present, magnesia resource provisioning is nervous, electric-melting magnesium sandy plain Expect price rise, manufacturing the cost of magnesia carbon brick increases, and the fused magnesite for being usually used in manufacturing magnesia carbon brick contains more than or equal to 97% Magnesia, the cost of the higher fused magnesite of content of magnesia is higher, influences the profit on sales of magnesia carbon brick.The arrival of converter magnesia carbon brick makes After the service life, when being removed, often have largely useless brick and generate, all abandon waste of resource, be unfavorable for energy conservation and environmental protection.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to provide a kind of converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof, the converter magnesia carbon brick production of manufacture At low cost, good in oxidation resistance, high temperature fracture resistance are good, and preparation method can be promoted the use of, energy conservation and environmental protection.
To achieve the above object, a kind of converter magnesia carbon brick designed by the present invention, each component proportion in the magnesia carbon brick By weight percentage:Basic material 66~76.5%, magnesium carbon reworked material 20~30%, bonding agent 3.5~4.0%;Wherein, base Plinth raw materials by weight meter includes following components:Fused magnesite particle 70~75%, fused magnesite fine powder 11~12%, adds Add agent 2~3%, graphite 12~16%.
Further, the fused magnesite particle includes 3mm < granularities≤6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm Three kinds of grain compositions, three kinds of grain composition weight proportions are 28~30:17~25:20~25.
Another step, in the fused magnesite particle:MgO >=96%, SiO2≤ 2.0%, CaO≤2.0%, Al2O3≤ 0.3%, Fe2O3≤ 0.8%, nCaO/nSiO2>=2, bulk density >=3.45g/cm of the fused magnesite particle3
Further, in the fused magnesite MgO content >=97%, the mesh of the grain size of the fused magnesite fine powder≤180.
Further, the additive is metallic aluminium powder, the mesh of the grain size of the additive≤100.
Further, the graphite is crystalline flake graphite, the mesh of the grain size of the crystalline flake graphite≤100, carbon content >=94%.
Further, in the magnesium carbon reworked material:MgO+C >=88%, Al2O3≤ 6%, moisture content≤1%, the magnesium carbon is again Grain size≤5mm of raw material.
Further, the bonding agent is phenolic resin.
A kind of preparation method of converter magnesia carbon brick, it is characterised in that:The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) stock up:According to the weight percent, the fused magnesite particle in basic material is weighed, fused magnesite is thin Powder, additive and graphite, while weighed magnesium carbon reworked material and bonding agent;
2) mixed grind:First by fused magnesite particle, magnesium carbon reworked material 2~3min of mixed grind, add in bonding agent continue mixed grind 2~ 3min adds graphite 3~5min of mixed grind, is eventually adding fused magnesite fine powder, additive, and 10~15min of mixed grind forms mud Material;
3) compression moulding:The mud formed is inserted mold to be suppressed and adobe is made;
4) baking-curing:Made adobe is subjected to 12~16h of heat treatment at a temperature of 180~250 DEG C, after selection To converter magnesia carbon brick.
Further, in the step 2), mixed grind is carried out using kolleroang;In the step 3), using friction press It is suppressed, the pressure of compacting is 10000~16000kN;In the step 4), toasted using dry kiln.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
First, present invention employs the fused magnesite particle containing magnesia 96%, the base of fused magnesite is significantly reduced Plinth cost of material, thereby reduces the production cost of magnesia carbon brick, while ensure that the preferable heat-resisting ability of magnesia carbon brick, anti-folding energy Power and intensity.
Second, present invention employs discarded magnesium carbon reworked materials, production cost can be further reduced, efficiently uses discarded money Source, energy conservation and environmental protection reduce environmental pollution, and increase resource utilization.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but specific examples below is only this hair Bright preferred embodiment, the present invention are not limited to following embodiments.
Bonding agent is phenolic resin in following embodiment, and graphite selects L194 crystalline flake graphites, and additive selects gold Belong to aluminium powder.
Embodiment 1
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, in percentage by weight, basic material 76.5%, magnesium carbon is again for each component in the magnesia carbon brick Raw material 20%, bonding agent 3.5%;Wherein, each component configures as follows by weight percentage in above-mentioned basic material:Electric-melting magnesium Sand particle 75%, fused magnesite fine powder 11%, additive 2%, graphite 12%.Above-mentioned fused magnesite particle includes 3mm < granularities ≤ 6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent are 30:25:20.
The preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick, comprises the following steps:
1) stock up:According to the weight percent, the fused magnesite particle in basic material is weighed, fused magnesite is thin Powder, additive and graphite, while weighed magnesium carbon reworked material and bonding agent;
2) mixed grind:Fused magnesite particle, magnesium carbon reworked material are first inserted into kolleroang 2~3min of mixed grind, add in bonding agent after Continuous 2~3min of mixed grind, adds graphite 3~5min of mixed grind, is eventually adding fused magnesite fine powder, additive, and mixed grind 10~ 15min forms mud;
3) compression moulding:The mud formed is inserted friction press to be suppressed and adobe is made;
4) baking-curing:Made adobe is carried out at a temperature of 180~250 DEG C in dry kiln heat treatment 12~ 16h obtains converter magnesia carbon brick after selection.
Embodiment 2
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, in percentage by weight, basic material 71.3%, magnesium carbon is again for each component in the magnesia carbon brick Raw material 25%, bonding agent 3.7%;Wherein, each component configures as follows by weight percentage in above-mentioned basic material:Electric-melting magnesium Sand particle 72%, fused magnesite fine powder 12%, additive 2%, graphite 14%.Above-mentioned fused magnesite particle includes 3mm < granularities ≤ 6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent are 30:20:22.
With reference to the preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick of embodiment 1, by each component weight of the converter magnesia carbon brick in embodiment 2 Percentage prepares converter magnesia carbon brick.
Embodiment 3
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, in percentage by weight, basic material 66.0%, magnesium carbon is again for each component in the magnesia carbon brick Raw material 30%, bonding agent 4.0%;Wherein, each component configures as follows by weight percentage in above-mentioned basic material:Electric-melting magnesium Sand particle 70%, fused magnesite fine powder 12%, additive 2%, graphite 16%.Above-mentioned fused magnesite particle includes 3mm < granularities ≤ 6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent are 28:17:25.
With reference to the preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick of embodiment 1, by each component weight of the converter magnesia carbon brick in embodiment 3 Percentage prepares converter magnesia carbon brick.
Embodiment 4
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, in percentage by weight, basic material 66.0%, magnesium carbon is again for each component in the magnesia carbon brick Raw material 30%, bonding agent 4.0%;Wherein, each component configures as follows by weight percentage in above-mentioned basic material:Electric-melting magnesium Sand particle 70%, fused magnesite fine powder 11%, additive 3%, graphite 16%.Above-mentioned fused magnesite particle includes 3mm < granularities ≤ 6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent are 28:17:25.
With reference to the preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick of embodiment 1, by each component weight of the converter magnesia carbon brick in embodiment 4 Percentage prepares converter magnesia carbon brick.
Comparative example 1
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick with reference to each component percentage of weight formula of the converter magnesia carbon brick of example 4, is contained with magnesia It measures and 96% fused magnesite particle of content of magnesia, 3mm < granularities≤6mm, 1mm < granularities is replaced by 97% fused magnesite particle Tri-≤3mm, granularity≤1mm grades, other components are constant.In percentage by weight, basis is former for each component in the magnesia carbon brick Material 66%, magnesium carbon reworked material 30%, bonding agent 4.0%;Wherein, each component is by weight percentage such as in above-mentioned basic material Lower configuration:Fused magnesite particle 70%, fused magnesite fine powder 11%, additive 3%, graphite 16%.Above-mentioned fused magnesite particle Including 3mm < granularities≤6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent are 28:17:25. Each component weight percent contained by the fused magnesite particle that wherein content of magnesia is 97% is:MgO >=97%, SiO2≤ 1.5%, CaO≤1.5%, Al2O3≤ 0.3%, Fe2O3Content≤0.8%, nCaO/nSiO2>=2, bulk density >=3.45g/ cm3
With reference to the preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick of embodiment 1, by each component weight of the converter magnesia carbon brick in comparative example 1 Percentage prepares converter magnesia carbon brick.
Comparative example 2
A kind of converter magnesia carbon brick with reference to each component percentage of weight formula of the converter magnesia carbon brick of example 4, is contained with magnesia Measure by 97% fused magnesite replace 3mm < granularities≤6mm of 96% fused magnesite particle of content of magnesia, 1mm < granularities≤ 3mm, tri- grades of granularity≤1mm and magnesium carbon reworked material, other components are constant.Each component is according to weight percent in the magnesia carbon brick Meter, basic material 66%, magnesium carbon reworked material 30%, bonding agent 4.0%;Wherein, each component is by weight in above-mentioned basic material Percentages configure as follows:Fused magnesite particle 70%, fused magnesite fine powder 11%, additive 3%, graphite 16%.Above-mentioned electricity Fused magnesia particle includes 3mm < granularities≤6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm, three kinds of grain composition weight percent For 28:17:25.The preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick, comprises the following steps:
With reference to the preparation method of the converter magnesia carbon brick of embodiment 1, by each component weight of the converter magnesia carbon brick in comparative example 2 Percentage prepares converter magnesia carbon brick.
Physicochemical property detection, every physical and chemical parameter comparison such as the following table 1 are carried out to Examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 It is shown.
Every physical and chemical parameter of 1 Examples 1 to 4 of table and comparative example 1~2 compares
By comparing the physical and chemical index of Examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1~2, the anti-folding of high temperature, room temperature is pressure-resistant, the close higher of body, The porosity is relatively low, and 96% fused magnesite of content of magnesia in illustrated example 1~4 can replace 97% electric-melting magnesium of content of magnesia The formula of sand in the case where manufacture cost is lower, remains higher physicochemical property.
Other parts not being described in detail are the prior art.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, it is noted that any those skilled in the art exist Disclosed herein technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, should all cover protection scope of the present invention it It is interior.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of converter magnesia carbon brick, it is characterised in that:Each component proportion is by weight percentage in the magnesia carbon brick:It is basic former Material 66~76.5%, magnesium carbon reworked material 20~30%, bonding agent 3.5~4.0%;Wherein, basic material is by weight percentage Including following components:Fused magnesite particle 70~75%, fused magnesite fine powder 11~12%, additive 2~3%, graphite 12~ 16%.
2. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The fused magnesite particle include 3mm < granularities≤ Tri- kinds of 6mm, 1mm < granularity≤3mm, granularity≤1mm grain compositions, three kinds of grain composition weight proportions are 28~30:17~25: 20~25.
3. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the fused magnesite particle:MgO >=96%, SiO2 ≤ 2.0%, CaO≤2.0%, Al2O3≤ 0.3%, Fe2O3≤ 0.8%, nCaO/nSiO2>=2, the body of the fused magnesite particle Product density >=3.45g/cm3
4. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Content >=97% of MgO in the fused magnesite, The mesh of the grain size of the fused magnesite fine powder≤180.
5. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The additive be metallic aluminium powder, the additive The mesh of grain size≤100.
6. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The graphite be crystalline flake graphite, the crystalline flake graphite The mesh of grain size≤100, carbon content >=94%.
7. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the magnesium carbon reworked material:MgO+C >=88%, Al2O3≤ 6%, moisture content≤1%, grain size≤5mm of the magnesium carbon reworked material.
8. converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The bonding agent is phenolic resin.
9. a kind of preparation method of converter magnesia carbon brick, it is characterised in that:The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) stock up:According to the weight percent, the fused magnesite particle in basic material is weighed, fused magnesite fine powder adds Add agent and graphite, while weigh magnesium carbon reworked material and bonding agent;
2) mixed grind:First by fused magnesite particle, magnesium carbon reworked material 2~3min of mixed grind, add in bonding agent and continue 2~3min of mixed grind, Graphite 3~5min of mixed grind is added, is eventually adding fused magnesite fine powder, additive, 10~15min of mixed grind forms mud;
3) compression moulding:The mud formed is inserted mold to be suppressed and adobe is made;
4) baking-curing:Made adobe at a temperature of 180~250 DEG C is subjected to 12~16h of heat treatment, is turned after selection Stove magnesia carbon brick.
10. the preparation method of converter magnesia carbon brick according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:In the step 2), using mixed grind Machine carries out mixed grind;It in the step 3), is suppressed using friction press, the pressure of compacting is 10000~16000kN;Institute It states in step 4), is toasted using dry kiln.
CN201711138074.1A 2017-11-16 2017-11-16 converter magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof Pending CN108083819A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423125A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 武汉钢铁集团耐火材料有限责任公司 Compound converter magnesia carbon brick and the preparation method and application thereof
CN111574231A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-25 大石桥市宝鼎耐火材料有限公司 Environment-friendly magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof
CN112358305A (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-02-12 武汉钢铁集团耐火材料有限责任公司 Electric furnace ladle wall magnesia carbon brick capable of preventing longitudinal cracking and preparation process thereof
CN115093236A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-09-23 山西昊业新材料开发有限公司 Forsterite VD/VOD ladle clearance area magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof
CN116023156A (en) * 2022-12-21 2023-04-28 海城利尔麦格西塔材料有限公司 Regeneration method of waste magnesia carbon bricks
CN119390428A (en) * 2025-01-02 2025-02-07 弘祥中科(辽宁)耐材有限公司 A low carbon magnesium carbon brick and its preparation method

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JP2013072090A (en) * 2011-09-26 2013-04-22 Kurosaki Harima Corp Method for operating converter, magnesia carbon brick used in the converter, method for manufacturing the brick, and lining structure of the converter
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CN106946549A (en) * 2017-04-05 2017-07-14 海城市中兴高档镁质砖有限公司 A kind of converter cap brick made using the residual brick of magnesium carbon as primary raw material and production method

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CN103613392A (en) * 2013-11-08 2014-03-05 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 Refractory lining material for RH (Ruhrstahl-Hausen) vacuum furnace, preparation method of refractory material and RH vacuum furnace
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423125A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 武汉钢铁集团耐火材料有限责任公司 Compound converter magnesia carbon brick and the preparation method and application thereof
CN111574231A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-25 大石桥市宝鼎耐火材料有限公司 Environment-friendly magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof
CN112358305A (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-02-12 武汉钢铁集团耐火材料有限责任公司 Electric furnace ladle wall magnesia carbon brick capable of preventing longitudinal cracking and preparation process thereof
CN115093236A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-09-23 山西昊业新材料开发有限公司 Forsterite VD/VOD ladle clearance area magnesia carbon brick and preparation method thereof
CN116023156A (en) * 2022-12-21 2023-04-28 海城利尔麦格西塔材料有限公司 Regeneration method of waste magnesia carbon bricks
CN119390428A (en) * 2025-01-02 2025-02-07 弘祥中科(辽宁)耐材有限公司 A low carbon magnesium carbon brick and its preparation method
CN119390428B (en) * 2025-01-02 2025-04-25 弘祥中科(辽宁)耐材有限公司 A low carbon magnesium carbon brick and its preparation method

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Application publication date: 20180529