CN108034158A - 一种阻燃耐火电缆料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述阻燃耐火电缆料由以下重量份的组分组成：聚氯乙烯120~150份，镁铝合金5~10份，阻燃剂50~100份，分散剂20~50份，稀土化合物1~5份和复合阻燃协效剂5.2~10份。本发明采用稀土增强阻燃复合体系，阻燃和抑烟效果良好；不含有毒添加剂，以生物质材料为磷源，提高资源利用率，更为绿色环保；安全可靠，原料来源广，成本低，耐热性能好，具有良好的增塑性，具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种绿色环保、具有抑烟效果的阻燃耐火电缆料。
背景技术
我国城市化的进程加大了对特种电缆的需求，特别是高层建筑、商场、剧院、地铁的建设更是对消防产品的需求，特别是阻燃型电缆、低烟无卤电缆、耐火电缆等的需求，因此需要对这方面的电缆进行技术改进。
阻燃材料是一种保护材料，它是能够阻止燃烧而自己并不容易燃烧的材料，是一种能使易燃物质燃烧减慢、终止或难以燃烧的物质。目前，溴系阻燃剂是应用范围最广的阻燃剂之一，溴系阻燃剂的优点在于对复合材料的力学性能几乎没有影响。根据阻燃机理，溴系阻燃剂能显著降低燃气中HBr的含量，而且该类阻燃剂与基体树脂相容性好，即使在苛刻的条件下也无析出现象。其分解温度在200℃~300℃的范围内，与各种高聚物的分解温度相匹配，因此能起到良好的阻燃作用，有添加量小、效果好的，并且溴阻燃剂的性能和价格具有很大的优势。虽然溴系阻燃材料显示了优越的阻燃性，但是它对环境和人的危害是不可忽视的。在崇尚“绿色”生活、和谐社会的现阶段，国内外对于溴系阻燃剂的争论从没有停息过，其焦点问题就是多溴二苯醚（PBDPO）在燃烧时是否会产生有毒、致癌的多溴代二苯并呋喃（PBDF）和多溴代苯并噁暎（PBDD）。因此，环保型阻燃耐火电缆料的研发具有重要的研究意义。
发明内容
本发明为了克服背景技术中存在的问题，提供了一种绿色环保、具有抑烟效果的阻燃耐火电缆料。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种阻燃耐火电缆料，所述阻燃耐火电缆料由以下重量份的组分组成：聚氯乙烯120~150份，镁铝合金5~10份，阻燃剂50~100份，分散剂20~50份，稀土化合物1~5份和复合阻燃协效剂5.2~10份。
作为优选，所述复合阻燃协效剂由以下重量份的组分组成：有机硅高聚物2~3份，锡酸锌0.5~1.5份，有机蒙脱土1.5~2.5份，钼基水滑石1~2份和磷蛋白0.2~1份。
作为优选，所述有机硅高聚物为硅树脂，氨基硅油和聚硅氧烷聚合物中的一种或两种。
作为优选，所述钼基水滑石由水滑石与八钼酸铵，三氧化钼和八钼酸三聚氰胺中的一种或几种改性制得。
作为优选，所述磷蛋白从牛奶，大豆，皂苷和含树胶的植物根中的一种或几种中提取获得。
作为优选，所述分散剂为含活性端基羟醇酯，双硬脂酰胺，单甘酯，油酸酰胺中的一种或几种。
作为优选，所述稀土化合物选自Er2O3，Eu(OH)3和Yb2O3中的一种或几种。
作为优选，所述阻燃剂为聚偏氯乙烯/CNT/富勒烯复合材料。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）采用稀土增强阻燃复合体系，使得本发明电缆料的阻燃和抑烟效果良好；
（2）不含有毒添加剂，以生物质材料为磷源，提高资源利用率，更为绿色环保；
（3）安全可靠，原料来源广，成本低，耐热性能好，具有良好的增塑性，具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中，若非特指，所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的，下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1
一种阻燃耐火电缆料，由以下配比的组分组成：聚氯乙烯120g，镁铝合金5g，聚偏氯乙烯/CNT/富勒烯复合材料100g，含活性端基羟醇酯20g，Eu(OH)3 1g和复合阻燃协效剂5.2g；其中，复合阻燃协效剂由以下配比的组分组成：硅树脂2g，锡酸锌0.5g，有机蒙脱土1.5g，钼基水滑石（三氧化钼和八钼酸三聚氰胺改性）1g和磷蛋白（大豆和皂苷提取物）0.2g。
实施例2
一种阻燃耐火电缆料，由以下配比的组分组成：聚氯乙烯150g，镁铝合金10g，聚偏氯乙烯/CNT/富勒烯复合材料50g，双硬脂酰胺23g，单甘酯27g，Er2O3 2g，Yb2O3 3g和复合阻燃协效剂8.5g；其中，复合阻燃协效剂由以下配比的组分组成：硅树脂1.2g，聚硅氧烷聚合物1.8g，锡酸锌1.5g，有机蒙脱土2g，钼基水滑石（八钼酸铵改性）1.5g和磷蛋白（牛奶提取物）0.5g。
实施例3
一种阻燃耐火电缆料，由以下配比的组分组成：聚氯乙烯140g，镁铝合金8g，聚偏氯乙烯/CNT/富勒烯复合材料75g，单甘酯10g，油酸酰胺10g，Yb2O3 3g和复合阻燃协效剂10g；其中，复合阻燃协效剂，由以下配比的组分组成：氨基硅油3g，锡酸锌1.5g，有机蒙脱土2.5g，钼基水滑石（八钼酸三聚氰胺改性）2g和磷蛋白（含树胶的植物根提取物）1g。
对实施例1-3的阻燃耐火电缆料的性能指标做检测，结果如表1所示：
表1.检测结果
| 性能指标 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
| 耐热温度（℃） | 98 | 95 | 92 |
| 阻燃指数 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 |
| 烟密度等级（SDR） | ≤75 | ≤75 | ≤75 |
由表1可以看出，本发明的阻燃耐火电缆料具有良好的耐高温和阻燃抑烟性能。
本发明采用稀土增强阻燃复合体系，阻燃和抑烟效果良好；不含有毒添加剂，以生物质材料为磷源，提高资源利用率，更为绿色环保；安全可靠，原料来源广，成本低，耐热性能好，具有良好的增塑性，具有广阔的应用前景。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述阻燃耐火电缆料由以下重量份的组分组成：聚氯乙烯120~150份，镁铝合金5~10份，阻燃剂50~100份，分散剂20~50份，稀土化合物1~5份和复合阻燃协效剂5.2~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述复合阻燃协效剂由以下重量份的组分组成：有机硅高聚物2~3份，锡酸锌0.5~1.5份，有机蒙脱土1.5~2.5份，钼基水滑石1~2份和磷蛋白0.2~1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述有机硅高聚物为硅树脂，氨基硅油和聚硅氧烷聚合物中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述钼基水滑石由水滑石与八钼酸铵，三氧化钼和八钼酸三聚氰胺中的一种或几种改性制得。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述磷蛋白从牛奶，大豆，皂苷和含树胶的植物根中的一种或几种中提取获得。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述分散剂为含活性端基羟醇酯，双硬脂酰胺，单甘酯，油酸酰胺中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述稀土化合物选自Er2O3，Eu(OH)3和Yb2O3中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的一种阻燃耐火电缆料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为聚偏氯乙烯/CNT/富勒烯复合材料。
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