CN107758757A - For the preparation technology for the reaction grid for handling rainwash and phreatic water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation process of a reaction grid for treating surface runoff and shallow groundwater, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: Step 1, digging a filling pit, and filling the pit on the left and right sides of the ground Pouring concrete; step 2, laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the filling pit, and erecting a sampling well in the filling pit; step 3, filling the grid main body (2) and filling the front buffer zone (1) and the rear buffer zone (3) Stacking; step 4, testing, and then capping. The reaction grid prepared by the preparation process of the present invention has a firm structure and can realize the treatment of surface runoff and shallow groundwater. At the same time, a special water treatment agent is used to endow the grid with excellent water treatment performance and realize the effective removal of heavy metals in water .

Description

Fabrication process of reactive grids for surface runoff and shallow groundwater

technical field

The invention relates to the field of water treatment, in particular to the field of preparation of reaction grids for water treatment, in particular to a preparation process of reaction grids for surface runoff and shallow groundwater.

Background technique

Water resources are an indispensable part of human life and production processes. However, with the rapid development of the economy, various pollutants are discharged into the environment, causing serious pollution of water bodies, especially groundwater, which seriously affects people's daily life and production. . There are many methods to deal with water pollution, among which, the adsorption method has attracted much attention because of its low cost and no secondary pollution.

Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the treatment of underground sewage. Among them, the permeable reaction grid filled with adsorption media has good performance as a newly developed technology, and the economic savings are also significant, so it has received widespread attention and attention. Research.

However, in the prior art, there are few references to reactive grids for treating surface runoff and shallow groundwater.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have carried out intensive research and designed a new type of reaction grid. A part of the structure of the reaction grid is located on the ground for treating surface runoff, and a part of the structure is located underground for treating shallow groundwater. The reaction grid realizes the treatment of surface runoff and shallow groundwater. At the same time, the reaction grid adopts a new type of water treatment agent to realize efficient water treatment effect, thereby completing the present invention.

The invention provides a preparation process of a reaction grid for treating surface runoff and shallow groundwater, which is specifically embodied in:

(1) A preparation process for a reaction grid used to process surface runoff and shallow groundwater, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:

Step 1, excavate the filling pit, and pour concrete on the left and right sides of the ground of the filling pit;

Step 2. Lay a waterproof layer at the bottom of the filling pit, and set up a sampling well in the filling pit;

Step 3, filling the grid body 2 and stacking the front buffer 1 and the back buffer 3;

Step 4, conduct a test, and then cap;

(2) The preparation process according to the above (1), wherein,

In step 1, the filling pit is a cuboid pit; and/or

In step 1, the depth of the filling pit is 0.5-1.5m, preferably 0.8-1.2m, more preferably 1m; and/or

In step 2, a plurality of water intake points are sequentially arranged on each sampling well from bottom to top, preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4;

(3) According to the preparation process described in the above (1) or (2), step 3 includes the following sub-steps:

Step 3-1, stacking stones to form front buffer zone 1 and back buffer zone 3: pile stones on the ground at both ends of the filling pit to form front buffer zone 1 and back buffer zone 3 respectively;

Step 3-2: Fill the filling pit with filler to form the grid main body 2: Fill the filling pit with stones, water treatment agent and stones in sequence from front to back until the filling is above the ground and is compatible with the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 The highest points are flush, therefore, form the front-end fixed area 21, the water treatment area 22 and the rear-end fixed area 23 respectively from front to back;

(4) The preparation process according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein,

The front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are both triangular column structures, and their longitudinal sections are all triangular; and/or

The diameter of the stone is 3-20cm, preferably 5-15cm, more preferably 10cm;

(5) The preparation process according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein, the front buffer zone 1 includes a front bottom surface 11, and the rear buffer zone 3 includes a rear bottom surface 31, preferably,

The ratio of the longitudinal width of the front bottom surface 11 to the longitudinal width of the rear bottom surface 31 is (1.1-1.5):1, preferably (1.2-1.4):1, more preferably 1.3:1; and/or

The width of the front bottom surface 11 is 1-3m, preferably 1.5-2.5m, more preferably 2m;

(6) The preparation process according to any one of the above (3) to (5), wherein, in step 3-2,

The grid main body includes an above-ground part and an underground part, and the ratio of the height of the above-ground part to the depth of the underground part is (1-2):1, preferably (1.2-1.8):1, more preferably 1.5:1 ;and / or

The particle size of the stone is 0.5-3 cm, preferably 0.5-2.5 cm, more preferably 1-2 cm; and/or

The water treatment agent comprises zeolite, surfactant and water;

(7) The preparation process according to the above (6), wherein,

The particle size of the zeolite is 0.5-1.5 mm, preferably 1-1.5 mm; and/or

Described surfactant comprises quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and ionic liquid surfactant, preferably, described quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and described ionic liquid surfactant The agent is hexadecyltrimethylimidazolium chloride;

(8) The preparation process according to the above (6) or (7), wherein,

Based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of surfactant is 2 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 3.5 parts by weight; and/or

Based on 100wt% surfactant, the amount of ionic liquid surfactant is 2-20wt%, preferably 5-15wt%, more preferably 10wt%; and/or

Based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of water used is 0.03 to 0.08 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.07 parts by weight, more preferably 0.06 parts by weight;

(9) The preparation process according to any one of the above (3) to (8), wherein, in step 3-2, the sampler is buried when it is filled to a certain height, preferably, the sampler is arranged on the sampling well The sampling port connection;

(10) The preparation process according to any one of the above (1) to (9), wherein, in step 4, concrete is used for capping.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the radial (water flow direction) sectional view of the reaction grid that is made by preparation process of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the top view of the reaction grid made by the preparation process of the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows experimental example 1 to carry out the experimental device figure that dynamic adsorption is used;

Figure 4 shows the dynamic adsorption results measured with the water treatment agent prepared in Example 5 as the adsorption medium.

reference sign

1 - front buffer

11-Front Bottom

2-Grille body

21-Front fixed area

22-Water treatment area

23-Rear fixed area

24 - sampling well

3- Back buffer

31- Bottom surface of rear end

4-Heavy metal solution pool

5- Peristaltic pump

6- Catheter

7- glass column

Detailed ways

The following describes the present invention in detail, and the features and advantages of the present invention will become more clear and definite along with these descriptions.

The invention provides a preparation process of a reaction grid for treating surface runoff and shallow groundwater, the reaction grid includes a front buffer zone 1, a grid main body 2 and a rear buffer zone 3, and the grid main body 2 Including the above-ground part and the underground part according to the height, the grid main body 2 includes the front-end fixing area 21, the water treatment area 22 and the rear-end fixing area 23 sequentially according to the water flow direction, wherein the preparation process includes the following steps:

Step 1. Dig a filling pit and pour concrete on the left and right sides of the filling pit.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the filling pit is a cuboid pit, and its transverse section and longitudinal section are both rectangular.

Wherein, the filling pit is filled to a certain height above the ground to obtain the grid main body 2 .

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filling pit has a depth of 0.5-1.5m.

In a further preferred embodiment, the filling pit has a depth of 0.8-1.2m.

In a further preferred embodiment, the filling pit has a depth of 1 m.

In step 1, the purpose of pouring concrete on the left and right sides of the filling pit is to fix the entire reaction grid. Because the filler needs to be filled in the filling pit and needs to be filled above the ground, the filler will naturally not tilt in the filling pit due to the protection of the four walls of the pit. However, if the ground part is not supported, it is easy to tilt and tilt, so the left and right sides pass Concrete fixed. Wherein, the "left" and "right" refer to the left and right of the water flow direction.

Step 2. Lay a waterproof layer at the bottom of the filling pit, and set up a sampling well in the filling pit.

Wherein, the waterproof layer is used to prevent the water flowing through the reaction grid from being lost due to infiltration and collection. Because, in actual use, it is necessary to regularly sample and test the water in the reaction grid to determine the treatment effect.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling well is erected before the filling pit is filled.

Wherein, in the present invention, since fillers need to be filled in the filling pits, it is necessary to set the sampling wells before filling the fillers. Moreover, the sampling well is used to take water samples in the grid main body to detect the heavy metal content in the water.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 10-40 sampling wells are arranged in the filling pit.

In a further preferred embodiment, 2 to 10 racks are respectively erected in the front 1/6 area and the rear 1/6 area of the filling pit.

In a further preferred embodiment, 4 to 20 racks are erected in the middle 2/3 area of the filling pit.

Wherein, the sampling well is used to extract the water in the reaction grid for later detection. Specifically, the sampling well (1/6 at the front end) set in the fixed area at the front end is used to extract the heavy metal content in water that has not been treated in the water treatment area (that is, the heavy metal content in raw water), and is set in the fixed area at the rear end (at the front end). 1/6) The sampling wells in the water treatment area are used to extract the heavy metal content in the water treated by the water treatment area, and then compared, the water treatment effect of the reaction grid can be obtained. At the same time, the sampling wells set in the water treatment area are used for real-time monitoring of the water treatment process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water intake well includes an outer casing pipe and a plurality of water delivery pipes inside.

Wherein, the water delivery pipe is used for water delivery and water transmission, and the outer casing pipe is used for protecting the inner pipe.

In a further preferred embodiment, the outer casing pipe is a hard pipe, such as a PVC pipe, and the water delivery pipe is a hose.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell pipe of each sampling well is provided with a plurality of openings, which are water intakes, that is, a plurality of water intake points are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.

Wherein, one water intake corresponds to one water delivery pipe. Specifically, the water delivery pipe is located in the shell tube, extends to the water intake, and extends out of the shell tube.

In a further preferred embodiment, 2 to 5 water intake points are sequentially arranged on each sampling well from bottom to top.

In a further preferred embodiment, 3 to 4 water intake points are sequentially arranged on each sampling well from bottom to top.

Among them, on the one hand: the setting of water intake points is to further test the treatment effect of different depths and locations; on the other hand: when the precipitation is small, the runoff water level is low, and the water intake points above cannot store water samples. When the amount is large, the surface runoff may accumulate at the front end of the reaction grill. At this time, the water level at the front end will rise and water samples can be collected at a higher position. Therefore, the water volume obtained by combining the water intake points at different locations and heights can be used to determine the flow rate under different flow rates. Handling performance of permeable reactive gratings.

Among them, the water intake points are evenly distributed on each sampling well. At the same time, in theory, the more water intake points are set on each sampling well, the more complete the later analysis data and the more reliable the conclusion. However, based on cost and field implementation Due to the considerations, 2 to 5 water intake points are limited to be set on each sampling well.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a peristaltic pump is used when taking water.

In a further preferred embodiment, when water is taken, the peristaltic pump is connected to the upper end of the water delivery pipe to take water.

Wherein, the peristaltic pump is connected with the water delivery pipe in the sampling well, and is used for diverting water to the upper end of the water intake well for water intake.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water delivery pipe is buried in the water fetcher after the water intake extends out of the shell pipe.

In a further preferred embodiment, the water fetcher is a sealed funnel, and when the filling pit is filled, the protruding water delivery pipe is buried in the water fetcher with filler.

In a still further preferred embodiment, said funnel is of plastic material.

Wherein, the water fetcher plays the purpose of collecting water.

Step 3, stacking the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 and filling the filling pit to form the grid main body 2 .

In the present invention, the filler is filled in the filling pit and filled above the ground to form the grid main body 2; stones are stacked at the front and rear ends (on the ground) of the grid main body 2 to form the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone respectively 3.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3 includes the following sub-steps:

Step 3-1, stacking stones to form front buffer zone 1 and back buffer zone 3: pile stones on the ground at both ends of the filling pit to form front buffer zone 1 and back buffer zone 3 respectively;

Wherein, the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are all piled up by stones, and have three functions: one is to fix the grille main body 2 between them; the other is to buffer the water flow and prevent the water flow from being too large Break down the structure of the grid main body 2; the third is to filter mud and sand to prevent it from entering the grid main body 2 with the water flow and blocking the grid main body, thus affecting the water treatment performance of the grid main body, such as reducing water treatment efficiency and service life.

Step 3-2: Fill the filling pit with filler to form the grid main body 2: Fill the filling pit with stones, water treatment agent and stones in sequence from front to back until the filling is above the ground and is compatible with the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 The highest point of each is flush, and respectively form the front-end fixing area 21, the water treatment area 22 and the rear-end fixing area 23 sequentially from front to back.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-1, both the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are triangular columnar structures, and their longitudinal sections are both triangular.

Among them, one side of the adjacent grid main body (the ground filling part of the grid main body) forms a vertical right angle surface of a triangular column structure, the ground forms a horizontal right angle surface of a triangular column structure, and stones fall naturally from top to bottom to form a triangular column structure slope. Moreover, the stones used for stacking the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are stacked along the ground and the surface in contact with the main body of the grid (above the ground), forming a natural triangular columnar structure.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-1, the diameter of the stones stacked to form the front buffer zone and the rear buffer zone is 3-20 cm.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-1, the diameter of the stones used for stacking to form the front buffer zone and the rear buffer zone is 5-15 cm.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-1, the diameter of the stones stacked to form the front buffer zone and the rear buffer zone is 10 cm.

Among them, the particle size of the stones used for stacking the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 should not be too large. Small, if it is too small, it will not be able to properly buffer the water flow, because if the particle size is too small, it will not buffer the water flow but hinder it, which will seriously affect the water flow rate and may cause poor water flow.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front buffer zone 1 includes a front bottom surface 11 , and the rear buffer zone 3 includes a rear bottom surface 31 .

Wherein, the front bottom surface 11 refers to the side of the front buffer zone 1 in contact with the ground, and the rear bottom surface 31 refers to the side of the rear buffer zone 3 in contact with the ground.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front bottom surface 11 to the longitudinal width of the rear bottom surface 31 is (1.1˜1.5):1.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front bottom surface 11 to the longitudinal width of the rear bottom surface 31 is (1.2˜1.4):1.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front bottom surface 11 to the longitudinal width of the rear bottom surface 31 is 1.3:1.

Wherein, the longitudinal width of the front bottom surface 11 is designed to be greater than the longitudinal width of the rear bottom surface 31, so that the volume of the front buffer zone is greater than the volume of the rear buffer zone, that is, there are more stones at the water inlet than at the water outlet , because the front buffer 3 plays the main role of buffering water flow.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end bottom surface 11 has a width of 1-3m, preferably 1.5-2.5m, more preferably 2m.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-2, the filler is filled into the filling pit from below the ground to above the ground to form the grid main body 2 .

Therefore, in terms of height, the grid main body 2 includes an above-ground part and an underground part.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-2, the left and right ends of the part above the ground (above-ground part) abut against the poured concrete.

Wherein, the concrete poured at the left and right ends supports the left and right ends of the above-ground part of the grid main body 2 .

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-2, the front and rear ends of the part above the ground (above the ground) are respectively offset with the vertical rectangular surfaces of the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3, that is, the front buffer zone 1 supports the front end of the grid main body 2, and the rear buffer zone 3 supports the rear end of the grid main body 2.

Wherein, the poured concrete fixes the filling in the filling pit at the left and right ends, and the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 respectively fix the filling in the filling pit at the front and rear ends.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-2, fill the filling pit with filler, and fill it from underground to aboveground, so that the grid main body includes aboveground part and underground part according to height.

Among them, in the present invention, the main body of the grid is mainly used for water treatment, and the main body of the grid is penetrated from underground to the ground, so that the above-ground part realizes the treatment of surface runoff, and the underground part realizes the treatment of shallow groundwater.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the height of the above-ground part to the depth of the underground part is (1-2):1, preferably (1.2-1.8):1, more preferably 1.5:1.

Among them, the height of the above-ground part of the design grid body is slightly greater than the depth of the underground part, mainly because: when the precipitation is small, the surface runoff water level is low, and when the water volume is large, the surface water level will be slightly higher, therefore, the height of the above-ground part Slightly greater than the depth of the underground part.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-2, the filler includes stones and a water treatment agent.

In a further preferred embodiment, the filling pit is filled with stones, water treatment agent and stones sequentially from front to back until it is filled above the ground and is flush with the highest points of the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3. Therefore, According to the direction of water flow (from front to back) or different fillers, the reaction grid includes a front-end fixed area 21 , a water treatment area 22 and a rear-end fixed area 23 .

Wherein, the front fixing area 21 and the rear fixing area 23 are filled with stones, and the water treatment area 22 is filled with water treatment agent.

In a further preferred embodiment, there is no supporting frame between the front-end fixing area 21, the water treatment area 22 and the rear-end fixing area 23, because the setting of the supporting frame will more or less hinder the advancement of the water flow, therefore, In order to ensure that the front-end fixed area 21, the water treatment area 22 and the rear-end fixed area 23 will not collapse during the filling process, it is necessary to fill the three at the same time to ensure that the three are at the same height at any time until the grille main body 2 and the front-end buffer Region 1 and back buffer 3 are flush.

Wherein, in the present invention, the structure of the reaction grid is similar to that of a dam, wherein the front-end fixed area 21 and the front-end buffer zone 1 form the part in front of the dam, and the rear-end fixed area 23 and the rear-end buffer zone 3 form the rear part of the dam. The water treatment area 22 is the middle part of the dam.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-2, the particle size of the stones is 0.5-3 cm.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-2, the particle size of the stones is 0.5-2.5 cm.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-2, the particle size of the stones is 1-2 cm.

Wherein, the purpose of filling stones in the front end fixed area 21 and the rear end fixed area 23 is to further buffer the water flow, the particle size of the stones used here is smaller than the particle size of the stones in the front buffer zone and the back end buffer zone also in order to achieve this The purpose is to further buffer the water flow and filter the sediment.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal width of the front fixing area 21 is equal to the longitudinal width of the rear fixing area 23 .

Wherein, the front fixing area 21 and the rear fixing area 23 are used to fix the middle water treatment area.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front fixing area 21 or the rear fixing area 23 to the water treatment area 22 is 1: (1-10).

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front fixing area 21 or the rear fixing area 23 to the water treatment area 22 is 1: (2-8).

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal width of the front fixing area 21 or the rear fixing area 23 to the water treatment area 22 is 1:4.

Therefore, the width of the front-end fixing area 21 and the rear-end fixing area 23 can not be too narrow, the fixing effect is poor if it is too narrow, and it should not be too wide, too wide will cause unnecessary waste, therefore, as long as its width can ensure water The stability of the treatment area is sufficient.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal width of the water treatment area 22 is 1.5-2.5m, preferably 1.8-2.2m, more preferably 2m.

Wherein, if the water treatment area 22 is too wide, it will inevitably lead to difficulties in on-site implementation, and if it is too narrow, the water treatment effect will be poor.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, stones are filled at the front and rear ends of the filling pit to form a front fixing area 21 and a rear fixing area 23 respectively, and a water treatment agent is filled in the middle of the filling pit to form a water treatment area.

In a further preferred embodiment, the water treatment agent comprises zeolite, a surfactant and water.

In a further preferred embodiment, the surfactant is first mixed with water to obtain an aqueous surfactant solution, and then mixed with zeolite to obtain a water treatment agent.

Among them, since zeolite has ion exchange properties, the cationic end of the surface modifier is adsorbed to the surface of zeolite. When the surfactant concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surfactant molecules form a monolayer on the surface of the zeolite, the hydrophobic groups are adsorbed on the surface of the zeolite, and the hydrophilic groups face outward. At this time, zeolite does not have the performance of adsorbing heavy metal ions. When the surfactant concentration is greater than the first critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surfactant molecules aggregate on the surface of the zeolite to form a bimolecular layer, and the hydrophobic groups of the second layer of surfactant molecules face outward, providing the electrostatic interaction of heavy metal ions At this time, the modified zeolite has the ability to adsorb heavy metals; however, when the concentration continues to increase and the surface of the zeolite cannot support more surfactant molecules, the excess surfactant molecules themselves aggregate to form hydrophilic groups toward the surface of the zeolite. Inside, micelles with hydrophobic groups facing outside.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main component of the zeolite is clinoptilolite.

In a further preferred embodiment, the content of clinoptilolite in the zeolite is 60-70%.

In a further preferred embodiment, the content of clinoptilolite in the zeolite is 65%.

Among them, the main component of zeolite is clinoptilolite, followed by stilbite, and then orthoclase and quartz. And, clinoptilolite is a hydrous alkali metal aluminosilicate, it can have the function of molecular sieve after it is dehydrated, clinoptilolite can also be used as ion exchanger, just utilize this property in the present invention to process it into water treatment agent , for the removal of heavy metals in water.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the zeolite is 0.5-1.5 mm.

In a further preferred embodiment, the particle size of the zeolite is 1-1.5 mm.

Wherein, the heavy metal adsorption amount of the water treatment agent is related to the area of the bilayer structure on its surface. The smaller the particle size of the zeolite, the larger the surface area of the zeolite, the larger the area of the formed bilayer, and the more the amount of heavy metal ions that can be adsorbed. However, a particle size that is too small will cause a certain amount of economic consumption. Therefore, considering the adsorption performance and economic benefits, a zeolite with a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm, especially 1-1.5 mm, is selected.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactants include quaternary ammonium salt surfactants and ionic liquid surfactants.

In a further preferred embodiment, the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ionic liquid surfactant is cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride.

Among them, traditional quaternary ammonium salt surfactants are commonly used water treatment agent modifiers. They are cheap and widely used, but their surface saturated vapor pressure is high, which will pollute the environment. Ionic liquid surfactants are green modifiers with low surface saturated vapor pressure, but their cost is relatively high. Therefore, in the present invention, the above two kinds of surfactants are combined, and the heavy metal adsorption amount of the water treatment agent obtained after modifying the zeolite is greater than that of the independent cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or cetyl The comparative water treatment agent obtained after modifying zeolite with trimethylimidazolium chloride as a surfactant has low cost and is environmentally friendly.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of surfactant is 2-5 parts by weight.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of surfactant is 3-4 parts by weight.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of surfactant is 3.5 parts by weight.

Wherein, when the amount of surfactant is less than 2 parts by weight, it does not form a bimolecular layer structure on the surface of the zeolite, and the loading amount of surfactant is small, resulting in low adsorption capacity; when the amount of surfactant is 2 to 5 parts by weight Especially when the amount of surfactant is 3.5 parts by weight, the amount of surfactant can form a bilayer structure, which provides enough adsorption sites for heavy metals; but when the amount is greater than 5 parts by weight, excess surfactant molecules may be wrapped in the bilayer structure. The surface of the structure affects the adsorption performance of the bilayer structure, so that the adsorption capacity gradually decreases. Wherein, the amount of surfactant described here is the total amount of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on 100wt% of the surfactant, the amount of the ionic liquid surfactant is 2-20wt%.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100wt% of the surfactant, the amount of the ionic liquid surfactant is 5-15wt%.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100wt% of the surfactant, the amount of the ionic liquid surfactant is 10wt%.

Among the surfactants, it has been found through a large number of experiments that when the amount of the ionic liquid surfactant is 2-20wt% or 80-98%, the removal efficiency of the water treatment agent for heavy metals is the best. However, since the ionic liquid surfactant is more expensive, its dosage is selected to be 2-20 wt%, preferably 5-15 wt%, especially 10%, to reach the highest point of heavy metal removal.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of water used is 0.03-0.08 parts.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of water used is 0.05-0.07 parts.

In a further preferred embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of zeolite, the amount of water used is 0.06 parts.

Among them, the amount of liquid is very important. When the liquid is too small, the active agent cannot evenly adhere to the surface of the zeolite, thereby affecting the adsorption effect; when the liquid is too much, the aqueous solution of the surfactant is relatively thin, and the zeolite particles cannot fully interact with the surface active agent. If the surfactant molecules are in contact, the surfactant molecules cannot all adhere to the surface of the zeolite, but remain in the liquid. The zeolite cannot carry a large amount of liquid, so that the surfactant will be lost with the remaining liquid, resulting in waste and the modification effect is seriously affected. Therefore control water consumption is 0.03～0.08 part, wherein, based on the zeolite consumption of 100 parts by weight, another reason that the consumption of water here is less is that the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride that preferably adopts just in this province It is a liquid with a concentration of 50%, so it is not easy to add a large amount of water.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3-2, when filling to a certain water intake point, the water delivery pipe is buried in the sampler.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3-2, fillers are used for landfilling, for example, in the front-end fixing area 21 and the rear-end fixing area 23, stones are used for landfilling, and water treatment is used in the water processor 22. agent for landfill.

Step 4. Test and then cap.

In the present invention, capping needs to be carried out after filling is carried out, but the premise is that the water intake well can successfully draw water, otherwise if the water intake well cannot successfully draw water after capping, the cap needs to be removed again.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, concrete is used to cap the grid main body: on the one hand, the loose filling medium (stones and water treatment agent) on the top can be fixed to prevent the filling medium from being lost due to wind and water flow; On the other hand, the top can be hardened, making it easier for staff to go up and take water samples.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction grid is fixed with concrete on the left and right sides along the water flow direction.

In the present invention, the preparation process of the reaction grid needs to be carried out in combination with the actual use environment.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction grid is applied in a valley, especially in a V-shaped valley, in general, the surface runoff is carried out along the direction of the valley, so the reaction grid can be directly arranged in the In the valley, the hills on the left and right of the valley are directly used as the left and right ends of the reaction grid.

In a further preferred embodiment, concrete is poured at the left and right ends for further fixing. In this way, the left and right ends of the reaction grid are slope-shaped.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction grid is applied on a plain, the left and right sides of the reaction grid can be directly set vertically and directly fixed with concrete.

Therefore, the structure of the reaction grid in the present invention may be changed correspondingly according to the actual use terrain, but the overall idea is still in the scheme of the present invention, therefore, it is still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a reaction grid obtained according to the above preparation process, wherein, according to the direction of water flow, the grid includes a front buffer zone 1, a grid body 2 and a rear buffer zone 3 in order from front to back, Wherein, the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the grid main body 2, and the front buffer zone 1 and the rear buffer zone 3 are both made of stones.

According to the height position relationship, the grid main body 2 includes an above-ground part and an underground part; according to the water flow direction or different filling, the grid main body 2 includes a front fixing area 21 , a water treatment area 22 and a rear fixing area 23 .

Wherein, the shape of the reaction grid of the present invention is similar to a dam shape, wherein, the front buffer zone 1 and the front fixed zone 21 are the front part of the dam, the water treatment zone 22 is the middle part of the dam, and the rear buffer zone 3 and the rear end fixing area 23 are the rear part of the dam.

In the present invention, the transverse direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow, and the longitudinal direction refers to the direction in the same direction as the direction of water flow, that is, the direction of water flow; "front", "back", "left" and "Right" is defined according to the direction of water flow. For the reaction grid described in this application, define the water flow inlet as "front", define the water flow outlet as "rear", and then correspondingly, the left side of the water flow direction is "left", and the water flow direction is "left". The right side is "right"; in Figure 1 and Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, the arrow indicates the direction of water flow.

The beneficial effects that the present invention has:

(1) The preparation process of the present invention is simple and easy to realize;

(2) The reaction grid obtained by the preparation process of the present invention includes an aboveground part and an underground part, which can realize the treatment of surface runoff and shallow groundwater;

(3) Sampling wells are arranged in the reaction grid obtained by the preparation process of the present invention, which can realize the monitoring of the water treatment process;

(4) The reaction grid obtained by the preparation process of the present invention is shaped like a dam, and the front part and the rear part of the dam ensure the firmness of the grid, and will not be easily destroyed even when the water flow is large;

(5) The preparation process of the present invention uses a special water treatment agent to fill, endows the grid with excellent water treatment performance, can absorb heavy metals in water, and realizes the effective removal of heavy metals in water;

(6) The water treatment agent used has simple raw materials and low cost.

Example

The present invention is further described below by specific examples. However, these embodiments are merely exemplary and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of the present invention.

The raw materials used in the embodiment and their sources are as follows:

The natural zeolite used is selected from Weichang County, Chengde, Hebei;

The cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is purchased from Tianjin Xingguang Auxiliary Factory, and is a liquid with a purity of 50%;

The cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride was purchased from Shanghai Chengjie Chemicals Co., Ltd. as a white powder.

The preparation of embodiment 1 water treatment agent

Crushing and sieving the natural zeolite to obtain 10 g of the zeolite;

Get 0.004g cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride and mix with 0.196g cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, then add 0.003mL water, stir to obtain surfactant aqueous solution;

The obtained surfactant aqueous solution was mixed with 10 g of zeolite, and stirred for 2 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly water treatment agent.

The preparation of embodiment 2 water treatment agent

Crushing and sieving the natural zeolite to obtain 10 g of the zeolite;

Get 0.015g cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride and mix with 0.285g cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, then add 0.005mL water, stir to obtain surfactant aqueous solution;

The obtained surfactant aqueous solution was mixed with 10 g of zeolite, and stirred for 2.5 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly water treatment agent.

The preparation of embodiment 3 water treatment agent

Crushing and sieving the natural zeolite to obtain 10 g of the zeolite;

Get 0.035g cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride and mix with 0.315g cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, then add 0.006mL water, stir to obtain surfactant aqueous solution;

The obtained surfactant aqueous solution was mixed with 10 g of zeolite, and stirred for 3 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly water treatment agent.

The preparation of embodiment 4 water treatment agent

Crushing and sieving the natural zeolite to obtain 10 g of the zeolite;

Get 0.06g cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride and mix with 0.34g cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, then add 0.007mL water, stir to obtain surfactant aqueous solution;

The obtained surfactant aqueous solution was mixed with 10 g of zeolite, and stirred for 3.5 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly water treatment agent.

The preparation of embodiment 5 water treatment agent

Crushing and sieving the natural zeolite to obtain 10 g of the zeolite;

Get 0.1g cetyltrimethylimidazolium chloride and mix with 0.4g cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, then add 0.008mL water, stir to obtain surfactant aqueous solution;

The obtained surfactant aqueous solution was mixed with 10 g of zeolite, and stirred for 4 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly water treatment agent.

Example 6

A mine pit in Yangzong Town on the west side of Yangzonghai was selected for construction. The place used to be a phosphogypsum processing factory, and the surface soil was seriously polluted. Flow into Yang Zonghai under the premise. This embodiment is carried out in a "V"-shaped area, so we can fix the reaction grid with the help of the mountains on the left and right sides.

Step 1. Excavate the filling pit to make it 0.5m deep underground, and pour concrete on the left and right sides of the filling pit to obtain a rectangular pit, in which the concrete is adjacent to the mountain.

Step 2. Lay water-proof cloth and set up 16 sampling wells, among which: 4 wells are erected in the front 1/6 area of the filling pit (perpendicular to the water flow direction), and 3 sampling ports are opened in each well; In the /3 area (perpendicular to the direction of water flow), 4 racks are erected, and each rack is provided with 3 sampling ports; 8 racks are evenly erected in the middle area, and each rack is provided with 4 sampling ports. Wherein, the sampling well adopts PVC as the outer pipe to protect the hose used for water transmission inside.

Step 3:

Step 3-1. Use "dog head stones" at the front and rear ends of the ground where the pit is filled to stack the front buffer zone and the rear buffer zone. The front buffer zone is 2m wide and 1.5m high, and the rear buffer zone is 1.5m wide. , 1.5m high.

Step 3-2: Add centimeter stone, water treatment agent and centimeter stone prepared in Example 5 to the filling pit from front to back at the same time to form front-end fixed area, water treatment area and rear-end fixed area respectively. The filling starts from the ground and has been filled to 1.5m above the ground, which is flush with the front buffer zone and the rear buffer zone. The direction of water flow covers an area of 2m wide. And, when filling, the water fetcher is buried when filling to the water intake of the water intake well.

Step 4. Test whether water samples can be taken from the water intakes of the water intake wells. After confirmation, use concrete for capping to obtain the reaction grid.

Experimental example

The simulated dynamic adsorption of the water treatment agent used in Experimental Example 1 to chromium ions

In this experimental example, the dynamic adsorption experiment adopts the experimental device as shown in Figure 3 (the arrow indicates the direction of water flow), and the heavy metal solution to be adsorbed (the simulated polluted liquid whose original concentration is 1mol/L) is placed in the heavy metal solution pool 4, and the The heavy metal solution uses a peristaltic pump 5 to pass through the glass column 7 loaded with adsorption medium from bottom to top through the conduit 6. During the process of the sewage flowing in the glass column 7 from the gaps in the adsorption medium particles, it reacts with the surfactant on the surface of the particles and is fixed. Down, play the role of adsorption and purification of water. The liquid flowing out from the top of the glass column 7 is collected to test the concentration of pollutants, so as to calculate the adsorption performance of the adsorbent and the sewage treatment capacity of the device. Wherein, in this experimental device, the diameter of the glass column 7 is 5 cm, and the height is 15 cm; the conduit is a peristaltic pump hose with an inner diameter of 2 mm, an outer diameter of 4 mm, and a length of 60 cm.

The solution flowing out from the top of the glass column is led out through the catheter, and the catheter is connected to the robot arm with the sampling program for automatic sampling. Samples are taken every 20 minutes, and a sampling is carried out for 10 minutes. At different flow rates, about 5-15mL samples can be taken. , filter the spectrophotometer to be measured, calculate the concentration and adsorption amount, and draw the adsorption curve. When the concentration of chromium ions in the solution flowing out from above the glass column is close to the concentration of the original solution and the concentration is stable, the adsorption process is close to saturation. After the adsorption process is completed, the catheter is moved from the original solution to distilled water for direct desorption experiments. The experimental method of the desorption process with the adsorption process.

The life is measured in units of pore volume (PV), which represents the pore volume between the particles of the filled medium in the glass column. The ratio of the effluent liquid to PV can represent the multiple of the pore volume flowing through the glass column, that is, the water treated by the glass column The volume is an important criterion to measure the life of the glass column.

When the concentration ratio (C _t /C ₀ ) is 0.5, if the corresponding PV value is greater than 20, the performance is excellent, wherein, C ₀ represents the original concentration of chromium in the heavy metal solution, and C _t represents after treatment (as shown in Figure 4 The concentration of chromium in the solution flowing out from the end of the device).

Among them, the pore volume (PV) of the glass column can be calculated by the following formula (1):

In formula (1), m ₁ represents the weight of the glass column, m ₂ represents the weight of the glass column completely filled with deionized water, and ρ is the concentration of the adsorbed liquid.

Experimental example 1-1 Effect of addition of surfactant on adsorption performance

In this experimental example, the adsorption media used in the glass column were the water treatment agents prepared in Example 5 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. Wherein, Example 5 uses quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and ionic liquid surfactant as co-surfactant, the result is shown in Figure 4; Comparative Example 1 does not add surfactant.

Among them, pure zeolite has a certain adsorption performance, but the adsorption capacity is very small, and the adsorption of the glass column reaches saturation soon after about 4 hours, and the life span is only 1.2 PV.

In Figure 4, the lifetime is about 53 PVs, far greater than 20 PVs, indicating that its performance is excellent. Wherein, the latter part of Fig. 4 is desorption.

Therefore, it shows that the addition of the surfactant obviously improves the adsorption performance of the zeolite, and at the same time it shows that the water treatment agent (filling medium in the water treatment zone) provided by the present invention has a strong heavy metal adsorption performance.

Experimental example 1-2 The effect of the addition amount of ionic liquid surfactant on the adsorption performance

In this experimental example, the adsorption media used in the glass column were the water treatment agents prepared in Example 5 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. Wherein, in Example 5, the ionic liquid surfactant consumption is 20% (accounting for the total surfactant consumption), and in Comparative Example 2, the ionic liquid surfactant consumption is 40% (accounting for the total surfactant consumption).

Wherein, the treatment effect of the water treatment agent described in Example 5 has been described in detail in Experimental Example 1-1. Compared with Example 5, the treatment time and life of the water treatment agent described in Comparative Example 2 are weaker than The water treatment agent that embodiment 5 obtains.

Therefore, it shows that the dosage of the ionic liquid surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylimidazolium chloride) should not be too much, too much will affect the adsorption performance and adsorption life of the water treatment agent.

Among them, it should be noted that this test example only uses 100g of water treatment agent, but in actual use, about 30t of water treatment agent needs to be added into the reaction grid, so the water treatment effect will be better.

The actual water treatment situation of embodiment 2 reaction grid

The reaction grid prepared in Example 6 was tested for water treatment, and the water samples in the front-end fixed area and the rear-end fixed area were defined as before and after treatment, wherein the water quality before treatment was 300ug/L, and the water quality after treatment was 50ug /L, reaching the national second-class water quality standard. Among them, water quality refers to the content of heavy metal elements in water. It shows that the content of heavy metals in the water passing through the reaction grid is obviously reduced by more than 80%.

The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with specific implementations and exemplary examples, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art understand that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various equivalent replacements, modifications or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and implementations of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A kind of 1. preparation technology for being used to handle the reaction grid of rainwash and phreatic water, it is characterised in that the system Standby technique comprises the following steps：

   Step 1, filling hole is excavated, and in the left and right sides casting concrete of the ground in filling hole；

   Step 2, filling hole bottom laying waterproof layer, and filling cheat in set up sampled well；

   Step 3, the filling for carrying out grill body (2) and front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) are piled up；

   Step 4, tested, then bound.
2. 2. preparation technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that

   In step 1, the filling hole is cuboid pit；And/or

   In step 1, the depth in the filling hole is 0.5~1.5m, preferably 0.8~1.2m, more preferably 1m；And/or

   In step 2, multiple dry points are disposed with from bottom to top on each sampled well, are preferably provided with 2~5, it is more excellent Choosing sets 3~4.
3. 3. preparation technology according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step 3 includes following sub-step：

   Step 3-1, heap masonry block forms front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3)：On the ground of filling hole rear and front end Heap masonry block, front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) are formed respectively；

   Step 3-2, fill filler into filling hole and form grill body (2)：Filled simultaneously successively from front to back into filling hole Stone, water treatment agent and stone, until filling to it is more than ground and with the highest of front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) Point is concordant, therefore, forms composition front end fixed area (21), water treatment zone (22) and rear end fixed area (23) respectively from front to back.
4. 4. the preparation technology according to one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that

   The front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) are triangle column construction, and its longitudinal cross-section is triangular in shape；With/ Or

   A diameter of 3~20cm of the stone, more preferably preferably 5~15cm, 10cm.
5. 5. the preparation technology according to one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the front end buffering area (1) includes front end Bottom surface (11), the rear end buffering area (3) include rear end bottom surface (31), it is preferable that

   The the ratio between longitudinally wide of the longitudinally wide and rear end bottom surface (31) of the front end bottom surface (11) is (1.1~1.5)：1, preferably For (1.2~1.4)：1, more preferably 1.3：1；And/or

   The width of the front end bottom surface (11) is 1~3m, preferably 1.5~2.5m, more preferably 2m.
6. 6. the preparation technology according to one of claim 3 to 5, it is characterised in that in step 3-2,

   The grill body includes aerial part and under ground portion, the ratio between the height of the aerial part and the depth of under ground portion For (1~2)：1, be preferably (1.2~1.8)：1, more preferably 1.5:1；And/or

   The particle diameter of the stone is 0.5~3cm, preferably 0.5~2.5cm, more preferably 1~2cm；And/or

   The water treatment agent includes zeolite, surfactant and water.
7. 7. preparation technology according to claim 6, it is characterised in that

   The particle diameter of the zeolite is 0.5~1.5mm, preferably 1~1.5mm；And/or

   The surfactant includes quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent and ionic liquid surfactant, it is preferable that the quaternary ammonium Type surfactant is hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and the ionic liquid surfactant is cetyl trimethyl miaow Azoles chloride.
8. 8. the preparation technology according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that

   Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 2~5 parts by weight, preferably 3~4 parts by weight, more preferably For 3.5 parts by weight；And/or

   Surfactant based on 100wt%, the dosage of ionic liquid surfactant are 2~20wt%, preferably 5~ 15wt%, more preferably 10wt%；And/or

   Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.03~0.08 parts by weight, preferably 0.05~0.07 parts by weight, more Preferably 0.06 parts by weight.
9. 9. the preparation technology according to one of claim 3 to 8, it is characterised in that certain being filled into step 3-2 Sampler is buried during height, it is preferable that the sampler is connected with the sample tap set on sampled well.
10. 10. the preparation technology according to one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that in step 4, using coagulation grave Top.