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CN107740832A - 预压式应急空气弹簧组件 - Google Patents

预压式应急空气弹簧组件 Download PDF

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CN107740832A
CN107740832A CN201711020033.2A CN201711020033A CN107740832A CN 107740832 A CN107740832 A CN 107740832A CN 201711020033 A CN201711020033 A CN 201711020033A CN 107740832 A CN107740832 A CN 107740832A
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horizontal
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spring assembly
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CN107740832B (zh
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农多敏
叶特
陈灿辉
程海涛
周军
陈强
段国奇
陈清化
龙垚坤
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to RU2019105254A priority patent/RU2745463C1/ru
Priority to EP18870735.0A priority patent/EP3534033B1/en
Priority to US16/337,413 priority patent/US11073189B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/098203 priority patent/WO2019080573A1/zh
Priority to ES18870735T priority patent/ES2912255T3/es
Priority to FR1859779A priority patent/FR3073023B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0454—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement, e.g. mounting of the membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/3732—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having an annular or the like shape, e.g. grommet-type resilient mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/002—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/0232—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F16F15/085—Use of both rubber and metal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，上端板的外周通过气囊与下端板的外周连接，上端板顶部设有横向预压腔和设于横向预压腔的横向开口处的横向预压板，横向预压腔内通过横向预压板压设有叠簧弹性体，上盖板和上端板之间沿叠簧弹性体的周向方向压设有多个钢簧，上盖板套于横向预压腔外围。该空气弹簧组件具有结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度低、垂向变形大、舒适性和稳定性高、能防止蠕变、可实现软止档的优点。

Description

预压式应急空气弹簧组件
技术领域
本发明主要涉及缓冲减震技术，尤其涉及一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件。
背景技术
空气弹簧组件应用广泛，如铁路车厢、重载车辆以及其它缓冲或减震较为重要的应用场合。通常，这种弹簧组件包括位于一对刚性端板之间的弹性体。弹性体由橡胶制成，并被作用于弹簧组件的载荷压缩。现有技术中，橡胶应急簧因为橡胶的特性在使用寿命期间会发生蠕变，同时由于橡胶的非线性在载荷增大时垂向刚度会增大。在某些高速列车的项目上，要求应急簧具有垂向刚度变化小，动态位移大，寿命期间不允许加垫的要求。因此现有的橡胶应急簧无法满足此种要求。
空气弹簧在泄气时，一般在垂向会发生硬止档，同时在盖板和磨耗板之间出现横向滑动摩擦，无法满足一些高速车项目在泄气状态下横向方向的刚度要求和软止档要求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度低、垂向变形大、舒适性和稳定性高、能防止蠕变、可实现软止档的预压式应急空气弹簧组件。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，所述上端板的外周通过所述气囊与下端板的外周连接，所述上端板顶部设有横向预压腔和设于横向预压腔的横向开口处的横向预压板，所述横向预压腔内通过横向预压板压设有叠簧弹性体，所述上盖板和上端板之间沿叠簧弹性体的周向方向压设有多个钢簧，所述上盖板套于横向预压腔外围。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
所述横向预压板外部设有第一磨耗板，所述上盖板套于横向预压腔外围并与第一磨耗板接触。
所述上盖板底部沿周向方向设有多个限位套，所述上端板顶部沿周向方向设有多个限位柱，各限位柱与相应的限位套相互套接，各钢簧套于相应位置的限位套和限位柱外围。
所述限位柱顶部设有用于防止限位套脱出的防脱台，所述防脱台通过螺栓与限位柱紧固连接。
所述上端板顶部于钢簧外周设有限位台。
所述上端板底部设有橡胶弹性体，所述下端板顶部设有在泄气状态时和上端板底部橡胶弹性体接触的第二磨耗板。
橡胶弹性体上硫化有在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用的横向止挡弹性体。
所述下端板顶部于第二磨耗板两侧设有横向止挡台，所述橡胶弹性体两侧设有与横向止挡台配合的横向止挡槽。
所述上端板的外周面底部设有扣环，所述气囊一端与扣环扣接，另一端与下端板自密封连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，上端板的外周通过气囊与下端板的外周连接，上端板顶部设有横向预压腔和设于横向预压腔的横向开口处的横向预压板，横向预压腔内通过横向预压板压设有叠簧弹性体，上盖板和上端板之间沿叠簧弹性体的周向方向压设有多个钢簧，上盖板套于横向预压腔外围。该结构中，通过在叠簧弹性体外侧周向方向设置多个钢簧形成并联结构，其结构简单，安装方便，而且，上盖板套于横向预压腔外围能上下移动，使得垂向刚度全部由钢簧提供，阻尼力由叠簧弹性体提供，阻尼力大小可通过调节横向预压板的位移，即叠簧弹性体的预压缩量实现，能防止系统蠕变，阻尼可调节，并减少非线性、提高了动态位移能力；钢簧初始及形成预压力，通过这种带预压力的并联结构能大大降低辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了列车的在重载下的舒适性；可为系统提供泄气状态下的横向刚度要求，起到横向软止档的作用，同时实现垂向刚性接触，起到垂向硬止档的作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中各标号表示：
1、上盖板；11、限位套；2、气囊；3、上端板；31、横向预压腔；32、横向预压板；321、第一磨耗板；33、限位柱；331、防脱台；34、限位台；35、橡胶弹性体；351、横向止挡弹性体；352、横向止挡槽；36、扣环；4、下端板；41、第二磨耗板；42、横向止挡台；5、叠簧弹性体；6、钢簧。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明预压式应急空气弹簧组件的一种实施例，包括上盖板1、气囊2、上端板3和下端板4，上端板3的外周通过气囊2与下端板4的外周连接，上端板3顶部设有横向预压腔31和设于横向预压腔31的横向开口处的横向预压板32，横向预压腔31内通过横向预压板32压设有叠簧弹性体5，上盖板1和上端板3之间沿叠簧弹性体5的周向方向压设有多个钢簧6，上盖板1套于横向预压腔31外围。该结构中，通过在叠簧弹性体5外侧周向方向设置多个钢簧6形成并联结构，其结构简单，安装方便，而且，上盖板1套于横向预压腔31外围能上下移动，使得垂向刚度全部由钢簧6提供，阻尼力由叠簧弹性体5提供，阻尼力大小可通过调节横向预压板32的位移，即叠簧弹性体5的预压缩量实现，能防止叠簧弹性体5蠕变，阻尼可调节，并减少非线性、提高了动态位移能力；钢簧6初始即形成预压力，通过这种带预压力的并联结构能大大降低辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了列车在重载下的舒适性；可为系统提供泄气状态下的横向刚度要求，起到横向软止档的作用。
本实施例中，横向预压板32外部设有第一磨耗板321，上盖板1套于横向预压腔31外围并与第一磨耗板321接触。该结构中，叠簧弹性体5有预压力，第一磨耗板321与上盖板1可相对滑动，滑动摩擦力既为应急簧的阻尼力，安装前调整叠簧弹性体5的预压缩量就能够调整阻尼力大小，以有效衰减系统的振动。同时层状簧的第一磨耗板321可提高摩擦寿命，减小噪声。
本实施例中，上盖板1底部沿周向方向设有多个限位套11，上端板3顶部沿周向方向设有多个限位柱33，各限位柱33与相应的限位套11相互套接，各钢簧6套于相应位置的限位套11和限位柱33外围。该限位套11和限位柱33的配合使用，一方面能保证上盖板1的上下位移，另一方面能对横向位移进行约束限位，防止横向失稳。
本实施例中，限位柱33顶部设有用于防止限位套11脱出的防脱台331，防脱台331通过螺栓与限位柱33紧固连接。该防脱台331用于防止限位套11上升时从限位柱33顶部脱出，提高了整体结构的可靠性。
本实施例中，上端板3顶部于钢簧6外周设有限位台34。该限位台34在钢簧6外周对其进行横向约束限位，防止横向失稳。
本实施例中，上端板3底部设有橡胶弹性体35，下端板4顶部设有在泄气状态时和橡胶弹性体35接触的第二磨耗板41。泄气状态时，橡胶弹性体35和第二磨耗板41硬接触，限制上端板3和下端板4的垂向位移。横向止挡弹性体351在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用
本实施例中，下端板4顶部于第二磨耗板41两侧设有横向止挡台42，橡胶弹性体35两侧设有与横向止挡台42配合的横向止挡槽352。泄气状态下，列车滑动位移一段距离后，下端板4的横向止挡台42与橡胶弹性体35的横向止挡槽352接触，此时橡胶弹性体35为系统提供横向刚度和软止档，可以将列车在过小曲线时拉回，保证了列车泄气状态下的安全性。
本实施例中，上端板3的外周面底部设有扣环36，气囊2一端与扣环36扣接，另一端与下端板4自密封连接。该结构中，气囊2小子口与下端板4采用自密封连接，防止漏气。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板（1）、气囊（2）、上端板（3）和下端板（4），其特征在于：所述上端板（3）的外周通过所述气囊（2）与下端板（4）的外周连接，所述上端板（3）顶部设有横向预压腔（31）和设于横向预压腔（31）的横向开口处的横向预压板（32），所述横向预压腔（31）内通过横向预压板（32）压设有叠簧弹性体（5），所述上盖板（1）和上端板（3）之间沿叠簧弹性体（5）的周向方向压设有多个钢簧（6），所述上盖板（1）套于横向预压腔（31）外围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述横向预压板（32）外部设有第一磨耗板（321），所述上盖板（1）套于横向预压腔（31）外围并与第一磨耗板（321）接触。
3.根据权利要求2所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上盖板（1）底部沿周向方向设有多个限位套（11），所述上端板（3）顶部沿周向方向设有多个限位柱（33），各限位柱（33）与相应的限位套（11）相互套接，套接方式可采用间隙配合，也可采用摩擦套联接方式以减少滑动摩擦力，各钢簧（6）套于相应位置的限位套（11）和限位柱（33）外围。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述限位柱（33）顶部设有用于防止限位套（11）脱出的防脱台（331），所述防脱台（331）通过螺栓与限位柱（33）紧固连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板（3）顶部于钢簧（6）外周设有限位台（34）。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板（3）底部设有橡胶弹性体（35），所述下端板（4）顶部设有在泄气状态时和橡胶弹性体（35）接触的第二磨耗板（41）。
7.根据权利要求6所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：橡胶弹性体（35）上装设有在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用的横向止挡弹性体（351）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述下端板（4）顶部于第二磨耗板（41）两侧设有横向止挡台（42），所述橡胶弹性体（35）两侧设有与横向止挡台（42）配合的横向止挡槽（352）。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板（3）的外周面底部设有扣环（36），所述气囊（2）一端与扣环（36）扣接，另一端与下端板（4）自密封连接。
10.根据权利要求8所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板（3）的外周面底部设有扣环（36），所述气囊（2）一端与扣环（36）扣接，另一端与下端板（4）自密封连接。
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