CN107836450A - 一种大地老虎性诱剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大地老虎性诱剂的制备方法及应用。所述其中大地老虎信息素组分为顺‑7‑十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺‑9‑十四碳烯乙酸酯和顺‑7‑十二碳烯‑1‑醇一种或几种，其中，所述大地老虎信息素的质量比为0.75‑2.5:0.5‑1.2:0.15‑0.5。本发明不仅用量少且对环境友好，还可准确应用于虫情测报、大量诱捕、干扰交配，显著提高综合治理大地老虎的效果，对大地老虎的综合治理具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于昆虫性信息素制备技术领域，具体涉及一种大地老虎性信息素及其用途。
背景技术
大地老虎Agrotis tokionis Butler，属于鳞翅目，夜蛾科，又名土蚕、切根虫，是我国各类农作物苗期的重要地下害虫之一。主要为害棉花、豆类、玉米、芝麻、辣椒、豆类等幼苗，且取食婆婆纳、牛繁缕等多种杂草和植物的枯黄叶片。初孵幼虫一般在第二天开始发生危害，形成许多透明的小窗，随着虫龄的加大，叶片被咬成缺刻状，甚至咬断幼茎。大地老虎每年在我国发生一代，经历越冬和越夏两个时期，越夏前随虫龄增大，食量大增，于每年四月达危害盛期。目前防治大地老虎的方法主要是农业防治和药剂防治。农业防治不污染环境、不破坏生态平衡，但存在的巨大问题是除害不净，见效慢。药剂防治见效快、效果好，但是由于使用药剂会给人类和环境带来了巨大的污染，加上药剂的过度使用很容易使大地老虎产生抗性，因此，寻找经济高效、与环境相容性好的植物保护新方法、新技术是解决当前环境污染、食品安全危机的迫切需求。昆虫信息素是昆虫各种腺体向外分泌的具有不同作用的种内激素,是用于进行同种个体与他种个体之间的信息交流的化学物质。与化学农药不同的是昆虫信息素具有一些突出的优点:生物活性高,专一性强；害虫不产生耐药性,对天敌无害；减少农药使用量与环境污染；减少农产品中农药残留量；使用简便,防治成本低。昆虫性信息素生物杀虫剂的使用对食品安全和环境保护有着重要的意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提出一种大地老虎性信息素及其用途，以提高综合治理大地老虎的效果。
基于上述目的，本发明提供的一种大地老虎性信息素，其特征在于，可行地，所述大地老虎信息素由顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)组成，其质量比:0.75～2.5:0.5～1.2:0.15～0.5。
优选地，所述大地老虎信息素由顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)组成，其质量比:0.75～1.5:0.5～0.8:0.15～0.3；
最佳地，所述大地老虎信息素由顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)组成，其质量比:1.2:0.65:0.2；
一种大地老虎性信息素诱芯的制备方法，将含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液滴加到诱芯上，待含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液挥发后将正己烷滴加到该诱芯上，待正己烷挥发后即制得含有大地老虎诱剂的诱芯，将制得的诱芯装入铝箔内密封，放入-20℃下冷藏。
上述的大地老虎诱剂组合物诱芯在诱捕大地老虎中的应用，使用时，将大地老虎性信息素的诱芯悬挂于发生或可能发生大地老虎区域，用于大地老虎的虫情监测、大量诱捕和干扰交配。所述的诱捕器为桶形诱捕器。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明提供的大地老虎性信息素制备简单，原料易得；生物活性高，专一性强；害虫不产生耐药性，对天敌无害；减少农药使用量与环境污染；减少农产品中农药残留量；使用简便，防治成本低。本发明可准确应用于虫情测报、干扰交配、大量诱捕，对于综合治理大地老虎具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1大地老虎性信息素的提取
利用顶空吸附法和性腺浸提法对不同日龄和进入暗期不同时间的大地老虎未交配雌虫进行性信息素的提取工作，以揭示大地老虎性信息素释放节律。
实施例2大地老虎性信息素诱芯的制备
将含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液滴加到诱芯上，待含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液挥发后将正己烷滴加到该诱芯上，待正己烷挥发后即制得含有大地老虎诱剂的诱芯，将诱芯置于桶形诱捕器中，然后将诱捕器放置于大地老虎发生较为严重的地块。为保证释放效果，每1mL的橡胶诱芯中置入50-1000μg大地老虎性信息素，诱捕器之间距离设置为5m、10m、15m，设置诱芯离地面高度150cm左右。为了进一步说明本实施例的可行性，表1中给出8个具体配方：
表1
选择大地老虎发生较为严重的地块，面积在10亩以上，随机选择6块试验田，试验田面积根据诱捕器之间距离确定，诱捕器之间距离设置为5m、10m、15m(重复两次)。每种配方设置诱芯离地面高度150cm左右，均匀随机放置上述含大地老虎信息素的桶型诱捕器，同时在每个试验田随机放置1个诱捕器空白桶型诱捕器和1个含三头羽化3天尚未交配的活雌性大地老虎的桶型诱捕器，随机放置1个灯光诱捕器。放置后每隔三天调查诱捕到的大地老虎数量，更换羽化的活雌性大地老虎，并随机更换诱捕位置，持续调查30天。
诱捕效果如表2所示：
表2
(注：1-1-1表示5m-重复1-配方1)
由结果可知，本发明的大地老虎性信息素对大地老虎有较好的诱捕效果。由显著性比较可知，含顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)处理的诱捕量与对照组的诱捕量相比差异显著(P＜0.05)，说明顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)对大地老虎信息素的诱捕活性具有很强的诱捕能力，其中配方2-1-8、2-2-8(顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)600μg、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)325μg、顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)100μg，诱捕器之间的间隔为10m)的诱捕量与大地老虎信息素对比差异最显著，说明其诱捕效果最好。
发明人分别采用一种或两种顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12∶Ac)、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z9-14∶Ac)和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z7-12∶OH)处理作为诱捕剂重复上述诱捕实验，均没有配方2-1-8、2-2-8诱捕效果好。由此可见，本发明提供的大地老虎性信息素可准确应用于大地老虎虫情测报、大量诱捕、干扰交配，对于综合治理大地老虎具有重要意义。
发明人分别采用顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯的结构类似物反-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯；顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯的结构类似物顺-9-十六碳烯乙酸酯；顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇的结构类似物顺-7-十二碳烯-3-醇处理作为诱捕剂重复上述诱捕实验，均没有任何诱捕效果。由此可见，本发明提供的大地老虎性信息素专一性非常强，其结构类似物不能代替其行使信息素的功能。
以上公开的仅为本发明的一个具体实施例，但是，本发明并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于防治大地老虎性信息素，其特征在于，所述的性信息素包括顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于防治大地老虎的性信息素，其特征在于，所述顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯和顺-7-十二碳烯-1-醇的质量比: 0.75-2.5 : 0.5-1.2: 0.15-0.5。
3.一种大地老虎性信息素诱芯的制备方法，将含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液滴加到诱芯上，待含有大地老虎信息素的二氯甲烷溶液挥发后将正己烷滴加到该诱芯上，待正己烷挥发后即制得含有大地老虎诱剂的诱芯，将制得的诱芯装入铝箔内密封，放入-20℃下冷藏。
4.权利要求1所述的性信息素在大地老虎生物防治方面的应用。
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| US4364931A (en) * | 1979-12-29 | 1982-12-21 | Egyt Gyogyszervegyeszeti Gyar | Composite insect attractant for male white-line dart moths and a process for preparing the active ingredients thereof |
| CN106070293A (zh) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 漳州市英格尔农业科技有限公司 | 小地老虎性信息素及其制备方法和诱芯 |
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