CN108029599A - A kind of crab class disease method of discrimination and diagnostic device - Google Patents

Abstract

A crab disease discrimination method and diagnostic device, characterized in that the disease discrimination method is to detect the sound spectrum of healthy crabs and diseased crabs, analyze the structure of the sound spectrum spectrogram and the proportional relationship of each part, the sharp peak shape, Quantity; after comparing with the healthy standard spectrum, diagnose crab-like health status and disease category. The invention avoids the defects that the artificial observation method has a large subjective component, and the microbial identification method needs an experimental place, an ultra-clean workbench and takes a long time. The invention is suitable for colleges and universities and scientific research institutions to study the pathological and physiological behavior characteristics of crabs, and for management departments to release aquatic disaster situations in time. For large-scale breeding farms, adopting the method of the present invention to establish a system for monitoring the body condition of crabs around the clock can detect crab diseases in advance, timely dispose of ponds, and prevent the occurrence of large-scale breeding diseases.

Description

A crab disease discrimination method and diagnostic device

technical field

The invention relates to an aquatic product cultivation technology, in particular to a prediction technology capable of judging in advance whether crabs are sick or not and the types of diseases that are susceptible to or will suffer from before the crabs develop a disease, specifically a crab Disease discrimination method and diagnosis device.

Background technique

Crab is one of the important species of freshwater aquaculture, and it is a delicacy in autumn and winter. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of farming, the degree of intensification has increased significantly, accompanied by the emergence of various diseases, which seriously plagued the healthy development of the farming industry. Crab disease has a high incidence rate and a sudden onset. Once the disease spreads, it is difficult to control it with drugs. If it occurs in July-August, farmers will lose their money. According to investigations, bacterial diseases are more harmful, and the average mortality rate of general cultured crabs reaches 10% to 20%, and some farms are as high as 30%.

At present, the identification of diseased crabs mainly depends on observation. Sick crabs are generally sluggish, spit out brown-black foam at the mouth, black or gray gills, etc., and some sick crabs show failure to withdraw their shells. If the carapace is opened and emits a foul smell, ascites and other symptoms, it is preliminarily judged as a bacterial disease. Accurate diagnosis of diseased crabs requires microbiological identification. Classified according to the identification results of pathogenic bacteria, the common bacterial diseases of cultured crabs include "black gill disease", "carapace ulcer disease" and "shivering disease".

Black gill disease is also called sighing disease. The disease is caused by bacteria, and the lesion of gill infection is the main feature of the disease. When the disease is mild, the gill filaments are dark gray or black, and when the disease is severe, all the gill filaments turn black. The disease mostly occurs in the later stage of adult crab culture, and the deterioration of water environment conditions is the main cause of the disease. "Shaking disease" occurs from 1-year-old juvenile crabs to adult crabs, and the death order of crabs in the same pond is often from large to small. The diseased crab climbed ashore before death, and the sensitivity to external reactions was reduced, and the movement was sluggish. Its pathogen is an enterovirus-like virus. During the onset of the disease, the feet of the diseased crab were intermittently convulsed and jittered, so it got its name. Symptoms and hazards of limb rot disease The crab's abdomen and appendages are rotten, the anus is red and swollen, the action is slow, the food intake decreases or even refuses to eat, and finally dies because it cannot molt. The cause of the disease is that the crab body is injured during fishing, transportation, and stocking, or is injured by enemies during the growth process, causing bacterial infection. Shell rot disease (carapace canker, shell disease, rust) diseased crab legs are damaged, forming black ulcers and rotting, and then white spots appear on the joints of the legs, carapace and sternum, and the middle part of the spot is sunken, reddish and rotten. Gradually turn into black ulcers; in severe cases, the central ulcers are deeper, the carapace is invaded into holes, and muscles or skin membranes can be seen, eventually leading to the death of the river crab.

The artificial observation method relies on many years of breeding experience and has a large subjective component. Microbiological identification requires experimental sites, ultra-clean workbenches and experimental technicians, which takes 2-3 days. Due to the sudden onset and rapid transmission of crab disease, it will cause large-scale death within a few days. Therefore, in order to detect the early occurrence of crab disease, it is necessary to study a rapid disease monitoring technology and equipment suitable for field use.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing crab disease needs to be observed after the occurrence of the disease and then treated, which often results in poor therapeutic effect and high mortality. In order to facilitate prescribing the right medicine, the crab disease discrimination method and diagnostic device adopting preventive measures. It detects the sound spectrum of healthy crabs and diseased crabs, analyzes the spectrum structure and displacement changes, and finds out the relationship between characteristic spectrum changes and diseases from two aspects of shape and quantity, so as to establish a new technology for diagnosis of crab diseases by spectrum method. Early detection of crab diseases from subtle changes in the sound spectrum, timely application of pesticides or chemical treatment of ponds, to avoid large-scale breeding diseases.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

A crab disease discrimination method is characterized in that it firstly measures and obtains sound power spectra of healthy crabs and crab samples to be measured according to the following procedures:

1) Take n crab samples from the pond, remove the attached water, and put them into the crab acoustic diagnosis device;

2) Put the acoustic wave sensor probe close to the crab sample, connect the sound level measuring instrument, select the measurement parameters, and measure the sound power spectrum of the crab sample;

3) Put the crab sample in the container, lightly touch the crab body, and keep the crab for k time to make the crab naturally quiet and dormant. After staying for 1 time, start the timing measurement. The background power spectrum of the crab sample;

4) Integrate the power spectrum of the crab sample in three segments: I: 0-2000Hz, II: 2000-6500Hz, III: 6500-10000Hz; by subtracting the power spectrum of the background environment, the sound power of the crab sample is obtained Spectrum; analyze the shape, quantity and proportional relationship of each part of the sharp peak on the sound power spectrum; diagnose the crab-like health status and disease category.

Next, follow the steps below to judge:

1) Healthy crabs: Section II of the power spectrum presents a high uplift envelope type, the highest peak frequency range is 2500-3500Hz, section III is flat and has irregular undulating peaks, section I presents a lower hill envelope type; and the area of section II accounts for More than 75% of the whole section;

2) Gill diseases: Section II of the power spectrum shows a low-bulge envelope, and the highest peak frequency shifts to 1200-2200Hz; and the average amplitude of section II is more than 50% lower than the standard spectrum;

3) Shellfish diseases: Section II of the power spectrum presents a medium-bulge envelope, with the highest peak frequency at 2500-3500 Hz; and the average amplitude of section II is more than 20% lower than the standard spectrum; and more than 2 sharp peaks are found in section I;

4) Tremor disease: Section II of the power spectrum presents a high-bulge envelope; and the average amplitude of section II is not lower than 10% of the standard spectrum; and more than 2 sharp peaks are found in the frequency band 6500-9500Hz.

The number of crab samples and the selection of measurement parameters: the number of crab samples is not less than 3, the sampling frequency is not less than 100 kHz, the spectrum range is 0-10 kHz, and the resolution is not less than 0.1 Hz.

After the said holding k time is 5-10 seconds, the dwelling time l is 5-10 seconds, the measurement time t is 3-10 seconds, and the number of consecutive measurements m is not less than 5 times.

The healthy crabs are biologically identified as healthy crabs, and their acoustic power spectra are sampled at different ages of the crabs' growth and stored in the computer in advance.

The second technical scheme of the present invention is:

An acoustic diagnostic device for crab disease discrimination is characterized in that it is mainly composed of a sample container, a sensor fixing frame, a static pressure rod, a base, a sound level measuring instrument, and a spectrum analyzer. The crabs in the sample container make it quickly quiet; the sample container for crab samples is placed on the base, the base is installed on the anti-vibration pad, and the sensor fixing frame is installed on the side of the sample container for measurement The audio frequency sensor is installed on the sensor fixing frame and is located directly above the sample container. The sensor is connected to the precision sound level measuring instrument through the signal transmission line, the precision sound level measuring instrument is connected to the spectrum analyzer, and the spectrum analyzer is connected to the computer.

The acoustic diagnostic device for crab disease discrimination of the present invention is installed in a quiet room or in a quiet room with double glass windows and doors and no fixed sound source interference around.

The sensor is covered with a sensor waterproof cover.

Principle of the present invention is:

Crab disease, like other aquatic animal diseases, occurs in the encroachment of pathogens, and is also closely related to environmental factors and the body's own factors. Crabs will emit foaming sound after leaving the water body. The characteristics of the sound are related to the breathing frequency, strength and body structure, and the breathing physiology is regulated and controlled by the functions of various parts of the body. For example, after the gills are infected, the sick crab moves slowly and has difficulty breathing, and the characteristic segment II (2000-6500 Hz) of the sound frequency spectrum of its vocalization shifts to low frequency. Therefore, by measuring the sound spectrum of crabs after leaving the water body, and analyzing the relationship between the change of the characteristic spectrum and the disease, the occurrence of the disease can be predicted. The present invention detects the sound spectrum of healthy crabs and diseased crabs; analyzes the spectrum structure of the sound spectrum and the proportion relationship of each part, the shape and quantity of sharp peaks; disease category.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Non-destructive measurement. After taking out n crab samples and measuring, put them back into the pond to continue culturing without damaging the crab body.

2. Carry out all-round measurement of the crab body, avoid the one-sidedness of artificial partial observation, and reflect the overall health status of the crab body.

3. The interference factors of the measurement results are small. The quantitative analysis part of the discriminant method uses the integral ratio of different frequency bands, which will not be affected by the size of crabs.

4. Predict the onset time of crabs in advance. Subtle changes in the crab's respiratory system, metabolic physiology, and body development are invisible to the naked eye, and biological disease identification is generally carried out only after the body's disease occurs. By adopting the technology of the invention to monitor the function of the crab body, the crab disease phenomenon can be found 1 to 3 weeks in advance.

5. Fast determination. Go from sample to reading in minutes.

6. The present invention can also be used for the prevention of other diseases, and the power spectrum does not meet the requirements of "the second section of the power spectrum diagram is a high-rise envelope type, the highest peak frequency range is 2500-3500Hz, the third section is flat and has irregular undulating peaks, and the I section It presents a lower hilly package type; and the area of the second segment accounts for more than 75% of the whole segment", and crabs that do not completely match the sound power spectrum of other common diseases should be paid attention to and do a good job in disease prevention.

7. The present invention avoids the defects that the artificial observation method has a large subjective component, and the microbial identification method needs an experimental place, an ultra-clean workbench, and takes a long time. The invention is suitable for colleges and universities and scientific research institutions to study the pathological and physiological behavior characteristics of crabs, and for management departments to release aquatic disaster situations in time. For large-scale breeding farms, adopting the method of the present invention to establish a system for monitoring the body condition of crabs around the clock can detect crab diseases in advance, timely dispose of ponds, and prevent the occurrence of large-scale breeding diseases.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an acoustic diagnostic device for crab disease discrimination according to the present invention. In the figure: 1 is the crab sample, 2 is the base, 3 is the sample container, 4 is the static pressure rod, 5 is the waterproof cover of the sensor, 6 is the sensor, 7 is the signal transmission line, 8 is the sensor fixing frame, 9 is the temperature and humidity meter 10 is a precision sound level measuring instrument, 11 is an anti-vibration pad, 12 is a spectrum analyzer, 13 is a silent room, 14 is an adhesive board, and 15 is a sound-absorbing material.

Fig. 2 is the pattern of healthy crab standard spectrum and three kinds of sick crab spectrum (A class, B class, C class) of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of normal crab spectrum and healthy standard spectrum (healthy standard spectrum, environmental background spectrum) of Example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a comparison chart of the diseased crab spectrum and the healthy crab standard spectrum in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a comparison chart of the diseased crab spectrum and the healthy crab standard spectrum in Example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a comparison chart of the diseased crab spectrum and the healthy crab standard spectrum in Example 4 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with example drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment one.

A method for discriminating diseases of crabs, first obtain the standard spectrum of healthy crabs, and adopt conventional experimental methods (a number of crabs can be taken to carry out parallel experiments, half of which are carried out for biological measurement, and half for the measurement of sound power spectrum, if the batch of crabs determined by biological experiments If it is a healthy crab, it can be considered that the sound power spectrum measured by this batch of crabs is a healthy standard spectrum) to determine healthy crabs, and use the same detection method as the crab sample to be tested below to obtain a healthy crab standard spectrum, and enter it into the computer in advance as a basis for discrimination .

Secondly, the sound power spectrum of the crab sample to be tested was determined respectively according to the following procedures:

1) Take n crab samples from the pond, remove the attached water, and put them into the crab acoustic diagnosis device;

2) Put the acoustic wave sensor probe close to the crab sample, connect the sound level measuring instrument, and select the measurement parameters (the number of crab samples is not less than 3, the sampling frequency is not less than 100kHz, the spectrum range is 0-10kHz, and the resolution is not less than 0.1Hz.) , to measure the crab-like sound power spectrum;

3) Put the crab sample in the container, lightly touch the crab body, and keep the crab for k time to make the crab naturally quiet and dormant. After staying for 1 time, start the timing measurement. The background power spectrum of the crab sample; after the said holding time k can be 5-10 seconds, the staying time l can be 5-10 seconds, the measurement time t can be 3-10 seconds, and the number of consecutive measurements m can be no less than 5 times.

4) Integrate the power spectrum of the crab sample in three segments: I: 0-2000Hz, II: 2000-6500Hz, III: 6500-10000Hz; by subtracting the power spectrum of the background environment, the sound power of the crab sample is obtained Spectrum; analyze the shape, quantity and proportional relationship of each part of the sharp peak on the sound power spectrum; diagnose the crab-like health status and disease category.

Next, follow the steps below to judge:

1) Healthy crab (as shown in Figure 2 Healthy Standard Spectrum): Section II of the power spectrum presents a high uplift envelope, the highest peak frequency range is 2500-3500Hz (as shown in Figure 2, dotted box b), and Section III is flat and irregular Undulating peaks, section I presents a lower hilly package; and section II accounts for more than 75% of the entire section;

2) Branchillary diseases (Figure 2, category A): Section II of the power spectrum presents a low-bulge envelope, and the highest peak frequency shifts to 1200-2200Hz; and the average amplitude of section II is more than 50% lower than the standard spectrum;

3) Shellfish disease (Figure 2, category B): Section II of the power spectrum presents a mid-raised envelope, with the highest peak frequency at 2500-3500 Hz; and the average amplitude of section II is more than 20% lower than the standard spectrum; and section I found More than 2 spikes (as shown in Figure 2, dotted oval frame);

4) Tremor disease (Figure 2, category C): Section II of the power spectrum presents a high-bulge envelope; and the average amplitude of section II is not lower than 10% of the standard spectrum; and more than 2 sharp peaks are found in the frequency band 6500-9500Hz (As shown in Figure 2, the dashed oval frame).

Example 1.

Determination of the power spectrum of crab-like vocalizations.

Select a quiet room without interference from fixed sound sources, and connect the acoustic measurement system according to Figure 1, including: crab sample 1, base 2, sample container 3, static pressure rod 4, sensor waterproof cover 5, sensor 6, signal transmission line 7, Sensor fixing frame 8, temperature and humidity meter 9, precision sound level measuring instrument 10, spectrum analyzer 12. Turn on the machine, adjust the range of the precision sound level measuring instrument to an altitude of 60 decibels, select the spectrum analysis measurement parameters (sampling frequency 200KHz, spectrum range 0-10kHz, resolution 0.1Hz, measurement time 6 seconds, first measure the background sound power spectrum.

Randomly fish 3 crab samples (1 ^# , 2 ^# , 3 ^# ) from pond A, shake off the attached water, put them into the sample container 3, adjust the distance of the acoustic wave sensor probe 6 to approach the crab samples, and lightly touch it with the static pressure rod 4 For the crab body, keep it for 5 seconds to make the crab dormant naturally; start timing measurement after staying for 10 seconds; measure each crab sample 5 times; measure the environmental power spectrum at the same time.

Analysis and Conclusion

See Figure 3 for the comparison between normal crab spectrum and healthy standard spectrum (Example 1, healthy standard spectrum, environmental background spectrum). First, segmentally integrate the above crab-like power spectrum (I: 0-2000Hz, II: 2000-6500Hz, III: 6500-10000Hz) and subtract the environmental background power spectrum (Figure 3, environmental background spectrum, the following environmental background spectrum is not displayed ), to obtain the background-removed crab-like vocalization power spectrum. .

Compared with the healthy standard spectrum, the I and III sections of the crab-like power spectrum have no sharp peak shape; the II section of the power spectrum shows a high-level uplift envelope, the highest peak frequency range is 2500-3500Hz, and the III section is flat and irregular Undulating peaks, segment I presents a lower hilly package type; and the area of segment II accounts for 81.3%>75% of the whole segment.

Conclusion: According to the discriminant method 1), the crab samples from Pond A are in good health.

verify:

In addition, 3 crab samples (4 ^# , 5 ^# , 6 ^# ) were randomly taken from Pond A for observation: the crab shell was blue, the gills were bright red, no broken limbs, active, quick-moving, clear and crisp foaming sound, and a large amount of foam accumulation. Biological tests showed no bacterial disease. It should be crab-like healthy crab.

Acoustic judgment results are consistent with observation and biological test results.

Example 2.

Determination of power spectrum of crab-like vocalization

Select a quiet room, connect the acoustic measurement system according to Figure 1, same as Example 1. Turn on the machine, adjust the range of the precision sound level measuring instrument to an altitude of 45 decibels, select the spectrum analysis measurement parameters (sampling frequency 200KHz, spectrum range 0-10kHz, resolution 0.1Hz, measurement time 10 seconds, first measure the background sound power spectrum.

Randomly fish 5 crab samples (1 ^# , 2 ^# , 3 ^# , 4 ^# , 5 ^# ) from pond B, shake off the attached water, put them into the sample container (3), adjust the distance between the acoustic wave sensor probe (6) and For the crab sample, lightly touch the crab body with the static pressure rod (4), and keep it for 10 seconds to make the crab dormant naturally; start timing measurement after staying for 10 seconds; measure each crab sample 5 times; measure the environmental power spectrum at the same time.

Analysis and conclusion:

See Figure 4 for the comparison between the spectrum of diseased crabs and the standard spectrum of healthy crabs. First, segmentally integrate the crab-like power spectrum (I: 0-2000 Hz, II: 2000-6500 Hz, III: 6500-10000 Hz) and subtract the environmental background power spectrum to obtain the background-free crab-like vocalization power spectrum. Compared with the healthy standard spectrum, the I and III sections of the crab-like power spectrum have no sharp peak shape; the II section of the power spectrum shows a low-level uplift envelope, and the highest peak frequency band is shifted from 2500-3500Hz to 1200-2200Hz ( See dotted line box b→b ₁ in Fig. 4); and the average amplitude of section II is 59.6%>50% lower than the standard spectrum.

Conclusion: According to the discriminant method 2), the crabs from pond B suffer from gill disease (category A).

verify:

Another 5 crab samples (6 ^# , 7 ^# , 8 ^# , 9 ^# , 10 ^# ) were randomly picked up from Pond B for observation: the inside of the gills of the crab was dark gray, the movement was slow, breathing was difficult, and brown-black foam was spit out from the mouth. Biological examination showed Vibrio infection. It was judged as black gill disease.

The results of acoustic judgment were consistent with those of observation and biological examination.

Example 3.

Determination of the power spectrum of crab-like vocalizations.

Select a quiet room, connect the acoustic measurement system according to Figure 1, same as Example 1. Turn on the machine, adjust the range of the precision sound level measuring instrument to an altitude of 55 decibels, select the spectrum analysis measurement parameters (sampling frequency 200KHz, spectrum range 0-10kHz, resolution 0.1Hz, measurement time 3 seconds, first measure the background sound power spectrum.

Randomly fish 3 crab samples (1 ^# , 2 ^# , 3 ^# ) from Pond C, shake off the attached water, put them into the sample container (3), adjust the distance of the sonic sensor probe (6) to be close to the crab samples, and use static pressure The rod (4) lightly touches the body of the crab and keeps it for 10 seconds to make the crab dormant naturally; after staying for 3 seconds, the timing measurement is started; each crab sample is measured 5 times; and the environmental power spectrum is measured at the same time.

Analysis and Conclusion

See Figure 5 for the comparison between the spectrum of diseased crabs and the standard spectrum of healthy crabs. First, segmentally integrate the above crab-like power spectrum (I: 0-2000Hz, II: 2000-6500Hz, III: 6500-10000Hz) and subtract the environmental background power spectrum to obtain the crab-like vocalization power spectrum example 3 without background. .

Compared with the healthy standard spectrum, section II of the power spectrum shows a median uplift envelope, and the highest peak frequency range is 2500-3500Hz; and the average amplitude of section II is 21.5% lower than the standard spectrum > 20%; and section I found a sharp peak 3 (see circle a in Figure 5).

Conclusion: According to the discriminant method 3), the crabs in pond C suffer from shell disease (category B).

verify:

In addition, 3 crab samples (4 ^# , 5 ^# , 6 ^# ) were randomly taken from Pond C and observed: white spots appeared on the carapace and sternum of the crab, and the central part was sunken, showing black ulcers, and the central ulcers were deeper. After biological examination, he was infected with a chitin-destroying bacterium and a fungal infection. It was judged as rot shell disease.

The results of acoustic judgment were consistent with those of observation and biological examination.

Example 4.

Determination of the power spectrum of crab-like vocalizations.

Select a quiet room, connect the acoustic measurement system according to Figure 1, same as Example 1. Turn on the machine, adjust the range of the precision sound level measuring instrument to an altitude of 55 decibels, select the spectrum analysis measurement parameters (sampling frequency 200KHz, spectrum range 20Hz-20kHz, resolution 0.1Hz, measurement time 5 seconds, first measure the background sound power spectrum.

Randomly fish 5 crab samples (1 ^# , 2 ^# , 3 ^# , 4 ^# , 5 ^# ) from Ding Pond, get rid of the attached water, put them into the sample container 3, adjust the distance of the acoustic wave sensor probe 6 to approach the crab samples, and use The static pressure rod 4 lightly touches the crab body, and keeps for 10 seconds to make the crab dormant naturally; after staying for 7 seconds, the timing measurement is started; each crab sample is measured 5 times; and the environmental power spectrum is measured at the same time.

Analysis and conclusion:

See Figure 6 for the comparison between the spectrum of diseased crabs and the standard spectrum of healthy crabs. First, segmentally integrate the above crab-like power spectrum (I: 0-2000Hz, II: 2000-6500Hz, III: 6500-10000Hz) and subtract the environmental background power spectrum to obtain the crab-like vocalization power spectrum example 4 without background.

Compared with the healthy standard spectrum, section II of the crab-like power spectrum presents a high-position bulging envelope; and the average amplitude of section II is lower than the standard spectrum by 4.7%>10%; and 3 sharp peaks are found in the frequency band 6500-9500Hz (see figure Mark circle c) in 6.

Conclusion: According to the discriminant method 4), Dingchi pond crabs suffer from shivering disease (category C).

verify:

Another 5 crab samples (6 ^# , 7 ^# , 8 ^# , 9 ^# , 10 ^# ) were randomly picked from Ding Pond for observation: unresponsiveness, slow movement, reduced food intake, ascites in carapace, atrophy and edema of leg muscles, It was found that the legs were intermittently shaking like spasms. After biological tests, a pathogenic microorganism similar to Rickettsia was isolated. It was judged as shivering disease.

The results of acoustic judgment were consistent with those of observation and biological examination.

Embodiment two.

As shown in Figure 1.

An acoustic diagnostic device for crab disease discrimination, which is mainly composed of a sample container 3, a sensor fixing frame 8, a static pressure rod 4, a base 2, a precision sound level measuring instrument 10, and a spectrum analyzer 12. The static pressure rod 4 is used for To suppress the crabs placed in the sample container to make it in a quiet state quickly; the sample container 3 for placing the crab samples is placed on the base 2, and the base 2 is installed on the anti-vibration pad 11, and the anti-vibration pad 11 The main purpose is to eliminate the impact of environmental vibration source and air fluctuation loading on the crab container on the measurement results. Preferably place a piece of adhesive board 14 or a grid plate-like shock-absorbing material in the sample container 3, the feet of the crab are glued to the bottom of the container by glue, so that it cannot move, so as to improve the accuracy of measurement and eliminate the vibration of crab claws The impact on the measurement results, to prevent the vibration of the measurement process from causing changes in the measurement data, causing the occurrence of false tremors and affecting the readiness of the data, the size of the crab container 3 should be greater than 3.5 times the crab body ( Diameter) or more, and the height is more than 4 times that of the crab body, thereby reducing the interference of the sound waves reflected by the inner wall of the container on the measurement results. The sensor holder 8 is installed on one side of the sample container 3, and the sensor 6 for measuring the audio frequency is installed on the sensor holder 8 and is located directly above the sample container 3. The sensor 6 is connected to the precision sound level measuring instrument 10 through the signal transmission line 7. The precision sound level measuring instrument 10 is connected with the spectrum analyzer 12, and the spectrum analyzer 12 is connected with the computer. The sensor fixing frame 8 is also equipped with a thermo-hygrometer 9 for detecting ambient temperature and humidity. The acoustic detection device for the underwater living environment suitability detection of crabs is installed in a quiet room or in a quiet room 13 with double-glazed windows and doors and no fixed sound source interference around. Material 15. In order to identify subtle changes in the waveform, after the sample crab is taken out, it is best to complete the disease monitoring measurement in a quiet room to reduce the occurrence of uncertain weak noises, such as intermittent and weak interference signals produced by distant knocking sounds, car horns, and animal calls . The sensor 6 is covered with a sensor waterproof case 5 .

The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be realized by adopting the prior art.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of crab class disease method of discrimination, measured respectively and the crab and to be measured of securing good health it is characterized in that being first according to following procedure Crab sample acoustical power spectrogram：

1) n crab sample is fished for from pond, removes attached water, insert in crab class acoustic diagnostic instrument；

2) sonic sensor is popped one's head in close to crab sample, connects level measuring instrument, select location parameter, measure crab sample power sound spectrum；

3) crab sample is placed in container, touches crab body, kept for the k times make the naturally quiet dormancy of crab, after stopping the l times, start to count When measure, a length of t during measurement, METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION m times, obtains crab sample power spectrum；Background power spectrum of the measure without crab sample at the same time；

4) to crab sample power spectrum subsection integral, using three sections of integrations：I：0-2000Hz, II：2000-6500Hz, III：6500- 10000Hz；By subtracting the power spectrum chart of background environment, the power sound spectrum of crab sample is obtained；Analyze jagged on acoustical power spectrogram Peak type shape, quantity and its each several part proportionate relationship；Diagnose crab sample health status and diseased classification.

Secondly, differentiated according to the following steps：

1) healthy crab：II sections of power spectrum chart is rendered as high protuberance encapsulating type, top frequency range 2500-3500Hz, III sections it is flat and There is random fluctuation peak, I sections are presented relatively low massif pouch-type；And II sections of areas account for more than the 75% of full section；

2) gill class disease：Low protuberance encapsulating type is presented in II sections of power spectrum chart, and top frequency range is offset to 1200-2200Hz；And II Section average amplitude lower than standard spectrum more than 50%；

3) shell class disease：II sections of power spectrum chart swells encapsulating type, top frequency range 2500-3500Hz in presenting；And II sections average Amplitude Ration standard spectrum low more than 20%；And I sections find jagged peak more than 2；

4) tremble disease：High protuberance encapsulating type is presented in II sections of power spectrum chart；And II sections of average amplitudes are not less than standard spectrum 10%；And frequency More than 2, the jagged peak of section 6500-9500Hz discoveries.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the crab class sample size and location parameter are selected：Crab class sample Product quantity is no less than 3, and sample frequency is not less than 0.1Hz not less than 100kHz, 0~10kHz of spectral range, resolution ratio.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the holding k times are after 5~10 seconds, it is 5~10 to stop l Second, measurement duration t is 3~10 seconds, and METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION number m is no less than 5 times.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the healthy crab is through Biology identification to be health status Crab, its power sound spectrum is the different age group sampling in crab growth, and is stored in advance in computer.

5. a kind of crab class disease differentiation acoustic diagnostic instrument, it is characterized in that it is mainly by sample container, fixing rack for sensor, quiet Compression bar, base, level measuring instrument, frequency spectrum analyser composition, static pressure bar are used to push down the crab class being placed in sample container, are allowed to fast Speed is in rest state；The sample container for placing crab class sample is placed on base, and floor installation on vibration pad, fix by sensor Frame is installed on sample container side, and the sensor for measuring audio frequency is installed on fixing rack for sensor and positioned at sample container Surface, sensor are connected by signal transmssion line with precision sound level measuring instrument, precision sound level measuring instrument and frequency spectrum analyser phase Even, frequency spectrum analyser is connected with computer.

6. device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the fixing rack for sensor is also equipped with being used to detect environment The Hygrothermograph of temperature and humidity.

7. device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that it be installed in quiet room or have double glazing window and In the quiet room that periphery is disturbed without stationary sound source.

8. device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that being set with sensor water-proof set on the sensor.