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CN1078659C - 制造真空玻璃窗的方法 - Google Patents

制造真空玻璃窗的方法 Download PDF

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CN1078659C
CN1078659C CN94192667A CN94192667A CN1078659C CN 1078659 C CN1078659 C CN 1078659C CN 94192667 A CN94192667 A CN 94192667A CN 94192667 A CN94192667 A CN 94192667A CN 1078659 C CN1078659 C CN 1078659C
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R·E·科林斯
J·Z·唐
D·A·克卢斯顿
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Abstract

本说明书描述的发明是关于对绝热玻璃板(10,11)的设计所做的大量的改进。第一个改进涉及到支承柱(12),尤其是设计支承柱半径和间隙的一种方法,以及按照这种方法的设计约束条件制造的板(10,11)。第二个改进涉及到边部密封(13),尤其是制造有良好的边部密封(13)的绝热玻璃板(10,11)及带有良好密封(13)的板(10,11)的一种方法,第三个改进涉及到板(10,11)的抽空,尤其是改进制造过程中板(10,11)抽空的方法以及用改进的方法生产的板(10,11)。第四个改进涉及到抽空管,尤其是带有改进的抽空管的板(10,11),以及制造这种板(10,11)的方法。

Description

制造真空玻璃窗的方法
本发明是关于对绝热玻璃板的设计所做的大量的改进。这些玻璃板一般由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接。这种玻璃板用来做玻璃窗,这种绝热窗户一般称作真空玻璃窗。
绝热玻璃板一般是通过下面的方法来制造的:把焊料玻璃放在玻璃的外围;把大量的支承柱放在其中某一块玻璃上;把两块玻璃放在一起,允许它们一起移动;加热玻璃板,使板周围的焊料玻璃融化,使得两块玻璃固定在支承柱上;然后冷却玻璃板,使边部密封固化。接着,通过一个穿过一块玻璃或边部密封的管子将玻璃板抽空,最后,抽空管被融化、密封住。
第一个改进涉及支承柱,尤其是设计支承柱半径和间隙的一种方法,以及按照这种方法的设计约束条件而制造的玻璃板。
第二个改进涉及边部密封,尤其是制造有良好的边部密封的绝热玻璃板及带有良好密封的玻璃板的方法。
第三个改进涉及玻璃板的抽空,尤其是改进玻璃板制造过程中抽空的方法,以及用改进的方法生产的玻璃板。
第四个改进涉及抽空管,尤其是带有改进的抽空管的玻璃板,以及制造这种玻璃板的方法。
在真空玻璃窗的制造过程中,必须满足几个条件。第一,必须在玻璃板的周围产生边部密封。第二,为了防止两块玻璃由于强大的大气压力作用而互相接触,玻璃窗中心须有大量的支承柱。第三,两层玻璃之间的空气必须抽空到很稀薄的程度。这种真空水平必须在玻璃窗使用寿命期间得以保持。第四,为了减少通过玻璃的辐射热流,在一块或两块玻璃的内表面涂上低发光性的涂层。
已经有人辨别出了影响支承柱排列,尤其是支承柱半径和间隙或间隔的设计选择的几个因素。从本质上说,支承柱排列的设计是降低玻璃块中机械张应力(要求更多和更大的支承柱)和减少通过支承柱的热流量(要求少的、更小的支承柱)之间的一种权衡。
以前已辨别出张应力的两个区域。首先,机械张应力存在于真空玻璃窗中支承柱上部区域,位于玻璃的外表面上。由于大气压力使得支承柱上面的玻璃弯曲而产生此应力。其次,应力存在于紧挨着支承柱的玻璃的内表面上。这两个区域中的应力非常类似于传统的赫兹压头式应力,能够引起支承柱附近玻璃的锥形破裂。
然而,现有技术还未能提供一种恰当选定支承柱半径和间隔的方法。因此,在玻璃板的外表面会产生破裂。
在真空玻璃窗的周围形成边部密封的一种方法是采用低熔点玻璃(焊料玻璃)。为了产生这样一个边部密封,焊料玻璃以液体浆状态置于一块或两块玻璃的边部的表面上。两块玻璃放在一起,整个装配部件加热到一个温度,在这个温度下,焊料玻璃融化,弄湿玻璃表面,在两块玻璃间流动以形成密闭封口。
困难之一是,即使在所采用的高温下,焊料玻璃仍具有相当高的粘性,不容易在两块玻璃间流动。如果两块玻璃间有太多的焊料玻璃的话,焊料玻璃不可能完全从空隙中流出使得在边部密封过程中上层玻璃下落到支承柱上。这导致最终实现真空时,边部附近的玻璃内有大的拉应力。
真空玻璃窗制造中一个必要的步骤是两块玻璃间产生低压;通常称为抽空过程。
两层玻璃之间的空间一般通过位于玻璃板角部或接近角部的小管来抽空。通常的抽取技术用来减小压力,玻璃板被加热,以便从玻璃的表面去掉溶解的气体。随后,结构被冷却,抽空所用的管子即抽空管被融化,密封以使孔洞闭合。在一些设计中,能起反应的物质,称为“吸气剂”,放入孔洞中,为了是吸收玻璃板使用寿命期间内表面释放的气体。
问题之一是需要相当长的时间来抽空玻璃板。抽空所需的时间取决于很多因素,包括抽空管的尺寸、玻璃板的面积以及两层玻璃间空隙的尺寸。
为了抽空和密封真空玻璃窗,在它们的结构中包括一个小的抽空管是很必要的,通过抽空管,产生抽空。抽空管是必要的,因为在结构的抽空和烘烤之后,进行抽空的孔必须加以密封。直接在玻璃的表面这样做很困难,因为密封过程涉及到高温,能引起玻璃中的应力。然而,小管的末端可以被融化和密封,而没有必要加热正在被抽空的玻璃板整体。
一般可以采用低溶点玻璃(焊料玻璃)将小的玻璃管密封成一个穿过一层玻璃的孔。人们已经发现,采用焊料玻璃密封磨过的玻璃表面,会产生接头,由于焊料玻璃下方区域中磨过的玻璃中的气体流动,使得接头处很有可能发生泄露。因此,实际应用中,将管子密封到光滑的、未经过机加工的玻璃内表面上,以产生不泄露的接头。然而,这种方法存在的一个问题是,在抽空管和玻璃板之间相对外露的焊料玻璃接头处,有时会产生裂缝。这是由于焊料玻璃的热膨胀和玻璃块的热膨胀不匹配。从而在密封处的焊料玻璃中产生张应力,而导致裂缝的生成。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种恰当选定支承柱半径和安装间隔的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于绝热玻璃板的边部密封,玻璃板的安装姿势允许焊料玻璃容易在玻璃板之间流动。
本发明的又一个目的是提供这样的绝热玻璃板,它允许其抽空操作能在相当短的时间内完成。
本发明的再一个目的是解决在焊料玻璃中产生破裂的问题。
按照本发明的一个方面,本发明为绝热玻璃板中一个阵开的支承柱提供了一种设计支承柱半径和间隔的方法。这种方法包括以下通常的步骤:
选择支承柱的间隔,以保证玻璃块外表面的张应力低于预定值;
选择支承柱的间隔和半径,以保证玻璃内表面不会产生锥形的压头式破裂;
选择支承柱的间隔和半径,以保证支承柱列阵的热传导低于预定值;必要的步骤有:
选择支承柱的间隔和半径,以保证各个支承柱内的机械压应力低于预定值。
如果不考虑第四个准则,即考虑支承柱内的机械压应力的选择,那么,支承柱可能发生非弹性变形,远离边部密封的玻璃的间隔比边部附近间隔小。这导致边部附近的玻璃弯曲,引起玻璃外表面张应力较大,这将使得玻璃更有可能破裂。
另外的一个因素是支承柱必须能经受住真空玻璃窗的生产过程。特别是在某些制造过程中,为形成边部密封,必须将整个结构加热到500℃左右。边部密封通常架用一种称为焊料玻璃的材料,焊料玻璃的熔点低于玻璃块自身的软化点。支承柱材料必须在这样一个高温循环后,保持其低温强度特性。
把温度要求,以及第四个准则考虑在内,减少了可以作为支承柱的材料的品种。适合的材料包括:经过硬化处理的钨、钽、钼、高强度合金钢、陶瓷材料,包括高强度矾土(氧化铝)、锆氧化物(二氧化锆),以及大部分成分是这些物质的陶瓷制品。
按照本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了一个由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃之间围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接。可以选择支承柱的间隔,以保证玻璃外表面的张应力低于预定值;可以选择支承柱的间隔和半径,以保证玻璃内表面不产生锥形的压头作用因素,支承柱列阵的热传导低于预定值,以及最基本的,保证每个支承柱内的机械压应低于频率值。
支承柱最好由机械压缩强度高于750MPa的材料制成,若高于1000Mpa就更好了。
支承柱最好由下面一种合适的材料制成:经过硬化处理的钨,钽,钼,高强度合金钢,陶瓷材料,包括高强度矾土(氧化铝)、锆氧化物(二氧化锆),以及大部分成分是这些物质的陶瓷制品。
按照本发明的又一个方面,本发明为绝热玻璃板提供了形成边部密封的一种方法,绝热玻璃板由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成,两块玻璃围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接;该方法包括下述步骤:
(a)准备第一块和第二块玻璃,使得当两块玻璃放在一起时,它们的边部不对齐,且在玻璃板周围的任一点,一块玻璃的边部超出另一块玻璃的边部;
(b)把焊料玻璃放在一块玻璃板的四周,即一块玻璃板伸出去的边部;
(c)加热玻璃板,使焊料玻璃融化后在两块玻璃间流动;
(d)冷却玻璃板,使焊料玻璃固化。
用这种方法,焊料玻璃在融化之前,不会进入两块玻璃之间,从而克服现有技术中出现的问题。
方便的做法是准备第一和第二块玻璃,一块比另一块稍微小一些。例如,上层玻璃可以在每个边部比下层玻璃小5mm;换句话说,在每个正交的方向上小10mm。
焊料玻璃可以放在伸出去的边部上,使得它连接两块玻璃间的空隙并和另一块玻璃的端部相接触。
这种方法的另一个优点是焊料玻璃在玻璃板的所有边缘处,流进两层玻璃间空隙的距离相同。这种边部密封从而有相对恒定的宽度,使得最终玻璃板有极好的外观和高的机械强度。一般两块玻璃间的连接区的宽度在3mm到10mm之间。
按照另一个方面,本发明提供了一个由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接,其中:
两块玻璃可以被选定尺寸,或选定形状,或者同时选定尺寸和形状,使得它们的边部不对齐,且在玻璃板周围的任一点,一块玻璃的边部超过另一块玻璃的边部。
一块玻璃最好比另一块玻璃稍微小些。例如,每个边部小5mm。
按照本发明的再一个方面,本发明提供了一种抽空绝热玻璃板的方法,绝热玻璃板由两层由一定空间分隔开的玻璃组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,两层玻璃通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接;该方法包括下述步骤:
(a)将抽空管定位于沿一块玻璃一边的中点或接近中点处;
(b)通过抽空管抽空玻璃板中的空间。
用这种方法,抽空两层玻璃间的空间所需的时间能大大地减少,可以比以前抽空管位于玻璃板角部的技术减少一半时间。
在另一方面,本发明提供了由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃围成了一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接,其中,玻璃板有一个位于沿玻璃板一边的中点或接近中点处的抽空管。这种玻璃板的优点是:由于抽空管的位置离开玻璃板的角部,接近一边的中点而不是在角部,因此其制造时间比以前的玻璃板要短。
按照本发明还有一个方面,本发明提供了一个由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃围成一个低成空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接;绝热玻璃板还包括一个抽空管,抽空管穿过一层玻璃,有一个粘接在玻璃内表面上的径向凸缘。
可以采用焊料玻璃将凸缘粘接在玻璃的内表面上。而且,抽空管可以从玻璃板的内部,穿过一层玻璃,延伸到那层玻璃外表面的凹坑内,使得管子不会延伸到玻璃外表面之外。
抽空管,最好是在内端,采用凸缘的形式,能使焊料玻璃粘牢。用这种方式,可能得到非常结实的接头,接头不会产生以前技术中的破裂问题。
在另一方面,本发明涉及到制造由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板的一种方法,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接,这种方法包括穿过一层玻璃,安装抽空管的步骤,此处,抽空管有一个密封在玻璃内表面的径向凸缘。
本发明的优异效果在于,现在得以有效防止支承柱的非弹性变形,玻璃靠近边部的弯曲变形以及玻璃板的外表面产生破裂。还在于能够提一种用于绝热玻璃板的边部密封,玻璃板能让焊料玻璃容易在玻璃板之间流动。此外,抽空玻璃板之间的空间所需时间大为降低。还有,焊料玻璃产破裂的问题完全消除了。
以下结合附图详细描述本发明。附图中:
图1是设计约束条件的图形表示。
图2a表示了制造过程中焊料玻璃融化前的玻璃板边部的细节;
图2b表示了焊料玻璃融化后的相同的细节。
图3a的曲线表示减少各种横向尺寸的玻璃板中的压力所需的时间常数作为两层玻璃间空隙的函数;
图3b的曲线表示减少不同尺寸、空隙很小(0.01mm)的真空玻璃板中的压力所需的时间常数作为抽空管在玻璃板一边上的位置的函数。
图4a是通过绝热玻璃板一边的剖面图,表示了已知的抽空管的布置;
图4b是通过绝热玻璃板一边的剖面图,表示了体现本发明的抽空管的布置;图4a和4b两张图中用相同的参考数字表示对应的组成元件。
图1表示了满足四个设计约束条件的支承柱间隔和半径的允许取值。
在所示的例子中,4MPa作为玻璃外表面张应力的合理水平。为了使支承柱上面玻璃外表面的应力小于4MPa,支承柱间隔和半径的取值应该位于水平直线1下方的区域中。
类似地,如果支承柱附近玻璃内表面不发生锥形的压头式破裂,那么,支承柱的间隔和半径的取值应位于直线2的右侧。
考虑通过每个支承柱的热流量,可以计算出支承柱列阵的热传导。如果把0.3Wm-2K-1看成是最大的允许值,那么,支承柱的间隔和半径的取值应该位于曲线3的上方和左方。这条曲线是用高度等于半径的玻璃支承柱计算出来的。金属支承柱的曲线比图1所示的曲线大约以1.3的系数高出。
第四,支承柱本身的机械压应力必须考虑在内。支承柱内的压力可以很简单地计算出来:对于间隔为λ的支承柱的方形列阵,列阵中每个支承柱的力是qλ2,其中q是大气压值。半径为a的圆柱形支承柱的横截面积是πa2。这样,由于大气压力产生的单个支承柱内的压应力是qλ2/πa2。为了使支承柱内的机械压应力小于规定值,支承柱的间隔和半径必须在相应的标有4,4′,4″和4的直线的右侧和下侧。
标有5的阴影区域指定了满足前三个限制条件以及支承柱内的压应力小于或等于2000MPa的设计范围。
应该知道,支承柱间隔和半径的允许的设计值可以根据所选的各种应力值和热流量、支承柱的形状以及用于制造支承柱的材料特殊要求而变化。一般情况下,并考虑高温生产规范,支承柱的合适的材料应该具有高于750MPa或更理想地高于1000MPa的机械压缩强度。这些材料包括经过硬化处理的钨、钽、钼和高强度合金钢。陶瓷材料也是可采用的,只要它们有足够高的强度,合适的陶瓷材料包括高强度矾土(氧化铝)、锆氧化物(二氧化锆)以及大部分成分是这些物质的陶瓷制品。
参看图2a和2b,下层玻璃10比放在大量支承柱12上的上层玻璃11大,支承柱在下层玻璃10上以预定的间隔放置。焊料玻璃13放在伸出端14上,通过伸出端14,下层玻璃10的边部超出上层玻璃11的边部。焊料玻璃可以以液体浆状、粉末状或棒状放置。焊料玻璃13将两层玻璃间的空隙15连在一起,它和上层玻璃10的端部16相接触。
当此结构被加热、焊料玻璃融化时,通过表面张力的作用,焊料玻璃在两层玻璃10和11之间流动。通过改变本过程的时间和温度,可以控制焊料玻璃流动的距离。用这种方法两层玻璃之间的焊料玻璃不必由上层玻璃的重量来排出。
我们应该知道,尽管该发明是参考特定的例子加以说明的,但是它不必限制于那种形式。例如,一块玻璃不必和另一块玻璃的尺寸稍微不同,两块玻璃可以是相同的尺寸,只要它们可被平移,使得两个正交方向上彼此不对齐即可。
图3a表示按一个系数e(大约为2.72)减少两层玻璃间的空间中内部压力所需的时间。这部时间被称为玻璃板中压力减少的“时间常数”,它之所以被采用,是因为压力减少和所需的时间是成指数关系的。一般当抽空管位于玻璃板的角部或接近角部时,将压力从大气压力减小到足够低的水平,需要大约15个时间常数。图3a的数据是以一个直径0.5mm,长4mm抽空管计算的,这个抽空管位于接近玻璃板的角部处,距相邻两边25mm。
发明者已经推出,对于小的空隙,决定压力减小的时间常数的关键因素是两层玻璃间的空间中气体流动的低传导性。玻璃板的面积可大致分为两个区域,这两个区域中,气体流动的空间形式在性质上不同。当抽空管位于接近玻璃板的角部时,靠近抽空管的流动是以2π弧度径向地指向抽空管的。离开抽空管一定距离处,两层玻璃间的空间中气体流动也是径向地指向角部,但只有大约π/2弧度。在中间的区域,存在混合的流动形式。
发明者发现,对于小空隙的玻璃窗的很多设计中,在远离抽空管的区域中以π/2弧度进行的气体流动是决定压力减小的时间常数的关键因素。发明者进一步发现,可以通过重新布置抽空管,使其离开角部,接近于一边的中点而实现降低抽空玻璃板所需的时间,且从审美的考虑看,抽空管的位置要靠近边部。
接近一边的中点且稍微离开抽空管的区域中,向着抽空管方向的气体流动大约是在π弧度范围中的。当抽空管接近一侧的中点处时,气流的传导性是抽空管接近角部情况时的大约两倍,压力减小的时间常数以相应的系数减小。
图3b表示了时间常数的值是抽空管沿玻璃一边所处位置的函数。所示的数据是相应于一个空隙很小,仅为0.01mm,且抽空管位于距一边25mm位置处的样品。正如上面分析中所期望的,时间常数以大约2的系数减少得以实现。
由于时间常数的减少,抽空玻璃板所需的时间可以减为大约一半。这个时间减少转化为较低的生产成本。
对于一个1m2的样品,内部空隙为0.2mm,通过一个直径1mm,长4mm的抽空管抽空,当抽空管的位置从位于接近玻璃板的角部处换到接近一边中点处,抽空玻璃管所需的时间,从8分钟减少到大约4分钟。
现在,参考图4a,绝热玻璃板1由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃2和3组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间4。玻璃2和3通过大量的支承柱(未画出)以及边部密封5相连接。抽空管6穿过玻璃2,从内部空间4延伸到玻璃2外表面上的深坑7的底部。通过焊料玻璃结合剂9,将管子6密封到玻璃2的内表面8上。
相对应地,图4b表示了玻璃板1′的部分,其中,抽空管6′的内端有一个径向凸缘10。通过凸缘10和内表面8之间的焊料玻璃9′,将管子6′密封到玻璃2的内表面8上。焊料玻璃在高温下融化,高温是在制作过程中产生的,流动到凸缘10和内表面8之间的空隙中,产生非常结实的接合。由于焊料玻璃9′被凸缘10和内表面8所限制,它不容易由于焊料玻璃和抽空管的玻璃间不同的热膨胀而产生裂缝。
尽管已经结合一个特定的形式描述了该发明,但是应该知道,可以采用别的方式来实施,比如凸缘10可以不必位于抽空管6′的末端。

Claims (17)

1.由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及一个阵列的支承柱相连接,其中支承柱由机械压缩强度高于预定值的材料制成,这个预定值是作为支承柱的数量、支承柱间的间隔、支承柱横截面尺寸的函数而确定的,这样以保证在施加于玻璃外表面的大气压力作用下,玻璃板中心区域中两块玻璃的间隙维持在一定程度,使得焊料玻璃密封处或接近密封处的玻璃的弯曲不会引起玻璃外表面的张应力断裂,所述预定值还应按所述两层玻璃板在大气压力作用下能防止非弹性变形而确定。
2.按照权利要求1的玻璃板,其特征在于,支承柱由机械压缩强度高于750MPa的材料制成。
3.按照权利要求1的玻璃板,其特征在于,支承柱由机械压缩强度高于1000MPa的材料制成。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3的玻璃板,其特征在于,支承柱由下述材料中的一种制成:经过硬化处理的钨、钽、钼,高强度合金钢,陶瓷材料,包括高强度矾土如氧化铝、锆氧化物如二氧化锆,以及大部分成分是这些物质的陶瓷材料。
5.由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,它们通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接,其中:
两块玻璃可以被选定尺寸或形状,或者既选定尺寸又选定形状,使得两块玻璃不对齐,且在玻璃板周围的任一点,一块玻璃的边部超过另一块玻璃的边部,为的是提供一个边缘的阶梯状的空腔,使形成边部密封的焊料玻璃在融化之前,可以放在这个空腔中。
6.按照权利要求5的玻璃板,其特征在于,一块玻璃比另一块玻璃稍微小些。
7.按照权利要求6的玻璃板,其特征在于,在玻璃窗周边的横向尺寸上,一块玻璃比另一块玻璃小2至20mm。
8.使绝热玻璃板形成边部密封的一种方法,绝热玻璃板由两层相距一定间隔玻璃组成两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及大量的支承柱相连接,这种方法包括下述步骤:
(a)准备两块玻璃,使得当两块玻璃放在一起时,它们的边部不对齐,且在玻璃板周围的任一点,一块玻璃的边部超过另一块玻璃的边部;
(b)把一条焊料玻璃放在一块玻璃板的周围,即放在另一块玻璃伸出的边部;
(c)加热玻璃板,使焊料玻璃融化,并在两块玻璃间流动;
(d)冷却玻璃板,使焊料玻璃固化。
9.按照权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,准备玻璃时使一块玻璃稍微比另一块玻璃小一些。
10.按照权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,一块玻璃迭超出另一块玻璃1mm到10mm,最好是每个边部超出5mm。
11.按照权利要求8~10中任何一项的方法,其中,焊料玻璃放在一块玻璃伸出的边上,使得它连接两层玻璃间的空隙,和另一块玻璃的端部相接触。
12.绝热玻璃板,它由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及一个阵列的支承柱相连接,玻璃板还包括一个抽空管,抽空管穿过一层玻璃,带有一个粘接在此层玻璃内表面的凸缘。
13.按照权利要求12的玻璃板,其特征在于,采用焊料玻璃,将凸缘粘接在玻璃的内表面。
14.按照权利要求12或13的玻璃板,其特征在于,抽空管从玻璃板的内部穿过一层玻璃延伸到那层玻璃外表面的凹坑中,使得抽空管不会伸到玻璃的外表面之外。
15.制造由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成的绝热玻璃板的一种方法,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及一个阵列的支承柱相连接,这种方法包括通过一层玻璃安装抽空管的步骤,此处,抽空管有一个密封在玻璃内表面上的凸缘。
16.抽空绝热玻璃板的一种方法,绝热玻璃板由两层相距一定间隔的玻璃组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及一个阵列的支承柱相连接,这种方法包括下述步骤:
(a)将抽空管定位于一块玻璃一边的中点或接近中点处;
(b)通过抽空管,抽去玻璃板中的空气。
17.绝热玻璃板,它由两层分离的玻璃组成,两层玻璃围成一个低压空间,通过边部密封以及一个阵列的支承柱相连接,其中,玻璃板还包括一个位于沿玻璃板一边的中点或接近中点处的抽空管。
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CA2165198C (en) 2004-08-03
EP0771386B1 (en) 2002-02-13
DE69434461T2 (de) 2006-04-20
SG48731A1 (en) 1998-05-18
DE69429875T2 (de) 2002-11-28
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EP0953718A2 (en) 1999-11-03
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EP0953719B1 (en) 2003-10-15
DE69433253T2 (de) 2004-08-12
EP0953719A2 (en) 1999-11-03
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AU673610B2 (en) 1996-11-14
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CN1126504A (zh) 1996-07-10
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