CN107711889A - 包含生物防治剂和杀虫剂的组合物 - Google Patents
包含生物防治剂和杀虫剂的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711889A CN107711889A CN201711157378.2A CN201711157378A CN107711889A CN 107711889 A CN107711889 A CN 107711889A CN 201711157378 A CN201711157378 A CN 201711157378A CN 107711889 A CN107711889 A CN 107711889A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包括至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B‑21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B‑21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B‑30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B‑21662)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B‑21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B‑21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B‑21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B‑21619)、白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3‑5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B‑21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(NRRL序列号B‑30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B‑50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B‑50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,用量为协同有效量。此外,本发明涉及此组合物的用途,以及减少对植物和植物部位总体损害的方法。
Description
本申请是2013年5月29日提交的名称为“包含生物防治剂和杀虫剂的组合物”的申请号为201380040349.1的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包括至少一种生物防治剂,所述生物防治剂选自特定微生物和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种特定杀虫剂,用量为协同有效量。此外,本发明涉及该组合物的用途以及减少对植物和植物部位总体损害的方法。
合成的杀虫剂或杀菌剂通常为非特异性的,因此会作用于除目标有机体外的其他生物,包括其它自然产生的有益生物。由于合成杀虫剂或杀菌剂的化学特性,其还可能是有毒的且不可生物降解。全世界的消费者正越来越关注与化学制品残留相关的潜在的环境和健康问题,特别是在食品方面。这导致来自消费者的减少使用或至少减少化学(即,合成的)农药用量的压力逐渐增大。因此,需要在管理食物链需求的同时仍有效防治有害物。
使用合成杀虫剂或杀菌剂所带来的另一个问题是,重复和专一使用某种杀虫剂或杀菌剂往往导致抗性微生物的选择。通常,该菌株还会对其它具有相同作用方式的活性成分产生交叉抗性。用所述活性化合物有效防治病原体就不再可能。然而,具有新的作用机制的活性成分的开发即困难又昂贵。
病原体种群的抗性发展的风险以及对环境和人类健康的关注培养了在识别用于防治植物疾病的合成的杀虫剂和杀菌剂的替代物方面的兴趣。生物防治剂(BCA)的使用是一种替代物。然而,大多数生物防治剂的有效性尚未达到传统杀虫剂和杀菌剂的相同水平,特别是在严重感染压力的情况下。因此,已知的生物防治剂,其突变体和产生的代谢产物,特别是在应用率低的情况下,并不能完全令人满意。
因此,一直需要研发新的、替代的植物保护试剂,其在某些领域至少有助于满足上述需求。
WO 2009/037242 A2涉及一种杀菌组合物,其包括两种特定的杀菌的细菌菌株——枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)——之一,以及一种用于防治植物病原性有害菌的合成杀菌剂。但是,对昆虫的防治则完全没有涉及。
WO 2010/108973 A2描述了一种防治有害菌的方法,其包括使用至少一种杀菌的生物防治剂和至少一种合成杀菌剂,对植物进行不同的依次处理。因此,在该专利申请中并未说明对昆虫的控制。
鉴于此,特别地,本发明的一个目标是,提供表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的活性的组合物。并且,本发明另一特定目标是,减少生物防治剂和杀虫剂的施用率并扩大其活性谱,从而提供一种组合物,其优选地在使用的活性化合物总量降低的情况下,提高了对昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的活性。特别地,本发明的另一目标是,提供一种组合物,当其施用至作物时,能使作物上的化学残留物的量减少,从而减小抗性形成的风险,但是仍然可提供有效的疾病防治。
因此,通过使用下文限定的本发明的组合物,至少部分解决了所述目标。根据本发明的组合物优选地满足上述需求。令人惊讶地发现,与一方面单独使用所述菌株、其突变体和/或所述菌株产生的代谢产物,另一方面单独使用单一杀虫剂相比,同时或依次施用根据本发明的组合物至植物、植物部位、采收的水果、蔬菜和/或植物生长位置优选地能更好地防治昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体(协同混合物)。根据本发明,通过施用所述生物防治剂和杀虫剂,其对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的活性优选以超加和的方式增加。
因此,根据本发明的组合物优选降低使用的活性化合物的总量,因此用该组合物处理的作物优选表现出残留物的量减少。相应地,有害微生物形成抗性的风险也降低了。
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包括至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:
Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmycoides)AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)、芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus sp.)AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)、白色产气霉(Muscodor albus)620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌(Rhodococcus globerulus)AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(Streptomyces galbus)(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(Streptomyces sp.)(NRRL序列号B-30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种(Bacillus thuringiensissubspec.kurstaki)BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B-50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种的杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂、烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,用量为协同有效量。
另外,本发明还涉及一种部件试剂盒,其包括至少一种特定的生物防治剂以及至少一种特定的杀虫剂。本发明还涉及所述组合物的用途,用于减少由昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的对植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失。
另外,本发明提供了一种方法,用于减少由昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的对植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失。
生物防治剂
总体上,“农药”指一种物质所具有的提高植物有害物的致死率或抑制植物有害物的生长率的能力。该术语在此用于描述某种物质所具备的对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的活性。就本发明来说,“有害物”包括昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体。
本说明书中所使用的“生物防治”的定义是,通过使用第二种生物来防治一种病原体和/或昆虫和/或螨虫和/或线虫。已知的生物防治机制包括,使肠道细菌在植物根部表面与真菌竞争生存空间并使其出局,以此来防治根部腐烂。已经将细菌毒素如抗生素用于防治病原体。可以分离毒素并直接应用于植物,或者使用某种细菌,使其在原位产生毒素。
术语“代谢物”指所述微生物的发酵产生的具有农药活性的任何化合物、物质或副产物。
术语“突变体”指亲代菌株的变体,以及用来获得比亲代菌株表达出更高农药活性的突变体或变体的方法。“亲代菌株”在此被定义为诱变之前的原始菌株。为了获得这样的突变体,可以使用化学试剂如N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍、乙基甲烷砜(ethylmethanesulfone),或通过γ射线、X射线或紫外线的辐射,或通过本领域技术人员熟知的其他方法来处理亲代菌株。
“变体”是指具有NRRL或ATCC保藏菌种(如文中所示)的所有识别特征的某一菌株,其可被鉴定为,具有在高严谨性条件下同已获得NRRL或ATCC序列号的菌种的基因组杂交的基因组。
“杂交”指一个或多个多核苷酸反应生成一种复合物的反应,所述复合物通过核苷酸残基的碱基对之间的氢键稳定。氢键可以通过Watson-Crick式的碱基配对、Hoogstein结合或其他任何序列特异性的方式产生。所述复合物可包括,形成双链结构的两条链、形成多链复合物的三条或更多条链、可自杂交的单链或上述的任何组合。杂交反应可在不同的“严谨性”条件下进行。总体来说,低严谨性杂交反应在约40℃、10×SSC或相同离子强度/温度的溶液中进行。中严谨性杂交反应通常在约50℃、6×SSC中进行,高严谨性杂交通常在约60℃、1×SSC中进行。
所示NRRL或ATCC序列号的变体还可被定义为下述菌株,其基因组序列与NRRL或ATCC序列号已知基因组的序列一致性大于85%,更优选大于90%或更优选大于95%。多核苷酸或多核苷酸区域(或多肽或多肽区域)与其他序列具有一定百分比(例如,80%、85%、90%、95%)的“序列一致性”是指当二者排列在一起比对时,相同碱基对(或氨基酸)的百分比。可使用本领域已知的软件程序确定比对和同源性百分比或序列一致性,例如,CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology(F.M.Ausubel et al.,eds.,1987)Supplement 30,section 7.7.18,Table 7.7.1.中所记载的那些。
NRRL是美国农业研究菌种保藏中心的简称,是一个在《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯公约》之下的用于保藏微生物菌种的国际权威保藏机构,其地址是:National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research,Agricultural Researchservice,U.S.Department of Agriculture,1815 North university Street,Peroira,Illinois 61604 USA。
ATCC是美国标准生物品收藏中心的简称,是一个在《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯公约》之下用于保藏微生物菌种的国际权威保藏机构,其地址是:ATCCPatent Depository,10801 University Blvd.,Manassas,VA 10110 USA。
本发明中使用的生物防治剂在本领域中是已知的,如下:
Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)(以下有时称为B1)已知于WO 98/21966 A2。此菌株特别对线虫和昆虫有活性,其上清中会产生无外毒素、无蛋白质的活性代谢产物。此代谢产物对线虫和蟑螂有活性,但对苍蝇、玉米根虫或甜菜粘虫无活性。
蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)(以下有时称为B2)和其水溶性的代谢产物杀死或抑制昆虫如玉米根虫幼虫和蚜虫(WO 99/09820 A1)。
如WO 00/58442 A1中所描述,短小芽孢杆菌QST2808(NRRL序列号B-30087)(以下有时称为B3)能够在体内抑制多种真菌性植物病害。此外,此菌株同苏云金芽孢杆菌的结合可增强后者的杀虫活性。此菌株的市售可得的配方的商标名是和Plus,来自美国AgraQuest公司。
短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)(以下有时称为B4)已知于WO 99/10477A1。此菌株产生一种代谢产物,其对玉米根虫、线虫和甜菜粘虫表现出农药活性。
WO 98/21967 A1所描述的细菌菌株芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)(以下有时称为B5)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ 177(ATCC序列号55609)(以下有时称为B6)和芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)(以下有时称为B7)在处理和保护植物免受地上真菌和细菌感染方面是有效的。
产生代谢产物的菌株枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)(以下有时称为B8)杀死或抑制玉米根虫幼虫、甜菜粘虫幼虫、苍蝇成虫和线虫(参见WO 99/09819)。
枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661),也被命名为枯草芽孢杆菌QST713(以下有时称为B9)表现出广泛的杀真菌和杀细菌活性,同时表现出对玉米根虫的杀虫活性(WO98/50422 A1)。此菌株的市售配方的商标名是Max、SERENADE Soil、Aso、CPB和来自美国AgraQuest公司。
WO 98/21964 A1中所描述的枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)(以下有时称为B10)在抑制植物致病细菌和真菌方面是有效的。
苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)(以下有时称为B11)表现出杀虫活性(US 5645831 A)。此菌种产生无外毒素、可用溶剂萃取、无蛋白质的代谢产物,其在杀死玉米根虫方面100%有效。由此种细菌菌株产生的生物农药对玉米根虫有活性,但对苍蝇没有活性。
根据WO 98/21965 A1,可产生抗生素的菌株苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)(以下有时称为B12)表现出广泛的杀真菌和杀细菌活性。
WO 02/02082898 A1描述了植物内生真菌,包括白色产气霉620,又名为白色产气霉QST 20799(NRRL序列号30547)(以下有时称为B13)和Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)(以下有时称为B14),这两种菌种产生具有抵抗真菌、细菌、昆虫、螨虫和线虫活性的易挥发抗生素混合物。
红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)(以下有时称为B15)产生的代谢产物表现出对玉米根虫的农药活性(US6027723A)。
WO 01/79480 A2描述了鲜黄链霉菌的菌株(NRRL序列号30232)(以下有时称为B16),其表现出对鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫活性。
WO 02/26041 A2描述的链霉菌属种菌株(NRRL序列号B-30145)(以下有时称为B17)对特定植物病原体,如链格孢菌属、疫霉属、葡萄孢属、丝核菌属和核盘菌属,表现出抗菌活性。
可商购的苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123的制剂(以下有时称为B18)的商标名是来自美国AgraQuest公司。其具有杀虫活性并对鳞翅目昆虫包括尺蠖、粘虫和蛾有效。以EPA登记号62637-5-69592发布。
枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002菌株(又名为QST30002)(NRRL序列号B-50421,保藏于2010年10月5日)(以下有时称为B19)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004菌株(又名为QST30004)(NRRL序列号B-50455,保藏于2010年10月5日)(以下有时称为B20)已知于WO 2012/087980 A1,其通过引用的方式纳入本说明书。按照原文的描述,这两种生物防治剂都表现出广泛的杀真菌和杀细菌活性。B19和B20的swrA基因有一个突变,导致与含有野生型swrA基因的菌株相比,其孢子集群的能力受到损伤,促进植物健康的能力增强。这一突变使这两种生物防治剂形成比野生型菌株更结实的生物膜,从而增强其杀真菌和杀细菌的活性。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物的特征在于,所述生物防治剂选自:短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明的组合物的特征在于,所述生物防治剂选自:枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(又名为QST30002)(NRRL序列号B-50421)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(又名为QST30004)(NRRL序列号B-50455)或swrA基因发生突变而与含有野生型swrA基因的菌株相比孢子集群的能力受到损伤、促进植物健康的能力增强的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括至少两种选自以下的生物防治剂的组合:Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)、白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(NRRL序列号B-30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B-50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述生物防治剂不但包括各微生物的分离、纯化培养物,还包括整个培养物中的悬浮物,或含有代谢产物的上清液,或从整个菌株培养物获得的纯化代谢产物。“整个培养物”指含有细胞和培养基的液体培养物。“上清液”指将生长在培养基中的细胞通过离心、过滤、沉淀或其他本领域熟知的方法被除去后留下的液体。
上述由非致病微生物产生的代谢产物包括抗生素、酶、嗜铁素(siderophore)和生长促进剂,例如双效菌素-A(zwittermicin-A)、卡那霉素水解物(kanosamine)、聚8-羟基喹啉(polyoxine)、酶如α-淀粉酶、几丁质酶和果胶酶、植物激素和它们的前体如生长素、赤霉素类似物、细胞分裂素类化合物、脂肽如伊枯草菌素、制磷脂菌素(plipastatin)或表面活性肽,例如agrastatin A、芽孢菌霉素D(bacillomycin D)、溶杆菌素(bacilysin)、地非西丁(difficidin)、macrolactin、芬荠素(fengycin)、溶杆菌素和bacilaene。上述所列的优选代谢产物是脂肽,特别是由短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)或枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)所产生的脂肽。特别优选的代谢产物是伊枯草菌素A、表面活性肽、制磷脂菌素和Agrastatin A。甚至更优选的代谢产物是Agrastatin A。
根据本发明,所述生物防治剂可在任何生理状态如活性或休眠状态下应用或使用。
杀虫剂
“杀虫剂”和术语“杀虫的”指物质提高昆虫的死亡率或抑制其生长率的能力。在本说明书中,术语“昆虫”包括昆虫纲的所有生物。术语“成年前”昆虫指进入成年阶段前的生物体的任何形式,包括如,卵、幼虫和若虫。
“杀线虫剂”和“杀线虫的”指一种物质提高线虫死亡率或抑制其生长率的能力。一般而言,术语“线虫”包括所述生物的卵、幼虫(larva)、幼虫(juvenile)和成虫形式。
“杀螨虫剂”或“杀螨虫的”指物质提高属于蛛形纲蜱螨亚纲的外寄生虫的死亡率或抑制其生长率的能力。
本文以其“通用名”述及的活性成分是已知的并且记载于例如农药手册(“ThePesticide Manual”,第14版,英国作物保护委员会2006)或者可在因特网中搜索(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)。
根据本发明的至少一种杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂、烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂选自氨基甲酸酯类(carbamates)和有机磷酸酯类(organophosphates)。优选地,所述GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂选自环戊二烯有机氯类(cyclodiene organochlorines)和苯基吡唑类(phenylpyrazoles)(fiproles)。优选地,氯通道激活剂选自阿维菌素类(avermectins)/米尔贝霉素类(milbemycins)。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,所述乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂选自棉铃威(Alanycarb)(I1)、涕灭威(Aldicarb)(I2)、噁虫威(Bendiocarb)(I3)、丙硫克百威(Benfuracarb)(I4)、丁酮威(Butocarboxim)(I5)、丁酮砜威(Butoxycarboxim)(I6)、甲萘威(Carbaryl)(I7)、克百威(Carbofuran)(I8)、丁硫克百威(Carbosulfan)(I9)、乙硫苯威(Ethiofencarb)(I10)、仲丁威(Fenobucarb)(I11)、伐虫脒(Formetanate)(I12)、呋线威(Furathiocarb)(I13)、异丙威(Isoprocarb)(I14)、甲硫威(Methiocarb)(I15)、灭多威(Methomyl)(I16)、速灭威(Metolcarb)(I17)、杀线威(Oxamyl)(I18)、抗蚜威(Pirimicarb)(I19)、残杀威(Propoxur)(I20)、硫双威(Thiodicarb)(I21)、久效威(Thiofanox)(I22)、唑蚜威(Triazamate)(I23)、混杀威(Trimethacarb)(I24)、XMC(I25)和灭杀威(Xylylcarb)(I26);乙酰甲胺磷(Acephate)(I27)、甲基吡恶磷(Azamethiphos)(I28)、谷硫磷乙酯(Azinphos-ethyl)(I29)、谷硫磷甲酯(Azinphos-methyl)(I30)、硫线磷(Cadusafos)(I31)、氯氧磷(Chlorethoxyfos)(I32)、毒虫畏(Chlorfenvinphos)(I33)、氯甲硫磷(Chlormephos)(I34)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)(I35)、甲基毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos-methyl)(I36)、蝇毒磷(Coumaphos)(I37)、杀螟腈(Cyanophos)(I38)、内吸磷-S-甲基(Demeton-S-methyl)(I39)、二嗪磷(Diazinon)(I40)、敌敌畏/DDVP(Dichlorvos/DDVP)(I41)、百治磷(Dicrotophos)(I42)、乐果(Dimethoate)(I43)、甲基毒虫畏(Dimethylvinphos)(I44)、乙拌磷(Disulphoton)(I45)、苯硫磷(EPN)(I46)、乙硫磷(Ethion)(I47)、灭线磷(Ethoprophos)(I48)、伐灭磷(Famphur)(I49)、苯线磷(Fenamiphos)(I50)、杀螟硫磷(Fenitrothion)(I51)、倍硫磷(Fenthion)(I52)、噻唑磷(Fosthiazate)(I53)、庚烯磷(Heptenophos)(I54)、Imicyafos(I55)、异柳磷(Isofenphos)(I56)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯(Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate)(I57)、恶唑磷(Isoxathion)(I58)、马拉硫磷(Malathion)(I59)、灭蚜磷(Mecarbam)(I60)、甲胺磷(Methamidophos)(I61)、杀扑磷(Methidathion)(I62)、速灭磷(Mevinphos)(I63)、久效磷(Monocrotophos)(I64)、二溴磷(Naled)(I65)、氧乐果(Omethoate)(I66)、亚砜磷(Oxydemeton-methyl)(I67)、对硫磷(Parathion)(I68)、甲基对硫磷(Parathion-methyl)(I69)、稻丰散(Phenthoate)(I70)、甲拌磷(Phorate)(I71)、伏杀硫磷(Phosalone)(I72)、亚胺硫磷(Phosmet)(I73)、磷胺(Phosphamidon)(I74)、辛硫磷(Phoxim)(I75)、甲基嘧啶磷(Pirimiphos-methyl)(I76)、丙溴磷(Profenofos)(I77)、胺丙畏(Propetamphos)(I78)、丙硫磷(Prothiofos)(I79)、吡唑硫磷(Pyraclofos)(I80)、哒嗪硫磷(Pyridaphenthion)(I81)、喹硫磷(Quinalphos)(I82)、治螟磷(Sulfotep)(I83)、丁基嘧啶磷(Tebupirimfos)(I84)、双硫磷(Temephos)(I85)、特丁硫磷(Terbufos)(I86)、杀虫畏(Tetrachlorvinphos)(I87)、甲基乙拌磷(Thiometon)(I88)、三唑磷(Triazophos)(I89)、敌百虫(Triclorfon)(I90)和蚜灭磷(Vamidothion)(I91)。
优选地,所述GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂选自氯丹(Chlordane)(I92)、硫丹(Endosulfan)(I93)、乙虫腈(Ethiprole)(I94)、氟虫腈(Fipronil)(I95)。
优选地,所述氯通道激活剂选自阿维菌素(Abamectin)(I152)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(Emamectin-benzoate)(I153)、雷皮菌素(Lepimectin)(I154)和米尔倍霉素(Milbemycin)(I155)。
优选地,所述烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂选自杀虫磺(Bensultap)(I187)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(Cartap hydrochloride)(I188)、杀虫环(Thiocylam)(I189)和杀虫双(Thiosultap-sodium)(I190)。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,所述至少一种杀虫剂选自乙酰甲胺磷(I27)、毒死蜱(I35)、克百威(I8)、甲硫威(I15)、丙溴磷(I77)、硫双威(I21)、乙虫腈(I94)、氟虫腈(I95)、阿维菌素(I152)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(I153)和米尔倍霉素(I155)。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,所述至少一种杀虫剂选自甲硫威(I15)、硫双威(I21)、氟虫腈(I95)、阿维菌素(I152)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述杀虫剂,例如用于种子处理的杀虫剂,选自克百威(I8)、甲硫威(I15)、硫双威(I21)、乙虫腈(I94)、氟虫腈(I95)和阿维菌素(I152)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述组合物还包含其他杀虫剂,其与以上定义的杀虫剂和生物防治剂不同。
优选地,所述其它杀虫剂选自:
(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,例如
氨基甲酸酯类,例如,棉铃威(alanycarb)(I1)、涕灭威(aldicarb)(I2)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)(I3)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)(I4)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)(I5)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)(I6)、甲萘威(carbaryl)(I7)、克百威(carbofuran)(I8)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)(I9)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)(I10)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)(I11)、伐虫脒(formetanate)(I12)、呋线威(furathiocarb)(I13)、异丙威(isoprocarb)(I14)、甲硫威(methiocarb)(I15)、灭多威(methomyl)(I16)、速灭威(metolcarb)(I17)、杀线威(oxamyl)(I18)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)(I19)、残杀威(propoxur)(I20)、硫双威(thiodicarb)(I21)、久效威(thiofanox)(I22)、唑蚜威(triazamate)(I23)、混杀威(trimethacarb)(I24)、XMC(I25)和灭杀威(xylylcarb)(I26);或
有机磷酸酯类(organophosphates),例如,乙酰甲胺磷(acephate)(I27)、甲基吡恶磷(azamethiphos)(I28)、谷硫磷乙酯(azinphos-ethyl)(I29)、谷硫磷甲酯(azinphos-methyl)(I30)、硫线磷(cadusafos)(I31)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)(I32)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)(I33)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)(I34)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)(I35)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)(I36)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)(I37)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)(I38)、内吸磷-S-甲基(demeton-S-methyl)(I39)、二嗪磷(diazinon)(I40)、敌敌畏/DDVP(dichlorvos/DDVP)(I41)、百治磷(dicrotophos)(I42)、乐果(dimethoate)(I43)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)(I44)、乙拌磷(disulphoton)(I45)、苯硫磷(EPN)(I46)、乙硫磷(ethion)(I47)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)(I48)、伐灭磷(famphur)(I49)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)(I50)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)(I51)、倍硫磷(fenthion)(I52)、噻唑磷(fosthiazate)(I53)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)(I54)、imicyafos(I55)、异柳磷(isofenphos)(I56)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯(Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate)(I57)、恶唑磷(isoxathion)(I58)、马拉硫磷(malathion)(I59)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)(I60)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)(I61)、杀扑磷(methidathion)(I62)、速灭磷(mevinphos)(I63)、久效磷(monocrotophos)(I64)、二溴磷(naled)(I65)、氧乐果(omethoate)(I66)、亚砜磷(oxydemeton-methyl)(I67)、对硫磷(parathion)(I68)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)(I69)、稻丰散(phenthoate)(I70)、甲拌磷(phorate)(I71)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)(I72)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)(I73)、磷胺(phosphamidon)(I74)、辛硫磷(phoxim)(I75)、甲基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)(I76)、丙溴磷(profenofos)(I77)、胺丙畏(propetamphos)(I78)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)(I79)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)(I80)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)(I81)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)(I82)、治螟磷(sulfotep)(I83)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)(I84)、双硫磷(temephos)(I85)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)(I86)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)(I87)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)(I88)、三唑磷(triazophos)(I89)、敌百虫(triclorfon)(I90)和蚜灭磷(vamidothion)(I91);
(2)GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂类,例如
环戊二烯有机氯类,例如氯丹(chlordane)(I92)和硫丹(endosulfan)(I93);或
苯基吡唑类(fiproles),例如乙虫腈(ethiprole)(I94)和氟虫腈(fipronil)(I95);
(3)钠通道调节剂/电位依赖性钠通道阻断剂,例如拟除虫菊酯类,例如,氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)(I96)、烯丙菊酯(allethrin)(I97)、(d-顺-反)烯丙菊酯(I98)、(d-反)烯丙菊酯(I99)、联苯菊酯(bifenthrin)(I100)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)(I101)、生物烯丙菊酯-S-环戊烯基异构体(I102)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)(I103)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)(I104)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)(I105)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(I106)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)(I107)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(I108)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(I109)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)(I110)、α-氯氰菊酯(I111)、β-氯氰菊酯(I112)、θ-氯氰菊酯(I113)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(I114)、苯醚氰菊酯(1R-反式异构体)(cyphenothrin[(1R)-trans-isomers])(I115)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)(I116)、右旋烯炔菊酯((EZ)-(1R)异构体)(empenthrin[(EZ)-(1R)-isomers])(I117)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)(I118)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)(I119)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)(I120)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)(I121)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)(I122)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)(I123)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)(I124)、苄螨醚(halfenprox)(I125)、炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)(I126)、噻嗯菊酯(kadethrin)(I127)、氯菊酯(permethrin)(I128)、苯氧司林((1R)-反式异构体)(phenothrin(1R-trans isomer))(I129)、炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)(I130)、除虫菊素(pyrethrine)(除虫菊(pyrethrum))(I131)、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)(I132)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)(I133)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)(I134)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)(I135)、胺菊酯(1R异构体)(tetramethrin(1R isomer))(I136)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)(I137)、四氟苯菊酯(transfluthrin)(I138);或DDT(I139)或甲氧氯(methoxychlor)(I140);
(4)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂类,例如新烟碱类,例如啶虫脒(acetamiprid)(I141)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)(I142)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)(I143)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)(I144)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)(I145)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)(I146)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)(I147);或烟碱(nicotine)(I148);或砜虫啶(Sulfoxaflor)(I149);
(5)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构激活剂,例如多杀霉素类(spinosyns),例如乙基多杀霉素(spinetoram)(I150)和多杀菌素(spinosad)(I151);
(6)氯通道激活剂类,例如阿维菌素类(avermectins)/米尔贝霉素类(milbemycins),例如阿维菌素(abamectin)(I152)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin-benzoate)(I153)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)(I154)和米尔倍霉素(milbemycin)(I155);
(7)保幼激素模拟物,例如保幼激素类似物类,例如烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)(I156)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)(I157)和烯虫酯(methoprene)(I158);或苯氧威(fenoxycarb)(I159);或吡丙醚(pyriproxifen)(I160);
(8)多种非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,例如烷基卤化物类,例如,溴甲烷(I161)和其他烷基卤化物;或氯化苦(chloropicrin)(I162);或硫酰氟(sulphuryl fluoride)(I163);或硼砂(borax)(I164);或吐酒石(tartar emetic)(I165);
(9)选择性同翅目进食阻断剂类,例如,吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)(I166);或氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)(I167);
(10)螨生长抑制剂类,例如四螨嗪(clofentezine)(I168)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)(I169)、氟螨嗪(diflovidazin)(I170);或乙螨唑(etoxazole)(I171);
(11)昆虫中肠膜的微生物干扰剂,例如苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies israelensis)(I172)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies aizawai)(I173)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种(I174)、苏云金芽孢杆菌拟步行甲亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis)(I175),以及BT植物蛋白,例如Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab、Vip3A、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb、Cry34Ab1/35Ab1(I176);或球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)(I177);
(12)线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,例如丁醚脲(diafenthiuron)(I178);或有机锡化合物类,例如三唑锡(azocyclotin)(I179)、三环锡(cyhexatin)(I180)和苯丁锡(fenbutatin oxide)(I181);或炔螨特(propargite)(I182);或三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)(I183);
(13)通过破坏质子梯度起作用的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂类,例如虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)(I184)、DNOC(I185)、氟虫胺(sulfluramid)(I186);
(14)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂类,例如杀虫磺(bensultap)(I187)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(cartap hydrochloride)(I188)、杀虫环(thiocylam)(I189)和杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)(I190);
(15)几丁质生物合成抑制剂类0型,例如双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)(I191)、定虫隆(chlofluazuron)(I192)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)(I193)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)(I194)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)(I195)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)(I196)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)(I197)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)(I198)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)(I199)、伏虫磷(teflubenzuron)(I200)和杀虫隆(triflumuron)(I201);
(16)几丁质生物合成抑制剂类1型,例如噻嗪酮(buprofezin)(I202);
(17)蜕皮干扰剂类,例如灭蝇胺(cyromazine)(I203);
(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂类,例如环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)(I204)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)(I205)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)(I206)和虫酰肼(tebufenozide)(I207);
(19)章鱼胺受体激动剂类,例如双甲脒(amitraz)(I208);
(20)线粒体复合物III电子转移抑制剂类,例如灭蚁腙(hydramethylnone)(I209);或灭螨醌(acequinocyl)(I210);或嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)(I211);
(21)线粒体复合物I电子转移抑制剂类,例如
METI杀螨剂类,例如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)(I212)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)(I213)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)(I214)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)(I215)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)(I216)和唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)(I217);或鱼藤酮(rotenone)(Derris)(I218);
(22)电位依赖性钠通道阻断剂,例如茚虫威(indoxacarb)(I219);或氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)(I220);
(23)乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂类,例如特窗酸和特特拉姆酸衍生物,例如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)(I221)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)(I222)和螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)(I223);
(24)线粒体复合物IV电子转移抑制剂,例如膦类化合物如磷化铝(I224)、磷化钙(I225)、膦(I226)和磷化锌(I227);或氰化物(I228);
(25)线粒体复合物II电子转移抑制剂类,例如β-酮腈(β-ketonitrile)衍生物,例如唑螨氰(cyenopyrafen)(I229)和丁氟螨酯(Cyflumetofen)(I230);
(26)兰诺定(ryanodine)受体调节剂类,例如二酰胺类,如氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)(I231)、氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)(I232)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)(I233);
其他作用机理未知或不确定的活性化合物,例如磺胺螨酯(Amidoflumet)(I234)、印楝素(azadirachtin)(I235)、Benclothiaz(I236)、苯螨特(benzoximate)(I237)、螨肼酯(bifenazate)(I238)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)(I239)、灭螨锰(chinomethionat)(I240)、冰晶石(Cryolite)(I241)、三氯杀螨醇(Dicofol)(I242)、氟螨嗪(Diflovidazin)(I243)、氟噻虫砜(Fluensulfone)(I244)、嘧虫胺(Flufenerim)(I245)、丁烯氟虫腈(Flufiprole)(I246)、氟吡菌酰胺(Fluopyram)(I247)、呋喃虫酰肼(Fufenozide)(I248)、氯噻啉(Imidaclothiz)(I249)、扑海因(Iprodione)(I250)、氯氟醚菊酯(Meperfluthrin)(I251)、啶虫丙醚(Pyridalyl)(I252)、Pyrifluquinazon(I253)、四氟醚菊酯(Tetramethylfluthrin)(I254)、碘甲烷(I255);以及基于坚强芽胞杆菌(Bacillusfirmus)(包括但不限于菌株CNCM I-1582例如VotivoTM,BioNem)的其他产品(I256),或下列已知的活性化合物之一:3-溴-N-{2-溴-4-氯-6-[(1-环丙基乙基)氨甲酰基]苯基}-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰氨(I257)(已知于WO2005/077934)、4-{[(6-溴吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I258)(已知于WO2007/115644)、4-{[(6-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I259)(已知于WO2007/115644)、4-{[(2-氯-1,3-噻唑-5-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I260)(已知于WO2007/115644)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I261)(已知于WO2007/115644)、Flupyradifurone(I262)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I263)(已知于WO2007/115643)、4-{[(5,6-二氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I264)(已知于WO2007/115646)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](环丙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I265)(已知于WO 2007/115643)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](环丙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I266)(已知于EP-A-0539588)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(I267)(已知于EP-A-0539588)、{[1-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)乙基](甲基)氧代-λ4-亚硫烷基}腈氨(I268)(已知于WO2007/149134)及其非对映异构体{[(1R)-1-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)乙基](甲基)氧代-λ4-亚硫烷基}腈氨(A)(I269)和{[(1S)-1-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)乙基](甲基)氧代-λ4-亚硫烷基}腈氨(B)(I270)(同样已知于WO2007/149134)以及非对映异构体[(R)-甲基(氧代){(1R)-1-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]乙基}-λ4-亚硫烷基]腈氨(A1)(I271)和[(S)-甲基(氧代){(1S)-1-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]乙基}-λ4-亚硫烷基]腈氨(A2)(I272),被称为非对映异构体组A(已知于WO2010/074747、WO2010/074751),[(R)-甲基(氧代){(1S)-1-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]乙基}-λ4-亚硫烷基]腈氨(B1)(I273)和[(S)-甲基(氧代){(1R)-1-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]乙基}-λ4-亚硫烷基]腈氨(B2)(I274),被称为非对映异构体组B(同样已知于WO2010/074747、WO2010/074751),11-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-12-羟基-1,4-二氧杂-9-氮杂二螺[4.2.4.2]十四碳-11-烯-10-酮(I275)(已知于WO2006/089633)、3-(4'-氟-2,4-二甲基联苯-3-基)-4-羟基-8-氧杂-1-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(I276)(已知于WO2008/067911)、1-[2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(I277)(已知于WO 2006/043635)、Afidopyropen[(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(环丙基羰基)氧]-6,12-二羟基-4,12b-二甲基-11-氧-9-(吡啶-3-基)-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-十氢-2H,11H-苯并[f]吡喃并[4,3-b]色烯-4-基]甲基环丙烷羧酸酯(I278)(已知于WO2008/066153)、2-氰基-3-(二氟甲氧基)-N,N-二甲基苯磺酰胺(I279)(已知于WO2006/056433)、2-氰基-3-(二氟甲氧基)-N-甲基苯磺酰胺(I280)(已知于WO2006/100288)、2-氰基-3-(二氟甲氧基)-N-乙基苯磺酰胺(I281)(已知于WO2005/035486)、4-(二氟甲氧基)-N-乙基-N-甲基-1,2-苯并噻唑-3-胺1,1-二氧化物(I282)(已知于WO2007/057407)、N-[1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-2-(3,5-二甲基苯基)乙基]-4,5-二氢-1,3-噻唑-2-胺(I283)(已知于WO2008/104503)、{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-氟螺[吲哚-3,4'-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(I284)(已知于WO2003/106457)、3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-4-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(I285)(已知于WO 2009/049851)、3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基碳酸乙酯(I286)(已知于WO2009/049851)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(I287)(已知于WO2004/099160)、(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)(3,3,3-三氟丙基)丙二腈(I288)(已知于WO 2005/063094)、(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)(3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基)丙二腈(I289)(已知于WO2005/063094)、8-[2-(环丙基甲氧基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-3-[6-(三氟甲基)哒嗪-3-基]-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(I290)(已知于WO2007/040280)、Flometoquin(I291)、PF1364(CAS注册号1204776-60-2)(I292)(已知于JP2010/018586)、5-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲腈(I293)(已知于WO 2007/075459)、5-[5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲腈(I294)(已知于WO2007/075459)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-{2-氧代-2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基]乙基}苯甲酰胺(I295)(已知于WO 2005/085216)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](环丙基)氨基}-1,3-噁唑-2(5H)-酮(I296)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)氨基}-1,3-噁唑-2(5H)-酮(I297)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](乙基)氨基}-1,3-噁唑-2(5H)-酮(I298)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)氨基}-1,3-噁唑-2(5H)-酮(I299)(全部已知于WO2010/005692)、Pyflubumide N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-甲氧基丙-2-基)-3-异丁基苯基]-N-异丁酰基-1,3,5-三甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(I300)(已知于WO2002/096882)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氯-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-甲基肼羧酸甲酯(I301)(已知于WO 2005/085216)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氰基-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-乙基肼羧酸甲酯(I302)(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氰基-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-甲基肼羧酸甲酯(I303)(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-1,2-二乙基肼羧酸甲酯(I304)(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-2-乙基肼羧酸甲酯(I305)(已知于WO2005/085216)、(5RS,7RS;5RS,7SR)-1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,3,5,6,7-六氢-7-甲基-8-硝基-5-丙氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶(I306)(已知于WO2007/101369)、2-{6-[2-(5-氟吡啶-3-基)-1,3-噻唑-5-基]吡啶-2-基}嘧啶(I307)(已知于WO2010/006713)、2-{6-[2-(吡啶-3-基)-1,3-噻唑-5-基]吡啶-2-基}嘧啶(I308)(已知于WO2010/006713)、1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-N-[4-氰基-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨甲酰基)苯基]-3-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1H-四唑-1-基]甲基}-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(I309)(已知于WO2010/069502)、1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-N-[4-氰基-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨甲酰基)苯基]-3-{[5-(三氟甲基)-2H-四唑-2-基]甲基}-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(I310)(已知于WO2010/069502)、N-[2-(叔丁基氨甲酰基)-4-氰基-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-3-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1H-四唑-1-基]甲基}-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(I311)(已知于WO2010/069502)、N-[2-(叔丁基氨甲酰基)-4-氰基-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-3-{[5-(三氟甲基)-2H-四唑-2-基]甲基}-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(I312)(已知于WO2010/069502)、(1E)-N-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-N'-氰基-N-(2,2-二氟乙基)乙脒(I313)(已知于WO2008/009360)、N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(I314)(已知于CN102057925)和2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-2-乙基-1-甲基肼羧酸甲酯(I315)(已知于WO2011/049233)。
在本发明优选实施方案中,所述杀虫剂是合成杀虫剂。在本说明书中,术语“合成”定义了一种不是从生物防治剂获得的化合物。特别地,合成杀虫剂或杀菌剂不是根据本发明的生物防治剂的代谢产物。
本发明的组合物
根据本发明,所述组合物包括至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:Bacilluschitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)、白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(NRRL序列号B-30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B-50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂、烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,用量为协同有效量。
根据本发明,“协同有效量”代表一定量的生物防治剂和杀虫剂的结合物,所述结合物在抵抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体方面,比单独使用该生物防治剂或该杀虫剂在统计学上明显更加有效。
在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的组合物包括下列组合:
B1+I1、B1+I2、B1+I3、B1+I4、B1+I5、B1+I6、B1+I7、B1+I8、B1+I9、B1+B10、B1+I11、B1+I12、B1+I13、B1+I14、B1+I15、B1+I16、B1+I17、B1+I18、B1+I19、B1+I20、B1+I21、B1+I22、B1+I23、B1+I24、B1+I25、B1+I26、B1+I27、B1+I28、B1+I29、B1+I30、B1+I31、B1+I32、B1+I33、B1+I34、B1+I35、B1+I36、B1+I37、B1+I38、B1+I39、B1+I40、B1+I41、B1+I42、B1+I43、B1+I44、B1+I45、B1+I46、B1+I47、B1+I48、B1+I49、B1+I50、B1+I51、B1+I52、B1+I53、B1+I54、B1+I55、B1+I56、B1+I57、B1+I58、B1+I59、B1+I60、B1+I61、B1+I62、B1+I63、B1+I64、B1+I65、B1+I66、B1+I67、B1+I68、B1+I69、B1+I70、B1+I71、B1+I72、B1+I73、B1+I74、B1+I75、B1+I76、B1+I77、B1+I78、B1+I79、B1+I80、B1+I81、B1+I82、B1+I83、B1+I84、B1+I85、B1+I86、B1+I87、B1+I88、B1+I89、B1+I90、B1+I91、B1+I92、B1+I93、B1+I94、B1+I95、B1+I152、B1+I153、B1+I154、B1+I155、B1+I187、B1+I188、B1+I189、B1+I190;
B2+I1、B2+I2、B2+I3、B2+I4、B2+I5、B2+I6、B2+I7、B2+I8、B2+I9、B2+B20、B2+I11、B2+I12、B2+I13、B2+I14、B2+I15、B2+I16、B2+I17、B2+I18、B2+I19、B2+I20、B2+I21、B2+I22、B2+I23、B2+I24、B2+I25、B2+I26、B2+I27、B2+I28、B2+I29、B2+I30、B2+I31、B2+I32、B2+I33、B2+I34、B2+I35、B2+I36、B2+I37、B2+I38、B2+I39、B2+I40、B2+I41、B2+I42、B2+I43、B2+I44、B2+I45、B2+I46、B2+I47、B2+I48、B2+I49、B2+I50、B2+I51、B2+I52、B2+I53、B2+I54、B2+I55、B2+I56、B2+I57、B2+I58、B2+I59、B2+I60、B2+I61、B2+I62、B2+I63、B2+I64、B2+I65、B2+I66、B2+I67、B2+I68、B2+I69、B2+I70、B2+I71、B2+I72、B2+I73、B2+I74、B2+I75、B2+I76、B2+I77、B2+I78、B2+I79、B2+I80、B2+I81、B2+I82、B2+I83、B2+I84、B2+I85、B2+I86、B2+I87、B2+I88、B2+I89、B2+I90、B2+I91、B2+I92、B2+I93、B2+I94、B2+I95、B2+I152、B2+I153、B2+I154、B2+I155、B2+I187、B2+I188、B2+I189、B2+I190;
B3+I1、B3+I2、B3+I3、B3+I4、B3+I5、B3+I6、B3+I7、B3+I8、B3+I9、B3+B30、B3+I11、B3+I12、B3+I13、B3+I14、B3+I15、B3+I16、B3+I17、B3+I18、B3+I19、B3+I20、B3+I21、B3+I22、B3+I23、B3+I24、B3+I25、B3+I26、B3+I27、B3+I28、B3+I29、B3+I30、B3+I31、B3+I32、B3+I33、B3+I34、B3+I35、B3+I36、B3+I37、B3+I38、B3+I39、B3+I40、B3+I41、B3+I42、B3+I43、B3+I44、B3+I45、B3+I46、B3+I47、B3+I48、B3+I49、B3+I50、B3+I51、B3+I52、B3+I53、B3+I54、B3+I55、B3+I56、B3+I57、B3+I58、B3+I59、B3+I60、B3+I61、B3+I62、B3+I63、B3+I64、B3+I65、B3+I66、B3+I67、B3+I68、B3+I69、B3+I70、B3+I71、B3+I72、B3+I73、B3+I74、B3+I75、B3+I76、B3+I77、B3+I78、B3+I79、B3+I80、B3+I81、B3+I82、B3+I83、B3+I84、B3+I85、B3+I86、B3+I87、B3+I88、B3+I89、B3+I90、B3+I91、B3+I92、B3+I93、B3+I94、B3+I95、B3+I152、B3+I153、B3+I154、B3+I155、B3+I187、B3+I188、B3+I189、B3+I190;
B4+I1、B4+I2、B4+I3、B4+I4、B4+I5、B4+I6、B4+I7、B4+I8、B4+I9、B4+B40、B4+I11、B4+I12、B4+I13、B4+I14、B4+I15、B4+I16、B4+I17、B4+I18、B4+I19、B4+I20、B4+I21、B4+I22、B4+I23、B4+I24、B4+I25、B4+I26、B4+I27、B4+I28、B4+I29、B4+I30、B4+I31、B4+I32、B4+I33、B4+I34、B4+I35、B4+I36、B4+I37、B4+I38、B4+I39、B4+I40、B4+I41、B4+I42、B4+I43、B4+I44、B4+I45、B4+I46、B4+I47、B4+I48、B4+I49、B4+I50、B4+I51、B4+I52、B4+I53、B4+I54、B4+I55、B4+I56、B4+I57、B4+I58、B4+I59、B4+I60、B4+I61、B4+I62、B4+I63、B4+I64、B4+I65、B4+I66、B4+I67、B4+I68、B4+I69、B4+I70、B4+I71、B4+I72、B4+I73、B4+I74、B4+I75、B4+I76、B4+I77、B4+I78、B4+I79、B4+I80、B4+I81、B4+I82、B4+I83、B4+I84、B4+I85、B4+I86、B4+I87、B4+I88、B4+I89、B4+I90、B4+I91、B4+I92、B4+I93、B4+I94、B4+I95、B4+I152、B4+I153、B4+I154、B4+I155、B4+I187、B4+I188、B4+I189、B4+I190;
B5+I1、B5+I2、B5+I3、B5+I4、B5+I5、B5+I6、B5+I7、B5+I8、B5+I9、B5+B50、B5+I11、B5+I12、B5+I13、B5+I14、B5+I15、B5+I16、B5+I17、B5+I18、B5+I19、B5+I20、B5+I21、B5+I22、B5+I23、B5+I24、B5+I25、B5+I26、B5+I27、B5+I28、B5+I29、B5+I30、B5+I31、B5+I32、B5+I33、B5+I34、B5+I35、B5+I36、B5+I37、B5+I38、B5+I39、B5+I40、B5+I41、B5+I42、B5+I43、B5+I44、B5+I45、B5+I46、B5+I47、B5+I48、B5+I49、B5+I50、B5+I51、B5+I52、B5+I53、B5+I54、B5+I55、B5+I56、B5+I57、B5+I58、B5+I59、B5+I60、B5+I61、B5+I62、B5+I63、B5+I64、B5+I65、B5+I66、B5+I67、B5+I68、B5+I69、B5+I70、B5+I71、B5+I72、B5+I73、B5+I74、B5+I75、B5+I76、B5+I77、B5+I78、B5+I79、B5+I80、B5+I81、B5+I82、B5+I83、B5+I84、B5+I85、B5+I86、B5+I87、B5+I88、B5+I89、B5+I90、B5+I91、B5+I92、B5+I93、B5+I94、B5+I95、B5+I152、B5+I153、B5+I154、B5+I155、B5+I187、B5+I188、B5+I189、B5+I190;
B6+I1、B6+I2、B6+I3、B6+I4、B6+I5、B6+I6、B6+I7、B6+I8、B6+I9、B6+B60、B6+I11、B6+I12、B6+I13、B6+I14、B6+I15、B6+I16、B6+I17、B6+I18、B6+I19、B6+I20、B6+I21、B6+I22、B6+I23、B6+I24、B6+I25、B6+I26、B6+I27、B6+I28、B6+I29、B6+I30、B6+I31、B6+I32、B6+I33、B6+I34、B6+I35、B6+I36、B6+I37、B6+I38、B6+I39、B6+I40、B6+I41、B6+I42、B6+I43、B6+I44、B6+I45、B6+I46、B6+I47、B6+I48、B6+I49、B6+I50、B6+I51、B6+I52、B6+I53、B6+I54、B6+I55、B6+I56、B6+I57、B6+I58、B6+I59、B6+I60、B6+I61、B6+I62、B6+I63、B6+I64、B6+I65、B6+I66、B6+I67、B6+I68、B6+I69、B6+I70、B6+I71、B6+I72、B6+I73、B6+I74、B6+I75、B6+I76、B6+I77、B6+I78、B6+I79、B6+I80、B6+I81、B6+I82、B6+I83、B6+I84、B6+I85、B6+I86、B6+I87、B6+I88、B6+I89、B6+I90、B6+I91、B6+I92、B6+I93、B6+I94、B6+I95、B6+I152、B6+I153、B6+I154、B6+I155、B6+I187、B6+I188、B6+I189、B6+I190;
B7+I1、B7+I2、B7+I3、B7+I4、B7+I5、B7+I6、B7+I7、B7+I8、B7+I9、B7+B70、B7+I11、B7+I12、B7+I13、B7+I14、B7+I15、B7+I16、B7+I17、B7+I18、B7+I19、B7+I20、B7+I21、B7+I22、B7+I23、B7+I24、B7+I25、B7+I26、B7+I27、B7+I28、B7+I29、B7+I30、B7+I31、B7+I32、B7+I33、B7+I34、B7+I35、B7+I36、B7+I37、B7+I38、B7+I39、B7+I40、B7+I41、B7+I42、B7+I43、B7+I44、B7+I45、B7+I46、B7+I47、B7+I48、B7+I49、B7+I50、B7+I51、B7+I52、B7+I53、B7+I54、B7+I55、B7+I56、B7+I57、B7+I58、B7+I59、B7+I60、B7+I61、B7+I62、B7+I63、B7+I64、B7+I65、B7+I66、B7+I67、B7+I68、B7+I69、B7+I70、B7+I71、B7+I72、B7+I73、B7+I74、B7+I75、B7+I76、B7+I77、B7+I78、B7+I79、B7+I80、B7+I81、B7+I82、B7+I83、B7+I84、B7+I85、B7+I86、B7+I87、B7+I88、B7+I89、B7+I90、B7+I91、B7+I92、B7+I93、B7+I94、B7+I95、B7+I152、B7+I153、B7+I154、B7+I155、B7+I187、B7+I188、B7+I189、B7+I190;
B8+I1、B8+I2、B8+I3、B8+I4、B8+I5、B8+I6、B8+I7、B8+I8、B8+I9、B8+B80、B8+I11、B8+I12、B8+I13、B8+I14、B8+I15、B8+I16、B8+I17、B8+I18、B8+I19、B8+I20、B8+I21、B8+I22、B8+I23、B8+I24、B8+I25、B8+I26、B8+I27、B8+I28、B8+I29、B8+I30、B8+I31、B8+I32、B8+I33、B8+I34、B8+I35、B8+I36、B8+I37、B8+I38、B8+I39、B8+I40、B8+I41、B8+I42、B8+I43、B8+I44、B8+I45、B8+I46、B8+I47、B8+I48、B8+I49、B8+I50、B8+I51、B8+I52、B8+I53、B8+I54、B8+I55、B8+I56、B8+I57、B8+I58、B8+I59、B8+I60、B8+I61、B8+I62、B8+I63、B8+I64、B8+I65、B8+I66、B8+I67、B8+I68、B8+I69、B8+I70、B8+I71、B8+I72、B8+I73、B8+I74、B8+I75、B8+I76、B8+I77、B8+I78、B8+I79、B8+I80、B8+I81、B8+I82、B8+I83、B8+I84、B8+I85、B8+I86、B8+I87、B8+I88、B8+I89、B8+I90、B8+I91、B8+I92、B8+I93、B8+I94、B8+I95、B8+I152、B8+I153、B8+I154、B8+I155、B8+I187、B8+I188、B8+I189、B8+I190;
B9+I1、B9+I2、B9+I3、B9+I4、B9+I5、B9+I6、B9+I7、B9+I8、B9+I9、B9+B90、B9+I11、B9+I12、B9+I13、B9+I14、B9+I15、B9+I16、B9+I17、B9+I18、B9+I19、B9+I20、B9+I21、B9+I22、B9+I23、B9+I24、B9+I25、B9+I26、B9+I27、B9+I28、B9+I29、B9+I30、B9+I31、B9+I32、B9+I33、B9+I34、B9+I35、B9+I36、B9+I37、B9+I38、B9+I39、B9+I40、B9+I41、B9+I42、B9+I43、B9+I44、B9+I45、B9+I46、B9+I47、B9+I48、B9+I49、B9+I50、B9+I51、B9+I52、B9+I53、B9+I54、B9+I55、B9+I56、B9+I57、B9+I58、B9+I59、B9+I60、B9+I61、B9+I62、B9+I63、B9+I64、B9+I65、B9+I66、B9+I67、B9+I68、B9+I69、B9+I70、B9+I71、B9+I72、B9+I73、B9+I74、B9+I75、B9+I76、B9+I77、B9+I78、B9+I79、B9+I80、B9+I81、B9+I82、B9+I83、B9+I84、B9+I85、B9+I86、B9+I87、B9+I88、B9+I89、B9+I90、B9+I91、B9+I92、B9+I93、B9+I94、B9+I95、B9+I152、B9+I153、B9+I154、B9+I155、B9+I187、B9+I188、B9+I189、B9+I190;
B10+I1、B10+I2、B10+I3、B10+I4、B10+I5、B10+I6、B10+I7、B10+I8、B10+I9、B10+B100、B10+I11、B10+I12、B10+I13、B10+I14、B10+I15、B10+I16、B10+I17、B10+I18、B10+I19、B10+I20、B10+I21、B10+I22、B10+I23、B10+I24、B10+I25、B10+I26、B10+I27、B10+I28、B10+I29、B10+I30、B10+I31、B10+I32、B10+I33、B10+I34、B10+I35、B10+I36、B10+I37、B10+I38、B10+I39、B10+I40、B10+I41、B10+I42、B10+I43、B10+I44、B10+I45、B10+I46、B10+I47、B10+I48、B10+I49、B10+I50、B10+I51、B10+I52、B10+I53、B10+I54、B10+I55、B10+I56、B10+I57、B10+I58、B10+I59、B10+I60、B10+I61、B10+I62、B10+I63、B10+I64、B10+I65、B10+I66、B10+I67、B10+I68、B10+I69、B10+I70、B10+I71、B10+I72、B10+I73、B10+I74、B10+I75、B10+I76、B10+I77、B10+I78、B10+I79、B10+I80、B10+I81、B10+I82、B10+I83、B10+I84、B10+I85、B10+I86、B10+I87、B10+I88、B10+I89、B10+I90、B10+I91、B10+I92、B10+I93、B10+I94、B10+I95、B10+I152、B10+I153、B10+I154、B10+I155、B10+I187、B10+I188、B10+I189、B10+I190;
B11+I1、B11+I2、B11+I3、B11+I4、B11+I5、B11+I6、B11+I7、B11+I8、B11+I9、B11+B110、B11+I11、B11+I12、B11+I13、B11+I14、B11+I15、B11+I16、B11+I17、B11+I18、B11+I19、B11+I20、B11+I21、B11+I22、B11+I23、B11+I24、B11+I25、B11+I26、B11+I27、B11+I28、B11+I29、B11+I30、B11+I31、B11+I32、B11+I33、B11+I34、B11+I35、B11+I36、B11+I37、B11+I38、B11+I39、B11+I40、B11+I41、B11+I42、B11+I43、B11+I44、B11+I45、B11+I46、B11+I47、B11+I48、B11+I49、B11+I50、B11+I51、B11+I52、B11+I53、B11+I54、B11+I55、B11+I56、B11+I57、B11+I58、B11+I59、B11+I60、B11+I61、B11+I62、B11+I63、B11+I64、B11+I65、B11+I66、B11+I67、B11+I68、B11+I69、B11+I70、B11+I71、B11+I72、B11+I73、B11+I74、B11+I75、B11+I76、B11+I77、B11+I78、B11+I79、B11+I80、B11+I81、B11+I82、B11+I83、B11+I84、B11+I85、B11+I86、B11+I87、B11+I88、B11+I89、B11+I90、B11+I91、B11+I92、B11+I93、B11+I94、B11+I95、B11+I152、B11+I153、B11+I154、B11+I155、B11+I187、B11+I188、B11+I189、B11+I190;
B12+I1、B12+I2、B12+I3、B12+I4、B12+I5、B12+I6、B12+I7、B12+I8、B12+I9、B12+B120、B12+I11、B12+I12、B12+I13、B12+I14、B12+I15、B12+I16、B12+I17、B12+I18、B12+I19、B12+I20、B12+I21、B12+I22、B12+I23、B12+I24、B12+I25、B12+I26、B12+I27、B12+I28、B12+I29、B12+I30、B12+I31、B12+I32、B12+I33、B12+I34、B12+I35、B12+I36、B12+I37、B12+I38、B12+I39、B12+I40、B12+I41、B12+I42、B12+I43、B12+I44、B12+I45、B12+I46、B12+I47、B12+I48、B12+I49、B12+I50、B12+I51、B12+I52、B12+I53、B12+I54、B12+I55、B12+I56、B12+I57、B12+I58、B12+I59、B12+I60、B12+I61、B12+I62、B12+I63、B12+I64、B12+I65、B12+I66、B12+I67、B12+I68、B12+I69、B12+I70、B12+I71、B12+I72、B12+I73、B12+I74、B12+I75、B12+I76、B12+I77、B12+I78、B12+I79、B12+I80、B12+I81、B12+I82、B12+I83、B12+I84、B12+I85、B12+I86、B12+I87、B12+I88、B12+I89、B12+I90、B12+I91、B12+I92、B12+I93、B12+I94、B12+I95、B12+I152、B12+I153、B12+I154、B12+I155、B12+I187、B12+I188、B12+I189、B12+I190;
B13+I1、B13+I2、B13+I3、B13+I4、B13+I5、B13+I6、B13+I7、B13+I8、B13+I9、B13+B130、B13+I11、B13+I12、B13+I13、B13+I14、B13+I15、B13+I16、B13+I17、B13+I18、B13+I19、B13+I20、B13+I21、B13+I22、B13+I23、B13+I24、B13+I25、B13+I26、B13+I27、B13+I28、B13+I29、B13+I30、B13+I31、B13+I32、B13+I33、B13+I34、B13+I35、B13+I36、B13+I37、B13+I38、B13+I39、B13+I40、B13+I41、B13+I42、B13+I43、B13+I44、B13+I45、B13+I46、B13+I47、B13+I48、B13+I49、B13+I50、B13+I51、B13+I52、B13+I53、B13+I54、B13+I55、B13+I56、B13+I57、B13+I58、B13+I59、B13+I60、B13+I61、B13+I62、B13+I63、B13+I64、B13+I65、B13+I66、B13+I67、B13+I68、B13+I69、B13+I70、B13+I71、B13+I72、B13+I73、B13+I74、B13+I75、B13+I76、B13+I77、B13+I78、B13+I79、B13+I80、B13+I81、B13+I82、B13+I83、B13+I84、B13+I85、B13+I86、B13+I87、B13+I88、B13+I89、B13+I90、B13+I91、B13+I92、B13+I93、B13+I94、B13+I95、B13+I152、B13+I153、B13+I154、B13+I155、B13+I187、B13+I188、B13+I189、B13+I190;
B14+I1、B14+I2、B14+I3、B14+I4、B14+I5、B14+I6、B14+I7、B14+I8、B14+I9、B14+B140、B14+I11、B14+I12、B14+I13、B14+I14、B14+I15、B14+I16、B14+I17、B14+I18、B14+I19、B14+I20、B14+I21、B14+I22、B14+I23、B14+I24、B14+I25、B14+I26、B14+I27、B14+I28、B14+I29、B14+I30、B14+I31、B14+I32、B14+I33、B14+I34、B14+I35、B14+I36、B14+I37、B14+I38、B14+I39、B14+I40、B14+I41、B14+I42、B14+I43、B14+I44、B14+I45、B14+I46、B14+I47、B14+I48、B14+I49、B14+I50、B14+I51、B14+I52、B14+I53、B14+I54、B14+I55、B14+I56、B14+I57、B14+I58、B14+I59、B14+I60、B14+I61、B14+I62、B14+I63、B14+I64、B14+I65、B14+I66、B14+I67、B14+I68、B14+I69、B14+I70、B14+I71、B14+I72、B14+I73、B14+I74、B14+I75、B14+I76、B14+I77、B14+I78、B14+I79、B14+I80、B14+I81、B14+I82、B14+I83、B14+I84、B14+I85、B14+I86、B14+I87、B14+I88、B14+I89、B14+I90、B14+I91、B14+I92、B14+I93、B14+I94、B14+I95、B14+I152、B14+I153、B14+I154、B14+I155、B14+I187、B14+I188、B14+I189、B14+I190;
B15+I1、B15+I2、B15+I3、B15+I4、B15+I5、B15+I6、B15+I7、B15+I8、B15+I9、B15+B150、B15+I11、B15+I12、B15+I13、B15+I14、B15+I15、B15+I16、B15+I17、B15+I18、B15+I19、B15+I20、B15+I21、B15+I22、B15+I23、B15+I24、B15+I25、B15+I26、B15+I27、B15+I28、B15+I29、B15+I30、B15+I31、B15+I32、B15+I33、B15+I34、B15+I35、B15+I36、B15+I37、B15+I38、B15+I39、B15+I40、B15+I41、B15+I42、B15+I43、B15+I44、B15+I45、B15+I46、B15+I47、B15+I48、B15+I49、B15+I50、B15+I51、B15+I52、B15+I53、B15+I54、B15+I55、B15+I56、B15+I57、B15+I58、B15+I59、B15+I60、B15+I61、B15+I62、B15+I63、B15+I64、B15+I65、B15+I66、B15+I67、B15+I68、B15+I69、B15+I70、B15+I71、B15+I72、B15+I73、B15+I74、B15+I75、B15+I76、B15+I77、B15+I78、B15+I79、B15+I80、B15+I81、B15+I82、B15+I83、B15+I84、B15+I85、B15+I86、B15+I87、B15+I88、B15+I89、B15+I90、B15+I91、B15+I92、B15+I93、B15+I94、B15+I95、B15+I152、B15+I153、B15+I154、B15+I155、B15+I187、B15+I188、B15+I189、B15+I190;
B16+I1、B16+I2、B16+I3、B16+I4、B16+I5、B16+I6、B16+I7、B16+I8、B16+I9、B16+B160、B16+I11、B16+I12、B16+I13、B16+I14、B16+I15、B16+I16、B16+I17、B16+I18、B16+I19、B16+I20、B16+I21、B16+I22、B16+I23、B16+I24、B16+I25、B16+I26、B16+I27、B16+I28、B16+I29、B16+I30、B16+I31、B16+I32、B16+I33、B16+I34、B16+I35、B16+I36、B16+I37、B16+I38、B16+I39、B16+I40、B16+I41、B16+I42、B16+I43、B16+I44、B16+I45、B16+I46、B16+I47、B16+I48、B16+I49、B16+I50、B16+I51、B16+I52、B16+I53、B16+I54、B16+I55、B16+I56、B16+I57、B16+I58、B16+I59、B16+I60、B16+I61、B16+I62、B16+I63、B16+I64、B16+I65、B16+I66、B16+I67、B16+I68、B16+I69、B16+I70、B16+I71、B16+I72、B16+I73、B16+I74、B16+I75、B16+I76、B16+I77、B16+I78、B16+I79、B16+I80、B16+I81、B16+I82、B16+I83、B16+I84、B16+I85、B16+I86、B16+I87、B16+I88、B16+I89、B16+I90、B16+I91、B16+I92、B16+I93、B16+I94、B16+I95、B16+I152、B16+I153、B16+I154、B16+I155、B16+I187、B16+I188、B16+I189、B16+I190;
B17+I1、B17+I2、B17+I3、B17+I4、B17+I5、B17+I6、B17+I7、B17+I8、B17+I9、B17+B170、B17+I11、B17+I12、B17+I13、B17+I14、B17+I15、B17+I16、B17+I17、B17+I18、B17+I19、B17+I20、B17+I21、B17+I22、B17+I23、B17+I24、B17+I25、B17+I26、B17+I27、B17+I28、B17+I29、B17+I30、B17+I31、B17+I32、B17+I33、B17+I34、B17+I35、B17+I36、B17+I37、B17+I38、B17+I39、B17+I40、B17+I41、B17+I42、B17+I43、B17+I44、B17+I45、B17+I46、B17+I47、B17+I48、B17+I49、B17+I50、B17+I51、B17+I52、B17+I53、B17+I54、B17+I55、B17+I56、B17+I57、B17+I58、B17+I59、B17+I60、B17+I61、B17+I62、B17+I63、B17+I64、B17+I65、B17+I66、B17+I67、B17+I68、B17+I69、B17+I70、B17+I71、B17+I72、B17+I73、B17+I74、B17+I75、B17+I76、B17+I77、B17+I78、B17+I79、B17+I80、B17+I81、B17+I82、B17+I83、B17+I84、B17+I85、B17+I86、B17+I87、B17+I88、B17+I89、B17+I90、B17+I91、B17+I92、B17+I93、B17+I94、B17+I95、B17+I152、B17+I153、B17+I154、B17+I155、B17+I187、B17+I188、B17+I189、B17+I190;
B18+I1、B18+I2、B18+I3、B18+I4、B18+I5、B18+I6、B18+I7、B18+I8、B18+I9、B18+B180、B18+I11、B18+I12、B18+I13、B18+I14、B18+I15、B18+I16、B18+I17、B18+I18、B18+I19、B18+I20、B18+I21、B18+I22、B18+I23、B18+I24、B18+I25、B18+I26、B18+I27、B18+I28、B18+I29、B18+I30、B18+I31、B18+I32、B18+I33、B18+I34、B18+I35、B18+I36、B18+I37、B18+I38、B18+I39、B18+I40、B18+I41、B18+I42、B18+I43、B18+I44、B18+I45、B18+I46、B18+I47、B18+I48、B18+I49、B18+I50、B18+I51、B18+I52、B18+I53、B18+I54、B18+I55、B18+I56、B18+I57、B18+I58、B18+I59、B18+I60、B18+I61、B18+I62、B18+I63、B18+I64、B18+I65、B18+I66、B18+I67、B18+I68、B18+I69、B18+I70、B18+I71、B18+I72、B18+I73、B18+I74、B18+I75、B18+I76、B18+I77、B18+I78、B18+I79、B18+I80、B18+I81、B18+I82、B18+I83、B18+I84、B18+I85、B18+I86、B18+I87、B18+I88、B18+I89、B18+I90、B18+I91、B18+I92、B18+I93、B18+I94、B18+I95、B18+I152、B18+I153、B18+I154、B18+I155、B18+I187、B18+I188、B18+I189、B18+I190;
B19+I1、B19+I2、B19+I3、B19+I4、B19+I5、B19+I6、B19+I7、B19+I8、B19+I9、B19+B190、B19+I11、B19+I12、B19+I13、B19+I14、B19+I15、B19+I16、B19+I17、B19+I18、B19+I19、B19+I20、B19+I21、B19+I22、B19+I23、B19+I24、B19+I25、B19+I26、B19+I27、B19+I28、B19+I29、B19+I30、B19+I31、B19+I32、B19+I33、B19+I34、B19+I35、B19+I36、B19+I37、B19+I38、B19+I39、B19+I40、B19+I41、B19+I42、B19+I43、B19+I44、B19+I45、B19+I46、B19+I47、B19+I48、B19+I49、B19+I50、B19+I51、B19+I52、B19+I53、B19+I54、B19+I55、B19+I56、B19+I57、B19+I58、B19+I59、B19+I60、B19+I61、B19+I62、B19+I63、B19+I64、B19+I65、B19+I66、B19+I67、B19+I68、B19+I69、B19+I70、B19+I71、B19+I72、B19+I73、B19+I74、B19+I75、B19+I76、B19+I77、B19+I78、B19+I79、B19+I80、B19+I81、B19+I82、B19+I83、B19+I84、B19+I85、B19+I86、B19+I87、B19+I88、B19+I89、B19+I90、B19+I91、B19+I92、B19+I93、B19+I94、B19+I95、B19+I152、B19+I153、B19+I154、B19+I155、B19+I187、B19+I188、B19+I189、B19+I190;
B20+I1、B20+I2、B20+I3、B20+I4、B20+I5、B20+I6、B20+I7、B20+I8、B20+I9、B20+B200、B20+I11、B20+I12、B20+I13、B20+I14、B20+I15、B20+I16、B20+I17、B20+I18、B20+I19、B20+I20、B20+I21、B20+I22、B20+I23、B20+I24、B20+I25、B20+I26、B20+I27、B20+I28、B20+I29、B20+I30、B20+I31、B20+I32、B20+I33、B20+I34、B20+I35、B20+I36、B20+I37、B20+I38、B20+I39、B20+I40、B20+I41、B20+I42、B20+I43、B20+I44、B20+I45、B20+I46、B20+I47、B20+I48、B20+I49、B20+I50、B20+I51、B20+I52、B20+I53、B20+I54、B20+I55、B20+I56、B20+I57、B20+I58、B20+I59、B20+I60、B20+I61、B20+I62、B20+I63、B20+I64、B20+I65、B20+I66、B20+I67、B20+I68、B20+I69、B20+I70、B20+I71、B20+I72、B20+I73、B20+I74、B20+I75、B20+I76、B20+I77、B20+I78、B20+I79、B20+I80、B20+I81、B20+I82、B20+I83、B20+I84、B20+I85、B20+I86、B20+I87、B20+I88、B20+I89、B20+I90、B20+I91、B20+I92、B20+I93、B20+I94、B20+I95、B20+I152、B20+I153、B20+I154、B20+I155、B20+I187、B20+I188、B20+I189、B20+I190。
最优选地,本发明的组合物选自:
B1+I8、B1+I15、B1+I21、B1+I27、B1+I35、B1+I77、B1+I94、B1+I95、B1+I152、B1+I153、B1+I155,
B2+I8、B2+I15、B2+I21、B2+I27、B2+I35、B2+I77、B2+I94、B2+I95、B2+I152、B2+I153、B2+I155,
B3+I8、B3+I15、B3+I21、B3+I27、B3+I35、B3+I77、B3+I94、B3+I95、B3+I152、B3+I153、B3+I155,
B4+I8、B4+I15、B4+I21、B4+I27、B4+I35、B4+I77、B4+I94、B4+I95、B4+I152、B4+I153、B4+I155,
B5+I8、B5+I15、B5+I21、B5+I27、B5+I35、B5+I77、B5+I94、B5+I95、B5+I152、B5+I153、B5+I155,
B6+I8、B6+I15、B6+I21、B6+I27、B6+I35、B6+I77、B6+I94、B6+I95、B6+I152、B6+I153、B6+I155,
B7+I8、B7+I15、B7+I21、B7+I27、B7+I35、B7+I77、B7+I94、B7+I95、B7+I152、B7+I153、B7+I155,
B8+I8、B8+I15、B8+I21、B8+I27、B8+I35、B8+I77、B8+I94、B8+I95、B8+I152、B8+I153、B8+I155,
B9+I8、B9+I15、B9+I21、B9+I27、B9+I35、B9+I77、B9+I94、B9+I95、B9+I152、B9+I153、B9+I155,
B10+I8、B10+I15、B10+I21、B10+I27、B10+I35、B10+I77、B10+I94、B10+I95、B10+I152、B10+I153、B10+I155,
B11+I8、B11+I15、B11+I21、B11+I27、B11+I35、B11+I77、B11+I94、B11+I95、B11+I152、B11+I153、B11+I155,
B12+I8、B12+I15、B12+I21、B12+I27、B12+I35、B12+I77、B12+I94、B12+I95、B12+I152、B12+I153、B12+I155,
B13+I8、B13+I15、B13+I21、B13+I27、B13+I35、B13+I77、B13+I94、B13+I95、B13+I152、B13+I153、B13+I155,
B14+I8、B14+I15、B14+I21、B14+I27、B14+I35、B14+I77、B14+I94、B14+I95、B14+I152、B14+I153、B14+I155,
B15+I8、B15+I15、B15+I21、B15+I27、B15+I35、B15+I77、B15+I94、B15+I95、B15+I152、B15+I153、B15+I155,
B16+I8、B16+I15、B16+I21、B16+I27、B16+I35、B16+I77、B16+I94、B16+I95、B16+I152、B16+I153、B16+I155,
B17+I8、B17+I15、B17+I21、B17+I27、B17+I35、B17+I77、B17+I94、B17+I95、B17+I152、B17+I153、B17+I155,
B18+I8、B18+I15、B18+I21、B18+I27、B18+I35、B18+I77、B18+I94、B18+I95、B18+I152、B18+I153、B18+I155,
B19+I8、B19+I15、B19+I21、B19+I27、B19+I35、B19+I77、B19+I94、B19+I95、B19+I152、B19+I153、B19+I155,
B20+I8、B20+I15、B20+I21、B20+I27、B20+I35、B20+I77、B20+I94、B20+I95、B20+I152、B20+I153、B20+I155。
更优选地,根据本发明的组合物选自:
B1+I15、B1+I21、B1+I95、B1+I152、B2+I15、B2+I21、B2+I95、B2+I152、B3+I15、B3+I21、B3+I95、B3+I152、B4+I15、B4+I21、B4+I95、B4+I152、B5+I15、B5+I21、B5+I95、B5+I152、B6+I15、B6+I21、B6+I95、B6+I152、B7+I15、B7+I21、B7+I95、B7+I152、B8+I15、B8+I21、B8+I95、B8+I152、B9+I15、B9+I21、B9+I95、B9+I152、B10+I15、B10+I21、B10+I95、B10+I152、B11+I15、B11+I21、B11+I95、B11+I152、B12+I15、B12+I21、B12+I95、B12+I152、B13+I15、B13+I21、B13+I95、B13+I152、B14+I15、B14+I21、B14+I95、B14+I152、B15+I15、B15+I21、B15+I95、B15+I152、B16+I15、B16+I21、B16+I95、B16+I152、B17+I15、B17+I21、B17+I95、B17+I152、B18+I15、B18+I21、B18+I95、B18+I152、B19+I15、B19+I21、B19+I95、B19+I152、B20+I15、B20+I21、B20+I95和B20+I152。
更优选地,本发明的组合物选自:
B16+I15、B9+I15、B3+I15、B9+I21、B3+I21、B3+I95、B9+I95、B16+I95、B19+I95、B9+I152、B3+I152和B19+I152。在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述组合物还包括至少一种杀菌剂,条件是该生物防治剂和该杀菌剂不相同。
杀菌剂
通常,“杀菌”指物质提高菌类死亡率或抑制其生长率的能力。
术语“菌类”包括广泛的缺乏叶绿素的、可产生孢子的有核微生物。例如酵母、霉菌(mold)、霉菌(mildew)锈菌和蘑菇。
优选地,选择的杀菌剂不应对本发明的生物防治剂具有任何杀菌活性。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,优选的杀菌剂选自:
(1)麦角固醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(F1)aldimorph(1704-28-5)、(F2)氧环唑(azaconazole)(60207-31-0)、(F3)联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)(55179-31-2)、(F4)糠菌唑(bromuconazole)(116255-48-2)、(F5)环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)(113096-99-4)、(F6)苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)(75736-33-3)、(F7)苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)(119446-68-3)、(F8)烯唑醇(diniconazole)(83657-24-3)、(F9)高效烯唑醇(diniconazole-M)(83657-18-5)、(F10)十二环吗啉(dodemorph)(1593-77-7)、(F11)十二环吗啉乙酸盐(31717-87-0)、(F12)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)(106325-08-0)、(F13)乙环唑(etaconazole)(60207-93-4)、(F14)氯苯嘧啶醇(fenarimol)(60168-88-9)、(F15)腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)(114369-43-6)、(F16)环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)(126833-17-8)、(F17)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)(67306-00-7)、(F18)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)(67306-03-0)、(F19)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)(136426-54-5)、(F20)抑嘧醇(flurprimidole)(56425-91-3)、(F21)氟硅唑(flusilazole)(85509-19-9)、(F22)粉唑醇(flutriafol)(76674-21-0)、(F23)呋菌唑(furconazole)(112839-33-5)、(F24)呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)(112839-32-4)、(F25)己唑醇(hexaconazole)(79983-71-4)、(F26)抑霉唑(imazalil)(60534-80-7)、(F27)抑霉唑硫酸盐(58594-72-2)、(F28)亚胺唑(imibenconazole)(86598-92-7)、(F29)种菌唑(ipconazole)(125225-28-7)、(F30)叶菌唑(metconazole)(125116-23-6)、(F31)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)(88671-89-0)、(F32)萘替芬(naftifine)(65472-88-0)、(F33)氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)(63284-71-9)、(F34)恶咪唑(oxpoconazole)(174212-12-5)、(F35)多效唑(paclobutrazol)(76738-62-0)、(F36)稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)(101903-30-4)、(F37)戊菌唑(penconazole)(66246-88-6)、(F38)粉病灵(piperalin)(3478-94-2)、(F39)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)(67747-09-5)、(F40)丙环唑(propiconazole)(60207-90-1)、(F41)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)(178928-70-6)、(F42)稗草丹(pyributicarb)(88678-67-5)、(F43)啶斑肟(pyrifenox)(88283-41-4)、(F44)唑喹菌酮(quinconazole)(103970-75-8)、(F45)硅氟唑(simeconazole)(149508-90-7)、(F46)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)(118134-30-8)、(F47)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)(107534-96-3)、(F48)特比萘芬(terbinafine)(91161-71-6)、(F49)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)(112281-77-3)、(F50)三唑酮(triadimefon)(43121-43-3)、(F51)三唑醇(triadimenol)(89482-17-7)、(F52)十三吗啉(tridemorph)(81412-43-3)、(F53)氟菌唑(triflumizole)(68694-11-1)、(F54)嗪氨灵(triforine)(26644-46-2)、(F55)灭菌唑(triticonazole)(131983-72-7)、(F56)烯效唑(uniconazole)(83657-22-1)、(F57)烯效唑-p(83657-17-4)、(F58)烯霜苄唑(viniconazole)(77174-66-4)、(F59)伏立康唑(voriconazole)(137234-62-9)、(F60)1-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)环庚醇(129586-32-9)、(F61)1-(2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(110323-95-0)、(F62)N'-{5-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-4-[3-(三甲基硅烷基)丙氧基]苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基酰亚胺基甲酰胺、(F63)N-乙基-N-甲基-N'-{2-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-4-[3-(三甲基硅烷基)丙氧基]苯基}-亚胺基甲酰胺、(F64)O-[1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-基]1H-咪唑-1-硫代羧酸酯(111226-71-2);
(2)呼吸链复合物I或II抑制剂,例如(F65)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)(581809-46-3)、(F66)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)(188425-85-6)、(F67)萎锈灵(carboxin)(5234-68-4)、(F68)氟嘧菌胺(diflumetorim)(130339-07-0)、(F69)甲呋酰胺(fenfuram)(24691-80-3)、(F70)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)(658066-35-4)、(F71)氟酰胺(flutolanil)(66332-96-5)、(F72)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)(907204-31-3)、(F73)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)(123572-88-3)、(F74)拌种胺(furmecyclox)(60568-05-0)、(F75)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS、4SR、9RS与反式差向异构外消旋体1RS、4SR、9SR的混合物)(881685-58-1)、(F76)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(F77)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9S)、(F78)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9R)、(F79)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(F80)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9R)、(F81)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9S)、(F82)灭锈胺(mepronil)(55814-41-0)、(F83)氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)(5259-88-1)、(F84)戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)(494793-67-8)、(F85)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)(183675-82-3)、(F86)sedaxane(874967-67-6)、(F87)噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)(130000-40-7)、(F88)1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F89)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F90)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4-氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F91)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(1092400-95-7)、(F92)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]氧}苯基)乙基]喹唑啉-4-胺(1210070-84-0)、(F93)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(F94)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F95)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F96)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F97)1,3,5-三甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F98)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F99)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(1S)-1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F100)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(1R)-1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F101)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F102)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F103)1,3,5-三甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F104)1,3,5-三甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
(3)呼吸链复合物III抑制剂,例如(F105)唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)(865318-97-4)、(F106)吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)(348635-87-0)、(F107)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)(131860-33-8)、(F108)氰霜唑(cyazofamid)(120116-88-3)、(F109)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)(850881-30-0)、(F110)丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)(850881-70-8)、(F111)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)(141600-52-4)、(F112)烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)(238410-11-2)、(F113)噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)(131807-57-3)、(F114)咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)(161326-34-7)、(F115)菌螨酯(fenoxystrobin)(918162-02-4)、(F116)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)(361377-29-9)、(F117)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)(143390-89-0)、(F118)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)(133408-50-1)、(F119)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)(189892-69-1)、(F120)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)(117428-22-5)、(F121)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)(175013-18-0)、(F122)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)(915410-70-7)、(F123)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)(862588-11-2)、(F124)吡菌苯威(pyribencarb)(799247-52-2)、(F125)triclopyricarb(902760-40-1)、(F126)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)(141517-21-7)、(F127)(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基]氧}苯基)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(F128)(2E)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基}氨基)氧]甲基}苯基)乙酰胺、(F129)(2E)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基}亚氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酰胺(158169-73-4)、(F130)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙基]氧}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺(326896-28-0)、(F131)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-二氯苯基)亚丁-3-烯-2-基]氨基}氧)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(F132)2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺(119899-14-8)、(F133)5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基}氨基)氧]甲基}苯基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮、(F134)(2E)-2-{2-[({环丙基[(4-甲氧基苯基)亚氨基]甲基}硫烷基)甲基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙-2-烯酸甲酯(149601-03-6)、(F135)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基)-3-(甲酰氨基)-2-羟基苯甲酰胺(226551-21-9)、(F136)2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(173662-97-0)、(F137)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(394657-24-0);
(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,例如(F138)苯菌灵(benomyl)(17804-35-2)、(F139)多菌灵(carbendazim)(10605-21-7)、(F140)苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)(3574-96-7)、(F141)乙霉威(diethofencarb)(87130-20-9)、(F142)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)(162650-77-3)、(F143)氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)(239110-15-7)、(F144)麦穗宁(fuberidazole)(3878-19-1)、(F145)戊菌隆(pencycuron)(66063-05-6)、(F146)噻菌灵(thiabendazole)(148-79-8)、(F147)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)(23564-05-8)、(F148)硫菌灵(thiophanate)(23564-06-9)、(F149)苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)(156052-68-5)、(F150)5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(214706-53-3)、(F151)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪(1002756-87-7);
(5)具有多位点作用的化合物,例如(F152)波尔多混合液(8011-63-0)、(F153)敌菌丹(captafol)(2425-06-1)、(F154)克菌丹(captan)(133-06-2)、(F155)百菌清(chlorothalonil)(1897-45-6)、(F156)氢氧化铜(20427-59-2)、(F157)环烷酸铜(1338-02-9)、(F158)氧化铜(1317-39-1)、(F159)氧氯化铜(copper oxychloride)(1332-40-7)、(F160)硫酸铜(II)(7758-98-7)、(F161)苯氟磺胺(dichlofluanid)(1085-98-9)、(F162)二氰蒽醌(dithianon)(3347-22-6)、(F163)多果定(dodine)(2439-10-3)、(F164)多果定游离碱、(F165)福美铁(ferbam)(14484-64-1)、(F166)氟灭菌丹(fluorofolpet)(719-96-0)、(F167)灭菌丹(folpet)(133-07-3)、(F168)双胍辛盐(guazatine)(108173-90-6)、(F169)双胍辛乙酸盐(guazatine acetate)、(F170)双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)(13516-27-3)、(F171)双胍辛烷基苯磺酸盐(iminoctadine albesilate)(169202-06-6)、(F172)双胍辛胺三乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)(57520-17-9)、(F173)代森锰铜(mancopper)(53988-93-5)、(F174)代森锰锌(mancozeb)(8018-01-7)、(F175)代森锰(maneb)(12427-38-2)、(F176)代森联(metiram)(9006-42-2)、(F177)代森联锌(metiram zinc)(9006-42-2)、(F178)喹啉铜(oxine-copper)(10380-28-6)、(F179)丙烷脒(propamidine)(104-32-5)、(F180)丙森锌(propineb)(12071-83-9)、(F181)硫和硫制剂包括多硫化钙(7704-34-9)、(F182)福美双(thiram)(137-26-8)、(F183)甲苯磺菌胺(tolylfluanid)(731-27-1)、(F184)代森锌(zineb)(12122-67-7)、(F185)福美锌(ziram)(137-30-4);
(6)能诱导宿主防御的化合物,例如(F186)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)(135158-54-2)、(F187)异噻菌胺(isotianil)(224049-04-1)、(F188)烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)(27605-76-1)、(F189)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)(223580-51-6);
(7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,例如(F190)胺扑灭(andoprim)(23951-85-1)、(F191)灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)(2079-00-7)、(F192)嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)(121552-61-2)、(F193)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)(6980-18-3)、(F194)春雷霉素盐酸盐一水合物(19408-46-9)、(F195)嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)(110235-47-7)、(F196)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)(53112-28-0)、(F197)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉(861647-32-7);
(8)ATP产生抑制剂,例如(F198)三苯基乙酸锡(fentin acetate)(900-95-8)、(F199)三苯基氯化锡(fentin chloride)(639-58-7)、(F200)毒菌锡(fentin hydroxide)(76-87-9)、(F201)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)(175217-20-6);
(9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如(F202)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)(177406-68-7)、(F203)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)(110488-70-5)、(F204)氟吗啉(flumorph)(211867-47-9)、(F205)异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)(140923-17-7)、(F206)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)(374726-62-2)、(F207)多抗霉素(polyoxins)(11113-80-7)、(F208)多氧霉素(polyoxorim)(22976-86-9)、(F209)有效霉素A(validamycin A)(37248-47-8)、(F210)valifenalate(283159-94-4;283159-90-0);
(10)脂类和膜合成抑制剂,例如(F211)联苯(92-52-4)、(F212)地茂散(chloroneb)(2675-77-6)、(F213)氯硝胺(dicloran)(99-30-9)、(F214)敌瘟磷(edifenphos)(17109-49-8)、(F215)土菌灵(etridiazole)(2593-15-9)、(F216)iodocarb(55406-53-6)、(F217)异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)(26087-47-8)、(F218)稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)(50512-35-1)、(F219)霜霉威(propamocarb)(25606-41-1)、(F220)霜霉威盐酸盐(25606-41-1)、(F221)硫菌威(prothiocarb)(19622-08-3)、(F222)吡菌磷(pyrazophos)(13457-18-6)、(F223)五氯硝基苯(quintozene)(82-68-8)、(F224)四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)(117-18-0)、(F225)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)(57018-04-9);
(11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(F226)环丙酰菌胺(capropamid)(104030-54-8)、(F227)双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)(139920-32-4)、(F228)氰菌胺(fenoxanil)(115852-48-7)、(F229)四氯苯酞(phthalid)(27355-22-2)、(F230)咯喹酮(pyroquilon)(57369-32-1)、(F231)三环唑(tricyclazole)(41814-78-2)、(F232)2,2,2-三氟乙基{3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氨基]丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯(851524-22-6);
(12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(F233)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)(71626-11-4)、(F234)高效苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)(kiralaxyl)(98243-83-5)、(F235)乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)(41483-43-6)、(F236)clozylacon(67932-85-8)、(F237)二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)(5221-53-4)、(F238)乙嘧酚(ethirimol)(23947-60-6)、(F239)呋霜灵(furalaxyl)(57646-30-7)、(F240)恶霉灵(hymexazole)(10004-44-1)、(F241)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)(57837-19-1)、(F242)高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(精甲霜灵(mefenoxam))(70630-17-0)、(F243)呋酰胺(ofurace)(58810-48-3)、(F244)噁霜灵(oxadixyl)(77732-09-3)、(F245)喹菌酮(oxolinic acid)(14698-29-4);
(13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(F246)乙菌利(chlozolinate)(84332-86-5)、(F247)拌种咯(fenpiclonil)(74738-17-3)、(F248)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)(131341-86-1)、(F249)异菌脲(iprodione)(36734-19-7)、(F250)腐霉利(procymidone)(32809-16-8)、(F251)苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)(124495-18-7)、(F252)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)(50471-44-8);
(14)能作为解偶剂的化合物,例如(F253)乐杀螨(binapacryl)(485-31-4)、(F254)敌螨普(dinocap)(131-72-6)、(F255)嘧菌腙(ferimzone)(89269-64-7)、(F256)氟啶胺(fluazinam)(79622-59-6)、(F257)消螨多(meptyldinocap)(131-72-6);
(15)其他化合物,例如(F258)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)(21564-17-0)、(F259)bethoxazin(163269-30-5)、(F260)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)(70694-08-5)、(F261)香芹酮(carvone)(99-49-0)、(F262)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)(2439-01-2)、(F263)pyriofenone(chlazafenone)(688046-61-9)、(F264)硫杂灵(cufraneb)(11096-18-7)、(F265)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)(180409-60-3)、(F266)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)(57966-95-7)、(F267)啶酰菌胺(cyprosulfamide)(221667-31-8)、(F268)棉隆(dazomet)(533-74-4)、(F269)咪菌威(debacarb)(62732-91-6)、(F270)双氯酚(dichlorophen)(97-23-4)、(F271)哒菌酮(diclomezine)(62865-36-5)、(F272)野燕枯(difenzoquat)(49866-87-7)、(F273)野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(43222-48-6)、(F724)二苯胺(diphenylamine)(122-39-4)、(F275)ecomate、(F276)胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)(473798-59-3)、(F277)氟酰菌胺(flumetover)(154025-04-4)、(F278)氟氯菌核利(fluoroimide)(41205-21-4)、(F279)磺菌胺(flusulfamide)(106917-52-6)、(F280)flutianil(304900-25-2)、(F281)乙膦酸铝(39148-24-8)、(F282)乙膦酸钙、(F283)乙膦酸钠(39148-16-8)、(F284)六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)(118-74-1)、(F285)人间霉素(irumamycin)(81604-73-1)、(F286)磺菌威(methasulphocarb)(66952-49-6)、(F287)异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)(556-61-6)、(F288)苯菌酮(metrafenone)(220899-03-6)、(F289)灭粉霉素(mildiomycin)(67527-71-3)、(F290)纳他霉素(natamycin)(7681-93-8)、(F291)二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸镍(nickel dimethyl dithiocarbamate)(15521-65-0)、(F292)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)(10552-74-6)、(F293)辛噻酮(octhilinone)(26530-20-1)、(F294)oxamocarb(917242-12-7)、(F295)oxyfenthiin(34407-87-9)、(F296)五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol)及其盐(87-86-5)、(F297)苯氧司林(phenothrin)、(F298)磷酸及其盐(13598-36-2)、(F299)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(F300)propanosine-sodium(88498-02-6)、(F301)丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)(189278-12-4)、(F302)吡吗啉(pyrimorph)(868390-90-3)、(F303)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(1231776-28-5)、(F304)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(1231776-29-6)、(F305)硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolnitrin)(1018-71-9)、(F306)异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)(376645-78-2)、(F307)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)(76280-91-6)、(F308)甲磺菌胺(tolnifanide)(304911-98-6)、(F309)咪唑嗪(triazoxide)(72459-58-6)、(F310)水杨菌胺(trichlamide)(70193-21-4)、(F311)氰菌胺(zarilamid)(84527-51-5)、(F312)2-甲基丙酸(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[({3-[(异丁酰基氧)甲氧基]-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基}羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基酯(517875-34-2)、(F313)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮(1003319-79-6)、(F314)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮(1003319-80-9)、(F315)1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮(1003318-67-9)、(F316)1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-基1H-咪唑-1-羧酸酯(111227-17-9)、(F317)2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲磺酰基)吡啶(13108-52-6)、(F318)2,3-二丁基-6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮(221451-58-7)、(F319)2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c:5,6-c']二吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮、(F320)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮(1003316-53-7)、(F321)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮(1003316-54-8)、(F322)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-{4-[4-(5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基)-1,3-噻唑-2-基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮(1003316-51-5)、(F323)2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基-4H-色烯-4-酮、(F324)2-氯-5-[2-氯-1-(2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基]吡啶、(F325)2-苯基苯酚和盐(90-43-7)、(F326)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉(861647-85-0)、(F327)3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈(17824-85-0)、(F328)3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基-1,2-噁唑烷-3-基]吡啶、(F329)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(F330)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(F331)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(F332)5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩-2-磺酰肼(134-31-6)、(F333)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧]嘧啶-4-胺(1174376-11-4)、(F334)5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苯甲基)氧]嘧啶-4-胺(1174376-25-0)、(F335)5-甲基-6-辛基[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-胺、(F336)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙-2-烯酸乙酯、(F337)N'-(4-{[3-(4-氯苄基)-1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基]氧}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(F338)N-(4-氯苄基)-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]丙酰胺、(F339)N-[(4-氯苯基)(氰基)甲基]-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]丙酰胺、(F340)N-[(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,4-二氯吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F341)N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2,4-二氯吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F342)N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2-氟-4-碘吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F343)N-{(E)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺(221201-92-9)、(F344)N-{(Z)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺(221201-92-9)、(F345)N'-{4-[(3-叔丁基-4-氰基-1,2-噻唑-5-基)氧]-2-氯-5-甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(F346)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺(922514-49-6)、(F347)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺(922514-07-6)、(F348)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺(922514-48-5)、(F349){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸戊酯、(F350)吩嗪-1-羧酸、(F351)喹啉-8-醇(134-31-6)、(F352)喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)(134-31-6)、(F353){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
(16)其他化合物,例如(F354)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F355)N-(4'-氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F356)N-(2',4'-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F357)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F358)N-(2',5'-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F359)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F360)5-氟-1,3-二甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F361)2-氯-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F362)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F363)N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F364)3-(二氟甲基)-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F365)N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F366)2-氯-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F367)2-氯-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F368)4-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰胺、(F369)5-氟-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F370)2-氯-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F371)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F372)5-氟-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F373)2-氯-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(F374)(5-溴-2-甲氧基-4-甲基吡啶-3-基)(2,3,4-三甲氧基-6-甲基苯基)甲酮、(F375)N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔-1-基]氧}-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N-2-(甲磺酰基)缬氨酰胺(220706-93-4)、(F376)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、(F377){6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸丁-3-炔-1-基酯、(F378)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(异构体形式:6-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(F379)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯和(F380)Oryzastrobin。
上述(1)到(16)类中所有被命名的杀菌剂(即F1到F380),如果其官能团允许,可任选地与合适的碱或酸形成盐。
在本发明优选实施方案中,所述至少一种杀菌剂是合成杀菌剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述组合物包含两种或更多种杀菌剂。在优选实施方案中,所述组合物包含上述优选杀真菌剂中的两种或更多种。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,所述杀真菌剂选自:
(1)麦角固醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(F3)联苯三唑醇、(F4)糠菌唑(116255-48-2)、(F5)环丙唑醇(113096-99-4)、(F7)苯醚甲环唑(119446-68-3)、(F12)氟环唑(106325-08-0)、(F16)环酰菌胺(126833-17-8)、(F17)苯锈啶(67306-00-7)、(F18)丁苯吗啉(67306-03-0)、(F19)氟喹唑(136426-54-5)、(F22)粉唑醇、(F26)抑霉唑、(F29)种菌唑(125225-28-7)、(F30)叶菌唑(125116-23-6)、(F31)腈菌唑(88671-89-0)、(F37)戊菌唑(66246-88-6)、(F39)咪鲜胺(67747-09-5)、(F40)丙环唑(60207-90-1)、(F41)丙硫菌唑(178928-70-6)、(F44)唑喹菌酮(103970-75-8)、(F46)螺环菌胺(118134-30-8)、(F47)戊唑醇(107534-96-3)、(F51)三唑醇(89482-17-7)、(F55)灭菌唑(131983-72-7);
(2)呼吸链复合物I或II抑制剂,例如(F65)联苯吡菌胺(581809-46-3)、(F66)啶酰菌胺(188425-85-6)、(F67)萎锈灵(5234-68-4)、(F70)氟吡菌酰胺(658066-35-4)、(F71)氟酰胺(66332-96-5)、(F72)氟唑菌酰胺(907204-31-3)、(F73)呋吡菌胺(123572-88-3)、(F75)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS与反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)(881685-58-1)、(F76)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(F77)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9S)、(F78)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9R)、(F79)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(F80)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9R)、(F81)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9S)(F84)戊苯吡菌胺(494793-67-8)、(F85)吡噻菌胺(183675-82-3)、(F86)sedaxane(874967-67-6)、(F87)噻氟菌胺(130000-40-7)、(F91)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(1092400-95-7)、(F98)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F99)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(1S)-1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F100)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(1R)-1,3,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F101)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(F102)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
(3)呼吸链复合物III抑制剂,例如(F105)唑嘧菌胺(865318-97-4)、(F106)吲唑磺菌胺(348635-87-0)、(F107)嘧菌酯(131860-33-8)、(F108)氰霜唑(120116-88-3)、(F111)醚菌胺(141600-52-4)、(F112)烯肟菌酯(238410-11-2)、(F113)噁唑菌酮(131807-57-3)、(F114)咪唑菌酮(161326-34-7)、(F116)氟嘧菌酯(361377-29-9)、(F117)醚菌酯(143390-89-0)、(F118)苯氧菌胺(133408-50-1)、(F119)肟醚菌胺(189892-69-1)、(F120)啶氧菌酯(117428-22-5)、(F121)唑菌胺酯(175013-18-0)、(F124)吡菌苯威(799247-52-2)、(F126)肟菌酯(141517-21-7);
(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,例如(F139)多菌灵(10605-21-7)、(F140)苯咪唑菌(3574-96-7)、(F141)乙霉威(87130-20-9)、(F142)噻唑菌胺(162650-77-3)、(F143)氟吡菌胺、(F144)麦穗宁(3878-19-1)、(F145)戊菌隆(66063-05-6)、(F147)甲基硫菌灵(23564-05-8)、(F149)苯酰菌胺(156052-68-5);
(5)具有多位点作用的化合物,例如(F154)克菌丹(133-06-2)、(F155)百菌清(1897-45-6)、(F156)氢氧化铜(20427-59-2)、(F159)氧氯化铜(1332-40-7)、(F162)二氰蒽醌(3347-22-6)、(F163)多果定(2439-10-3)、(F167)灭菌丹(133-07-3)、(F168)双胍辛盐(108173-90-6)、(F172)双胍辛胺三乙酸盐(57520-17-9)、(F174)代森锰锌(8018-01-7)、(F180)丙森锌(12071-83-9)、(F181)硫和硫制剂包括多硫化钙(7704-34-9)、(F182)福美双(137-26-8);
(6)能诱导宿主防御的化合物,例如(F186)苯并噻二唑(135158-54-2)、(F187)异噻菌胺(224049-04-1)、(F189)噻酰菌胺(223580-51-6);
(7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,例如(F192)嘧菌环胺(121552-61-2)、(F196)嘧霉胺(53112-28-0);
(9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如(F202)苯噻菌胺(177406-68-7)、(F203)烯酰吗啉(110488-70-5)、(F205)异丙菌胺(140923-17-7)、(F206)双炔酰菌胺(374726-62-2)、(F210)valifenalate(283159-94-4;283159-90-0);
(10)脂类和膜合成抑制剂,例如(F216)iodocarb(55406-53-6)、(F217)异稻瘟净(26087-47-8)、(F220)霜霉威盐酸盐(25606-41-1)、(F225)甲基立枯磷;
(11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(F226)环丙酰菌胺;
(12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(F233)苯霜灵(71626-11-4)、(F234)高效苯霜灵(kiralaxyl)(98243-83-5)、(F239)呋霜灵(57646-30-7)、(F240)恶霉灵(10004-44-1)、(F241)甲霜灵(57837-19-1)、(F242)高效甲霜灵(精甲霜灵)(70630-17-0)、(F244)噁霜灵(77732-09-3);
(13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(F247)拌种咯(74738-17-3)、(F248)咯菌腈(131341-86-1)、(F249)异菌脲(36734-19-7)、(F251)苯氧喹啉(124495-18-7)、(F252)乙烯菌核利(50471-44-8);
(14)能作为解偶剂的化合物,例如(F256)氟啶胺(79622-59-6);
(15)其他化合物,例如(F266)霜脲氰(57966-95-7)、(F280)flutianil(304900-25-2)、(F281)乙膦酸铝(39148-24-8)、(F286)磺菌威(66952-49-6)、(F287)异硫氰酸甲酯(556-61-6)、(F288)苯菌酮(220899-03-6)、(F298)磷酸及其盐(13598-36-2)、(F301)丙氧喹啉(189278-12-4)、(F309)咪唑嗪(72459-58-6)、(F319)2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c:5,6-c']二吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,杀菌剂例如用于种子处理的杀菌剂选自(F139)多菌灵、(F67)萎锈灵、(F7)苯醚甲环唑、(F248)咯菌腈、(F19)氟喹唑、(F72)氟唑菌酰胺、(F29)种菌唑、(F187)异噻菌胺、(F242)精甲霜灵、(F241)甲霜灵、(F145)戊菌隆、(F84)戊苯吡菌胺、(F41)丙硫菌唑、(F39)咪鲜胺、(F121)唑菌胺酯、(F86)sedaxane、(F201)硅噻菌胺、(F47)戊唑醇、(F182)福美双、(F126)肟菌酯和(F55)灭菌唑。
其他添加剂
本发明的一个方面提供上述的一种组合物,其还包括至少一种选自填充剂(extender)、溶剂、自发性促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防霜剂、增稠剂和佐剂的助剂。这些组合物被称为“制剂”。
相应地,在本发明的一方面中,提供所述制剂及由其制备的施用形式作为作物保护试剂和/或农药剂,例如浸泡、滴液和喷雾液,其中包含本发明的组合物。所述施用形式可包括其他作物保护试剂和/或农药剂,和/或增强活性的佐剂,例如渗透剂,其实例是植物油(如油菜籽油、向日葵籽油)、矿物油(如液体石蜡)、植物脂肪酸烷基酯(如油菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯)或链烷醇烷氧基化物,和/或铺展剂(spreader)如烷基硅氧烷和/或盐类,其实例是有机或无机铵盐或鏻盐(实例为硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵),和/或保持力促进剂,如磺基丁二酸二辛基酯或羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物,和/或保湿剂如甘油,和/或化肥,例如铵肥、钾肥或磷肥。
典型制剂的实例包括水溶性液体浓缩剂(SL)、乳化浓缩剂(EC)、水乳液(EW)、悬浮浓缩剂(SC、SE、FS、OD)、水分散颗粒剂(WG)、颗粒剂(GR)和胶囊浓缩剂(CS);上述和其他可能的制剂由Crop Life International)和在Pesticide Specifications,Manual ondevelopment and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides,FAO PlantProduction and Protection Papers-173(由联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织关于农药手册的联合会议制订,2004,ISBN:9251048576)中描述。除了本发明中的一种或多种活性化合物以外,所述试剂还可包括农业化学活性化合物。
本文所讨论的制剂或施用形式优选地包括助剂,例如填充剂、溶剂、自发性促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防霜剂、杀生物剂、增稠剂和/或其他助剂,例如佐剂。在本文中,佐剂是增强所述制剂的生物学作用的组分,该组分本身不具有生物学作用。佐剂的实例为促进保持、扩散、附着于叶子表面或渗透的试剂。
这些制剂通过已知方法来制备,例如通过混合所述活性化合物与助剂,例如填充剂、溶剂和/或固体载体和/或其他助剂如表面活性剂。所述制剂或者在合适的植物中制备,或者在施用前或施用中制备。
适合用作佐剂的是适于赋予所述活性化合物的制剂或从所述制剂制备的施用形式(例如,可用的作物保护试剂,例如喷雾液体或拌种)独特特性,例如某种物理、技术和/或生物特性的物质。
合适的填充剂是,例如,水、极性或非极性化学液体,例如芳香族和非芳香族烃(例如,石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇类和多元醇(如果合适,其还可被取代、醚化和/或酯化)、酮(例如丙酮、环己酮)、酯(包括脂肪和油)和(聚)醚、非取代的或取代的胺、酰胺、内酰胺(例如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)和内酯,砜和亚砜(例如,二甲基亚砜)。
如果使用的填充剂是水,还可以使用例如有机溶剂作为辅助溶剂。基本上,合适的液体溶剂为:芳香族化合物如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;芳香烃氯化物和脂肪烃氯化物如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂肪烃如环己烷或石蜡;例如石油馏分;矿物油和植物油;醇类,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮类,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜,以及水。优选的辅助溶剂选自丙酮和N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺。
原则上,可以使用所有合适的溶剂。合适的溶剂为:例如芳香烃如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;芳香烃氯化物或脂肪烃氯化物,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂肪烃,例如环己烷;石蜡;石油馏分;矿物油和植物油;醇类,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇或乙二醇,及其醚和酯;酮类,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜和水。
原则上可以使用所有合适的载体。合适的载体尤其为,例如:铵盐和粉碎的天然矿物质,例如高岭土、陶土、滑石、白垩、石英、绿坡缕石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及粉碎的合成矿物质,例如细分散硅、矾土和天然或合成硅酸盐、树脂、蜡和/或固体肥料。同样可以使用上述载体的混合物。适合形成颗粒的载体包括:例如粉碎或分级的天然矿物质,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石、白云石,以及无机和有机粉末的合成颗粒,以及有机材料颗粒如锯屑、纸、椰子壳、玉米穗轴和烟草秸秆的颗粒。
还可使用液化的气体填充剂或溶剂。特别合适的是在标准温度和压强下是气态的填充剂或载体,其实例是气溶胶喷射剂,例如卤化烃,以及丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。
乳化剂和/或发泡剂、具有离子或非离子特性的分散剂或润湿剂、或这些表面活性物质的混合物的实例为:聚丙烯酸盐、木素磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐或萘磺酸盐、环氧乙烷同脂肪醇、脂肪酸或脂肪胺、取代的苯酚(优选烷基苯酚或芳基苯酚)的缩聚物、磺基丁二酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(优选烷基牛磺酸)、聚乙氧基醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯,以及包含硫酸盐、磺酸盐和磷酸盐的化合物的衍生物,其实例为烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、蛋白质水解产物、木质素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。如果活性化合物之一和/或惰性载体之一不溶于水,并且施用发生在水中,则表面活性物质的存在是有利的。优选的乳化剂是烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚。
其他可在所述制剂及其施用形式中存在的助剂包括:着色剂,例如无机色素,其实例为氧化铁、氧化钛、普鲁士蓝,以及有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料、金属酞菁染料(metal phthalocyanine dye),以及营养素和微量营养素,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
也可以存在稳定剂,例如低温稳定剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂或其他提高化学和/或物理稳定性的试剂。此外,还可存在发泡剂和消泡剂。
此外,所述制剂及从其衍生的施用形式还可包括,粘着剂(sticker)例如羧甲基纤维素,粉状、颗粒状或胶乳状的天然或合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯,以及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂,作为附加的助剂。其他可能的助剂包括矿物油和植物油。
在所述制剂及从其衍生的施用形式中可存在其他助剂。所述添加剂的实例包括香精、保护性胶体、粘合剂(binder)、粘着剂(adhesive)、增稠剂、触变物质、渗透剂、保持力促进剂、稳定剂、螯合剂(sequestrant)、络合剂、保湿剂和铺展剂。总体来说,活性化合物可同任何通常用于制剂目的的固体或液体添加剂组合。
合适的保持力促进剂包括所有降低动态表面张力的物质,例如磺基丁二酸二辛基酯,或提高粘弹性的物质,例如羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物。
本文中合适的渗透剂包括所有通常用于增强活性农业化学化合物向植物渗透的物质。在本文中,渗透剂的定义是,其能够从(通常为水性)施用液体和/或从喷雾包被穿过植物表皮,从而提高所述活性化合物在表皮中的迁移。此特性可通过文献(Baur et al.,1997,Pesticide Science 51,131-152)中描述的方法来确定。实例包括醇的烷氧基化物,例如椰子脂肪乙氧基化物(10)或异十三烷基乙氧基化物(12);脂肪酸酯,例如油菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯;脂肪胺烷氧基化物,例如牛油脂肪胺乙氧基化物(15);或铵盐和/或鏻盐,例如硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵。
基于所述制剂的重量计,所述制剂优选地包括0.00000001~98重量%的活性化合物,或者特别优选地,0.01~95重量%的活性化合物,更优选地,0.5~90重量%的活性化合物。所述活性化合物的含量被定义为所述至少一种特定生物防治剂和至少一种特定杀虫剂之和。
由所述制剂所制备的施用形式(作物保护产品)中活性化合物的含量可在较大范围内变化。基于该施用形式的重量计,其活性化合物浓度通常为0.00000001~95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.00001~1重量%。施用根据施用形式通过常规方法进行。
部件试剂盒
在本发明的一个方面,提供了一种部件试剂盒,其包含至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)、白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(NRRL序列号B-30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B-50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种的杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂、烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,用量为协同有效量,并在空间上分开放置。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,上述部件试剂盒还包含至少一种杀菌剂,条件是所述生物防治剂与所述杀菌剂不相同。所述杀菌剂既可存在于该部件试剂盒的生物防治剂组分中,又可存在于空间上分开放置的该部件试剂盒的杀虫剂组分中,或同时存在于这两种组分中。优选地,所述杀菌剂存在于杀虫剂组分中。
此外,根据本发明的部件试剂盒还包含至少一种助剂,所述助剂选自下文所述填充剂、溶剂、自发性促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防霜剂、增稠剂和佐剂。所述至少一种助剂既可存在于该部件试剂盒的生物防治剂组分中,又可存在于空间上分开放置的该部件试剂盒的杀虫剂组分中,或者同时存在于两种组分中。
组合物的用途
在本发明的另一方面中,上述组合物被用于减少由昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的对植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失。
此外,在本发明的另一方面中,上述组合物提高了总体植物健康。
术语“植物健康”通常包括与害虫防治无关的多种植物改良。例如,可提到的有利特性是改良的作物特征,包括:出苗(emergence)、作物产量、蛋白质含量、油含量、淀粉含量、更发达的根部系统、改善的根部生长、改善的根部大小维持、改善的根部效率、改善的耐应激性(例如,耐干旱、热、盐、紫外线、水、寒冷)、乙烯减少(减少产量和/或抑制接受)、分蘖增加、植物高度增加、更大的叶片、基底部死叶减少、更强壮的分蘖、更绿的叶片颜色、色素含量、光合作用活性、所需输入减少(例如化肥或水)、所需种子减少、更高产的分蘖、开花早、谷物成熟早、植物倒伏减少、幼苗生长加快、植物更有活力、植物承受力增加、更早和更好的发芽。
对于根据本发明的使用,改善的植物健康优选地指改良植物特征,包括:作物产量、更发达的根部系统(改善的根部生长)、改善的根部大小维持、改善的根部效率、分蘖增加、植物高度增加、更大的叶片、基底部死叶减少、更强壮的分蘖、更绿的叶片颜色、光合作用活性、更高产的分蘖、植物更有活力及植物承受力增加。
对于本发明,改善的植物健康优选地特别指改良植物特征,选自:作物产量、更发达的根部系统、改善的根部生长、改善的根部大小维持、改善的根部效率、分蘖增加和植物高度增加。
如本文定义,根据本发明的组合物对植物健康的效果能够通过比较在相同环境条件下的植物的生长确定,其中将一部分所述植物用本发明组合物处理,而另一部分所述植物没有用本发明组合物处理。相反,所述的另一部分完全没有处理,或者用安慰剂处理(即不施用根据本发明的组合物,例如施用不含全部活性成分(即,不含本文所述的生物防治剂且不含本文所述的杀虫剂),或施用不含本文所述的生物防治剂,或施用不含本文所述的杀虫剂)。
本发明的组合物可以任何需要的方式施用,例如以种子包衣、土壤浸液、和/或直接施用于犁沟中和/或叶片喷雾的形式,可在出苗前、出苗后或同时使用。换言之,所述组合物能够被施用于种子、植物或收获的果实和蔬菜,或施用至植物生长的土壤,或希望其生长的土壤(植物生长地点)。
减小对植物和植物部位的整体损害通常得到更健康的植物和/或植物活力及产量提高。
优选地,根据本发明的组合物被用于处理传统植物或转基因植物或其种子。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种方法,用于减少由昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的对植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失,所述方法包括同时或按顺序施用至少一种生物防治剂,其选自Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746(NRRL序列号B-21618)、蕈状芽孢杆菌AQ726(NRRL序列号B-21664)、短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、短小芽孢杆菌AQ717(NRRL序列号B-21662)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ175(ATCC序列号55608)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ177(ATCC序列号55609)、芽孢杆菌属种AQ178(ATCC序列号53522)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ743(NRRL序列号B-21665)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ153(ATCC序列号55614)、苏云金芽孢杆菌BD#32(NRRL序列号B-21530)、苏云金芽孢杆菌AQ52(NRRL序列号B-21619)、白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)、Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)、红球菌AQ719(NRRL序列号B-21663)、鲜黄链霉菌(NRRL序列号30232)、链霉菌属种(NRRL序列号B-30145)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种BMP 123、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30004(NRRL序列号B-50455),和/或具有各菌株的全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体,和/或由各菌株产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,以及至少一种杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂选自乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂、GABA门控氯通道拮抗剂、氯通道激活剂和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,以及任选地至少一种杀菌剂,施于植物、植物部位、收获的水果、蔬菜和/或植物生长地点,用量为协同有效量,条件是所述生物防治剂和所述杀菌剂不相同。
在本方法的另一优选实施方案中,所述至少一种杀菌剂是合成杀菌剂。
本发明的方法包括以下施用方法,即上述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂都可被制备成具有农业上可接受的保质期的单一、稳定的组合物(被称为“单一制剂”),或在使用前或使用时结合到一起(被称为“结合制剂”)。
如果未另做说明,术语“结合”代表所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选地至少一种杀菌剂的各种组合,其以单一制剂、单“待混合”形式、由单一制剂组成的组合喷雾混合物形式(例如“桶混物”),特别是以依次施用的方式结合使用单个活性成分,即在合理的一小段时间(例如几小时或几天,如2小时到7天)内一种成分接着另一种成分施用。施用根据本发明的组合物的次序对于进行本发明来说并不重要。因此,术语“结合”还包括所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选至少一种杀菌剂存在于待处理的植物上或其环境、生境或贮存空间,例如,同时或依次将所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂、以及任选地所述至少一种杀菌剂施用于植物或其环境、生境或贮存空间。
如果将所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选地所述至少一种杀菌剂依次施用或使用,则优选地按照以下方法处理植物或植物部位(包括种子和从种子萌发的植物)、采收的水果和蔬菜:首先,将所述至少一种杀虫剂和任选地至少一种杀菌剂施用于植物或植物部位;其次,将所述生物防治剂施用于相同的植物或植物部位。在一个(作物)生长周期内,第一次施用和第二次施用之间的时间间隔可不同,并取决于要实现的效果。例如,首次施用是为了防止植物或植物部位被昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体侵害(这特别是处理种子的情况),或者是为了应对昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体侵害(这特别是处理植物和植物部位的情况);而第二次施用是为了防止或防治昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体侵害。在本文中,“防治”指所述生物防治剂不能完全杀死该害虫或植物病原性菌,但是能够将侵害保持在可接受的水平。
通过上述步骤,可以在被处理的植物、植物部位和收获的水果和蔬菜上达到所述至少一种具体的杀虫剂和任选地至少一种杀菌剂的非常低的残留。
如果没有另作说明,使用本发明的组合物对植物、植物部位(包括种子和从种子萌发的植物)、收获的水果和蔬菜的处理直接进行,或者通过作用于其环境、生境或贮存空间而进行,所述处理使用常规的处理方法,例如浸泡、喷雾、雾化、灌溉、蒸发、撒粉、成雾、播种、成泡、涂层、分散、浇水(浇灌)、滴灌。还可通过超低容量法将所述至少一种生物防治剂、至少一种杀虫剂和任选地至少一种杀菌剂作为单一制剂或结合制剂施用,或者将本发明的组合物作为一种组合物或单一制剂注射进土壤(犁沟中(in-furrow))。
术语“待处理的植物”包括植物的每一个部位,包括根部系统和围绕着待处理的植物的主茎或主干半径至少为10cm、20cm、30cm的材料(例如土壤和营养基),或者围绕着所述待处理植物的根部系统半径至少为10cm、20cm、30cm的的材料(例如土壤和营养基)。
与特定杀虫剂、任选地在杀菌剂存在的情况下组合使用的生物防治剂的量取决于最终的制剂和待处理的植物、植物部位、种子、收获的果蔬的大小和种类。通常,根据本发明施用或使用的生物防治剂在单一制剂或与所述至少一种杀虫剂和任选地杀菌剂组成的结合制剂中,占约2%~约80%(w/w),优选地占约5%~约75%(w/w),更优选地占约10%~约70%(w/w)。
在一个优选实施方案中,在将所述生物防治剂施用于植物或植物部位(例如,种子、水果或蔬菜)的时间点,所述生物防治剂或例如其孢子在单一制剂或结合制剂中的浓度至少为105菌落形成单位/克制备物(例如细胞/g制剂、孢子/g制剂),例如105-1012cfu/g,优选106-1011cfu/g,更加优选107-1010cfu/g,最优选109-1010cfu/g。当讨论所述至少一种生物防治剂的制剂的量和特定杀虫剂的量之间的比例时,所述生物防治剂的浓度的表示(例如,以孢子或细胞的形式)还要根据生物防治剂施用于植物或植物部位(例如,种子、水果或蔬菜)的时间点来确定。
与特定的生物防治剂、任选地存在杀菌剂组合使用的所述至少一种杀虫剂的量取决于最终的制剂及待处理的植物、植物部位、种子、收获的水果和蔬菜的大小和种类。通常,根据本发明施用或使用的杀虫剂在单一制剂或其与所述生物防治剂、任选的与所述杀菌剂组成的结合制剂中,占约0.1%-约80%(w/w),优选占1%-约60%(w/w),更优选占约10%-约50%(w/w)。
所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂以及可能存在的杀菌剂以协同重量比使用。技术人员能够通过常规方法找到本发明的协同重量比值。技术人员了解,这些比值指的是本文所述的至少一种生物防治剂和特定的杀虫剂在结合制剂中的比值和两种组分以单一制剂施用于待处理植物时的计算比值。因为在单一制剂中,所述生物防治剂和杀虫剂的体积和量分别已知,技术人员能够通过简单的数学计算得出这个比值。
所述比值可根据在将根据本发明的结合物的所述组分施用至植物或植物部位的时间点时,所述至少一种杀虫剂的量,和在将根据本发明的结合物的所述组分施用于植物或植物部位的时间点或不久之前(例如,48h、24h、12h、6h、2h、1h前)使用的生物防治剂的量计算。
只要在施用后两种组分都在植物上或内部,则将根据本发明的至少一种生物防治剂和至少一种杀虫剂向植物或植物部位的施用可同时或在不同时间进行。在所述生物防治剂和杀虫剂于不同时间施用,并且杀虫剂明显在生物防治剂之前施用的情况下,在施用该生物防治剂的时间点或之前不久,技术人员能够通过本领域中已知的化学分析方法来确定施用于植物上或内部的特定杀虫剂的浓度。反之亦然,当生物防治剂首先被施用于植物时,在施用杀虫剂的时间点或之前不久,能够通过本领域已知的检测方法来确定该生物防治剂的浓度。
特别地,在一个实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂/和所述至少一种杀虫剂的协同重量比在1∶500至1000∶1的范围内,优选在1∶500至500∶1的范围,更优选1∶500至300∶1的范围。应当注意的是,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂(将与至少一种杀虫剂或至少一种杀虫剂的制剂结合施用)的浓度约为1010细胞或孢子/克所述细胞/孢子制剂。例如,比值100∶1指100重量份的细胞/孢子浓度为1010细胞或孢子/克制剂的生物防治剂/孢子制剂与1重量份杀虫剂组合使用(或者作为单一制剂、结合制剂,或者分开施用于植物从而在植物上形成结合)。
在另一实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的协同重量比的范围为1∶100至20000∶1,优选范围为1∶50至10000∶1,甚至为1∶50至1000∶1。同样,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度为约1010细胞或孢子/克所述生物防治剂的制剂。特别地,在此实施方案中,所述生物防治剂优选地选自白色产气霉620(NRRL序列号30547)和Muscodor roseus A3-5(NRRL序列号30548)。
在另一个实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的协同重量比的范围为1:10至10000:1,优选范围为1:1至7500:1,甚至为10:1至6500:1。同样,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度为约1010细胞或孢子/克所述生物防治剂的制剂。特别地,在此实施方案中,所述生物防治剂优选为枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713(也被称为B9)。最优选地,当B9作为生物防治剂时,其与杀虫剂的协同重量比选自20:1、200:1、250:1和6250:1。
在另一实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的协同重量比的范围为1:10至5000:1,优选范围为1:5至2500:1,甚至为1:1至2000:1。同样,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度为约1010细胞或孢子/克所述生物防治剂的制剂。特别地,在此实施方案中,所述生物防治剂优选为短小芽孢杆菌QST 2808(也被称为B3)。最优选地,当B3作为生物防治剂时,其与杀虫剂的协同重量比选自1:1、5:1、62.5:1和1562.5:1。
在另一实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的协同重量比的范围为1:10至2500:1,优选范围为1:5至1000:1,甚至为1:1至750:1。同样,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度为约1010个细胞或孢子/克所述生物防治剂的制剂。特别地,在此实施方案中,所述生物防治剂优选为以上作为B16提及的鲜黄链霉菌。最优选地,当B16作为生物防治剂时,其与杀虫剂的协同重量比选自500:1和4:1。
在另一实施方案中,所述至少一种生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的协同重量比的范围为1:10至1500:1,优选范围为1:1至1000:1,甚至为100:1至900:1。同样,上述比值范围指生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度为约1010个细胞或孢子/克所述生物防治剂的制剂。特别地,在此实施方案中,生物防治剂优选为以上作为B19提及的枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002。最优选地,当B19作为生物防治剂时,其与杀虫剂的协同重量比选自125:1和800:1。
制剂中细胞/孢子的浓度可通过使用本领域已知的方法确定。为比较所述生物防治剂/孢子制剂和杀虫剂的重量比,技术人员能够较容易确定生物防治剂/孢子浓度不同于1010细胞或孢子/克细胞或孢子制剂的制剂与生物防治剂/孢子浓度为1010细胞或孢子/克制剂的制剂之间的因子,计算出一种该生物防治剂/孢子制剂与杀虫剂的重量比是否在上述比值区间之内。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,分散后生物防治剂的浓度为至少50g/ha,例如50-7500g/ha、50-2500g/ha、50-1500g/ha;至少250g/ha(公顷),至少500g/ha或至少800g/ha。
根据本发明待使用或使用的组合物的施用率可变化。技术人员通过常规实验能够找到合适的施用率。
种子处理
本发明的另一方面提供了用以上描述的组合物处理的种子。
通过处理植物的种子来防治昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体已被了解很长一段时间,并获得了持续的改善。但是,种子处理仍涉及到一系列无法总是以令人满意的方式解决的问题。因此,有必要研发保护种子和发芽植物的方法,所述方法免去、或至少显著减少在储存过程中、播种后或植物出苗后额外使用作物保护组合物的需要。此外,需要优化施用的活性成分的量,从而为种子和发芽植物提供尽可能好的保护,使其免受昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的侵袭,而所使用的活性成分不会对植物本身造成损害。处理种子的方法尤其还应考虑抗虫或耐虫的转基因植物固有的杀昆虫和/或杀线虫特性,以用最少量的作物保护组合物获得对种子和发芽植物的最优保护。
因此,本发明还尤其涉及保护种子和发芽植物免受有害物侵袭的方法,所述方法用以上定义的至少一种生物防治剂和/或具有各菌种全部识别特征的上述菌株的突变体和/或由各菌种产生的表现出对抗昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体活性的代谢产物,和以上定义的至少一种杀虫剂,和任选地至少一种本发明的杀菌剂处理种子。用于保护种子和发芽植物免受有害物侵袭的本发明的方法包括在一次操作中用所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选的至少一种杀菌剂同时处理种子的方法。本发明方法还包括用所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选的至少一种杀菌剂,在不同时间处理种子的方法。
本发明还涉及本发明组合物的用途,用于处理种子,从而保护种子和形成的植物免受昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体侵袭。
本发明还涉及种子,该种子同时被根据本发明的至少一种生物防治剂和至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选地至少一种杀菌剂处理。本发明还涉及种子,其在不同的时间,被至少一种生物防治剂和至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选地至少一种杀菌剂处理。在种子在不同的时间被所述至少一种生物防治剂和所述至少一种杀虫剂,以及任选至少一种杀菌剂处理过的情况中,本发明组合物中的各活性成分可存在于种子的不同层中。
此外,本发明涉及种子,其被本发明的组合物处理后,进行薄膜包衣过程,从而防止所述种子被灰尘磨损。
本发明的优势之一是,由于本发明组合物独有的内吸特性,用这些组合物处理种子不仅为种子自身提供了对昆虫、线虫和/或植物病原体的保护,还为在萌发后从种子生长出的植物提供了保护。这样,可不必在播种时或其后短时间内直接处理所述作物。
另一个优势可在以下事实中看到:用本发明的组合物处理种子,可促进被处理过的种子的发芽和出苗。
本发明的组合物还可用在尤其是转基因种子上,这也被认为是有利的。
还说明了本发明的组合物可同信号技术的试剂组合使用,其结果是,例如,和共生生物的集群得到改善,例如增强根瘤菌、菌根和/或植物内生细菌,和/或优化固氮作用。
本发明的组合物适合于保护用于农业、温室、林业或园艺的任何植物品种的种子。尤其,所讨论的种子是谷物(例如,小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和小米)、玉米、棉花、大豆、稻、土豆、向日葵、咖啡豆、烟草、卡诺拉油菜(canola)、油菜、甜菜(例如,糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(例如,西红柿、黄瓜、豆、芸苔(brassicas)、洋葱和莴苣)、水果植物、草坪和观赏植物的种子。尤其重要的是对谷物(例如小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦)、玉米、大豆、棉花、卡诺拉油菜、油菜和稻的种子的处理。
如上所述,用本发明的组合物处理转基因种子是尤其重要的。所讨论的种子是通常含有至少一个异源基因的植物的种子,所述异源基因控制多肽——尤其是具有杀昆虫和/或杀线虫特性的多肽——的表达。转基因种子中的异源基因可来自微生物例如芽孢杆菌属、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、棒形杆菌属(Clavibacter)、球囊霉属(Glomus)或者粘帚霉属(Gliocladium)。本发明特别适用于处理含有至少一个来自芽孢杆菌属的异源基因的转基因种子。特别优选地,所讨论的异源基因来自苏云金芽孢杆菌。
出于本发明的目的,本发明的组合物被单独或以适合的制剂施用于种子。所述种子优选在这样的条件下处理,该条件下种子是稳定的,从而处理过程中没有损伤发生。通常,种子可在收获和播种之间的任何时间点被处理。通常所用的种子是从植物中分离且已经除去肉穗花序、壳、茎、荚、毛或果肉。例如,可使用收获、洗净且干燥至水含量低于15重量%的种子。或者,例如,也可使用干燥后用水处理然后再干燥的种子。
通常,在种子的处理过程中,必须确保施加于种子上的本发明的组合物和/或其他添加剂的量选择为使得种子的萌芽不被不利地影响,和/或从所述种子萌发的植物不被损伤。当使用在一定施用率时可表现出植物毒性作用的活性成分来说,情况尤其如此。
本发明的组合物能够被直接施用,即,不包括其他组分且不被稀释。通常,优选以适合的制剂形式将所述组合物施用于种子。用于种子处理的适合的制剂和方法对于本领域技术人员是已知的并在例如以下文献中被描述:US 4272417 A、US 4245432 A、US 4808430A、US 5876739 A、US 2003/0176428 A1、WO 2002/080675 A1、WO 2002/028186 A2。
可根据本发明使用的组合物可被转化为常规的拌种制剂,如溶液剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、泡沫剂、浆剂和其他种子包衣组合物,以及ULV制剂。
这些制剂按已知方法通过将组合物与常规佐剂混合制备,所述佐剂为,例如,常规填充剂以及溶剂或稀释剂、着色剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、止泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、胶粘剂、赤霉素以及水。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的适当的着色剂包括常规用于此目的的所有着色剂。本文中,不仅可使用色素(其在水中溶解度低),也可使用水溶性染料。实例包括已知的被命名为若丹明B(Rhodamine B)、C.I.颜料红112和C.I.溶剂红1的染料。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的适当的润湿剂包括促进润湿且常规用于农用化学活性成分制剂中的所有物质。优选使用烷基萘磺酸酯,如二异丙基萘磺酸酯或二异丁基萘磺酸酯。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的适当的分散剂和/或乳化剂包括常规用于农业化学活性成分制剂中的所有非离子的、阴离子和阳离子的分散剂。优选使用非离子或阴离子分散剂,或非离子或阴离子分散剂的混合物。适当的非离子分散剂尤其为环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚和三苯乙烯基酚聚乙二醇醚及其磷酸化或硫酸化衍生物。适当的阴离子分散剂尤其为木素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐和芳基磺酸酯/甲醛缩合物。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的止泡剂为常规用于农用化学活性成分制剂中的所有泡沫抑制物。优选使用有机硅止泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的防腐剂包括可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。实例包括二氯苯和苄醇半缩甲醛。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的二次增稠剂包括可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。优选包括纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土以及高度分散的二氧化硅。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的胶粘剂包括可用于拌种产品的所有常规粘合剂。优选的实例为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的赤霉素可优选为赤霉素A1、A3(=赤霉酸)、A4和A7;特别优选使用赤霉酸。赤霉素是已知的(参见R.Wegler,“Chemie derPflanzenschutz-und ”,Volume 2,SpringerVerlag,1970,pp.401-412)。
可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂可以直接使用或在用水稀释后使用,用于处理多种种子中的任一种。例如,所述浓缩液或通过用水稀释由其获得的制剂可用于对以下植物的种子进行拌种:谷物如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和黑小麦的种子,以及玉米、稻、油菜、豌豆、菜豆、棉花、向日葵和甜菜以及多种不同的蔬菜种子。可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或其稀释的制剂也可用于转基因植物的拌种。在此情况下,额外的协同作用可在同表达形成的物质相互作用时发生。
对于用可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或通过加入水从其产生的制剂处理种子,合适的混合装置包括所有通常用于拌种的设备。更具体地,拌种的过程是将所述种子置于混合机内、加入特定需要量的拌种制剂——以其本身或预先以水稀释后——并进行混合直到所述制剂均匀地分布在种子上。之后可进行干燥操作。
能够根据本发明使用的拌种制剂的施用率可在相对宽的范围内变化。施用率由制剂中的至少一种生物防治剂和至少一种杀虫剂的具体量和种子来决定。在所述组合物的情况下,施用率通常在0.001-50g/kg种子的范围内,优选在0.01-15g/kg种子的范围。
本发明的组合物结合良好的植物耐受性和对温血动物适宜的毒性,以及良好的环境相容性,适用于保护植物和植物器官,提高采收产量、改善采收材料的质量和防治动物害虫,特别是在农业、园艺、畜牧业、林业、花园和休闲设施、存储产品和材料的保护以及在卫生区域遭遇的昆虫、蛛形纲动物、蠕虫、线虫和软体动物。它们可被优选用作植物保护剂。尤其,本发明涉及将根据本发明的组合物作为杀虫剂和/或杀菌剂使用。
本发明的组合物优选对通常敏感和耐药物种以及对所有或某些发育阶段具有活性。上述害虫包括:
节肢动物门(Anthropoda)的害虫,特别是蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如粉螨属(Acarus spp.)、柑橘瘤瘿螨(Aceria sheldoni)、刺皮瘿螨属(Aculops spp.)、针刺瘿螨属(Aculus spp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychus viennensis)、锐缘蜱属(Argas spp.)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、短须螨属(Brevipalpus spp.)、Bryobiagraminum、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa)、刺尾蝎属(Centruroides spp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptes spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、特嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoidespteronyssius)、法嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoides farinae)、革蜱属(Dermacentor spp.)、始叶螨属(Eotetranychus spp.)、梨上瘿螨(Epitrimerus pyri)、真叶螨属(Eutetranychusspp.)、瘿螨属(Eriophyes spp.)、家食甜螨(Glycyphagus domesticus)、红腿地螨(Halotydeus destructor)、半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.)、璃眼蜱属(Hyalommaspp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodes spp.)、毒蛛属(Latrodectus spp.)、斜蛛属(Loxosceles spp.)、全爪螨属(Metatetranychus spp.)、Neutrombicula autumnalis、Nuphersa spp.、小爪螨属(Oligonychus spp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros spp.)、禽刺螨属(Ornithonyssus spp.)、全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalusspp.)、根螨属(Rhizoglyphus spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、中东金蝎(Scorpiomaurus)、狭趺线螨种(Steneotarsonemus spp.)、稻细螨(Steneotarsonemus spinki)、跗线螨属(Tarsonemus spp.)、叶螨属(Tetranychus spp.)、阿氏真恙螨(Trombiculaalfreddugesi)、Vaejovis spp.、番茄斜背瘤瘿螨(Vasates lycopersici);
唇足纲(Chilopoda),例如地蜈蚣属(Geophilus spp.)、蚰蜒属(Scutigeraspp.);
弹尾目或弹尾纲(Collembola),例如武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus);
倍足纲(Diplopoda),例如千足虫(Blaniulus guttulatus);
昆虫纲(Insecta),例如,蜚蠊目(Blattodea),如亚洲蟑螂(Blattellaasahinai)、德国蟑螂(Blattella germanica)、东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、角腹蠊属(Panchlora spp.)、木蠊属(Parcoblatta spp.)、大蠊属(Periplaneta spp.)、褐带皮蠊(Supella longipalpa);
鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如条纹南瓜甲(Acalymma vittatum)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、喙丽金龟属(Adoretus spp.)、杨树萤叶甲(Agelasticaalni)、叩甲属(Agriotes spp.)、步甲虫(Alphitobius diaperinus)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallon solstitialis)、家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、星天牛属(Anoplophoraspp.)、花象属(Anthonomus spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、小象甲属(Apion spp.)、阿鳃金龟属(Apogonia spp.)、隐食甲属(Atomaria spp.)、毛皮蠹属(Attagenus spp.)、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、豆象属(Bruchus spp.)、龟叶甲属(Cassida spp.)、菜豆莹叶甲(Cerotoma trifurcata)、龟象属(Ceuthorhynchus spp.)、跳甲属(Chaetocnemaspp.)、Cleonus mendicus、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、根颈象属(Cosmopolitesspp.)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、叩甲属(Ctenicera spp.)、象虫属(Curculio spp.)、锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)、杨干隐喙象(Cryptorhynchus lapathi)、细枝象属(Cylindrocopturus spp.)、皮蠹属(Dermestesspp.)、叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、蛀螟属(Dichocrocis spp.)、水稻铁甲(Dicladispaarmigera)、Diloboderus spp.、食植瓢虫属(Epilachna spp.)、毛跳甲属(Epitrix spp.)、Faustinus spp.、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、阔角谷盗(Gnathocerus cornutus)、菜心螟(Hellula undalis)、黑异爪蔗金龟(Heteronychus arator)、寡节鳃金龟属(Heteronyxspp.)、Hylamorpha elegans、北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hyperapostica)、蓝绿象(Hypomeces squamosus)、咪小蠹属(Hypothenemus spp.)、甘蔗大褐齿爪鳃金龟(Lachnosterna consanguinea)、烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)、长头谷盗(Latheticus oryzae)、薪甲属(Lathridius spp.)、负泥虫属(Lema spp.)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、潜叶蛾属(Leucoptera spp.)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus)、筒喙象属(Lixus spp.)、萤叶甲属(Luperodes spp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctusspp.)、美洲叶甲属(Megascelis spp.)、梳爪叩头虫属(Melanotus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、鳃角金龟属(Melolontha spp.)、Migdolus spp.、墨天牛属(Monochamus spp.)、象甲(Naupactus xanthographus)、隐跗郭公虫属(Necrobia spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptus hololeucus)、椰蛀犀金龟(Oryctes rhinoceros)、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilussurinamensis)、Oryzaphagus oryzae、耳喙象属(Otiorrhynchus spp.)、小青花金龟(Oxycetonia jucunda)、辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophagaspp.)、Phyllophaga helleri、黄条跳甲属(Phyllotreta spp.)、日本弧丽金龟(Popilliajaponica)、象甲属(Premnotrypes spp.)、大谷蠹(Prostephanus truncatus)、油菜金头跳甲属(Psylliodes spp.)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、暗色瓢虫(Rhizobius ventralis)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、谷象属(Sitophilus spp.)、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、尖隐喙象属(Sphenophorus spp.)、药材甲(Stegobium paniceum)、茎干象属(Sternechus spp.)、Symphyletes spp.、纤毛象属(Tanymecus spp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、大谷盗(Tenebrioides mauretanicus)、拟谷盗属(Tribolium spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogodermaspp.)、籽象属(Tychius spp.)、脊虎天牛属(Xylotrechus spp.)、距步甲属(Zabrusspp.);
双翅目(Diptera),例如伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、潜蝇属(Agromyza spp.)、按实蝇属(Anastrepha spp.)、按蚊属(Anopheles spp.)、瘿蚊属(Asphondylia spp.)、果实蝇属(Bactrocera spp.)、花园毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus)、天青丽蝇(Calliphoraerythrocephala)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、摇蚊属(Chironomus spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、斑虻属(Chrysops spp.)、高额麻虻(Chrysozona pluvialis)、锥蝇属(Cochliomyia spp.)、康瘿蚊属(Contarinia spp.)、人皮蝇(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、稻环摇蚊(Cricotopus sylvestris)、库蚊属(Culexspp.)、库蠓属(Culicoides spp.)、脉毛蚊属(Culiseta spp.)、黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、橄榄大实蝇(Dacus oleae)、叶瘿蚊属(Dasyneura spp.)、地种蝇属(Delia spp.)、人肤蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、果蝇属(Drosophila spp.)、稻象属(Echinocnemus spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、舌蝇属(Glossina spp.)、麻虻属(Haematopota spp.)、毛眼水蝇属(Hydrellia spp.)、大麦毛眼水蝇(Hydrelliagriseola)、黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.)、虱蝇属(Hyppobosca spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypodermaspp.)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza spp.)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、Lutzomia spp.、曼蚊属(Mansonia spp.)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinellafrit)、Paratanytarsus spp.、Paralauterborniella subcincta、泉蝇属(Pegomyiaspp.)、白蛉属(Phlebotomus spp.)、草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.)、伏蝇属(Phormia spp.)、酪蝇(Piophila casei)、Prodiplosis spp.、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、绕实蝇属(Rhagoletis spp.)、麻蝇属(Sarcophaga spp.)、蚋属(Simulium spp.)、螫蝇属(Stomoxysspp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、根斑蝇属(Tetanops spp.)、大蚊属(Tipula spp.)。
异翅目(Heteroptera),例如南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis)、拟丽蝽属(Antestiopsisspp.)、Boisea spp.、土长蝽属(Blissus spp.)、俊盲蝽属(Calocoris spp.)、斑腿微剌盲蝽(Campylomma livida)、异背长蝽属(Cavelerius spp.)、臭虫属(Cimex spp.)、白辧麦寄蝇属(Collaria spp.)、绿盲蝽(Creontiades dilutus)、胡椒缘蝽(Dasynus piperis)、Dichelops furcatus、厚氏长棒网蝽(Diconocoris hewetti)、棉红蝽属(Dysdercusspp.)、美洲蝽属(Euschistus spp.)、扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、刺盲蝽属(Heliopeltis spp.)、Horcias nobilellus、稻缘蝽属(Leptocorisa spp.)、异稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa varicornis)、叶喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、草盲蝽属(Lygusspp.)、蔗黑长蝽(Macropes excavatus)、盲蝽科(Miridae)、金光绿盲蝽(Monalonionatratum)、绿蝽属(Nezara spp.)、稻蝽属(Oebalus spp.)、蝽科(Pentomidae)、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、壁蝽属(Piezodorus spp.)、杂盲蝽属(Psallus spp.)、Pseudacystapersea、红猎蝽属(Rhodnius spp.)、可可褐盲蝽(Sahlbergella singularis)、Scaptocoris castanea、黑蝽属(Scotinophora spp.)、梨冠网蝽(Stephanitis nashi)、Tibraca spp.、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.);
同翅目(Homoptera),例如Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae、Acizzia dodonaeae、Acizzia uncatoides、长头蝗(Acrida turrita)、无网长管蚜属(Acyrthosipon spp.)、Acrogonia spp.、Aeneolamia spp.、隆脉木虱属(Agonoscena spp.)、甘蓝粉虱(Aleurodesproletella)、甘蔗穴粉虱(Aleurolobus barodensis)、丝绒粉虱(Aleurothrixusfloccosus)、Allocaridara malayensis、杧果叶蝉属(Amrasca spp.)、飞廉短尾蚜(Anuraphis cardui)、肾圆盾蚧属(Aonidiella spp.)、苏联黄粉蚜(Aphanostigma piri)、蚜属(Aphis spp.)、葡萄叶蝉(Arboridia apicalis)、Arytainilla spp.、小圆盾蚧属(Aspidiella spp.)、圆盾蚧属(Aspidiotus spp.)、Atanus spp.、茄沟无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、烟草粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、Blastopsylla occidentalis、Boreioglycaspis melaleucae、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysii)、微管蚜属(Brachycolus spp.)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Cacopsylla spp.、小褐稻虱(Calligypona marginata)、黄头大叶蝉(Carneocephala fulgida)、甘蔗粉角蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigera)、沫蝉科(Cercopidae)、蜡蚧属(Ceroplastes spp.)、草莓钉蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、蔗黄雪盾蚧(Chionaspis tegalensis)、茶绿叶蝉(Chlorita onukii)、棉蝗(Chondracris rosea)、核桃黑斑蚜(Chromaphisjuglandicola)、黑褐圆盾蚧(Chrysomphalus ficus)、玉米叶蝉(Cicadulina mbila)、Coccomytilus halli、软蚧属(Coccus spp.)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、Cryptoneossa spp.、梳木虱属(Ctenarytaina spp.)、Dalbulus spp.、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、柑桔木虱(Diaphorina citri)、白背盾蚧属(Diaspis spp.)、履绵蚧属(Drosicha spp.)、西圆尾蚜属(Dysaphis spp.)、灰粉蚧属(Dysmicoccus spp.)、小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、绵蚜属(Eriosoma spp.)、Erythroneura spp.、Eucalyptolymaspp.、褐木虱属(Euphyllura spp.)、Euscelis bilobatus、拂粉蚧属(Ferrisia spp.)、咖啡地粉蚧(Geococcus coffeae)、Glycaspis spp.、Heteropsylla cubana、Heteropsyllaspinulosa、假桃病毒叶蝉(Homalodisca coagulata)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterusarundinis)、吹绵蚧属(Icerya spp.)、片角叶蝉属(Idiocerus spp.)、扁喙叶蝉属(Idioscopus spp.)、灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、错阶属(Lecanium spp.)、蛎盾蚧属(Lepidosaphes spp.)、萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)、长管蚜属(Macrosiphum spp.)、二点叶蜂(Macrosteles facifrons)、突眼长铸属(Mahanarva spp.)、高粱蚜(Melanaphissacchari)、Metcalfiella spp.、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、黑缘平翅斑蚜(Monellia costalis)、Monelliopsis pecanis、瘤蚜属(Myzus spp.)、莴苣衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribisnigri)、黑尾叶蝉属(Nephotettix spp.)、Nettigoniclla spectra、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、Oncometopia spp.、Orthezia praelonga、中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)、Pachypsylla spp.、杨梅缘粉虱(Parabemisia myricae)、Paratrioza spp.、片盾蚧属(Parlatoria spp.)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、玉米蜡蝉(Peregrinusmaidis)、绵粉蚧属(Phenacoccus spp.)、杨平翅绵蚜(Phloeomyzus passerinii)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、葡萄根瘤蚜属(Phylloxera spp.)、苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Pinnaspisaspidistrae)、臀纹粉蚧属(Planococcus spp.)、Prosopidopsylla flava、梨形原绵蚧(Protopulvinaria pyriformis)、桑白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)、Psyllopsis spp.、木虱属(Psylla spp.)、金小蜂属(Pteromalusspp.)、Pyrilla spp.、笠圆盾蚧属(Quadraspidiotus spp.)、Quesada gigas、平刺粉蚧属(Rastrococcus spp.)、缢管蚜属(Rhopalosiphum spp.)、黑盔蚧属(Saissetia spp.)、葡萄带叶蝉(Scaphoideus titanus)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、苏铁刺圆盾蚧(Selenaspidus articulatus)、长唇基飞虱属(Sogata spp.)、白背飞虱(Sogatellafurcifera)、Sogatodes spp.、三角蝶(Stictocephala festina)、Siphoninusphillyreae、Tenalaphara malayensis、Tetragonocephela spp.、美国核桃黑蚜(Tinocallis caryaefoliae)、广胸沫蝉属(Tomaspis spp.)、声蚜属(Toxoptera spp.)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、个木虱属(Trioza spp.)、小叶蝉属(Typhlocybaspp.)、尖盾蚧属(Unaspis spp.)、葡萄根瘤虱(Viteus vitifolii)、么叶蝉属(Zyginaspp.);
膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如切叶蚁属(Acromyrmex spp.)、菜叶蜂属(Athaliaspp.)、Atta spp.、松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、实叶蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、Sirex spp.、红火蚁(Solenopsisinvicta)、蚁属(Tapinoma spp.)、树蜂属(Urocerus spp.)、胡蜂属(Vespa spp.)、Xerisspp.;
等足目(Isopoda),例如鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、栉水虱(Oniscusasellus)、球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber);
等翅目(Isoptera),例如家白蚁属(Coptotermes spp.)、堆角白蚁(Cornitermescumulans)、湿木白蚁(Cryptotermes spp.)、楹白蚁(Incisitermes spp.)、甘蔗白蚁(Microtermes obesi)、土白蚁属(Odontotermes spp.)、散白蚁属(Reticulitermesspp.);
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)例如小蜡螟(Achroia grisella)、桑剑纹夜蛾(Acronictamajor)、卷叶蛾属(Adoxophyes spp.)、烦夜蛾(Aedia leucomelas)、地老虎属(Agrotisspp.)、波纹夜蛾属(Alabama spp.)、脐橙螟蛾(Amyelois transitella)、麦蛾属(Anarsiaspp.)、干煞夜蛾属(Anticarsia spp.)、条小卷蛾属(Argyroploce spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Barathra brassicae)、籼弄蝶(Borbo cinnara)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、蛀褐夜蛾属(Busseola spp.)、卷叶蛾属(Cacoecia spp.)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、烟卷蛾(Capua reticulana)、苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsapomonella)、蛀果蛾(Carposina niponensis)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、禾草螟属(Chilo spp.)、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneura spp.)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、纵卷叶野螟属(Cnaphalocerus spp.)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、云卷蛾属(Cnephasia spp.)、Conopomorpha spp.、球颈象属(Conotrachelus spp.)、Copitarsiaspp.、小卷蛾属(Cydia spp.)、Dalaca noctuides、绢野螟属(Diaphania spp.)、蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis)、埃及金刚钻属(Earias spp.)、Ecdytolopha aurantium、小玉米螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、非洲蔗螟(Eldana saccharina)、粉斑螟属(Ephestiaspp.)、叶小卷蛾属(Epinotia spp.)、苹果褐卷蛾(Epiphyas postvittana)、荚斑螟属(Etiella spp.)、金茅属(Eulia spp.)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、黄毒蛾属(Euproctis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属(Feltia spp.)、大蜡螟(Galleriamellonella)、细蛾属(Gracillaria spp.)、小食心虫属(Grapholitha spp.)、蚀叶野螟属(Hedylepta spp.)、铃夜蛾属(Helicoverpa spp.)、实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella)、同斑螟属(Homoeosoma spp.)、茶长卷蛾(Homonaspp.)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta padella)、柿蒂虫(Kakivoria flavofasciata)、贪夜蛾属(Laphygma spp.)、梨小食心虫(Laspeyresia molesta)、茄黄斑螟(Leucinodesorbonalis)、潜蛾属(Leucoptera spp.)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis spp.)、绿果冬夜蛾(Lithophane antennata)、花翅小蛾属(Lobesia spp.)、豆白隆切根虫(Loxagrotisalbicosta)、毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.)、潜蛾属(Lyonetia spp.)、黄褐天幕毛(Malacosomaneustria)、豆荚野螟(Maruca testulalis)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、Melanitisleda、稻毛胫夜蛾(Mocis spp.)、Monopis obviella、粘虫(Mythimma separata)、Nemapogon cloacellus、萍螟属(Nymphula spp.)、Oiketicus spp.、麦秆夜蛾属(Oriaspp.)、瘤丛螟属(Orthaga spp.)、秆野螟属(Ostrinia spp.)、稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、稻弄蝶属(Parnara spp.)、红铃虫(Pectinophora spp.)、Perileucoptera spp.、麦娥属(Phthorimaea spp.)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、小潜细蛾属(Phyllonorycter spp.)、菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、荷兰石竹小卷蛾(Platynota stultana)、印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)、金翅夜蛾属(Plusia spp.)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、小白巢蛾属(Prays spp.)、斜纹夜蛾属(Prodenia spp.)、烟草天蛾属(Protoparce spp.)、黏虫属(Pseudaletia spp.)、Pseudaletia unipuncta、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、薄荷灰夜蛾(Rachiplusia nu)、禾螟属(Schoenobius spp.)、白禾螟属(Scirpophaga spp.)、稻白螟(Scirpophaga innotata)、黄地老虎(Scotia segetum)、蛀茎夜蛾属(Sesamia spp.)、大螟(Sesamia inferens)、长须卷蛾属(Sparganothis spp.)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodoptera spp.)、Spodoptera praefica、展足蛾属(Stathmopoda spp.)、花生麦蛾(Stomopteryxsubsecivella)、透翅蛾属(Synanthedon spp.)、安第斯马铃薯块茎蛾(Teciasolanivora)、干煞夜蛾(Thermesia gemmatalis)、木塞谷蛾(Tinea cloacella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix spp.)、毛毡衣蛾(Trichophaga tapetzella)、粉夜蛾属(Trichoplusia spp.)、Tryporyzaincertulas、番茄斑潜蝇(Tuta absoluta)、灰蝶属(Virachola spp.);
直翅目(Orthoptera或Saltatoria),例如家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、Dichroplusspp.、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、蔗蝗属(Hieroglyphus spp.)、飞蝗属(Locusta spp.)、黑蝗属(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria);
虱目(Phthiraptera),例如畜虱属(Damalinia spp.)、血虱属(Haematopinusspp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、虱属(Pediculus spp.)、阴虱(Ptirus pubis)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.);
啮虫目(Psocoptera),例如粉啮虫属(Lepinatus spp.)、书虱属(Liposcelisspp.);
蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)、栉首蚤属(Ctenocephalides spp.)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis);
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如玉米黄呆蓟马(Anaphothrips obscurus)、稻蓟马(Baliothrips biformis)、葡萄链蓟马(Drepanothrips reuteri)、Enneothrips flavens、花蓟马属(Frankliniella spp.)、网蓟马属(Heliothrips spp.)、温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis)、葡萄蓟马(Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus)、硬蓟马属(Scirtothrips spp.)、Taeniothrips cardamoni、蓟马属(Thrips spp.);
衣鱼目(Zygentoma)(=缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如Ctenolepisma spp.、衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)、盗火虫(Lepismodes inquilinus)、小灶衣鱼(Thermobiadomestica);
综合目(Symphyla),例如Scutigerella spp.;
来自软体动物(Mollusca)门的害虫,特别是来自双壳纲(Bivalvia),例如,拙氏蛤属(Dreissena spp.),以及来自腹足纲(Gastropoda)的害虫,例如,阿勇蛞蝓属(Arionspp.)、双脐螺属(Biomphalaria spp.)、小泡螺属(Bulinus spp.)、野蛞蝓属(Derocerasspp.)、土蜗属(Galba spp.)、椎实螺属(Lymnaea spp.)、钉螺属(Oncomelania spp.)、福寿螺属(Pomacea spp.)、琥珀螺属(Succinea spp.);
来自扁虫动物门(Plathelminthes)和线虫动物门(Nematoda)的动物害虫,例如,十二指肠钩口线虫(Ancylostoma duodenale)、斯里兰卡钩口线虫(Ancylostomaceylanicum)、巴西钩口线虫(Acylostoma braziliensis)、钩口线虫属(Ancylostomaspp.)、蛔虫属(Ascaris spp.)、马来布鲁线虫(Brugia malayi)、帝汶布鲁线虫(Brugiatimori)、仰口线虫属(Bunostomum spp.)、夏柏特线虫属(Chabertia spp.)、枝睾吸虫属(Clonorchis spp.)、古柏线虫属(Cooperia spp.)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium spp.)、丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)、阔节裂头绦虫(Diphyllobothrium latum)、麦地那龙线虫(Dracunculus medinensis)、细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)、多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis)、蠕形住肠蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)、Faciola spp.、血毛线虫属(Haemonchus spp.)、异刺线虫属(Heterakis spp.)、矮小啮壳绦虫(Hymenolepis nana)、猪圆线虫属(Hyostrongulus spp.)、罗阿罗阿线虫(Loa Loa)、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus spp.)、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum spp.)、后睾吸虫属(Opisthorchis spp.)、旋盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus)、奥斯脱线虫属(Ostertagiaspp.)、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus spp.)、裂体吸虫属(Schistosomen spp.)、富氏类圆线虫(Strongyloides fuelleborni)、粪类圆线虫(Strongyloides stercoralis)、粪圆线虫属(Stronyloides spp.)、牛带绦虫(Taenia saginata)、猪带绦虫(Taenia solium)、旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)、本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)、株布氏旋毛虫(Trichinella britovi)、南方旋毛虫(Trichinella nelsoni)、Trichinellapseudopsiralis、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongulus spp.)、人鞭虫(Trichuris trichuria)、班氏吴策线虫(Wuchereria bancrofti);
来自线虫门(Nematoda)的植物害虫,例如滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides spp.)、伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)、茎线虫属(Ditylenchus spp.)、球异皮线虫属(Globodera spp.)、异皮线虫属(Heterodera spp.)、长针线虫属(Longidorus spp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogyne spp.)、短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus spp.)、半穿刺线虫属(Tylenchulusspp.)、剑线虫属(Xiphinema spp.)、螺旋线虫属(Helicotylenchus spp.)、矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus spp.)、盾线虫属(Scutellonema spp.)、拟毛刺线虫属(Paratrichodorus spp.)、瓢线虫属(Meloinema spp.)、拟滑刃属(Paraphelenchusspp.)、粗纹膜垫刃线虫(Aglenchus spp.)、针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus spp.)、根瘤线虫属(Nacobbus spp.)、肾形线虫属(Rotylenchulus spp.)、盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus spp.)、拟茎线虫属(Neotylenchus spp.)、拟滑刃线虫属(Paraphelenchus spp.)、锥线虫属(Dolichodorus spp.)、纽带线虫属(Hoplolaimus spp.)、斑皮线虫属(Punctodera spp.)、环状线虫属(Criconemella spp.)、五沟线虫属(Quinisulcius spp.)、鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora spp.)、蠖线虫属(Anguina spp.)、亚蠖线虫属(Subanguina spp.)、半轮线虫属(Hemicriconemoides spp.)、平滑垫刃属(Psilenchus spp.)、Pseudohalenchusspp.、轮线虫属(Criconemoides spp.)、Cacopaurus spp.、浅根线虫属(Hirschmaniellaspp.)、头线虫属(Tetylenchus spp.);
也可以进一步防治来自原生动物亚门(Protozoa)的生物,特别是球虫目(Coccidia),例如艾美球虫属(Eimeria spp.)。
本发明组合物优选具有对抗桃蚜虫(Myzus persicae)、二斑叶螨(Tetranychusurticae)、辣根猿叶虫、褐飞虱和/或草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)的活性。
此外,在所述生物防治剂表现出杀菌活性和/或组合物额外包含杀菌剂的情况下,根据本发明的组合物具有有效的杀微生物活性,能够在作物保护和材料保护中用于防治不想要的微生物,例如真菌和细菌。
本发明还涉及一种防治不想要的微生物的方法,其特征在于,将本发明的组合物施用于植物病原真菌、植物病原细菌和/或其生境。
杀菌剂能够在作物保护中用于防治植物病原菌。它们的特征是,在对抗广谱植物病原菌(包括土壤传播性病原菌)方面有显著效果,尤其是对根肿菌纲(Plasmodiophoromycetes)、霜霉纲(Peronosporomycetes)(Syn.卵菌纲(Oomycetes))、壶菌纲(Chytridiomycetes)、接合菌纲(Zygomycetes)、子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)和半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)(Syn.不完全菌纲(Fungi imperfecti))的成员。一些杀菌剂具有系统活性并可以在植物保护中用作叶片、拌种或土壤杀菌剂。此外,它们适用于对抗感染木材或植物根部的菌。
杀菌剂可用于作物保护以防治假单孢菌(Pseudomonadaceae)、根瘤菌(Rhizobiaceae)、肠杆菌(Enterobacteriaceae)、棒杆菌(Corynebacteriaceae)以及链霉菌(Streptomycetaceae)。
可根据本发明处理的真菌类疾病的病原体的非限制性实例包括:
由白粉病病原体引起的病害,例如布氏白粉菌(Blumeria)属,例如禾本科布氏白粉菌(Blumeria graminis);叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera)属,例如白叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera leucotricha);单囊壳(Sphaerotheca)属,例如凤仙花单囊壳(Sphaerotheca fuliginea);钩丝壳(Uncinula)属,例如葡萄钩丝壳(Uncinula necator);
由锈病病原体引起的病害,例如胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium)属,例如褐色胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium sabinae);驼孢锈(Hemileia)属,例如咖啡驼孢锈菌(Hemileiavastatrix);层锈菌(Phakopsora)属,例如豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)和山马蝗层锈菌(Phakopsora meibomiae);柄锈菌(Puccinia)属,例如隐匿柄锈菌(Pucciniarecondita)、小麦叶锈菌(P.triticina)、小麦杆锈菌(P.graminis)或小麦条锈菌(P.striiformis);单胞锈菌(Uromyces)属,例如疣顶单胞锈菌(Uromycesappendiculatus);
由卵菌纲(Oomycete)病原体引起的病害,例如白锈菌(Albugo)属,例如白锈菌(Albugo candida);盘霜霉(Bremia)属,例如莴苣盘霜霉(Bremia lactucae);霜霉(Peronospora)属,例如豌豆霜霉(Peronospora pisi)或十字花科霜霉(Peronosporabrassicae);疫霉(Phytophthora)属,例如致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans);轴霜霉(Plasmopara)属,例如葡萄生轴霜霉(Plasmopara viticola);假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,例如草假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora humuli)或古巴假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora cubensis);腐霉(Pythium)属,例如终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum);
由下述病原体引起的叶斑枯病(Leaf blotch)和叶萎蔫病(leaf wilt)病害:例如链格孢(Alternaria)属,例如早疫病链格孢(Alternaria solani);尾孢(Cercospora)属,例如菾菜生尾孢(Cercospora beticola);枝孢(Cladiosporium)属,例如黄瓜枝孢(Cladiosporium cucumerinum);旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus)属,例如禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus)(分生孢子形式:内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera),Syn:长蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium))、宫部旋孢霉(Cochliobolus miyabeanus);炭疽菌(Colletotrichum)属,例如菜豆炭疽菌(Colletotrichum lindemuthanium);锈斑病菌(Cycloconium)属,例如孔雀斑病(Cycloconium oleaginum);间座壳(Diaporthe)属,例如柑桔间座壳(Diaporthe citri);痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe)属,例如柑桔痂囊腔菌(Elsinoefawcettii);盘长孢(Gloeosporium)属,例如悦色盘长孢(Gloeosporium laeticolor);小丛壳(Glomerella)属,例如围小丛壳(Glomerella cingulata);球座菌(Guignardia)属,例如葡萄球座菌(Guignardia bidwelli);小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria)属,例如斑污小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria maculans)、颖枯小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria nodorum);大毁壳(Magnaporthe)属,例如灰色大毁壳(Magnaporthe grisea);微座孢属(Microdochium),例如雪霉微座孢(Microdochium nivale);球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)属,例如禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola)、落花生球腔菌(M.arachidicola)和斐济球腔菌(M.fijiensis);壳针孢(Phaeosphaeria)属,例如颖枯壳针孢(Phaeosphaeria nodorum);核腔菌(Pyrenophora)属,例如圆核腔菌(Pyrenophora teres)、偃麦草核腔菌(Pyrenophora tritici repentis);柱隔孢(Ramularia)属,例如辛加柱隔孢(Ramulariacollo-cygni)、白斑柱隔孢(Ramularia areola);喙孢(Rhynchosporium)属,例如黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporium secalis);针孢(Septoria)属,例如芹菜小壳针孢(Septoria apii)、番茄壳针孢(Septoria lycopersii);核瑚菌(Typhula)属,例如肉孢核瑚菌(Typhulaincarnata);黑星菌(Venturia)属,例如苹果黑星病菌(Venturia inaequalis);
由下述病原体引起的根和茎的病害:例如伏革菌(Corticium)属,例如禾伏革菌(Corticium graminearum);镰孢(Fusarium)属,例如尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum);顶囊壳(Gaeumannomyces)属,例如禾顶囊壳(Gaeumannomyces graminis);丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)属,例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani);例如由稻帚枝杆孢(Sarocladium oryzae)引起的帚枝杆孢(Sarocladium)属病害;由稻腐小核菌(Sclerotiumoryzae)引起的小核菌(Sclerotium)属病害;Tapesia属,例如Tapesia acuformis;根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis)属,例如根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola);
由下述病原体引起的肉穗花序或散穗花序病害(包括玉米穗轴):例如链格孢(Alternaria)属,例如链格孢属(Alternaria spp.);曲霉(Aspergillus)属,例如黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);枝孢(Cladosporium)属,例如芽枝状枝孢(Cladosporiumcladosporioides);麦角菌(Claviceps)属,例如麦角菌(Claviceps purpurea);镰孢(Fusarium)属,例如黄色镰孢(Fusarium culmorum);赤霉(Gibberella)属,例如玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae);小画线壳(Monographella)属,例如雪腐小画线壳(Monographellanivalis);壳针孢(Septoria)属,例如颖枯壳针孢(Septoria nodorum);
由黑粉菌引起的病害,例如轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca)属,例如丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca reiliana);腥黑粉菌(Tilletia)属,例如小麦网腥黑粉菌(Tilletiacaries)、小麦矮腥黑粉菌(T.controversa);条黑粉菌(Urocystis)属,例如隐条黑粉菌(Urocystis occulta);黑粉菌(Ustilago)属,例如裸黑粉菌(Ustilago nuda)、小麦散黑粉菌(U.nuda tritici);
由例如以下病原体引起的果实腐烂:例如曲霉属,例如黄曲霉;葡萄孢属,例如灰葡萄孢;青霉属,例如扩展青霉和产紫青霉;核盘菌属,例如核盘菌;轮枝菌属,例如黑白轮枝菌;
由下述病原体引起的种传的和土传的腐烂、发霉、萎蔫、腐坏和立枯病:例如链格孢属,例如芸薹链格孢;丝囊霉属,例如根腐丝囊霉;壳二孢属,例如兵豆壳二孢(Ascochytalentis);曲霉属,例如黄曲霉;枝孢(Cladosporium)属,例如草本枝孢(Cladosporiumherbarum);旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus)属,例如禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus)(分生孢子形式:内脐蠕孢属,离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)Syn:长蠕孢菌);炭疽菌(Colletotrichum)属,例如毛核炭疽菌(Colletotrichum coccodes);镰孢(Fusarium)属,例如黄色镰孢(Fusarium culmorum);赤霉(Gibberella)属,例如玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae);壳球孢(Macrophomina)属,例如菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina);小画线壳属,例如雪腐小画线壳;青霉属,例如扩展青霉;茎点霉(Phoma)属,例如黑胫茎点霉(Phoma lingam);拟茎点霉属,例如大豆拟茎点霉;疫霉属,例如恶疫霉;核腔菌属,例如麦类核腔菌;梨孢属,例如稻梨孢;腐霉属,例如终极腐霉;丝核菌属,例如立枯丝核菌;根霉菌属,例如稻根霉菌;小核菌属,例如齐整小核菌;壳针孢属,例如颖枯壳针孢;核瑚菌属,例如肉孢核瑚菌;轮枝孢菌属,例如大丽花轮枝孢;
由下述病原体引起的癌性病害、菌瘿和扫帚病(witches’broom):例如丛赤壳(Nectria)属,例如仁果干癌丛赤壳菌(Nectria galligena);
由下述病原体引起的萎缩病害:例如链核盘菌(Monilinia)属,例如核果链核盘菌(Monilinia laxa);
由下述病原体引起的叶气疱或叶卷曲:例如外担菌(Exobasidium)属,例如坏损外担菌(Exobasidium vexans);
外囊菌属(Taphrina),例如畸形外囊菌(Taphrina deformans);
由下述病原体引起的木本植物退化病害:例如由根霉格孢菌(Phaeomoniellachlamydospora)、Phaeoacremonium aleophilum和地中海孢孔菌(Fomitiporiamediterranea)引起的依科病(Esca);例如由葡萄藤猝倒病菌(Eutypa lata)引起的葡萄顶枯病;例如由狭长孢灵芝(Ganoderma boninense)引起的灵芝病害;例如由木硬孔菌(Rigidoporus lignosus)引起的硬孔菌(Rigidoporus)病害;
由下述病原体引起的花和种子的病害:例如,葡萄孢属,例如灰葡萄孢;
由下述病原体引起的植物块茎的病害:例如,丝核菌属,例如立枯丝核菌;长蠕孢菌属,例如茄病长蠕孢;
由下述病原体引起的根肿病害:例如,根肿菌属,例如芸苔根肿菌;
由下述细菌性病原体引起的病害:例如,黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas)属,例如稻黄单胞菌白叶枯变种(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzae);假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)属,例如丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans);欧文氏菌(Erwinia)属,例如噬淀粉欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)。
优选防治下列大豆病害:
由下述病原体引起的叶、茎、荚和种子的真菌病害:例如,链格孢叶斑病(Alternaria spec.atrans tenuissima)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporoidesdematium var.truncatum)、褐斑病(大豆壳针孢(Septoria glycines))、大豆叶斑病和叶枯病(菊池尾孢(Cercospora kikuchii))、弃霉叶枯病(漏斗笄霉(Choanephorainfundibulifera trispora(Syn)))、dactuliophora叶斑病(Dactuliophora glycines)、大豆霜霉病(downy mildew)(东北霜霉(Peronospora manshurica))、禾内脐蠕孢枯萎病(Drechslera glycini)、灰斑病(frogeye leaf spot)(大豆尾孢(Cercospora sojina))、菜豆叶斑病(三叶草小光壳(Leptosphaerulina trifolii))、叶点霉叶斑病(大豆生叶点霉(Phyllosticta sojaecola))、荚和茎枯萎病(大豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sojae))、白粉病(Microsphaera diffusa)、棘壳孢叶斑病(大豆红叶斑病菌(Pyrenochaeta glycines))、丝核菌地上部分(rhizoctonia aerial)、叶枯病和立枯病(立枯丝核菌)、锈病(豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)、山马蝗层锈菌(Phakopsora meibomiae))、黑星病(大豆痂圆孢(Sphaceloma glycines));匍柄霉叶枯病(匍柄霉(Stemphylium botryosum));靶斑病(山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola))。
由下述病原体引起的根部和茎部的真菌病害:例如,黑色根腐病(野百合丽赤壳菌(Calonectria crotalariae))、炭腐病(菜豆生壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina))、镰孢枯萎病或萎蔫、根腐以及荚和根颈腐烂病(尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、直喙镰孢(Fusarium orthoceras)、半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、木贼镰孢(Fusariumequiseti))、mycoleptodiscus根腐病(Mycoleptodiscus terrestris)、新赤壳属病(neocosmospora)(侵菅新赤壳(Neocosmopspora vasinfecta))、荚和茎疫病(菜豆间座壳(Diaporthe phaseolorum))、茎腐败(大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorumvar.caulivora))、疫霉腐病(大雄疫霉(Phytophthora megasperma))、褐茎腐病(大豆茎褐腐病菌(Phialophora gregata))、腐霉病(pythium rot)(瓜果腐霉(Pythiumaphanidermatum)、畸雌腐霉(Pythium irregulare)、德巴利腐霉(Pythium debaryanum)、群结腐霉(Pythium myriotylum)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum))、丝核菌根腐病、茎腐和立枯病(立枯丝核菌)、核盘菌茎腐病(核盘菌)、核盘菌白绢病(Sclerotinia rolfsii)、根串珠霉根腐病(根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola))。
本发明的组合物可治疗性地或保护性/预防性防治植物病原菌。因此,本发明还涉及用于防治植物病原菌的治疗性和保护性方法,所述方法通过使用本发明的组合物——其被施用至种子、植物或植物部位、果实或植物生长的土壤——进行。
所述组合物在防治植物病害所需的浓度下被植物良好地耐受,这一事实允许用所述组合物处理地上的植物部位、繁殖物和种子,以及土壤。
根据本发明,所有的植物和植物部位都可被处理。此处植物指所有的植物和植物种群,例如需要和不需要的野生植物、栽培种和植物变种(不论是否受品种权或植物育种者权的保护)。栽培种和植物变种可以是通过一种或多种生物技术法进行辅助或增补的常规繁殖和育种方法获得的植物,所述生物技术法例如通过使用双单倍体、原生质体融合、随机诱变和定向诱变、分子标记或遗传标记,或通过生物工程和遗传工程的方法进行。植物部位指植物所有地上和地下部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,例如叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、球茎和根茎。作物以及无性繁殖和有性繁殖材料,例如插条、球茎、根茎、分檗和种子也属于植物部位。
本发明的组合物当被植物良好地耐受时具有对温血动物适宜的毒性并被环境良好耐受,适合用于保护植物和植物器官,用于提高采收产量、改善采收材料的质量。它可被优选用作作物保护组合物。它对通常敏感和抗性品种以及对全部或一些发育阶段具有活性。
可依照本发明处理的植物包括以下主要作物植物:玉米、大豆、紫花苜蓿(alfalfa)、棉花、向日葵、芸苔油籽(Brassica oil seeds)例如甘蓝型油菜(例如卡诺拉油菜、油菜籽)、芜菁(Brassica rapa)、芥菜型油菜(B.juncea)(如(田野)芥菜)和埃塞俄比亚芥(Brassica carinata)、棕榈科(例如油椰子、椰子)、稻、小麦、甜菜、甘蔗、燕麦、黑麦、大麦、粟和高粱、黑小麦、亚麻、坚果、葡萄和藤本植物以及来自及各种植物分类群的各种水果和蔬菜,例如蔷薇科属(Rosaceae sp.)(例如仁果,如苹果和梨;以及核果,如杏、樱桃、扁桃、李子和桃;浆果,如草莓、覆盆子、红醋栗(red currant)和黑醋栗(blackcurrant)以及醋栗(gooseberry))、茶藨子科属(Ribesioidae sp.)、胡桃科属(Juglandaceae sp.)、桦木科属(Betulaceae sp.)、漆树科属(Anacardiaceae sp.)、壳斗科属(Fagaceae sp.)、桑科属(Moraceae sp.)、木犀科属(Oleaceae sp.)(如橄榄树)、猕猴桃科属(Actinidaceaesp.)、樟科属(Lauraceae sp.)(例如鳄梨、桂皮、樟脑)、芭蕉科属(Musaceae sp.)(例如香蕉树和绿化树(plantations))、茜草科属(Rubiaceae sp.)(例如咖啡)、山茶科属(Theaceae sp.)(例如茶树)、梧桐科属(Sterculiceae sp.)、芸香科属(Rutaceae sp.)(例如柠檬、橙、柑橘和葡萄柚)、茄科属(Solanaceae sp.)(例如番茄、马铃薯、胡椒、辣椒、茄子和烟草)、百合科属(Liliaceae sp.)、菊科属(Compositiae sp.)(例如莴苣、朝鲜蓟和菊苣——包括根菊苣、苣荬菜或普通菊苣)、伞形科属(Umbelliferae sp.)(例如胡萝卜、欧芹、芹菜和块根芹)、葫芦科属(Cucurbitaceae sp.)(例如黄瓜包括小黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、葫芦类和甜瓜类)、葱科属(Alliaceaesp.)(例如韭类和洋葱类)、十字花科属(Cruciferae sp.)(例如白球甘蓝、红球甘蓝、椰菜、花椰菜、菜花、抱子甘蓝、小白菜、球茎甘蓝、萝卜、辣根、水芹和大白菜)、豆科属(Leguminosae sp.)(例如花生、豌豆类、扁豆类和菜豆类——例如普通的豆类和广义的豆类)、藜科属(Chenopodiaceae sp.)(例如叶甜菜、饲用甜菜、菠菜、甜菜根)、亚麻科属(Linaceae sp.)(例如麻(hemp))、美人蕉科(Cannabeacea sp.)(例如大麻(cannabis))、锦葵科属(Malvaceaesp.)(例如黄秋葵、可可)、罂粟科属(Papaveraceae)(例如罂粟)、天门冬科(Asparagaceae)(例如芦笋);园艺和森林中的有用植物和观赏植物,包括草皮、草坪、青草和甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana);以及每个情况下,所述植物的遗传修饰品种。
优选地,可根据本发明处理的植物选自来自不同植物分类群的水果和蔬菜,例如蔷薇科属种(例如仁果,如苹果和梨;以及核果,如杏、樱桃、扁桃、李子和桃;浆果,如草莓、覆盆子、红醋栗和黑醋栗以及醋栗)、茶藨子科属、胡桃科属、桦木科属、漆树科属、壳斗科属、桑科属、木犀科属(如橄榄树)、猕猴桃科属、樟科属(例如鳄梨、桂皮、樟脑)、芭蕉科属(例如香蕉树和绿化树)、茜草科属(例如咖啡)、山茶科属(例如茶树)、梧桐科属、芸香科属(例如柠檬、橙、柑橘和葡萄柚)、茄科属(例如番茄、马铃薯、胡椒、辣椒、茄子和烟草)、百合科属、菊科属(例如莴苣、朝鲜蓟和菊苣--包括根菊苣、苣荬菜或普通菊苣)、伞形科属(例如胡萝卜、欧芹、芹菜和块根芹)、葫芦科属(例如黄瓜包括小黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、葫芦类和甜瓜类)、葱科属(例如韭类和洋葱类)、十字花科属(例如白球甘蓝、红球甘蓝、椰菜、花椰菜、抱子甘蓝、小白菜、球茎甘蓝、萝卜、辣根、水芹和大白菜)、豆科属(例如花生、豌豆类、扁豆类和菜豆类--例如普通的豆类和广义的豆类)、藜科属(例如叶甜菜、饲用甜菜、菠菜、甜菜根)、亚麻科属(例如麻)、美人蕉科(例如大麻)、锦葵科属(例如黄秋葵、可可)、罂粟科属(例如罂粟)、天门冬科(例如芦笋);园艺和森林中的有用植物和观赏植物,如草皮、草坪、青草和甜叶菊,以及所述植物各自的转基因品种。
更优选地,可根据本发明处理的植物选自大白菜、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)、水稻(Oryza sativa)和棉花的叶子(陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum))。
根据植物物种或植物栽培品种,其位置和生长条件(土壤、气候、生长期、营养),通过使用或施用本发明的组合物,根据本发明的处理也可导致超加(“协同”)效应。因此,例如,通过在根据本发明的处理中使用或施用本发明的组合物,可能出现以下超过实际预期的效果:降低施用率和/或拓宽其活性谱和/或提高其活性、改善植物生长、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高对干旱或对水或土壤含盐量的耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高采收收率、使果实更大、使植物更高、使叶色更绿、使开花更早、提高采收产品的品质和/或提高其营养价值、水果中更高的糖浓度、采收产品的更好的储存稳定性和/或加工性。
在根据本发明的处理中,本发明的组合物在某些施用率下也可对植物具有强化作用。植物抵抗不想要的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或病毒侵害的防御体系被调动起来。植物强化(抗性诱导)物质在本文中应被理解为意指能够以这样一种方式刺激植物防御体系的那些物质或物质的组合,即当随后用不利的植物病原性真菌和/或微生物和/或病毒接种时,经处理的植物对这些不利的植物病原性真菌和/或微生物和/或病毒表现出很大程度的抗性。因此,通过在根据本发明的处理中使用或施用本发明的组合物,可以在处理后的一段时间内保护植物免受上述病原体的侵害。在用所述活性化合物处理植物后,实现保护作用的时间通常持续1-10天,优选1-7天。
同样优选根据本发明进行处理的植物和植物栽培品种对一种或多种生物胁迫因素具有抗性,即所述植物表现出对动物和微生物有害物的更好的防御性,如抵抗线虫、昆虫、螨类、植物病原性真菌、细菌、病毒和/或类病毒。
还可根据本发明处理的植物和植物栽培品种是对一种或多种非生物胁迫因素具有抗性的植物,即已经在胁迫耐受方面表现出提高的植物健康水平的植物。非生物胁迫条件可包括,例如干旱、低温暴露、热暴露、渗透胁迫、水涝、提高的土壤含盐量、增强的矿物暴露、臭氧暴露、强光暴露、有限的氮营养素利用度、有限的磷营养素利用度或避荫。优选用本发明的组合物对植物和植物栽培品种的处理额外提高了总体植物健康水平(参见上述内容)。
还可根据本发明进行处理的植物和植物栽培种是以增强的产率特性为特征的植物,即在此特性方面表现出提高的植物健康水平的植物。在所述植物中提高产率可以是以下因素的结果:例如,改良的植物生理机能、生长和发育,如用水效率、持水效率、改善的氮的利用、增强的碳同化作用、改善的光合作用、提高的发芽率和加速的成熟。产率还可受到改进的植物构造的影响(在胁迫和非胁迫条件下),包括但不限于:提早开花、对杂交种种子生产的开花控制、秧苗活力、植株大小、节间数和节间距、根系生长、种子大小、果实大小、荚果大小、荚果数或穗数、每个荚果或穗的种子数量、种子质量、提高的种子饱满度、减少的种子散布、减少的荚裂开以及抗倒伏。其他的产率特征包括种子组成,如碳水化合物含量、蛋白质含量、含油量和组成、营养价值、抗营养化合物减少、改善的可加工性能和更好的贮存稳定性。优选用本发明的组合物对植物和植物栽培品种的处理额外提高了总体植物健康水平(参见上述内容)。
可根据本发明进行处理的植物为已经表达出杂交特性或杂种活力的杂交植物,所述杂交特性或杂种活力通常带来更高的产率、更高的活力、植物更加健康和对生物和非生物胁迫因素的更好的抗性。这种植物通常是将一种自交雄性不育亲系(母本)与另一种自交雄性能育亲系(父本)杂交产生。杂交种子通常收获自雄性不育植物并出售给种植者。雄性不育植物有时(例如在玉米中)可以通过去雄(即机械地移去雄性生殖器官或雄花)产生,但是,更通常地,雄性不育性是由植物基因组中遗传决定因子产生的。在这种情况下,特别是当种子是待从杂交植物上收获的所需产品时,通常有用的是确保杂交植物的雄性能育性充分恢复。这可以通过确保父本具有合适的育性恢复基因而完成,该基因能够恢复含有负责雄性不育性的遗传决定因子的杂交植物的雄性能育性。负责雄性不育的遗传决定因子可以位于细胞质中。细胞质雄性不育(CMS)实例在芸苔属种中有过描述。然而,负责雄性不育的遗传决定因子也可位于细胞核基因组中。雄性不育植物也可通过植物生物技术方法如基因工程获得。一种获取雄性不育植物的特别有用的方法描述于WO 89/10396中,其中,例如,一种核糖核酸酶例如芽孢杆菌RNA酶在雄蕊中的绒毡层细胞中选择性表达。随后可以通过在绒毡层细胞中表达核糖核酸酶抑制因子如芽孢杆菌RNA酶抑制因子来恢复能育性。
可根据本发明方法处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程而获得)是除草剂耐受性植物,即对一种或多种给定的除草剂耐受的植物。这些植物可以通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予所述除草剂耐受性的突变的植物而获得。
除草剂耐受植物例如草甘膦(glyphosate)耐受植物,即对除草剂草甘膦或其盐耐受的植物。可以通过不同方法使植物对草甘膦耐受。例如,草甘膦耐受植物可通过用编码5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)的基因转化植物而获得。这种EPSPS基因的实例是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的AroA基因(突变体CT7)、农杆菌属种(Agrobacterium sp.)的CP4基因、编码矮牵牛(Petunia)EPSPS、番茄EPSPS或蟋蟀草属(Eleusine)EPSPS的基因。其也可是突变EPSPS。草甘膦耐受植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦氧化还原酶的基因而获得。草甘膦耐受植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦乙酰转移酶的基因而获得。草甘膦耐受植物也可通过选择含有上述基因天然突变的植物而获得。
其他对除草剂具有抗性的植物为,例如耐受抑制谷氨酰胺合成酶的除草剂的植物,所述除草剂如双丙氨膦(bialaphos)、草丁膦(phosphinothricin)或草铵膦(glufosinate)。所述植物可通过表达可解除除草剂毒性的酶或表达对抑制有抗性的突变谷氨酰胺合成酶而获得。一种这类有效的解毒酶是草丁膦乙酰转移酶(如链霉菌属种中的bar或pat蛋白)。表达外源草丁膦乙酰转移酶的植物已有描述。
其他除草剂耐受植物还有耐受抑制羟苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)的除草剂的植物。羟苯丙酮酸双甲氧酶是催化对羟苯基丙酮酸盐(HPP)转化为尿黑酸的反应的酶。耐受HPPD抑制剂的植物可用编码天然抗性HPPD的基因、或者编码突变HPPD的基因转化而获得。对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性也可通过用编码某些尽管天然HPPD被HPPD抑制剂抑制却仍能够形成尿黑酸的酶的基因对植物进行转化而获得。植物对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性,除用编码HPPD耐受酶的基因外,也可通过用编码预苯酸脱氢酶(prophenate dehydrogenase)的基因转化植物而改进。
其他的除草剂抗性植物是耐受乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂的植物。已知的ALS抑制剂包括,例如,磺酰脲、咪唑啉酮、三唑并嘧啶、嘧啶氧基(硫代)苯甲酸酯和/或磺酰基氨基羰基三唑啉酮除草剂。已知ALS(也被称为乙酰羟酸合成酶,AHAS)的不同突变赋予了对不同除草剂和除草剂类的耐受性。磺酰脲耐受性植物和咪唑啉酮耐受性植物的生产已描述于WO 1996/033270。其他的咪唑啉酮耐受性植物也已被描述。其他的磺酰脲耐受植物和咪唑啉酮耐受植物也已描述于例如WO 2007/024782。
其他耐受咪唑啉酮和/或磺酰脲的植物可通过诱变、在除草剂存在的情况下在细胞培养物中选择、或通过突变育种而获得,例如大豆、稻、甜菜、莴苣或向日葵中已有描述。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程获得)是对昆虫有抗性的转基因植物,即对某些目标昆虫的侵害有抗性的植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含赋予所述昆虫抗性的突变的植物而获得。
在本文中,术语“昆虫抗性转基因植物”包括含有至少一种含编码以下蛋白的编码序列的转基因的任何植物:
1)苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀虫晶体蛋白或其杀虫部分,如以下网址中列出的杀虫晶体蛋白质或其杀虫部分:http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/,例如Cry蛋白质类Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab、Cry3Aa或Cry3Bb的蛋白质或其杀虫部分;或者
2)在苏云金芽孢杆菌的另一种其他晶体蛋白或其一部分存在下具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌的晶体蛋白或其部分,例如由Cy34和Cy35晶体蛋白组成的二元毒素;或者
3)包含来自苏云金芽孢杆菌不同杀虫晶体蛋白质部分的杂交杀虫蛋白质,例如上述1)的蛋白质形成的杂交或是上述2)的蛋白质形成的杂交,例如由玉米株系MON98034产生的Cry1A.105蛋白(WO 2007/027777);或者
4)上述1)至3)中任一项的蛋白质,其中一些、特别是1-10个氨基酸被另一氨基酸所替代,从而获得对于目标昆虫物种更高的杀虫活性和/或扩大受影响的目标昆虫物种的范围,和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入编码DNA的改变,如玉米株系MON863或MON88017中的Cry3Bb1蛋白,或玉米株系MIR604中的Cry3A蛋白;或者
5)苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡样状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的杀虫分泌性蛋白质或其杀虫部分,如在以下网址所列的营养期杀虫蛋白(VIP):http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html,例如来自VIP3Aa蛋白类的蛋白质;或者
6)在苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽胞杆菌的第二分泌性蛋白质的存在下具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽胞杆菌的分泌性蛋白质,例如由VIP1A和VIP2A蛋白质组成的二元毒素;
7)包含来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽胞杆菌的不同分泌性蛋白质部分的杂种杀虫蛋白质,如上述1)的蛋白质杂交,或上述2)的蛋白质的杂交;或者
8)上述1)至3)任一项的蛋白质,其中一些,特别是1-10个氨基酸被另一氨基酸替代,从而获得对于目标昆虫物种的更高杀虫活性,和/或扩大受影响目标昆虫物种的范围,和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入编码DNA的变化(但仍编码一种杀虫蛋白),例如棉花株系COT102中的VIP3Aa蛋白。
当然,本文使用的昆虫抗性转基因植物还包括含有编码上述1-8类中任一蛋白质的基因的结合物的任何植物。在一个实施方案中,耐昆虫的植物含有多于一种的编码上述1-8类中任一蛋白质的外源基因,通过使用针对不同目标昆虫物种的不同蛋白来扩大受影响的目标昆虫物种的范围,或通过使用对相同目标昆虫物种具有杀虫活性但作用模式不同(例如结合至昆虫中不同受体结合位点)的不同蛋白来延迟昆虫对植物抗性的发展。
还可根据本发明方法处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程而获得)对非生物胁迫因素具有耐受性。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予所述胁迫抗性的突变的植物而获得。特别有用的胁迫耐受性植物包括:
a.含有能够降低植物细胞或植物中聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)基因的表达和/或活性的外源基因的植物;
b.含有能够降低植物或植物细胞的聚(ADP-核糖)糖水解酶(PARG)编码基因的表达和/或活性的增强胁迫耐受性的外源基因的植物;
c.含有编码烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸补救合成途径的植物功能性酶的增强胁迫耐受性的转基因的植物,所述植物功能性酶包括烟酰胺酶、烟酸酯磷酸核糖基转移酶、烟酸单核苷酸腺嘌呤基转移酶、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸合成酶或烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程而获得)显示出改变的采收产品的量、品质和/或贮存稳定性,和/或改变的采收产品的特定成分的性质,所述植物或植物栽培品种例如:
1)合成改性淀粉的转基因植物,该改性淀粉的物理化学特性——特别是直链淀粉的含量或是直链淀粉/支链淀粉比、支化度、平均链长、侧链分布、粘度特性、凝胶强度、淀粉粒大小和/或淀粉粒形态——与野生型植物细胞或植物中的合成淀粉相比发生了改变,从而使该改性淀粉能更适于特殊的应用。
2)与不含遗传修饰的野生型植物相比,合成非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物或合成具有改变特性的非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物的转基因植物。实例是产生多聚果糖,尤其是产生菊粉型和果聚糖型多聚果糖的植物、产生α-1,4-葡聚糖的植物、产生α-1,6支化α-1,4-葡聚糖的植物、以及产生交替糖(alternan)的植物。
3)产生透明质酸的转基因植物。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程而获得)是具有改变的纤维特性的植物,如棉花植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种改变的纤维特性的突变的植物而获得,其包括:
a)包含纤维素合成酶基因的一个改变型的植物,如棉花植物;
b)包含rsw2或rsw3同源核酸的一个改变型的植物,如棉花植物;
c)具有增强的蔗糖磷酸酯合成酶表达的植物,如棉花植物;
d)具有增强的蔗糖合成酶的表达的植物,如棉花植物;
e)例如通过下调纤维选择性β-1,3-葡聚糖酶改变在纤维细胞基部胞间连丝门控的时机的植物,如棉花植物;
f)具有改变的反应活性的纤维——例如,通过表达N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶基因(包含nodC的和几丁质合成酶基因)获得——的植物,如棉花植物。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培品种(通过植物生物技术方法如遗传工程而获得)是具有改变的油特性的植物,例如油菜和相关的芸苔属(Brassica)植物。这类植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予所述改变的油特性的突变的植物而获得且包括:
a)产生具有高油酸含量的油的植物,如油菜植物;
b)产生具有低亚麻酸含量的油的植物,如油菜植物;
c)产生具有低水平的饱和脂肪酸的油的植物,如油菜植物。
可根据本发明进行处理的特别有用的转基因植物是含有一种或多种编码一种或多种毒素的基因的植物,例如以下列商品名售卖的转基因植物:YIELD(例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(棉花)、(棉花)、Nucotn(棉花)、(例如玉米)、和(马铃薯)。可提及的除草剂耐受植物的实例为以下列商品名售卖的玉米品种、棉花品种和大豆品种:Roundup(耐受草甘膦,例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、Liberty(耐受草丁膦,例如油菜)、(耐受咪唑啉酮)和(耐受磺酰脲,例如玉米)。可提及的除草剂抗性的植物(用常规除草剂耐受性方式培育的植物)包括名为(例如玉米)的市售品种。
可根据本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物是包含转化株系或转化株系的组合的植物,所述植物列于例如许多国家或地区管理机构的数据库中。所述转化株系包括:株系1143-14A(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 06/128569);株系1143-51B(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 06/128570);株系1445(棉花,除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于US-A 2002-120964或WO 02/034946);株系17053(稻,除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-9843,描述于WO 10/117737);株系17314(稻,除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-9844,描述于WO 10/117735);株系281-24-236(棉花,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-6233,描述于WO 05/103266或US-A 2005-216969);株系3006-210-23(棉花,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-6233,描述于US-A2007-143876或WO 05/103266);株系3272(玉米,质量性状,保藏为PTA-9972,描述于WO 06/098952或US-A 2006-230473);株系40416(玉米,昆虫防治,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-11508,描述于WO 11/075593);株系43A47(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-11509,描述于WO 11/075595);株系5307(玉米,昆虫防治,保藏为ATCC PTA-9561,描述于WO10/077816);株系ASR-368(匍匐剪股颖(bent grass),除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-4816,描述于US-A 2006-162007或WO 04/053062);株系B16(玉米,除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于US-A 2003-126634);株系BPS-CV127-9(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为NCIMB No.41603,描述于WO 10/080829);株系CE43-67B(棉花,昆虫防治,保藏为DSM ACC2724,描述于US-A 2009-217423或WO 06/128573);株系CE44-69D(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于US-A 2010-0024077);株系CE44-69D(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 06/128571);株系CE46-02A(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 06/128572);株系COT102(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于US-A 2006-130175或WO 04/039986);株系COT202(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于US-A 2007-067868或WO 05/054479);株系COT203(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 05/054480);株系DAS40278(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-10244,描述于WO 11/022469);株系DAS-59122-7(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA 11384,描述于US-A 2006-070139);株系DAS-59132(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于WO 09/100188);株系DAS68416(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-10442,描述于WO 11/066384或WO 11/066360);株系DP-098140-6(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-8296,描述于US-A 2009-137395或WO 08/112019);株系DP-305423-1(大豆,质量性状,未保藏,描述于US-A2008-312082或WO 08/054747);株系DP-32138-1(玉米,杂交系统,保藏为ATCC PTA-9158,描述于US-A 2009-0210970或WO 09/103049);株系DP-356043-5(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-8287,描述于US-A 2010-0184079或WO 08/002872);株系EE-1(茄子,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 07/091277);株系FI117(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC 209031,描述于US-A 2006-059581或WO 98/044140);株系GA21(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC 209033,描述于US-A 2005-086719或WO 98/044140);株系GG25(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC209032,描述于US-A 2005-188434或WO 98/044140);株系GHB119(棉花,昆虫防治,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-8398,描述于WO 08/151780);株系GHB614(棉花,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-6878,描述于US-A 2010-050282或WO 07/017186);株系GJ11(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC 209030,描述于US-A 2005-188434或WO 98/044140);株系GM RZ13(甜菜,抗病毒,保藏为NCIMB-41601,描述于WO 10/076212);株系H7-1(甜菜,除草剂耐受,保藏为NCIMB 41158或NCIMB 41159,描述于US-A 2004-172669或WO 04/074492);株系JOPLIN1(小麦,病害耐受,未保藏,描述于US-A 2008-064032);株系LL27(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为NCIMB41658,描述于WO 06/108674或US-A 2008-320616);株系LL55(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为NCIMB 41660,描述于WO 06/108675为US-A 2008-196127);株系LL棉花25(棉花,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-3343,描述于WO 03/013224或US-A 2003-097687);株系LLRICE06(稻,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC-23352,描述于US 6468747或WO 00/026345);株系LLRICE601(稻,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-2600,描述于US-A 2008-2289060或WO 00/026356);株系LY038(玉米,质量性状,保藏为ATCC PTA-5623,描述于US-A 2007-028322或WO 05/061720);株系MIR162(玉米,昆虫防治,保藏为PTA-8166,描述于US-A 2009-300784或WO07/142840);株系MIR604(玉米,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于US-A 2008-167456或WO 05/103301);株系MON15985(棉花,昆虫防治,保藏为ATCC PTA-2516,描述于US-A 2004-250317或WO 02/100163);株系MON810(玉米,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于US-A 2002-102582);株系MON863(玉米,昆虫防治,保藏为ATCC PTA-2605,描述于WO 04/011601或US-A 2006-095986);株系MON87427(玉米,授粉控制,保藏为ATCC PTA-7899,描述于WO 11/062904);株系MON87460(玉米,胁迫耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-8910,描述于WO 09/111263或US-A 2011-0138504);株系MON87701(大豆,昆虫防治,保藏为ATCC PTA-8194,描述于US-A 2009-130071或WO 09/064652);株系MON87705(大豆,质量性状,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-9241,描述于US-A 2010-0080887或WO 10/037016);株系MON87708(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA9670,描述于WO 11/034704);株系MON87754(大豆,质量性状,保藏为ATCC PTA-9385,描述于WO 10/024976);株系MON87769(大豆,质量性状,保藏为ATCC PTA-8911,描述于US-A 2011-0067141或WO 09/102873);株系MON88017(玉米,昆虫防治,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-5582,描述于US-A 2008-028482或WO 05/059103);株系MON88913(棉花,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-4854,描述于WO 04/072235或US-A 2006-059590);株系MON89034(玉米,昆虫防治,保藏为ATCC PTA-7455,描述于WO 07/140256或US-A 2008-260932);株系MON89788(大豆,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-6708,描述于US-A 2006-282915或WO 06/130436);株系MS11(油菜,授粉控制-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-850或PTA-2485,描述于WO 01/031042);株系MS8(油菜,授粉控制-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-730,描述于WO01/041558或US-A 2003-188347);株系NK603(玉米,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-2478,描述于US-A 2007-292854);株系PE-7(稻,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 08/114282);株系RF3(油菜,授粉控制,除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-730,描述于WO 01/041558或US-A 2003-188347);株系RT73(油菜,除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于WO 02/036831或US-A 2008-070260);株系T227-1(甜菜,除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于WO 02/44407或US-A 2009-265817);株系T25(玉米,除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于US-A 2001-029014或WO 01/051654);株系T304-40(棉花,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-8171,描述于US-A 2010-077501或WO 08/122406);株系T342-142(棉花,昆虫防治,未保藏,描述于WO 06/128568);株系TC1507(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,未保藏,描述于US-A 2005-039226或WO 04/099447);株系VIP1034(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为ATCC PTA-3925,描述于WO 03/052073),株系32316(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-11507,描述于WO 11/084632),株系4114(玉米,昆虫防治-除草剂耐受,保藏为PTA-11506,描述于WO 11/084621)。
可根据本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物是包含转化株系或转化株系的组合的植物,所述植物列于例如许多国家或地区管理机构的数据库中(参见例如http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx和http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php)。
实施例
对于所有实施例,包括至少一种生物防治剂和至少一种具体杀虫剂的组合物的效力由“Colby方程式”来确定:两种化合物的给定组合物的预期功效如下计算:(见Colby,S.R.,“Calculating Synergistic and antagonistic Responses of HerbicideCombinations”,Weeds 15,第20-22页,1967):
如果
X为试验化合物A在浓度为m ppm或m g/ha时相对于未处理对照组的以%杀灭率表示的功效,
Y为试验化合物B在浓度为n ppm或n g/ha时相对于未处理对照组的以%杀灭率表示的功效,
E为使用的A和B的混合物在浓度为m ppm和n ppm(或m g/ha和n g/ha)时相对于未处理对照组的以%杀灭率表示的功效,
则E=X+Y–(X×Y/100)
如果所观察到的结合物的杀虫功效高于计算值“E”,那么两种化合物的结合物超过了加和作用,即存在协同效应。
使用以下化合物/化合物缩写:
Serenade MaxTM是含有菌株枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713(根据本发明也被简称为B9)的可商购产品。
SonataTM是含有菌株短小芽孢杆菌QST 2808(根据本发明也被简称为B3)的可商购产品,
上文作为B19提及的菌株枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002,在下表中被称为QST 30002。使用包含8.5·108CFU/g(1.34%)该菌株的溶液。
以下给出的所有比例是指各生物防治剂的生物防治剂/孢子制剂的浓度约为1010细胞或孢子/g所述生物防治剂的制剂(见上文中对比例的定义)。
实施例A
桃蚜(Myzus persicae)—喷雾试验(MYZUPE)
溶剂: 78.0 重量份丙酮
1.5 重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5 重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备活性化合物的合适制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将该浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。为制备孢子悬液的合适制剂,用含乳化剂的水将所述孢子稀释至所需浓度。
将所需浓度活性成分的制剂喷洒到被所有龄期桃蚜(Myzus persicae)感染的大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)的圆叶片上。
经过特定的一段时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%指所有蚜虫都被杀死,0%指没有蚜虫被杀死。由此确定的杀灭率数值通过Colby方程式重新计算(见上文)。
根据本试验中的应用,例如与单一化合物相比,以下结合物表现出协同效应:
表A:桃蚜(Myzus persicae)—试验
*测定=测定的杀虫功效,**计算=根据Colby方程计算的功效
实施例B
二斑叶螨(Tetranychusurticae)—喷雾试验,OP-抗性
溶剂: 78.0 重量份丙酮
1.5 重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5 重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为了制备活性化合物的合适制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将该浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。为制备孢子悬液的合适制剂,用含乳化剂的水将所述孢子稀释至所需浓度。
将所需浓度活性成分的制剂喷洒到被所有龄期的二斑叶螨(Tetranychusurticae)严重感染的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)。
经过特定的一段时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%指所有的二斑叶螨都被杀死,0%指没有二斑叶螨被杀死。由此确定的杀灭率数值通过Colby方程式重新计算(见上文)。
根据本次试验中的应用,例如与单一化合物相比,以下结合物表现出协同效应:
表B:二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)—试验
*测定=测定的杀虫功效,**计算=根据Colby方程计算的功效
实施例C
辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)—喷雾试验
溶剂: 78.0 重量份丙酮
1.5 重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5 重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备活性化合物的合适制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将该浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。为制备孢子悬液的合适制剂,用含乳化剂的水将所述孢子稀释至所需浓度。
将大白菜圆叶片喷洒上所需浓度的活性成分制剂。一旦干燥,用辣根猿叶虫的幼虫侵染圆叶片。
经过特定的一段时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%指所有的辣根猿叶虫幼虫都被杀死,0%指没有辣根猿叶虫幼虫被杀死。由此确定的杀灭率数值通过Colby方程式重新计算(见上文)。
根据本次试验中的应用,例如与单一化合物相比,以下结合物表现出协同效应:
表C:辣根猿叶虫—试验
*测定=测定的杀虫功效,**计算=根据Colby方程计算的功效
实施例D
褐飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens)—喷雾实验(NILALU)
溶剂: 7 重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 2 重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备活性化合物的合适制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将该浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。为制备孢子悬液的合适制剂,用含乳化剂的水将孢子稀释至所需浓度。如有必要,加入剂量为1000ppm的铵盐和/或渗透增强剂至所需浓度。
向水稻(Oryza sativa)植物叶片上喷洒所需浓度的活性化合物并使其被褐飞虱感染。
经过特定的一段时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%指所有的飞虱都已经被杀死,0%意味着没有飞虱被杀死。
根据本次试验中的应用,例如与单一化合物相比,以下结合物表现出协同效应:
表D:褐飞虱—试验
*测定=测定的杀虫功效,**计算=根据Colby方程计算的功效
实施例E
草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)—喷雾试验
溶剂: 7 重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 2 重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备活性化合物的合适制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将该浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。为制备孢子悬液的合适制剂,用含乳化剂的水将孢子稀释至所需浓度。如有必要,加入浓度为1000ppm的铵盐和/或渗透增强剂至所需浓度。
通过向陆地棉叶片(Gossypium hirsutum)上喷洒所需浓度的活性化合物制剂处理棉花叶片,并将其用草地贪夜蛾的毛虫感染。
经过特定的一段时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%指所有的毛虫(caterpillar)都已经被杀死,0%指没有毛虫被杀死。所确定的杀灭率数值通过Colby方程式重新计算(见上文)。
根据本次试验中的施用,例如,以下结合物与单独化合物相比,表现出协同效应:
表E:草地贪夜蛾—喷雾试验
*测定=测定的杀虫功效,**计算=根据Colby方程计算的功。
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物,其包含至少一种选自下列的生物防治剂:短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421),
以及至少一种的杀昆虫剂,其选自乙虫腈、甲维盐、杀线威和甲基毒死蜱,
用量为协同有效量。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其还包含至少一种杀真菌剂,条件是所述生物防治剂和杀真菌剂不相同。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述杀真菌剂选自:麦角固醇生物合成抑制剂、呼吸链复合物I或II抑制剂、呼吸链复合物III抑制剂、有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂、能诱导宿主防御的化合物、氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂、ATP产生抑制剂、细胞壁合成抑制剂、脂类和膜合成抑制剂、黑色素生物合成抑制剂、核酸合成抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、能作为解偶剂的化合物例如乐杀螨、敌螨普、嘧菌腙、氟啶胺、消螨多和其他化合物,例如苯噻硫氰、bethoxazin、卡巴西霉素、香芹酮、灭螨猛、pyriofenone(chlazafenone)、硫杂灵、环氟菌胺、霜脲氰、啶酰菌胺、棉隆、咪菌威、双氯酚、哒菌酮、野燕枯、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯、二苯胺、ecomate、胺苯吡菌酮、氟酰菌胺、氟氯菌核利、磺菌胺、flutianil、乙膦酸铝、乙膦酸钙、乙膦酸钠、六氯苯、人间霉素、磺菌威、异硫氰酸甲酯、苯菌酮、灭粉霉素、纳他霉素、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸镍、酞菌酯、辛噻酮、oxamocarb、oxyfenthiin、五氯苯酚及其盐、苯氧司林、磷酸及其盐、霜霉威乙膦酸盐、丙烷辛钠、丙氧喹啉、吡吗啉、(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、硝吡咯菌素、异丁乙氧喹啉、叶枯酞、甲磺菌胺、咪唑嗪、水杨菌胺、氰菌胺、2-甲基丙酸(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[({3-[(异丁酰基氧)甲氧基]-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基}羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬烷-7-基酯、1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-基1H-咪唑-1-羧酸酯、2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)吡啶、2,3-二丁基-6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮、2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c:5,6-c']二吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮、2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮、2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮、2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-{4-[4-(5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基)-1,3-噻唑-2-基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基-4H-色烯-4-酮、2-氯-5-[2-氯-1-(2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基]吡啶、2-苯基苯酚和盐、3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基-1,2-噁唑烷-3-基]吡啶、3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧]嘧啶-4-胺、5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧]嘧啶-4-胺、5-甲基-6-辛基[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-胺、(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙-2-烯酸乙酯、N'-(4-{[3-(4-氯苄基)-1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基]氧}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、N-(4-氯苄基)-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧)苯基]丙酰胺、N-[(4-氯苯基)(氰基)甲基]-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧)苯基]丙酰胺、N-[(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,4-二氯吡啶-3-甲酰胺、N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2,4-二氯吡啶-3-甲酰胺、N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2-氟-4-碘吡啶-3-甲酰胺、N-{(E)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺、N-{(Z)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺、N'-{4-[(3-叔丁基-4-氰基-1,2-噻唑-5-基)氧]-2-氯-5-甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1R))-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、{6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸戊酯、吩嗪-1-羧酸、喹啉-8-醇、喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)、{6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯、1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4'-氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2',4'-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2',5'-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、5-氟-1,3-二甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、2-氯-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、2-氯-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺、2-氯-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、4-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰胺、5-氟-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、2-氯-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、5-氟-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、2-氯-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(5-溴-2-甲氧基-4-甲基吡啶-3-基)(2,3,4-三甲氧基-6-甲基苯基)甲酮、N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔-1-基]氧}-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N2-(甲磺酰基)缬氨酰胺、4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸丁-3-炔-1-基酯、4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇、3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯和oryzastrobin。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项的组合物,其中所述生物防治剂为枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项的组合物,其还包含至少一种选自填充剂、溶剂、自发性促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防霜剂、增稠剂和佐剂的助剂。
6.用权利要求1-5中任意一项的组合物处理的种子。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项的组合物作为杀昆虫剂和/或杀真菌剂的用途。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,所述组合物用于减少由昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失的用途。
9.用于减少由昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或植物病原体引起的植物和植物部位的总体损害和采收的水果或蔬菜的损失的方法,其包括同时或依次施用至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:
短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421),
以及至少一种的杀昆虫剂,其选自乙虫腈、甲维盐、杀线威和甲基毒死蜱,
以及任选至少一种杀真菌剂,所述施用为施用至植物、植物部位、采收的水果、蔬菜和/或植物的生长位置,用量为协同有效量,条件是生物防治剂和任选的杀真菌剂不相同。
10.一种部件试剂盒,其包括在空间上分开放置的至少一种选自以下的生物防治剂:
短小芽孢杆菌(NRRL序列号B-30087)、枯草芽孢杆菌AQ713(NRRL序列号B-21661)和枯草芽孢杆菌AQ30002(NRRL序列号B-50421),
以及至少一种的杀昆虫剂,其选自乙虫腈、甲维盐、杀线威和甲基毒死蜱,
用量为协同有效量。
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| WO2013178656A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Composition comprising a biological control agent and a fungicide |
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- 2013-05-29 MX MX2014014594A patent/MX358794B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-29 NZ NZ702162A patent/NZ702162A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-29 WO PCT/EP2013/061023 patent/WO2013178658A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-29 AR ARP130101881 patent/AR091202A1/es unknown
- 2013-05-29 KR KR1020147036251A patent/KR102095979B1/ko active Active
- 2013-05-29 AU AU2013269725A patent/AU2013269725B2/en active Active
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- 2013-05-29 US US14/404,027 patent/US9907312B2/en active Active
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| IL235818B (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| ES2698951T3 (es) | 2019-02-06 |
| IL235818A0 (en) | 2015-02-01 |
| EP3363289A2 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
| AU2016277619B2 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
| CN104883888A (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
| NZ702162A (en) | 2016-11-25 |
| KR20150023476A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
| US9907312B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
| EP2854542B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
| CN104883888B (zh) | 2017-11-24 |
| AU2016277619A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
| MX2014014594A (es) | 2015-03-03 |
| BR112014029906A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
| AR091202A1 (es) | 2015-01-21 |
| KR102095979B1 (ko) | 2020-04-02 |
| EP3363289A3 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
| EP2854542A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| JP2015518021A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
| MX358794B (es) | 2018-08-17 |
| JP6285423B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 |
| US20150141246A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| WO2013178658A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
| AU2013269725B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
| AU2013269725A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
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