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CN1079879C - Fluid drilling system - Google Patents

Fluid drilling system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1079879C
CN1079879C CN96198876A CN96198876A CN1079879C CN 1079879 C CN1079879 C CN 1079879C CN 96198876 A CN96198876 A CN 96198876A CN 96198876 A CN96198876 A CN 96198876A CN 1079879 C CN1079879 C CN 1079879C
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China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
drill bit
fluid
borehole
jet
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CN96198876A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1204378A (en
Inventor
罗伯特·特鲁伊曼
蒂莫西·格里高利·汉密尔顿·梅尔
马修·斯托克韦尔
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State Scientific And Industrial Research Organization
University of Queensland UQ
BHP Coal Pty Ltd
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State Scientific And Industrial Research Organization
University of Queensland UQ
BHP Coal Pty Ltd
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Publication of CN1204378A publication Critical patent/CN1204378A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/18—Anchoring or feeding in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
    • E21B43/292—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles using steerable or laterally extendable nozzles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/065—Deflecting the direction of boreholes using oriented fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
    • G01N33/6869—Interleukin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Abstract

A self-advancing drilling system comprising a drilling apparatus, the drilling apparatus having at least one leading fluid cutting nozzle, means on the drilling apparatus to provide forward movement to the drilling apparatus, the drilling system further comprising a drill string formed from a recoverable flexible hose.

Description

Drilling equipment, hole-drilling system and boring method
Invention field
The present invention relates to a fluid drilling system, relate in particular to a kind ofly from sending fluid drilling system to, it can be used in various mining processes, includes but not limited to pierce the coal seam to discharge methane gas.
Technical background
As everyone knows, fluid drilling system uses the solid of water under high pressure cutting such as soft rock, coal and similar thing.This water jet hole-drilling system has bigger purposes in mining industry, and can be used in the traditional machine cuts head of replacement.
On known water jet hole-drilling system, a cutter sweep is all arranged, it is sent to by the power of conducting along rigid drilling, or sends to by the fluid pressure that is applied on the piston-type device in some cases.This cutter sweep has one or more water jet cutting nozzles at its leader.
Usually, in order to cut circular hole, the rigid drilling rotation is passed through circular path thereby make cutting of front penetrate spout.
Developed a kind of more effective device recently, wherein, had only the cutting spout to rotate, and it is static to lead to the other parts of drill bit mobile jib of cutting head by a swivel head that drives by the thrust of cutting spout.This device is by pushing away rigid drilling with the rotating fluid cutting head, cutting hole on solid.
Recently, developed a kind of water jet hole-drilling system, it is effective especially when boring length in 300m or the ore bed well more than the 300m, and it has a rigid drilling.The principal character of this boring nozzle is:
The Woma FR47 high speed spinning water jet nozzle that can buy is its main cutting element,
A shell that does not have step is to prevent Woma FR47 stall (stopping the rotation)
A bent sub element is used for the track of keyhole,
A revertant element, the current that are used to provide enough wash away relatively large smear metal in holing,
A nozzle covers sub-element, Woma FR47 nozzle is linked to each other with the revertant element, and the revertant element is connected with drill string.
In order to send this cutter sweep to, and provide cutting fluid to nozzle, use 3m long, design to such an extent that can bear internal pressure and reach 1 * 10 8The drilling rod of Pa (1000 bar).These drilling rods are used as the conduit that needed water under high pressure is provided to bit nozzle.(this bar also is used as the conduit that needed water under high pressure is provided to bit nozzle).This bar also is used for being connected to advance or to send to nozzle in boring with drilling cramp.For the ease of from boring, taking out the detritus of cutting, use the nozzle (or replying nozzle) that washes away backward.Use high-pressure hydraulic pump in this work, maximum pressure can reach 6.5 * 10 7Pa (650bar), flow velocity are 160 liters of per minutes.
In this up-to-date device, drilling technique comprises the steps:
Drilling cramp is aimed at required boring direction,
Woma FR47 nozzle is connected on the high pressure drilling rod (does not have bent sub element and return mechanism constituent element during preceding 10 meters probings of boring.Do like this be fluid spout on the revertant element unnecessary return spray),
Punch a hole after 10 meters, drill string is withdrawn from from the hole, and bent sub element and return mechanism constituent element be connected to the back of Woma FR47 nozzle,
With spray nozzle device and the drill string bottom of patchhole (BOH) and continuation boring again, spray nozzle device promotes drill string by drilling cramp and sends to.
The advantage of the approval of fluid drilling system is can on the corner hole or ultra-short radius boring.These methods generally include from peupendicular hole horizontal drilling radially outward.In order can to hole around the corner, known method is all to be in the steel pipe of 45cm with the drill string bag to each, and carries out hinged at top surface.Drive chain of length direction welding along drill string.Along with the steel section is downward along vertical wall, their base section separates, and can be centered around the driven wheel rotation of peupendicular hole bottom.Drill string send down along peupendicular hole with the form of rigid body like this, and also can send into lateral aperture with the form of rigid body.
The water cutting nozzles drives by water under high pressure, and water under high pressure is carried by a high-pressure hose.High-pressure hose or extend in rigid drilling perhaps extends along a side of drill string.
A kind of method of ultra-short radius boring comprises a fluid drilling equipment that is connected on the joint helical pipe.This fluid drilling equipment and helical pipe are sent to by a whipstock device, and the whipstock device makes pipe bending pass through a ultra-short radius elbow (0.3m radius).Make the pipeline elastic deformation by a series of guiders and roller, thereby pipeline is left peupendicular hole by horizontal deflection.Helical pipe is used for to fluid drilling equipment supply high pressure cutting fluid.Piston apparatus by means of a complexity is pressed into the rock stratum that will hole with the fluid drilling equipment, and this piston apparatus uses the high pressure of cutting fluid.
The difficulty of water diced system is when device is sent to by rigid drilling, guarantee that spray nozzle device can remain on needed aspect.Concerning conventional system, when cutter sweep was sent to, it had a declining tendency with respect to aspect as everyone knows.
Although do not want to accept opinion restriction, the drill string by rigidization of descending seemingly causes, perhaps in other words, when spray nozzle device is sent to, is mainly caused by drill string.
For these devices are turned to, use a bent sub element, the rotation rigid drilling provides a steering volume for system like this to rotate the direction of bent sub element.
Known that drill string is formed by helical pipe.Helical pipe makes drill string that to a certain degree bendability be arranged.Yet helical pipe only allows bending to a certain degree, knows, if make helical pipe around whipstock, pipeline surpasses its elastic limit, this means that it is difficult to reply.Pipeline can excise with electrochemical method or some additive methods, thus the effect of the flexible flexible pipe that do not recur.
International Patent Application WO 95/09963 has been described a hole-drilling system.In this system, first drill string is admitted to boring, and by knee bend its level is turned to.First drill string has a spherical cutter of machinery, and drill string is rotated to rotate spherical cutter.This drill string is removed subsequently, and second flexible drill string injects boring and pass knee bend.
Second drill string does not rotate, and fluid cutter that pressure is relatively low of end connection, cuts at about 143640.9 Pa-191521.2 Pa (3000-4000 pound/square inch).Fluid cutter rock stratum around spray a hole lentamente.Obviously, herein except weight that can be by vertical drill string or be added in the conventional thrust on the drill string, have no idea drill string is sent into lateral aperture.This cutter have one to be close to conventional low pressure answer spout device (143640.9 Pa-191521.2Pa), and it works to wash away chip.The horizontal sextant angle (45 °) of replying spout is kept strokes with washing away, but spout can not provide the thrust forward of usefulness under this angle.In fact, as if if any, this spout has another kind of balance by the not effect of the recoil that causes of swivel nozzle of front, and therefore, sending to is that weight by drill string causes.
Because except the weight of drill string, do not have feed mechanism, the fluid cutter are sent to very slow, even on soft rock, horizontal resection speed also can only be cut 60m in 6-10 hour.
As if influence cutter travel forward as drill string, cutting angle decline problem still takes place, and this is a problem that is caused by rigid drilling.
Owing to do not have feeder except the weight of appreciable drill string, horizontally extending boring makes flexible drill string form so-called " spiral is locked " probably, promptly can not send drill string to by pushing away drill string again.This possibility of result be exactly why in this example the length of lateral aperture be limited in reason about 60m.
In this example, drill string is a spiral steel pipe, and (12.5mm) is slightly little than common diameter, to have enough flexibles.For the pipe of minor diameter, have only a spot of low-pressure water can flow to the fluid cutter.
In discharging from the coal seam during methane, for the gas permeability that does not change coal for the purpose of the guaranteed efficiency is necessary.Any minimizing of gas permeability all will enter cutting hole from coal on every side to methane and have a negative impact.As everyone knows, surfactant reduces the gas permeability of coal, and therefore, when boring discharge orifice on the coal seam, owing to need surfactant, above-described hole-drilling system should not use.
Purpose of the present invention
In the present invention, developed a system, wherein rigid drilling is replaced by flexible drill string, and flexible drill string also is not used in and sends spray nozzle device to.We find to use flexible drill string, and cutter sweep can remain on same aspect.Our flexible drill string can hold high-pressure fluid (478,803 Pa-957,606 Pa), and the ability that advances or send to cutter sweep reduces or do not have.Therefore the present invention also comprises one from feeding system, and its a kind of form is, replys spout and has definite shape and enough thrust to send cutter sweep to.
Is that it can be sent to continuously and recall from a cylinder with the flexible flexible pipe of high pressure as a major advantage of drill string.So just do not need constantly to increase and remove rigid drilling.Therefore, use this technology greatly to boost productivity.Although the spiral steel pipe that is known technology can use with similar method, the fund cost of pipeline and winch is high a lot of with respect to expense of the present invention.
In addition, need be complicated and method costliness is sent it to boring.In the present invention, cutter sweep and flexible drill string can be relative simple and cost saving be sent to.
The flexible of drill string makes that also the present invention can be used for directional drilling.It is favourable situation that directional drilling relates to the direction that the mode with control changes boring.Particularly, high-pressure hose can relatively easily rotate and pass a ultra-short radius, and it is 0.6m or still less.Can reach so unique other known technologies is again helical pipe, and as previously mentioned, it needs huge fund cost.In addition, helical pipe can only be made, and passes ultra-short radius by forcing steel conduit to surpass elastic limit of materials.This distortion has seriously reduced the working life of pipeline, this often means that by the pipe section of ultra-short radius to recall, and has to cut off it with complicated method, comprises machinery and electrochemistry break-up device.This has greatly increased expense.In the present invention, flexible drill string can be withdrawn and re-use, and the working life of high-pressure hose is excessively damaged.Be used in another shortcoming of the helical pipe of coal directional drilling is that if do not recall, pipeline forms safety hazard to underground coal mining subsequently.The chemicals that is used to cut off pipeline equally also has harmful effect to the gas permeability in coal seam.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of drilling equipment, hole-drilling system and boring method, it can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming or provide a kind of useful or coml to select to the public.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of telescopic drilling equipment that is used for forming boring at subterranean strata, it comprises: one from sending drill bit to, it is configured so that mainly to cut by fluid pressure, and having at least one high pressure spinning fluid cutting nozzles, this cutting nozzles is configured to increase the length of boring; One propulsion plant, it is positioned on the drill bit and comprises that at least one replys spout, and this answers spout is set to and is used for providing a thrust forward to drill bit, thereby causes the primary importance of drill bit from hole to advance to the second place in the boring; And a retractable and flexible conduit, it links to each other with drill bit and can link to each other with high-pressure fluid source, when drill bit when primary importance moves on to the second place, above-mentioned conduit can be axially mobile in boring.
Drill bit comprises some sub-elements that are interconnected.
The fluid cutting nozzles comprises that at least one cuts spout and at least one side reaming spout forward, is configured to act between pressure 478,803 Pa and 957,606 Pa, and usually 478, acts between 803Pa and 718,204.5 Pa.
Replying spout is configured to act between pressure 478,803 Pa and 957,606 Pa.
Drill bit has a longitudinal axis that roughly aligns with direction of forward movement, in order effectively to play the effect of " thrust " spout, replying spout is configured to respect to the direction discharge water of this longitudinal axis with 0 ° to 30 °, about 5 ° angle is best, because the flexible flexible pipe (and it can not cut brokenly) that this angle can make the water cleaning of " ejection " connect together, also have simultaneously one receivable backward push away the angle.
Drilling equipment further comprises a transfer, and it operationally links to each other with drill bit and is configured to towards the place ahead to the guiding drill bit.This transfer comprises at least one nozzle, and it is configured to the injection stream selected direction that leads.And described transfer further comprises a deflection element, it can shift-in and shifts out injection stream by nozzle, so that current deflection, the deflection element comprises an annulus that can rotate with respect to nozzle between the primary importance and the second place, wherein in primary importance, part on the annulus engages with injection stream, and in the second place, this part is separated with injection stream.
The fluid cutting nozzles can rotate with respect to conduit, and drilling equipment further comprises a fender bracket of settling round the fluid cutting nozzles, so as when the fluid cutting nozzles to rotate contacting between limit fluid cutting nozzles and the drill hole wall at least.Fender bracket comprises an outwards outstanding step, and it is arranged on from the rear end of the fluid path of described at least one side reaming spout outflow.
Above-mentioned deflection element can constitute the Cutting Control device and pass for example part of the guidance system in coal seam of solid.Guidance system is designed to be able to provide in real time continuously the state of cutter sweep, makes the operator pass through Computer Control Unit on ground.Guidance system comprises following element:
(a) sensor apparatus, it can determine cutter sweep in three-dimensional position,
(b) single core cable, it is conducts information between cutter sweep and ground,
(c) computer, the information that its calculating is relevant with the cutter sweep track with demonstration, and
(d) transfer, it can comprise aforesaid deflection element.
For achieving the above object, it is a kind of from sending hole-drilling system to that the present invention also provides, and it comprises: a drilling equipment, and it has at least one rotatable fluid cutting nozzles; One propulsion plant, it is set to and is used to provide the motion forward of drilling equipment and comprises at least one answer nozzle, this answer nozzle is set to and is used to drill bit that a thrust forward is provided, and propulsion plant further comprises at least one side reaming nozzle; One fender bracket, it is settled round rotatable fluid cutting nozzles, so that contacting between limit fluid cutting nozzles and the drill hole wall at least when nozzle rotates, fender bracket has a step, and described step is positioned at the back of the injection stream collision drill hole wall part that reaming nozzle from the side flows out; A retractable and flexible conduit, it links to each other with drilling equipment; And a feeding and a retracting device, it links to each other with flexible conduit, so that the feeding and the described drilling equipment of withdrawing.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of method of holing in subterranean strata, comprising: by the drill supply high-pressure fluid of retractable and flexible conduit in boring that links to each other with drill bit; High-pressure fluid is sprayed the length that enters in the subterranean strata and increase boring with cutting from drill bit; From the propulsive force of drill bit drill bit is advanced into the second place from primary importance by guiding in boring; And when drill bit when primary importance advances to the second place, conduit is moved in boring.
Said method further comprises to be recalled drill bit and methane is taken out from boring from boring.
The accompanying drawing summary
Embodiments of the invention will be by being described, wherein with reference to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall lateral view according to the cutter sweep of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the view of a big guiding containment vessel;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the lateral view and the end-view of little guiding containment vessel with the level;
Fig. 4 has described fluid cutting nozzles forward;
Fig. 5 has described the rear portion of this cutter sweep and has replied fluidic component;
Fig. 6 has described the device of Fig. 1, and it has deviator and replys water jet with deflection;
Fig. 7 has described the part of fluid cutting nozzles forward;
Fig. 8 has described a cutter sweep according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 has described the fluid drilling system in using roughly.
Best mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings, and at first with reference to figure 9, illustrate a system at this, it is used for the passage of a cardinal principle of cutting level on coal seam 100.Fig. 9 shows a upright opening 101 that passes the coal seam.Whipstock device 104 is placed in this hole, and is placed in the preformed cavity 105.This whipstock device can be described as the undelegated international patent application of the applicant, and its content is included in this by suitable cross reference.Whipstock device 104 has a main body 106, and its size can allow in the whipstock patchhole.An extendible arm 107 is connected with main part, and this arm can be holded up into horizontal direction (also can become other angle) by hydraulic pressure.
Fluid drilling equipment 108 as the application's theme can be placed in the arm 107, and after holding up with convenient arm 107, this device can cut a hole on the coal seam.Flexible flexible pipe 109 advances by this device, and along with flexible pipe arrives the hole by whipstock, and it can unclamp by reel 110 on the ground.The flexible of flexible pipe 109 makes it can pass through a very steep radius, thereby allows whipstock more small and exquisite conversely.
In case the fluid drilling equipment has cut the hole of a required degree of depth, it can twine gets back in the arm 107, and arm can be packed up, thereby the whipstock that comprises drilling equipment can rise to ground.This system is used for when coal forms dark discharge of methane hole, and is particularly useful.
Should be understood that this fluid drilling system is not limited to use with whipstock, also can use separately or with other device.
With reference to figure 1, a fluid cutter sweep 10 has been described at this.Device 10 by many separate but the sub-element that is interconnected form.Guiding sub-element 11 has a containment vessel.This containment vessel has the empty substantially tubular portion 12 of an afterbody and the shelf part 13 of a front portion.The spinning high pressure nozzle device 40 of a Woma FR47 or similar model is installed in the inside of shell 11, and it can buy (seeing Fig. 4 and 7) from the market.Spray nozzle device is installed on the clamper 40A, and has a mandrel 40B, and swivel nozzle 40C is installed in above the mandrel.The reaming spout 42 of oriented cutting spout 41 that protracts of nozzle 40C and side.Spout 41,42 is at 478,803 Pa-957, the pressure running down between 606 Pa (10000---15000 pounds/square inch).Nozzle 40C is connected with mandrel by pin 40D, and pin is stuck in the endless groove 40E of mandrel.
Shelf part 13 allows cutting spout and reaming spout to go up path of cutting at solid material (such as the coal seam), and wherein shelf partly protects nozzle to exempt from infringement and stall.
In Fig. 3, shelf part 13 has a step 14, adjacent reaming nozzle back at the Woma device, its position.Facing to projection on the drill hole wall, they can block step and stop nozzle to be sent to step 14 with the reaming spout.Thereby can removing projection then, the reaming spout make drilling equipment 10 to send to.
Fig. 2 has described a dissimilar shelf part 13A who does not have step.
Being close to the back of shell 11, is a central sub-element 16, and it is hollow basically, can hold sensor, guidance system and similar thing.In addition, being shaped as of this sub-element is cylindrical, thereby for nozzle provides symmetry, helps to bore more straight hole like this.The cylindrical space that can also reduce effectively between nozzle and the drill hole wall, water and broken coal pass through from here.Water under high pressure is by inner tube 43 and flow to Woma FR47 nozzle.If bore diameter is too little, water and broken coal just can not pass through fast from nozzle.Can cause the pressure of nozzle front to increase like this, when acquiring a certain degree, nozzle is being resisted the active force of replying spout and is being withdrawn.Another chance cutting boring is provided and increases its diameter can for effectively like this cutting and reaming spout.Can obtain consistent more bore diameter in this way.
What be connected with element 16 is that afterbody is replied spout sub-element 19, and it has carried out clearer description in Fig. 5.Replying spout sub-element 19 has four to reply spout 20-23, evenly spaced apart around the tail end of this element.Each is replied spout and comprise the passage processing or form in sub-element 19.It is interior and adjacent with passage that the nozzle (not shown) is placed on the corresponding jack 24 of replying in the spout sub-element 19.Jack and nozzle are communicated with by passage 25 fluids with the inside of answer spout sub-element 19.Nozzle is preferably from the horizontal by 5 degree angles, cleaning the continuous flexible pipe of trailing, and provides well forward a thrust to this device.Water is with 478,803 Pa-957, and 606 Pa (1 0000-20000 pound/square inch) pass through nozzle.Part high-pressure fluid enters replys spout sub-element 19, thus from nozzle 24 by drilling equipment 10 being provided a thrust forward.A flexible drill string (not shown) is connected the afterbody part 26 of replying spout sub-element 19.High-pressure fluid can enter and by cutter sweep 10 by flexible drill string.Drill string plays conduit to high-pressure fluid, but too soft and can not provide any useful forward thrust by the convection cell cutting knife.Flexible makes drill string suitable to steeper curve, for example by whipstock, and does not need surfactant.
In use, high-pressure fluid is such as water, enters and by device 10 by flexible drill string.High-pressure fluid drives Woma spinning nozzle and replys spout.
In another form, be used for handling the guidance system of nozzle by the coal seam and be installed in this device.Guidance system can provide continuous and real-time state of nozzle and position display, makes the operator can be on ground by the computer control nozzle.Guidance system comprises following element:
A measuring apparatus, it can determine nozzle in three-dimensional position,
A single core cable, it is conducts information between nozzle and ground
Computer and display, the information that its calculating is relevant with the nozzle track with demonstration, and
A transfer, it is installed on the nozzle with the control feeding direction, thereby keeps needed track.
Measuring apparatus comprises the flux-gate detector and the accelerometer of three arrangements.Magnetometer is used to measure the orientation that this nozzle points to respect to magnetic north pole.Accelerometer is used to measure the gradient of this nozzle along its longitudinal axis, and the direction of the bell scale of nozzle.
The output signal of magnetometer and accelerometer is collected and is handled by a compute chip that is positioned at nozzle body.These information pass to ground with binary system along single core cable subsequently.This electric wire or be placed in the branch of high-pressure hose and, the perhaps center by flexible pipe attached to the outside of flexible pipe.
On the ground, electric wire links to each other with computer, and computer takes out the signal from nozzle, handles these information, and calculates the direction of orientation, gradient and the bell scale of nozzle in real time.This information is presented on the computer display subsequently, make operating personnel can see nozzle track and with needed track relatively.
If it is very big that nozzle departs from the amount of needed track, operating personnel can pass through computer keyboard starting nozzle transfer.Operating personnel import needed direction and change.How computer decision implements the variation of direction effectively, and signal is transported to compute chip on the nozzle along electric wire subsequently.Thereby the chip enable transfer changes the track of boring.
Transfer comprises slip ring 30 (see figure 6)s, and it is installed in one and is positioned at the circumferential groove of replying the spout back.Be used to make one and reply the jut that spout is partial to drill hole wall, the form with plate 31 is installed on the slip ring.An actuating stepper motor in this device is used for the rotational slide ring, so that make deflecting plate be positioned at suitable spout back, realizes that needed direction changes.Power by the suitable answer spout of deflection produces makes nozzle point to needed direction.
With reference to figure 8, show the change example of a cutter sweep at this.This cutter sweep 50 also comprises 51, one intermediate body member 52 of a holder part forward and replys spout device 53, and it is identical with above-described cardinal principle with forward support 51 to reply spout device 53.
Intermediate body member 52 comprises four internal screw 54-57, and they are longitudinal extension in intermediate body member 52.Screw rod is other element, such as electronic measuring instrument, has formed support.This measuring apparatus is placed in the epoxy resin mould, and is sealed in the metal box and protects.The device bag is installed with this form, and promptly it slides on four screw rods.Drill bit cover 59 is lids of metal box, and allows FR47 nozzle or similar thing to be connected with this device.This combination is with nut tension, and nut is screwed on the screw rod, and such tension also can be with nylon or the similar cover sealing device of coming together.Can be installed on the FR47 nozzle with backward step support 51.In this combination, inner water tube 60 in a side, provides space for device wraps along body 52 positioned inside.
The flexible flexible pipe that links to each other with cutter sweep is the flexible flexible pipe of high pressure, and it can be crooked fully to allow self withdrawal from boring.This flexible pipe also can crookedly fully be partial to allow self passing through whipstock.Flexible flexible pipe is not intended for the propeller of cutter sweep, and cutter sweep is undertaken from sending to by replying spout.Therefore, flexible flexible pipe is different from helix tube, and helix tube can crookedly surpass its elastic limit (for example passing through whipstock), but can not reply easily, and disconnects with electrochemical method usually.
In this embodiment, the inner core made from polyformaldehyde and polyamide of flexible pipe begins to form.Four high-tension steel wire spiral layers are wrapped on the inner core to improve resistance to pressure.External core is a polyamide.This flexible pipe can obtain from the market with the form of Polyflex high-pressure hose.
In another form, steering gear uses side " propeller " spout to change the direction of boring.These spouts start by the high pressure valve of solenoid control.
In example, use and bored 54 according to High-Pressure Water according to the present invention boring nozzle not have the radius that deflection hole and seven drill strings depart from be the hole of 0.3m.To the pressure of various pumps, the model of support and the size of nozzle bore have been carried out experiment to measure the optimal operation parameter of nozzle.
On the basis of experimental result, boring best of breed be, the pressure of pump is 115 MPas, fluid-flow rate is 234 liters of per minutes, the cutting on the Woma FR47 rotation nozzle and the diameter of reaming spout are 1.0mm and 1.2mm, and the answer spout orifice diameter of 1.2mm diameter.The step shelf of protection FR47 nozzle produces more smooth boring and more stable bore diameter.
An example of this nozzle combination is when nothing of brill departs from boring, to have bored 194 meters in 42 minutes total times.Another example is, a boring has been bored 192 meters, and drill string has passed through a 0.3m ultra-short radius, 97 minutes times spent.Attention does not need to stop boring at this and goes drill string is connected with this system.In the above two kinds of cases, to stop be owing to be subjected to the restriction of the drill string that can buy at that time in boring.The about 110mm of the diameter in hole.Obviously penetration rate is 10 times that known use drill string weight is sent fluid cutter speed to.
Should be understood that as long as without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various other changes and improvements described embodiment.

Claims (20)

1、一种用于在地下岩层中形成钻孔的可伸缩的钻孔装置(10，50)，所述装置包括：CLAIMS 1. A retractable drilling apparatus (10, 50) for forming a borehole in a subterranean formation, said apparatus comprising: 一自送进钻头，其被构造以便主要通过流体压力进行切割，并具有至少一个高压自旋转流体切割喷嘴(40C)，该切割喷嘴被构造以增加钻孔的长度；a self-feeding drill bit configured to cut primarily by fluid pressure and having at least one high-pressure self-rotating fluid cutting nozzle (40C) configured to increase the length of the borehole; 一推进装置，其位于钻头上并包括至少一个回复喷口(20，21，22，23)，所述回复喷口被设置得用于给钻头提供一个向前的推力，从而导致钻头从钻孔中的第一位置前进至钻孔中的第二位置；以及a propulsion device located on the drill bit and comprising at least one return jet (20, 21, 22, 23) arranged to provide a forward thrust to the drill bit, thereby causing the drill bit to move from the borehole the first location is advanced to a second location in the borehole; and 一个可伸缩的柔性导管，其与钻头相连并可与高压流体源相连，当所述钻头从第一位置移到第二位置时，所述导管可以在钻孔中轴向移动。A retractable flexible conduit is attached to the drill bit and connectable to a source of high pressure fluid, the conduit being movable axially within the borehole as the drill head moves from a first position to a second position. 2、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述流体切割喷嘴被构造得在压力478,803 Pa和957,606 Pa之间作用。2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid cutting nozzle is configured to operate at a pressure between 478,803 Pa and 957,606 Pa. 3、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述流体切割喷嘴被构造得在压力478,803 Pa和718,204.5 Pa之间作用。3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid cutting nozzle is configured to operate at a pressure between 478,803 Pa and 718,204.5 Pa. 4、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个回复喷口被构造得在压力478,803 Pa和957,606 Pa之间作用。4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one return orifice is configured to act at a pressure between 478,803 Pa and 957,606 Pa. 5、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述钻头具有一个大致与向前运动方向对齐的纵轴，并且所述至少一个回复喷口被构造得相对于所述纵轴以0°到30°的方向排出水。5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said drill bit has a longitudinal axis generally aligned with the direction of forward motion, and said at least one return jet is configured at 0° relative to said longitudinal axis Drain water in a direction of 30°. 6、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述钻头具有一个大致与向前运动方向对齐的纵轴，并且所述至少一个回复喷口被构造得相对于所述纵轴以5°的方向排出水。6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said drill bit has a longitudinal axis generally aligned with the direction of forward motion, and said at least one return jet is configured at an angle of 5° relative to said longitudinal axis direction to drain the water. 7、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导管被构造以向回复喷口供应流体。7. The device of claim 1, wherein the conduit is configured to supply fluid to the return jet. 8、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，进一步包括一个转向装置，其可操作地与钻头相连并被构造以朝向前方向引导钻头。8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a steering device operatively connected to the drill bit and configured to direct the drill bit in a forward direction. 9、如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转向装置包括至少一个喷嘴，其被构造以将喷射流导向所选取的方向。9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the diverting means includes at least one nozzle configured to direct the jet in a selected direction. 10、如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转向装置包括至少一个喷嘴，其被构造以将喷射流导向所选取的方向，并且所述转向装置进一步包括一个偏向元件，所述偏向元件能够移进和移出通过喷嘴的喷射流，以使水流偏向，偏向元件包括一个相对于喷嘴可在第一位置和第二位置之间旋转的圆环，其中在第一位置，圆环上的一部分与喷射流接合，而在第二位置，该部分与喷射流分开。10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said diverting means comprises at least one nozzle configured to direct the jet in a selected direction, and wherein said diverting means further comprises a deflecting element, said a deflection member capable of moving in and out of the jet stream through the nozzle to deflect the flow, the deflection member comprising a ring rotatable relative to the nozzle between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the ring A portion of the nozzle is engaged with the jet, and in the second position, the portion is separated from the jet. 11、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导管被构造以向至少一个高压流体切割喷嘴供应流体。11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conduit is configured to supply fluid to at least one high pressure fluid cutting nozzle. 12、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述钻头包括若干相互连通的子元件。12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said drill bit comprises a plurality of interconnected sub-elements. 13、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述流体切割喷嘴(40C)包括至少一个向前切割喷口(41)和至少一个侧面扩孔喷口(42)。13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said fluid cutting nozzle (40C) comprises at least one forward cutting jet (41) and at least one side reaming jet (42). 14、如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述流体切割喷嘴可相对于导管旋转，并且所述装置进一步包括一个围绕着流体切割喷嘴安置的保护架(13，13A)，以便在流体切割喷嘴旋转时至少限制流体切割喷嘴与钻孔壁之间的接触。14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that said fluid cutting nozzle is rotatable relative to the conduit, and said device further comprises a protective frame (13, 13A) arranged around the fluid cutting nozzle, so that when At least contact between the fluid cutting nozzle and the borehole wall is limited when the fluid cutting nozzle rotates. 15、如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述保护架包括一个向外突出的台阶(14)，其设置在从所述至少一个侧面扩孔喷口流出的流体路径的后端。15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that said protective frame comprises an outwardly protruding step (14) disposed at the rear end of the fluid path from said at least one side reaming spout. 16、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导管包括一个塑料内芯、钢丝加固物和一外部塑料壳。16. The device of claim 1, wherein said catheter comprises a plastic inner core, steel wire reinforcement and an outer plastic shell. 17、一种自送进钻孔系统，包括：17. A self-feeding drilling system comprising: 一钻孔装置(108)，其具有至少一个可旋转的流体切割喷嘴；a drilling device (108) having at least one rotatable fluid cutting nozzle; 一推进装置，其被设置得用于提供钻孔装置的向前的运动，所述推进装置包括至少一个回复喷嘴，所述回复喷嘴被设置得用于为钻头提供一个向前的推力，所述推进装置进一步包括至少一个侧面扩孔喷嘴；a propelling device configured to provide forward movement of the drilling device, said propelling device comprising at least one return nozzle configured to provide a forward thrust to the drill bit, said The propulsion device further comprises at least one side reaming nozzle; 一保护架，其围绕着可旋转的流体切割喷嘴安置，以便在喷嘴旋转时至少限制流体切割喷嘴与钻孔壁之间的接触，保护架具有一台阶，所述台阶位于从侧面扩孔喷嘴流出的喷射流碰撞钻孔壁之处的后面；a protective frame positioned around the rotatable fluid cutting nozzle to limit at least contact between the fluid cutting nozzle and the wall of the borehole as the nozzle rotates, the protective frame having a step positioned at the outlet of the side reaming nozzle behind where the jet impinges on the borehole wall; 一个可伸缩的柔性导管(109)，其与钻孔装置相连；以及a telescoping flexible catheter (109) connected to the drilling device; and 一进给及缩回装置(107)，其与柔性导管相连，以便进给并缩回所述钻孔装置。An advancing and retracting device (107) is connected to the flexible conduit for advancing and retracting the drilling device. 18、一种在地下岩层中钻孔的方法，包括：18. A method of drilling a subterranean formation comprising: 通过与钻头相连的可伸缩的柔性导管向钻孔里的钻头供应高压流体；Supply high-pressure fluid to the drill bit in the borehole through a retractable flexible conduit connected to the drill bit; 将高压流体从钻头中喷出以切割进入地下岩层中并增加钻孔的长度；Expelling high-pressure fluid from the drill bit to cut into subterranean formations and increase the length of the borehole; 通过引导来自钻头的推进力而将钻头在钻孔中从第一位置推进至第二位置；以及advancing the drill bit in the borehole from a first position to a second position by directing an advancing force from the drill bit; and 当钻头从第一位置前进至第二位置时，使导管在钻孔里移动。The guide tube is moved within the borehole as the drill bit is advanced from the first position to the second position. 19、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括将钻头从钻孔中撤回。19. The method of claim 18, further comprising withdrawing the drill bit from the borehole. 20、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括将甲烷从钻孔中取出。20. The method of claim 18, further comprising removing the methane from the borehole.
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ZA9610255B (en) 1997-06-09
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US20020011357A1 (en) 2002-01-31
GB2322889B (en) 1999-05-19
CN1204378A (en) 1999-01-06
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US6470978B2 (en) 2002-10-29
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US20030164253A1 (en) 2003-09-04
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AU7686996A (en) 1997-07-03
CA2239734C (en) 2006-03-14

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