CN107951561A - Tooth-borne type Maxillary region augmented reality location tracking device based on 3D printing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to oral and maxillofacial surgical medical devices and related fields of augmented reality technology, in particular to a tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing, which is characterized in that it includes an occlusal guide plate and a visual capture marker module , the visual capture mark module is provided with a retainer, a connector and a replaceable visual capture mark, the occlusal guide plate is connected to the retainer, and the retainer and the replaceable visual capture mark are connected through the connector to form a whole. The device in the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, convenience, high efficiency, precise positioning and dynamic visualization, etc., and assists maxillofacial surgery to achieve good results.

Description

3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of oral and maxillofacial surgical medical instruments and augmented reality technology, in particular to a tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing.

Background technique

Traditional maxillofacial surgery is determined entirely by the experience and judgment of the surgeon, so the success or failure of the operation largely depends on the mastery of the local anatomical structure by the surgeon. For young doctors or cases with large local structure variations, The difficulty of the operation is greatly increased, which seriously affects the effect of the operation and even prolongs the time of the operation.

With the rapid development of digital technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery, methods such as digital guide plate and surgical navigation have emerged for the positioning and tracking of intraoperative anatomical structures, but there are technical problems such as strong professionalism, high cost, and complicated registration technology. In recent years, a new digital technology-augmented reality/mixed reality technology-assisted maxillofacial surgery has gradually received attention. It is an important part of it to ensure that the virtual surgery plan is consistent with the real patient's maxillofacial anatomy according to the patient's position changes and the surgeon's perspective changes in real time.

Due to the nonlinear structure of the maxillofacial region, the anatomical structure is complex and highly variable, conventional positioning and tracking technology needs to implant fixation pins in the cranial trauma, and then use related technologies for positioning and tracking, which increases surgical trauma and operation time. In addition, the positioning tracking based on the hand-made tooth support cannot satisfy the control of the consistency of the parameters and the stability of the three-dimensional coordinates, which increases the error of the visual positioning tracking. If the error is large, it may even have a negative effect on the operation.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing, which is simple in structure, easy to operate, low in cost, convenient, efficient, accurate positioning and dynamic visualization, etc. Maxillofacial surgery with good results.

A tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing in the present invention that solves the above technical problems is characterized in that it includes an occlusal guide plate and a visual capture marker module, and the visual capture marker module is equipped with The retainer, the connecting body and the replaceable visual capture mark, the bite guide plate is connected with the retainer, and the retainer and the replaceable visual capture mark are connected through the connective body to form a whole.

The retainer is hollow, and is connected with the connecting body in a semi-fixed manner.

In the optimization plan, one end of the retainer is provided with a card slot, and one end of the connecting body is provided with a card block. When in use, the card block is inserted into the card slot so that the retainer and the edge joint are integrated.

The drawer retainer is provided on the inner wall of the retainer in the further optimization scheme, and a groove is provided at the corresponding position of the connecting body at the same time, the groove accommodates the drawer retainer, and the position and structure of the drawer retainer and the groove It fit perfectly. The drawer retainer can be arranged on the inner walls on both sides of the slot.

The drawer retainer is a pair, and the drawer retainer has the function of accommodating and fixing the connecting body, and plays a role in fixing the three-dimensional space position of the connecting body and the visual capture mark.

In the present invention, the front end of the retainer connected to the occlusal plate is provided with an occlusal front boundary marking line, which serves to define the front boundary of the occlusal plate during virtual fusion.

The connecting body and the visual capture mark adopt a cross fixed connection, and the cross fixed connection in the optimization adopts a cross fixed connection of 2*5*3mm.

The connection angle between the visual capture marker module and the connecting body is designed accordingly for different parts, and different angles can also be designed for the same case, which can be replaced according to the actual situation during the operation.

The replaceable visual capture sign is provided with a first sign area, a second sign area and an intermediate sign square, the second sign area is set at the center of the first sign area, and the middle sign square is set at the center of the second sign.

The size of the first logo area is 40*40mm, the thickness is 3mm, the thickness of the second logo area is 3.1mm, and the square size of the middle logo is 10*10mm; the second logo area in the optimization is L-shaped, consisting of three 10 *10mm small squares, the size of the small squares is 10*10mm.

The shell and connecting body of the retainer are rectangular parallelepiped or square.

The occlusal plate is hoof-shaped, and is provided with the upper surface of the occlusal plate, the lower surface of the occlusal plate, and the buccal and lingual side of the occlusal plate. The upper occlusal surface and the lower occlusal surface are respectively provided with alveoli, and the shape of the alveolar is closely aligned with the shape of the corresponding tooth crown. The first alveolar near the occlusal body is the position of the bilateral first molars, and its shape fits with the crown shape of the corresponding left and right first molars.

The width of the buccolingual side is 2-7mm, 2mm larger than the maximum diameter of the crowns of different tooth positions, and the thickness is 1.5-3mm. The buccal and lingual width in the present invention refers to the front and rear width from the mouth of the tooth to the lip. The shape of the teeth is thick in the middle and thin at both ends. The thick part is the high point of the shape, the depth of the alveolar and The size is the space from the high point of the profile to the jaw plane.

In the present invention, the occlusal guide plate is a personalized occlusal guide plate based on patient image data, and the visual capture mark module is designed and manufactured through unified three-dimensional modeling, 3D printing and calibration. The occlusal guide provides stable, accurate, repeatable and non-invasive fixation of the entire device on the upper and lower teeth, ensuring the repeatability of the virtual design model and the three-dimensional coordinates of the maxillofacial tissue of the real patient, as well as the unity of the visual coordinates, without affecting the surgical operation . Alternative visual capture markers are provided for recognition by the augmented reality system.

In the present invention, one end of the connecting body is connected with the retainer, and the other end is fused with the visual capture mark during the three-dimensional modeling period to perform STL model fusion, which plays a role of connection, which is beneficial to reduce the visual mark outside the scope of operation, and is also beneficial to the computer. Visual capture, preoperative data acquisition.

In the present invention, the rigid support and fixation of the dentition is realized through the occlusal plate, so that the replaceable visual capture mark is placed in the planned three-dimensional space position, and the application of the augmented reality system is better, and the three-dimensional dynamic visualization of the anatomical structure in the operation is improved, reducing The operation time is about 1 hour or more, reducing surgical complications. In clinical application, it can guide the positioning of surgery and the three-dimensional space position of fracture reduction in operations such as cystic lesions of the jaw and maxillofacial fractures, etc., and satisfactory results have been obtained.

The fabrication of the device in the present invention does not require high hardware and software, and consumer-level three-dimensional modeling software and 3D printing equipment can be independently completed.

The device of the invention is suitable for guiding the positioning of the operation and the reduction of the fracture in operations such as jaw cystic lesions and maxillofacial fractures. It is suitable for assisting patients with relatively stable occlusion and unilateral maxillofacial bone tissue lesions (such as maxillofacial fractures, restoration of maxillofacial bony deformities, jaw cystic lesions, dental implants, etc.) Ex-doctor-patient communication, consultation on corresponding diseases, etc.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Fig. 1 schematic diagram of device structure in the present invention

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the combination of retainer and connector in the present invention

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the visual capture mark after coloring in the present invention

Fig. 4 is the combined figure of device and maxillofacial region in the present invention

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the tooth crown structure in the present invention

The identifiers are specifically:

1. Occlusal plate, 2. Visual capture marker module, 3. Retainer, 4. Connector, 5. Replaceable visual capture marker, 6. Anterior occlusal marker line, 7. Drawer retainer, 8. Groove , 9. Shell, 10. Block, 11. Slot, 12. Maxillofacial region, 13. First mark area, 14. Second mark area, 15. Middle mark square, 16. Right first tooth, 17 .Contour high point, 18. Jaw plane, 19. The space between contour high point and maxillary plane, 20. Upper surface of occlusal plate, 21. Lower surface of occlusal plate, 22. Alveolar, 23. Bilateral first molars, 24. Buccal lingual side of bite plate

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of description and specific embodiment:

Example 1

A replaceable tooth-supported personalized maxillofacial augmented reality positioning tracking device based on 3D printing, including an occlusal guide plate and a visual capture mark module, the visual capture mark module is provided with a retainer, a connecting body and a replaceable The visual capture mark, the occlusal guide plate is connected with the retainer, and the retainer and the replaceable visual capture mark are connected through the connecting body to form a whole. The retainer is hollow, and is connected with the connecting body in a semi-fixed manner.

The connection angle between the visual capture marker module and the connecting body is designed accordingly for different parts, and different angles can also be designed for the same case, which can be replaced according to the actual situation during the operation. The connecting body plays the role of connection, which is beneficial to reduce the visual sign beyond the scope of surgical operation, and at the same time facilitates the visual capture of the computer and the acquisition of preoperative data. One end is semi-fixedly connected by the drawer retainer through the drawer retainer in the hollow shell and the box-shaped retainer shape of the shell. The other end and the visual capture logo are fused with the STL model during the 3D modeling period, and 3D printing is used later.

The replaceable visual capture sign is provided with a first sign area, a second sign area and an intermediate sign square, the second sign area is set at the center of the first sign area, and the middle sign square is set at the center of the second sign.

The shell and connecting body of the retainer are rectangular parallelepiped.

The body of the occlusal plate is hoof-shaped, with the upper surface of the occlusal plate, the lower surface of the occlusal plate and the buccal and lingual side of the occlusal plate. The upper surface of the occlusal plate and the lower surface of the occlusal plate are respectively provided with alveoli. Fitting; the first alveolar near the occlusal body is the position of the bilateral first molars, and its shape fits with the crown shape of the corresponding left and right first molars.

The width of the buccal and lingual side of the bite plate is 2-7mm, 2mm larger than the maximum diameter of the crowns of different teeth, and the thickness is 1.5-3mm. The buccal and lingual width of the occlusal plate refers to the front and back width from the mouth of the teeth to the lip. The teeth are up and down (the direction from the crown to the root) and the shape is thick in the middle and thin at both ends. The thick part is the high point of the shape, the depth and size of the alveolar It is the space from the high point of the shape to the jaw plane.

The occlusal guide provides stable, accurate, repeatable and non-invasive fixation of the entire device on the upper and lower teeth, ensuring the repeatability of the virtual design model and the three-dimensional coordinates of the maxillofacial tissue of the real patient, as well as the unity of the visual coordinates, without affecting the surgical operation . Alternative visual capture markers are provided for recognition by the augmented reality system.

The size and shape of the retainer, connector and replaceable visual capture mark are uniformly designed according to the requirements of the augmented reality system to ensure the consistency of the module design.

Example 2

A replaceable tooth-supported personalized maxillofacial augmented reality positioning tracking device based on 3D printing, including an occlusal guide plate and a visual capture mark module, the visual capture mark module is provided with a retainer, a connecting body and a replaceable The visual capture mark, the occlusal guide plate is connected with the retainer, and the retainer and the replaceable visual capture mark are connected through the connecting body to form a whole. The retainer is hollow, and is connected with the connecting body in a semi-fixed manner.

One end of the retainer is provided with a card slot, and one end of the connecting body is provided with a card block, and the block is inserted into the card slot during use so that the retainer and the side joint are integrated. A drawer retainer is provided on the inner wall of the card slot, and a groove is provided at a corresponding position of the connecting body, the groove accommodates the drawer retainer, and the position and structure of the drawer retainer and the groove are completely matched. The drawer retainer can be arranged on the inner walls on both sides of the slot. The drawer retainer is a pair, and the drawer retainer has the function of accommodating and fixing the connecting body, and plays a role in fixing the three-dimensional space position of the connecting body and the visual capture mark.

The front end of the retainer connected to the occlusal plate is provided with an occlusal anterior boundary marking line, which serves to define the anterior boundary of the occlusal plate during virtual fusion.

The hollow retainer is box-shaped, and the outer body size is 10*6*4mm. The inner hollow size is 7*4*3mm, which matches the embedded connection end of the connector. The two drawer retainers in the inner box are 6.9*1*1mm, which match the groove of the connecting body. The overall length of the connecting body is 30mm, the size of the connection part with the hollow retainer is 6.9*3.8*2.8mm, the groove size is 6.9*1.2*1.2mm, and the cross-sectional size of the remaining part of the connecting body is 6*4mm.

The connecting body and the visual capture mark adopt a cross fixed connection of 2*5*3mm, and different connection angles are designed according to different parts. The specific corresponding relationship is as follows:

If multiple lesions are involved, you can choose to design different angles (satisfying the visual landmark plane and the cut surface of the surgical site at 30-180 degrees), and disassemble and replace the hollow retainer fixed on the occlusal plate according to the requirements of not blocking the surgical operation. .

The replaceable visual capture sign is provided with a first sign area, a second sign area and an intermediate sign square, the second sign area is set at the center of the first sign area, and the middle sign square is set at the center of the second sign.

The size of the first logo area is 40*40mm, the thickness is 3mm, the thickness of the second logo area is 3.1mm, and the square size of the middle logo is 10*10mm; the second logo area mentioned in the optimization is L-shaped, consisting of three 10*10mm Composed of small squares, the size of the small squares is 10*10mm. The first logo area and the middle logo square can be set to black, and the second logo area can be set to white to facilitate identification and obtain the visual logo of the augmented reality system (black and white grid layout).

Excessive size will prolong the production time, increase the space occupied by the object, and affect the operation during the operation. Irregularities in size will affect the scaling factor and affect the accuracy.

The shell and connecting body of the retainer are cubes.

The body of the occlusal plate is hoof-shaped, with the upper surface of the occlusal plate, the lower surface of the occlusal plate and the buccal and lingual side of the occlusal plate. The upper surface of the occlusal plate and the lower surface of the occlusal plate are respectively provided with alveoli. Fitting; the first alveolar near the occlusal body is the position of the bilateral first molars, and its shape fits with the crown shape of the corresponding left and right first molars.

The width of the buccal and lingual side of the bite plate is 2-7mm, 2mm larger than the maximum diameter of the crowns of different teeth, and the thickness is 1.5-3mm.

The occlusal guide provides stable, accurate, repeatable and non-invasive fixation of the entire device on the upper and lower teeth, ensuring the repeatability of the virtual design model and the three-dimensional coordinates of the maxillofacial tissue of the real patient, as well as the unity of the visual coordinates, without affecting the surgical operation . Alternative visual capture markers are provided for recognition by the augmented reality system.

The concrete operating steps of preparation method among the present invention are as follows:

(1) The patient bites the wax block to open the bite and fix it in the open and closed state for routine spiral CT scanning to obtain DICOM data;

(2) After making the virtual surgery plan routinely, divide the upper and lower jaws on the virtual surgery software, adjust the upper and lower jaws so that the bilateral joints are at the last position, and the upper and lower teeth are at the crossed position of the cusps. and bilateral first molar distal adjacent surface, buccal lingual side width greater than 1mm of tooth diameter, thickness greater than 1/2 of the distance between the upper and lower teeth outline, and bisected by the maxillary plane) minus the occlusal tooth model, Obtain the occlusal plate; export the virtual surgical design model and the occlusal plate model STL file while keeping the spatial position unchanged;

(3) In the 3D modeling software, the hollow retainer, connecting body and visual marker models were designed according to the corresponding dimensions, and the corresponding STL model was exported, and the spatial position of the occlusal plate was kept constant, and the Bohr operation was used to The hollow retainer is added to it, and the front and rear positions of the superimposition are at the rear edge of the front boundary marking line of the occlusal plate, and the plane is consistent with the jaw plane;

The replaceable visual capture mark adopts graphic edge extraction technology to identify the three-dimensional space position of its entity. During the production process, the traditional paper printing method is abandoned, and the three-dimensional modeling method is adopted to design different thickness shapes (differential The value is 0.1mm), and the edges of each part are sharpened, and then printed with 3D technology to obtain better recognition accuracy and better repeatability than traditional paper printing.

Specifically, in the 3D modeling software, use a 5*5*0.3cm cube as the original model, perform origin registration with the extracted edge frame and the cube model, increase the thickness of the white part of the visual sign to 0.4cm, and perform edge sharpening change. And mirror design is carried out on both sides. After printing, the 0.3cm thick area is blackened.

(4) Use 3D printing to make the STL model of the above-mentioned synthetic occlusal plate and hollow retainer (hereinafter referred to as the synthetic model), the connective body and the visual sign model;

(5) Keep the synthetic model and the virtual plan three-dimensional space position stable, use the visual capture logo module, use the drawer retention shape in the virtual space to perform three-dimensional matching, and export the entire model including the surgical virtual plan as an STL file (following referred to as augmented reality model);

(6) In the 3D modeling software, the augmented reality model is matched with the origin of the world coordinate system centered on the center of gravity of the visual capture mark, and the whole is reduced with a scaling ratio of 0.025;

(7) During the operation, the occlusal plate is stably fixed on the corresponding teeth of the patient, and under the recognition of the augmented reality visual capture system, a virtual surgical plan consistent with the patient's real anatomical structure shape, size, and spatial position is presented in reality, assisting surgery the operator's operation.

In the present invention, the rigid support and fixation of the dentition is realized through the occlusal plate, so that the visual capture mark is placed in the planned three-dimensional space position, and the application of the augmented reality system is better, the three-dimensional dynamic visualization of the anatomical structure is improved during the operation, and the operation time is reduced. , to increase the precision of the operation. In clinical application, it can guide the positioning of surgery and the three-dimensional space position of fracture reduction in operations such as cystic lesions of the jaw and maxillofacial fractures, etc., and satisfactory results have been obtained.

The personalized bite guide plate is fixed between the upper and lower teeth by the principle of rigid clamping.

Test example one

The patient, male, 30 years old, needed "open reduction and internal fixation for left maxilla and zygomatic fracture" under general anesthesia due to left maxilla and zygomatic fracture. Helical CT scan was performed after the patient bit the wax block to open the bite , segment the data after obtaining the data, virtual design of the occlusal splint, and the design of the virtual surgical plan to ensure that the three-dimensional relationship between the virtual surgical plan model and the occlusal splint is fixed, and after the hollow retainer STL model is fused with the occlusal splint, the The overall model is matched with the origin of the three-dimensional coordinates, the fused occlusal plate and the hollow retainer are taken to export the STL model, printed using SLA3D printing technology, the model with changed coordinates is imported into the augmented reality system for storage, and the pre-made visual capture module It is connected with the hollow retainer by means of a retainer-shaped clip of a drawer. After general anesthesia during the operation, one side of the occlusal plate is worn on the patient’s dentition and fixed, and the head-mounted augmented reality device is used to capture the landmarks on the positioning tracker to integrate the virtual surgery plan with the real patient on the display screen. Three-dimensional real-time dynamic assistance to find the fracture line and grasp the shape and direction of fracture reduction. The operation is completed 1 hour earlier than the traditional operation. After the postoperative CT scan, the analysis of the preoperative plan was completed, and the patient's facial shape, mouth opening degree, and comfort were evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.

Test example two

The patient, female, 45 years old, needed "open reduction and internal fixation for old fractures of the right maxilla and zygomatic arch" under general anesthesia due to old fractures of the right maxilla and zygomatic arch. The patient bit wax The helical CT scan is performed after the block is opened and the occlusal plate is opened. After the data is obtained, the image is segmented. The virtual design of the occlusal plate and the virtual surgical plan ensures that the three-dimensional relationship between the virtual surgical plan model and the occlusal plate is fixed. The hollow retainer STL model and the After the occlusal plate is fused, match the origin of the three-dimensional coordinates of the overall model, take the fused occlusal plate and the hollow retainer to export the STL model, use SLA3D printing technology to print, and import the model with changed coordinates into the augmented reality system for storage. A good visual capture module is connected with the hollow retainer by means of a drawer retainer, and two connectors at 90 degrees and 180 degrees are respectively selected for connection. After general anesthesia during the operation, one side of the occlusal plate is worn on the patient’s dentition and fixed, and the head-mounted augmented reality device is used to capture the landmarks on the positioning tracker to integrate the virtual surgery plan with the real patient on the display screen. Three-dimensional real-time dynamic assistance to find the fracture line and grasp the shape and direction of fracture reduction. The operation went smoothly, the operation time was short, and it was completed about 1 hour earlier than the traditional operation. After the postoperative CT scan, the analysis of the preoperative plan was completed, and the patient's facial shape, mouth opening degree, and comfort were evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.

Test example three

The patient, male, 47 years old, needed to undergo "curettage and biopsy of left mandibular cystic lesion" under general anesthesia due to cystic lesion of the left mandibular bone. Image segmentation, virtual design of the occlusal plate and virtual surgical plan, to ensure that the three-dimensional relationship between the virtual surgical plan model and the occlusal plate is fixed, and after the hollow retainer STL model is fused with the occlusal plate, the origin of the three-dimensional coordinates of the overall model is determined. Matching, take the fused occlusal plate and hollow retainer to export the STL model, print it using SLA3D printing technology, import the model with changed coordinates into the augmented reality system for storage, and use the pre-made visual capture module with the hollow retainer to use the drawer For the retaining-shaped clamping connection, two connectors of 90 degrees and 150 degrees are respectively selected for connection. After general anesthesia during the operation, one side of the occlusal plate is worn on the patient’s dentition and fixed, and the head-mounted augmented reality device is used to capture the landmarks on the positioning tracker to integrate the virtual surgery plan with the real patient on the display screen. Three-dimensional real-time dynamic display of the relationship between the inferior alveolar canal and the lesion, the scope of the cystic lesion, and the surrounding bone resistance, guiding the direction and area of bone removal, and protecting the nerve and surrounding tissue when all lesion tissue is removed. The operation went well. The postoperative CT scan was completed and the analysis of the preoperative plan was completed, and the patient's facial shape, mouth opening degree, and comfort were evaluated. The patient had no numbness and discomfort, and no obvious local collapse was seen, and the results were satisfactory.

Claims (10)

1. A tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing, characterized in that: it includes an occlusal guide plate and a visual capture sign module, and the visual capture sign module is provided with a retainer, a connecting body and The visual capture mark can be replaced, the occlusal guide plate is connected with the retainer, and the retainer and the replaceable visual capture mark are connected through the connecting body to form a whole. 2. A tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the retainer is hollow, and is connected with the connecting body in a semi-fixed manner. 3. A tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the retainer is provided with a card slot, and one end of the connecting body is provided with a card block , when in use, the card block is inserted into the card slot so that the retainer and the side body are integrated. 4. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: a drawer retainer is provided on the inner wall of the slot of the retainer, and is connected to There is a groove at the corresponding position of the body, and the position and structure of the drawer retainer and the groove are completely matched. 5. A tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device based on 3D printing according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the front end of the retainer connected to the occlusal plate is set There is a marking line before the bite. 6. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting body and the replaceable visual capture mark adopt a cross-fixed connection; The cross fixed connection is a 2*5*3mm cross fixed connection. 7. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the replaceable visual capture marks are provided with a first mark area, a second mark area and The middle logo square, the second logo area is set at the center of the first logo area, and the middle logo square is set at the center of the second logo. 8. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the size of the first marker area is 40*40mm, the thickness is 3mm, and the second marker The thickness of the area is 3.1mm, and the square size of the middle logo is 10*10mm; the second logo area mentioned in the optimization is L-shaped, consisting of three small squares of 10*10mm, and the size of the small square is 10*10mm. 9. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shell and connecting body of the retainer are cuboids or cubes. 10. A 3D printing-based tooth-supported maxillofacial augmented reality positioning and tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the occlusal plate is hoof-shaped, with an upper surface of the occlusal plate and a lower surface of the occlusal plate On the buccal and lingual side of the occlusal plate, there are alveoli on the occlusal upper surface and the lower occlusal surface respectively, and the shape of the alveolar fits with the shape of the corresponding tooth crown; Its shape fits with the crown shape of the corresponding left and right first largest teeth.