CN107915666A - 一种格隆溴铵化合物 - Google Patents
一种格隆溴铵化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107915666A CN107915666A CN201610881114.0A CN201610881114A CN107915666A CN 107915666 A CN107915666 A CN 107915666A CN 201610881114 A CN201610881114 A CN 201610881114A CN 107915666 A CN107915666 A CN 107915666A
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- glycopyrronium bromide
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种格隆溴铵化合物。慢性阻塞性肺病是一种常见的呼吸系统疾病,其患病率和病死率在我国呈逐年上升的趋势,在全球则影响到约2.1亿人,并被预测将成为2020年的第三大死亡原因。格隆溴铵对于慢性阻塞性肺病患者,治疗后1周内格隆溴铵的药代动力学达到稳态,有改善作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药研究领域,具体涉及格隆溴铵化合物及其临床应用。
背景技术
格隆溴铵又称甘罗溴铵,胃长宁。白色结晶性粉末,无臭,味微苦。熔点193~194.5℃。易溶于水、乙醇,溶于乙腈、甲醇,微溶于丙酮,几乎不溶于氯仿和乙醚。以苯乙烯为原料制得。季铵类抗胆碱药,具有抑制胃液分泌及调节胃肠蠕动的作用。服用后能迅速解痉,抗酸止痛。用于胃及十二指肠溃疡、慢性胃炎、胃酸分泌过多等症。疗效与溴丙胺太林相仿或更佳。制剂有片剂,针剂。
格隆溴铵(Glycopyrronium Bromide)是一种长效季铵类毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂。1961年,美国FDA批准了SHIONOGI INC开发的格隆溴铵片(ROBINUL FORTE,1mg,2mg),用于胃、十二指肠溃疡及慢性胃炎等。1975年2月,美国FDA批准了HIKMA MAPLE开发的格隆溴铵注射液(ROBINUL,0.2mg/ml),用于麻醉前给药,以抑制腺体分泌。
2010年7月,美国FDA批准了MERZ PHARMS开发的格隆溴铵口服液(Cuvposa),用于治疗3~6岁儿童因神经疾病而引起的长期严重流涎。2012年9月诺华制药公司研发(最初由Sosei公司开发)的格隆溴铵粉吸入剂(50μg,硬胶囊剂),在日本获得批准,同年10月又获欧盟委员会批准,适用于长期缓解成人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的症状。
气雾剂是指可以在空气中以极微小的液滴或固体粉末悬浮的制剂。适合于肺功能、哮喘、肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)以及囊性纤维化等疾病的治疗,局部浓度高,起效快,全身副作用小。近年来,肺部吸入给药作为一些蛋白质及多肽分子的新的给药途径以达到全身性疾病的治疗,如胰岛素、疫苗、生长激素等的干粉吸入剂都有研究。一些全身作用的小分子药物如抗偏头痛药物、麻醉剂等也有应用。
从结构上分析,格隆溴铵可依次经过α-环戊基扁桃酸(或α-环戊基扁桃酰氯,或α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯)与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇反应成酯(酯化),然后再与溴甲烷反应生成季铵盐(季铵化),最后通过结晶拆分(精制)而得。据国内外相关文献报道,酯化方法较多,主要包括(1)α-环戊基扁桃酸(或α-环戊基扁桃酰氯,或α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯)与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇通过酯化或酯交换反应成酯,(2)α-环戊基扁桃酸与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇通过Mitsunobu反应成酯,和(3)α-环戊基扁桃酸与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇在缩合剂作用下缩合成酯;季铵化方法基本一致,均可通过酯化产物与溴甲烷反应而得。据此,我们根据第一步酯化反应类型的不同,主要概括了如下三条路线:
(1)、合成路线一
美国专利US1960/2956062为格隆溴铵的化合物专利。该专利明确描述了制备格隆溴铵的方法,主要包括α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇在碱金属催化下以烷烃为溶剂进行的酯交换,所得酯交换产物以甲基乙基酮为溶剂再与溴甲烷反应形成季铵盐,最后通过甲基乙基酮和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶纯化得到格隆溴铵。其中,,酯化一步以金属钠为催化剂,正庚烷为溶剂时,酯交换反应收率为64%。美国专利US2009/0005577也提出了通过类似过程制得格隆溴铵的方法,与美国专利US1960/2956062的不同之处在于最后精制过程所用的重结晶溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
据此,我们总结出第一条合成路线:
该路线起始原料易得,各步反应所用试剂种类较少,反应后处理简单,工艺稳定可操作性强,收率稳定,适用于工业化生产;该路线在中国无知识产权保护。
(2)、合成路线二
美国专利US 2007/0123557指出,酯化过程除了可通过经典的α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇的酯交换反应实现外,还可直接通过α-环戊基扁桃酸与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇的Mitsunobu反应实现,且Mitsunobu反应收率较酯交换反应收率高[9]。据此,我们总结出第二条合成路线:
该路线所用起始原料易得,反应收率较前一种方法高,但Mitsunobu反应所需要的相关试剂种类较多,且部分试剂价格昂贵,原子经济性较差,不利于工业化生产。
(3)、合成路线三
专利文献CN102388021A(申请日:2010年4月7日)、CN103819384A(申请日:2013年12月5日)和CN102627595(申请日:2012年3月9日)中采用了一种新的酯化方法,将α-环戊基扁桃酸先与缩合剂形成活性酯,再与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇进行缩合。CN102388021A和CN103819384A中使用的缩合剂为羰基二咪唑(CDI),CN102627595(申请日:2012年3月9日)中使用的缩合剂为4-氯-2,6-二甲氧基三嗪(CDMI)。据此,我们总结出第三条合成路线:
该路线所用起始原料易得,工艺操作简单,各步收率稳定,适合工业化大生产;但该路线在中国涉及专利保护,且离专利到期时间较长。
(4)、总结概述
通过对以上三条路线的研究和分析,综合考虑路线的可行性、起始原料是否易得、质量的可控性、生产过程中的安全环保、拟报生产批量和专利权属状态等因素,我公司的工艺路线采用路线的合成方法,以α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯(即2-环戊基-2-羟基-2-苯基乙酸甲酯)与1-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇为起始原料,依次经酯化、成盐和精制制得格隆溴铵最终产品。该合成路线较其它合成路线具有步骤简洁、质量稳定可控、收率较高和经济环保等优点。我公司确定格隆溴铵的合成路线如下:
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一组气流受限为特征的肺部疾病,气流受限不完全可逆,呈进行性发展,但是可以预防和治疗。与气道和肺脏对有毒颗粒或气体的慢性炎性反应增强有关。急性加重和并发症影响着疾病的严重程度。COPD主要累及肺部,但也可以引起肺外各器官的损害。
COPD的病因目前尚未完全明确,其外因有吸烟、感染、空气污染、职业粉尘和化学物质等,内因有呼吸道局部防御及免疫功能降低、自主神经功能紊乱等。研究认为COPD的发病机制主要有三个方面:呼吸道炎性反应、蛋白酶/抗蛋白酶失调和氧化/抗氧化失衡,其中呼吸道炎性反应是其重要发病机制。研究认为巨噬细胞、辅助性T细胞和中性粒细胞均与COPD的炎性反应有关。它们主要通过释放多种炎性介质来破坏肺组织结构,加重炎性反应。其中,T细胞介导的炎性反应参与COPD和肺气肿的发生与发展,并与疾病的严重程度相关,提示免疫反应可能在其中起着重要作用[i]。
COPD因其患病率及死亡率高而受到世界各国的重视。亚太呼吸病学会的调查显示,亚洲11国COPD的患病率为6.2%,我国部分地区资料表明,15岁以上人群的发病率约为3.12%。中国“十五”期间流行病学调查报告显示,40岁以上的COPD的患病率为8.2%,男性患病率12.4%,高于女性的5.1%。也就是说在中国,大约有3500万例COPD患者,死亡100万例/年,致残500~1000万例/年。
COPD是一种常见的呼吸系统疾病,其患病率和病死率在我国呈逐年上升的趋势。根据世界银行/世界卫生组织(WHO)发表的一项研究,预计至2020年COPD的全球经济负担将跃居所有疾病的第5位。
US8558008、WO2014134510、WO2014118530、CN101133021都曾提及格隆溴铵的晶体(型)的制备方法。经检索,格隆溴铵国内有关的专利如下表:
格隆溴铵国内外相关的专利
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种格隆溴铵化合物,具有良好的FPF%(吸入代谢参数),其结构式如下:
上述化合物,在2θ7.1±0.1、12.1±0.1、13.8±0.1、14.4±0.1、14.4±0.1、16.9±0.1、20.0±0.1、23.3±0.1、20.9±0.1、18.5±0.1和15.8±0.1处有X射线衍射峰。上述化合物,具有与附图2类似的差热分析图谱。
上述化合物,可以用于制备片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、注射液和冻干粉针制剂。
本发明的另一目的是在于提供一种药物组合物,其包含上述化合物以及药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述化合物在制备慢性阻塞性肺病药物中的应用。
上述的化合物可以与药学上可接受的辅料或载体,如口服制剂常用辅料,注射剂常用辅料等一起,制备成口服制剂如片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂,注射剂如注射液、冻干粉针等制剂形式。
本发明的晶型衍射数据与US8558008、WO2014134510、WO2014118530、CN101133021均不相同。通过本发明的实施,令人惊异地提高了FPF%(细粒子分数指能够透过呼吸道并沉降在肺部的粒子的数量百分比)数值,这在常规粉雾剂中,是非常难以达到的,常规超过50%就非常困难。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的格隆溴铵晶型的粉末X射线衍射图;
图2是本发明实施例1的格隆溴铵晶型的DSC图;
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,使本领域专业技术人员可以更好地理解本发明,但该实施例并不以任何形式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将格隆溴铵加入乙腈-甲乙醚(1:19)的混合溶剂中,在35-42℃加热搅拌至溶解,得到格隆溴铵混合溶液;将溶液降温至25℃,恒温结晶,过滤,干燥即得晶体。
粉末X射线衍射:使用Cu-K辐射,所得格隆溴铵晶体的X-ray射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图谱见附图1。差示扫描量热分析:格隆溴铵的差示扫描量热分析图谱见附图2
实施例2
将硬脂酸镁0.5g与载体用一水乳糖205g在三维混合机中以混合4小时,将微粉化为D90小于5微米,D50小于2.5微米的格隆溴铵(实施例1)0.75g加入上述粉末中,采用三维混合继续混合1小时,得到可吸入的干粉A;将干粉A以等分试样25mg装入3号HPMC材质的胶囊中。
实施例3
将硬脂酸镁4.5g、载体用一水乳糖200g、微粉化为D90小于5微米,D50小于2.5微米的格隆溴铵(实施例1)0.79g一起加入三维混合机中速度混合6小时,得到可吸入的干粉B;将干粉B以等分试样50mg装入3号HPMC材质的胶囊中。
实施例4
在常规加速试验条件下,测定其FPF%(细粒子分数指能够透过呼吸道并沉降在肺部的粒子的数量百分比)数值。在特定晶型下进行的粉碎和和混合,才能保证FPF%的应用水平。
表1实施例2和3各制剂样品的FPF值
Claims (6)
1.一种格隆溴铵化合物,其特征在于其结构式如下:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于在2θ为约2θ7.1±0.1、 12.1±0.1、13.8±0.1、14.4±0.1、 14.4±0.1、16.9±0.1、20.0±0.1、23.3±0.1、20.9±0.1、18.5±0.1和15.8±0.1处有X射线衍射峰。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其特征在于具有与附图2类似的差热分析图谱。
4.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其特征在于可以用于制备片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、注射液和吸入制剂。
5.一种药物组合物,其特征在于含有权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物及药学上可接受的辅料。
6.权利要求1-4的化合物或权利要求5所述药物组合物在制备慢性阻塞性肺病物中的应用。
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