CN107711222A - 一种玉米病虫害的防治方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，包括:（1）晒种；（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治；（3）地下害虫防治；（4）玉米杂草防治；（5）苗期病虫害防治。本发明方法合理、实施方便、操作便捷，能够克服现有玉米农药防治害虫时劳动量大、防虫效果差的缺点，具有杀虫、抗病效果好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业种植技术领域，具体涉及一种玉米病虫害的防治方法。
背景技术
玉米(学名：Zea mays)，中国第一大粮食作物，在生物学范围里，玉米 是一种碳4植物，苞叶却用C3模式进行光合作用，属于雌雄同株。主产区位于世界第三大玉米带——中国松辽平原玉米带。玉米总的种植面积约 1249.35平方公里，亦称玉蜀黍、包谷(包谷棒)、苞米、棒子、棒槌子。潮汕话称为幼美仁(因从美洲传入的缘故)，粤语称为粟米，闽南语称作番麦，是一年生禾本科草本植物，是重要的粮食作物和重要的饲料来源，其营养丰富，也是全世界总产量最高的粮食作物。玉米作为一种高杆作物，在夏季雨水多，风大，植株易倒伏。传统的喷洒施 药法很不方便，而且夏季天气又热，劳动强度大，很难有效管理。如何防治玉米螟，蚜虫等害虫，使玉米高产，寻求更有效的药物一直是人们不断探讨的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种方法合理、实施方便、操作便捷的玉米病虫害的防治方法，能够克服现有玉米农药防治害虫时劳动量大、防虫效果差的缺点，具有杀虫、抗病效果好的优点。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案，一种玉米与空心菜的间作方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）晒种：将选好的种子铺在土地上或席上，厚度5-6cm，连续翻晒2-3d；
（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治：用50%多菌灵或25%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂100-150g拌种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种；
（3）地下害虫防治：用50%辛硫磷乳油100兑水拌玉米种100kg，拌匀晾干后播种；玉米播种前进行种子处理，可以提高种子的发芽率，促进幼苗生长，还能杀灭种皮上的病菌，减轻病虫危害，能促进苗全、苗期、苗壮；
对于地下害虫与玉米病害混合发生的，可采用混配药剂拌种，拌种时，先拌杀虫剂，晾干后再拌杀菌剂；
（4）玉米杂草防治：每亩用40%乙阿合剂150-200mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米播后芽前喷施；每亩用18%的玉农乐80-100mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米2-3叶期定向喷施；每亩用50%都阿合剂150mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米4叶期前定向喷施；
（5）苗期病虫害防治：灰飞虱、蚜虫用10%吡虫啉1000倍液喷雾；在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液防治玉米病毒病；在粘虫幼虫三龄前，玉米心叶出现透明小斑点时，每亩用25%灭幼脲胶悬剂或NPV病毒制剂30-50g，兑水40-50kg喷雾，同时还可兼治毛毛虫、棉铃虫等害虫；在玉米植株10～12片大叶展平时，将丢芯剂丢入植株大喇叭口中，每株施丢芯剂0.3-0.5g。
进一步的，所述玉米病毒病防治还包括用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号100mL兑水拌玉米种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种。
进一步的，所述丢芯剂含胺鲜脂0.05～2.5％、乙烯利或多效唑0.1～3％、毒死蜱0.3～3％、吡虫啉0.01～0.09％、抗蚜威0.1～2.5％、余量为水。
进一步的，所述（5）的玉米病毒病防治是在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液对叶片两面均匀喷雾，每7-10d喷一次，连续2次。
进一步的，所述粘虫的喷药时间是根据粘虫昼伏夜出的习性，在上午10点以前，下午16点以后喷药。
综上所述，本发明由于采用了上述方案，具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明玉米的病虫害防治方法既能有效防治病虫害，又把农药污染降低到最低水平，生态环保，成本低，并且不会对环境和人体造成伤害，避免有害物质在香蕉番茄体内的残留，防治效果显著。
2、本发明在选择农药时，选用化学结构不同、有效成分不同、作用机制不同以及有负交互抗性的农药品种，并且主要采用交替和轮换使用农药的方式，同一种类农药不在同一种作物上连续使用，有效防止和减缓病虫对农药产生抗性。
3、本发明所用玉米丢芯剂，是采用植物生长调节剂和杀虫剂形成组合物，将害虫防治和生长调节通过一次丢芯施药完成，一次施药能同时防治玉米螟和蚜虫等多种玉米害虫；加入植物生长调节剂能使玉米植株矮化，次生根增多，增强抗倒伏能力，秸秆粗、叶片浓绿、节间短、玉米棒位降低，授粉率高，产量增加。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。
实施例1
一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，包括：
（1）晒种：将选好的种子铺在土地上或席上，厚度5-6cm，连续翻晒3d；
（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治：用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂140g拌种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种；
（3）地下害虫防治：用50%辛硫磷乳油100兑水拌玉米种100kg，拌匀晾干后播种；
（4）玉米杂草防治：每亩用40%乙阿合剂180mL兑水75kg，在玉米播后芽前喷施；每亩用18%的玉农乐92mL兑水77kg，在玉米2-3叶期定向喷施；每亩用50%都阿合剂150mL兑水74kg，在玉米4叶期前定向喷施；
（5）苗期病虫害防治：灰飞虱、蚜虫用10%吡虫啉1000倍液喷雾；在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液对叶片两面均匀喷雾防治玉米病毒病，每7-10d喷一次，连续2次；在粘虫幼虫三龄前，玉米心叶出现透明小斑点时，每亩用25%灭幼脲胶悬剂45g，兑水45kg喷雾，喷药时间根据粘虫昼伏夜出的习性，在上午10点以前，下午16点以后喷药；在玉米植株10～12片大叶展平时，将丢芯剂丢入植株大喇叭口中，每株施丢芯剂0.3-0.5g。
其中，播种前用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号100mL兑水拌玉米种50kg防治玉米病毒病；
丢芯剂含胺鲜脂2.0％、乙烯利1.6％、毒死蜱1.8％、吡虫啉0.05％、抗蚜威1.6％、余量为水。
实施例2
一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，包括：
（1）晒种：将选好的种子铺在土地上或席上，厚度5-6cm，连续翻晒3d；
（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治：用25%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂150g拌种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种；
（3）地下害虫防治：用50%辛硫磷乳油100兑水拌玉米种100kg，拌匀晾干后播种；
（4）玉米杂草防治：每亩用40%乙阿合剂200mL兑水80kg，在玉米播后芽前喷施；每亩用18%的玉农乐100mL兑水80kg，在玉米2-3叶期定向喷施；每亩用50%都阿合剂150mL兑水80kg，在玉米4叶期前定向喷施；
（5）苗期病虫害防治：灰飞虱、蚜虫用10%吡虫啉1000倍液喷雾；在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液对叶片两面均匀喷雾防治玉米病毒病，每7-10d喷一次，连续2次；在粘虫幼虫三龄前，玉米心叶出现透明小斑点时，每亩用NPV病毒制剂50g，兑水50kg喷雾，喷药时间根据粘虫昼伏夜出的习性，在上午10点以前，下午16点以后喷药；在玉米植株10～12片大叶展平时，将丢芯剂丢入植株大喇叭口中，每株施丢芯剂0.3-0.5g。
其中，丢芯剂含胺鲜脂2.5％、多效唑1.0％、毒死蜱2.6％、吡虫啉0.08％、抗蚜威2.5％、余量为水。
实施例3
一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，包括：
（1）晒种：将选好的种子铺在土地上或席上，厚度5-6cm，连续翻晒2d；
（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治：用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100g拌种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种；
（3）地下害虫防治：用50%辛硫磷乳油100兑水拌玉米种100kg，拌匀晾干后播种；
（4）玉米杂草防治：每亩用40%乙阿合剂150mL兑水50kg，在玉米播后芽前喷施；每亩用18%的玉农乐80mL兑水50kg，在玉米2-3叶期定向喷施；每亩用50%都阿合剂150mL兑水50kg，在玉米4叶期前定向喷施；
（5）苗期病虫害防治：灰飞虱、蚜虫用10%吡虫啉1000倍液喷雾；在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液对叶片两面均匀喷雾防治玉米病毒病，每7-10d喷一次，连续2次；在粘虫幼虫三龄前，玉米心叶出现透明小斑点时，每亩用25%灭幼脲胶悬剂30g，兑水40-50kg喷雾，喷药时间根据粘虫昼伏夜出的习性，在上午10点以前，下午16点以后喷药；在玉米植株10～12片大叶展平时，将丢芯剂丢入植株大喇叭口中，每株施丢芯剂0.3-0.5g。
其中，丢芯剂含胺鲜脂1.0％、乙烯利3.0％、毒死蜱3％、吡虫啉0.03％、抗蚜威1.5％、余量为水。
以上所述仅为发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，其特征在于，包括：
（1）晒种：将选好的种子铺在土地上或席上，厚度5-6cm，连续翻晒2-3d；
（2）根腐病、黑粉病防治：用50%多菌灵或25%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂100-150g拌种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种；
（3）地下害虫防治：用50%辛硫磷乳油100兑水拌玉米种100kg，拌匀晾干后播种；
（4）玉米杂草防治：每亩用40%乙阿合剂150-200mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米播后芽前喷施；每亩用18%的玉农乐80-100mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米2-3叶期定向喷施；每亩用50%都阿合剂150mL兑水50-80kg，在玉米4叶期前定向喷施；
（5）苗期病虫害防治：灰飞虱、蚜虫用10%吡虫啉1000倍液喷雾；在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液防治玉米病毒病；在粘虫幼虫三龄前，玉米心叶出现透明小斑点时，每亩用25%灭幼脲胶悬剂或NPV病毒制剂30-50g，兑水40-50kg喷雾；在玉米植株10～12片大叶展平时，将丢芯剂丢入植株大喇叭口中，每株施丢芯剂0.3-0.5g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，其特征在于：所述玉米病毒病防治还包括用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号100mL兑水拌玉米种50kg防治，拌匀晾干后播种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，其特征在于：所述丢芯剂含胺鲜脂0.05～2.5％、乙烯利或多效唑0.1～3％、毒死蜱0.3～3％、吡虫啉0.01～0.09％、抗蚜威0.1～2.5％、余量为水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，其特征在于：所述（5）的玉米病毒病防治是在玉米一叶一心期，亩用1.5%植病灵Ⅱ号800-1000倍液对叶片两面均匀喷雾，每7-10d喷一次，连续2次。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米病虫害的防治方法，其特征在于：所述粘虫的喷药时间在上午10点以前，下午16点以后喷药。
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