CN1076237C - Impact portable drill - Google Patents
Impact portable drill Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1076237C CN1076237C CN96112564A CN96112564A CN1076237C CN 1076237 C CN1076237 C CN 1076237C CN 96112564 A CN96112564 A CN 96112564A CN 96112564 A CN96112564 A CN 96112564A CN 1076237 C CN1076237 C CN 1076237C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- torque
- cutter holder
- rotating speed
- processing unit
- memory cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2211/00—Details of portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D2211/06—Means for driving the impulse member
- B25D2211/068—Crank-actuated impulse-driving mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2216/00—Details of portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
- B25D2216/0007—Details of percussion or rotation modes
- B25D2216/0023—Tools having a percussion-and-rotation mode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/195—Regulation means
- B25D2250/205—Regulation means for torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/221—Sensors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
A percussion blow added manually operable drilling tool, such as a hammerdrill, has a housing (2) containing an electric motor for rotating a tool bit chuck (9) about its axis, a control device (C) for controlling the rpm of the chuck (9) operated by the electric motor (3) which is activated by a switch located on the exterior of the housing (2), and a percussion blow mechanism for periodically applying axially directed blows to a bit (10) secured in the chuck (9). The electric motor (3) is coupled to a device (12) for measuring the reaction torque. The control device (C) is connected to an evaluation unit (E) which is connected to the device (12) for measuring the reaction torque so that the rpm of the chuck can be regulated from maintaining the measured reaction torque at a maximum.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of impact portable drill, it is with a housing (2), wherein is equipped with one and is used to make the drive motors (3) of cutter holder (9) around the continuous rotation of its longitudinal axis; Adjusting device (c) that is used for cutter holder (9) rotating speed with the drive motors mating reaction, it can start from the outside by a switch (S) that is contained on the housing; And surge generator (5) that is used for sending periodically axial impact to the instrument that is clipped in cutter holder (9) (10).
Impact portable drill is applied in building industry, finishing and electronics industry and the relevant field.Because its high excision efficient, particularly percussion drill in mineral substrate such as cement, brick wall or rock has good effect for the professional application proof, percussion drill has the cutter holder of a Continuous Drive and motor-driven beater mechanism.The pulse of chronological paddle type mill automatically is delivered on the instrument that is clipped in the cutter holder during operation, and this pulse helps the processing to matrix.The instrument that is contained in simultaneously in the cutter holder rotates continuously, so that produce an installing hole that is used to embed pin in matrix.Cut in the percussion drill of rate in known big excision, for example in applicant's the product line, beater mechanism is a pneumoelectric surge generator, and it is delivered to impact of collision on the instrument when operation.
Advance to matrix along with impacting the cutting edge that is arranged on the point of a knife each time, and produce a little crescent.By rotatablely moving continuously of instrument owing to excise matrix.The overlap joint angle of cutting edge between twice impact on the instrument point of a knife of rotation represented with half-convergency continuously, and half-convergency is selected like this to make to have only through several turn overs and just occurred the cycle repetition later in known percussion drill.Should avoid the cutting edge on the point of a knife in back to back order, to be driven in the crescent that has existed in this way, and make it further intensification.Crescent may be deepened to shear action to excise very limited material when for example 30 °, 36 °, 45 °, 52 °, 60 ° etc. periodicity half-convergency, so the drilling efficiency of instrument reduces greatly.Avoid this periodic half-convergency by the transmission case that suitably designs percussion drill for this reason.
At known impact portable drill, when particularly the jackhammer that impacts of band has reached good excision effect, proposed further to improve the hope of the excision efficient of excision efficient, the particularly cracked matrix of fragility.Should create a kind of impact portable drill, can be in different mineral substrate with the drilling efficiency work of the best.Here the operation of instrument does not need the operation sequence of adding for the user.
The solution of this task is to provide a kind of impact portable drill, particularly a kind of percussion drill with feature of enumerating by the characteristic of claim 1.Have a housing by impact portable drill of the present invention, a motor that is used for driving the cutter holder that rotates continuously around its longitudinal axis wherein is housed; Cutter holder speed setting unit with the drive motors cooperating, it can be operated from the outside by a switch that is contained on the housing; And one be used for axial impact is sent to periodically and be clipped in the surge generator that the instrument in the cutter holder gets on.Drive motors links to each other with an anti-torque measurement mechanism.Adjusting device comprises a processing unit that links to each other with the anti-torque measurement mechanism, and can regulate the rotating speed of cutter holder in this wise by it, makes the anti-torque of measuring on drive motors when operation for maximum.
Structure according to impact portable drill of the present invention can be worked it in best efficiency ranges, actual showing, also have maximum drilling efficiency when maximum is measured anti-torque.This instrument is not worked in best efficiency ranges by the influence of matrix classification always.Wherein need not take the operating procedure of adding by the user.Use very effective by this impact portable drill of the operation in best efficiency ranges.Best drilling efficiency has shortened to be got a time that is used to embed the installation needs of pin.Therefore the operation of this instrument is more economical.
Comprise resistance strain gage or Weighing charging element in a kind of organization plan of simple especially measurement mechanism, it is contained on the suspension bracket of drive motors in the housing.The structure of selected resistance strain gage or Weighing charging element does not need special construction expenditure.The method of measuring torque with resistance strain gage or electric Weighing charging element can realize with sufficiently high accuracy between impact portable drill or under the load that stands simultaneously through verifying.
Because processing unit links to each other with a memory cell (wherein having stipulated the different ranges of speeds), regulon is made so simultaneously, rated rotational frequency scope according to processing unit can automatically be adjusted along with the continuous increase of rotating speed, finds the optimum speed with best affiliated anti-torque started adjusting device by the user after in very short time.Anti-torque under for this reason determining for each rotating speed of adjusting, and be stored in the memory cell.Adjusting device is automatically adjusted to and the corresponding cutter holder rotating speed of the maximum of measured anti-torque then.The realization of this regulating action and user are irrelevant.The disposable operation adjusting device of these needs is for example up to now by the button on the handgrip.Regulating action is automatically carried out then, does not need the user to do what other thing.He only can know by the noise of motor, and regulating action takes place.
Be fixed on the range of speeds in the memory cell preferably corresponding to 37 °～39 ° of half-convergencies, 46 °～50 °, 61 °～65 °, 91 °～98 °.Half-convergency and cutter holder are clipped in relation between the cutter class cutting edge of instrument of its inside in other words by relational expression:
Half-convergency (°)=rotating speed (rev/min) 360 (°) (1/HZ) is given for 1/ frequency of impact.This relational expression is used for approx determining optimum speed scope or half-convergency.During operation and half-convergency scope corresponding rotating speeds scope be controlled, simultaneously rotating speed correspondingly changes.Wherein determine affiliated anti-torque on the drive motors for the rotating speed of each adjustment.Last impact portable drill should with the optimum speed of operation be adjusted to that rotating speed of measuring maximum anti-torque by regulon.
In a scheme of the present invention, stored different rated rotational frequencies in the memory cell.Adjusting device is designed to like this, can automatically adjust this rated rotational frequency according to the standard of processing unit, simultaneously the rotating speed of cutter holder respectively can rated rotational frequency ± 5% scope in variation.Go out the anti-torque under each and be stored in the memory cell for each tachometric survey.The rotating speed of cutter holder can be adjusted to that rotating speed of determining maximum anti-torque in one ± 1 ° the narrow margin of tolerance then.Therefore rated rotational frequency is equivalent to 38 ° of half-convergencies in by this scheme in apparatus of the present invention, and 48 °, 63 ° and 95 °, be with 1 ° of tolerance+respectively, it is given that the relation between its medium speed and the half-convergency is pressed forenamed relational expression.When being defined as at this rotating speed approx, two kinds of scheme medium speed scopes of the present invention can expect to obtain big as far as possible anti-torque.
The frequency of impact that particularly enters the relational expression between half-convergency and the cutter holder rotating speed in the jump bit of known band pneumoelectric surge generator is not a constant.But along with rotation speed change.But for determining this not influence of the range of speeds approx.The cutter holder rotational speed regulation only depends on measured anti-torque when moving by instrument of the present invention, makes that the dependence of rotating speed impact frequency also loses meaning in this case.
Processing unit comprises a microprocessor in a kind of scheme of the present invention, it so controllably moves, make when work tested anti-torque standard to the adjustment cycle of cutter holder rotating speed change to monitoring, when the deviation of measuring during, send the instruction of readjusting in case of necessity corresponding to the rotating speed that surpasses beyond the regulation boundary.
Operation method by the impact portable drill of design of the present invention is characterised in that: the anti-torque of being measured drive motors by measuring unit periodically, with measured value input processing unit again, next step is regulated by the calibration of processing unit the cutter holder rotating speed in this wise by adjusting device, the anti-torque maximum that makes measurement.Method of the present invention is characterized in that its regulating loop is simple, needs only basically in this regulating loop and notes a regulated quantity.
Adjusting device is preferably automatically adjusted to the cutter holder rotating speed anti-torque of measurement and is got peaked state after starting.Test run forwards determined tachometer value in the storage unit to successively for this reason, and the anti-torque under measuring, be stored in the storage unit, last regulon is adjusted to the optimum speed that is found with the cutter holder rotating speed, and check continuously, whether satisfy adjusting condition, that is to say whether the anti-torque that records on the drive motors is maximum, readjusts where necessary.Guarantee that thus impact portable drill turns round all the time in best efficiency ranges.
Other advantages of the present invention are by obtaining in the following description of reference sketch to an embodiment.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is by the view of the functional part of impact portable drill of the present invention; With
Fig. 2 and 3 is used for explaining two flow charts of the present invention.
It among Fig. 1 an impact portable drill of representing with sequence number 1 by its integral body of the present invention.Wherein the jackhammer of representing by means of its sketch of functional part particularly relates to a kind of percussion drill with the pneumoelectric surge generator.Each machinery and electric functional part are installed in the housing 2.The mechanical function parts comprise 3, one pneumoelectric surge generators of a drive motors 5, a transmission case 7 and a cutter holder 9, and an instrument 10 wherein is housed.The mechanical function parts transmit interconnecting by the two-wire bar of power and represent.Drive motors 3 links to each other with pneumoelectric surge generator 5 by a mechanical connection 4.Drive exciting piston 51 by an eccentric wheel in this way, free-piston 52 is quickened, free-piston bump tup 53, tup is contained in the front of cutter holder 9, and axial impact is relayed on the instrument that is clipped in the cutter holder 9.
Drive motors 3 links to each other with a transmission case 7 by second mechanical connection 6, and here motor speed is with speed ratio raising speed or reduction of speed given in advance.Another mechanical connection 8 is delivered to motor 3 or rotatablely moving of transmission case 7 on the cutter holder, thus make cutter holder in running continuously around its axis rotation.On the instrument 10 that is delivered to clamping that rotatablely moves continuously of cutter holder 9.By cutting edge on instrument 10 points of a knife rotatablely move continuously and the stack of axial impact can be got the installing hole that is used to embed pin.
The startup of percussion drill 1 is realized by a switch S on the handle of body shell 1.Switch S is connected power supply, and power supply can be battery or electrical network, and percussion drill 1 links to each other with it by the power line that comes that do not draw, and power supply also makes the adjusting device C work of drive motors 3 simultaneously.Make drive motors 3 for known percussion drill 1 by means of adjusting device C, the rotating speed of the cutter holder 9 that also promptly is attached thereto is adjustable.For example adjusting device C comprises a well-known phase control device.
Link to each other with an anti-torque measurement mechanism 12 according to drive motors 3 of the present invention.It works to drive motors 3 when operation.Measurement mechanism preferably is made up of resistance strain gage or Weighing charging element (Wagezelle), and it is contained on the suspension bracket 13,14 of drive motors 3.This resistance strain gage or Weighing charging element for example can be from HottingerBaldwin measuring technique limited companies, and D-6100 Darmstadt 1 has bought.For example a kind of suitable resistance strain gage is listed in company's product sample G24.01.7 number.In addition also having model in the product sample G21049 of company number is the Weighing charging element of Z8, and for example it also can adopt.
Adjusting device C comprises a processing unit E who links to each other with anti-torque measurement mechanism 12.The electrical equipment connection is represented with arrow in Fig. 1.Processing unit E handles record, digitized anti-torque, and triggering adjusting device C, it regulates the rotating speed of cutter holder 9 in this wise, on drive motors 3, survey the anti-torque maximum of leading when making operation, processing unit E links to each other with a memory cell M, and measurement data can middle be deposited with in the memory cell.Memory cell M also can be used for accessing the control information that is stored in its inside, as below will further specifying.Comprise a microprocessor P according to the illustrated embodiment processing unit, it can carry out special adjustment process, also will introduce as the back.
Two rotational speed regulation flow schemes of expression cutter holder 9 in Fig. 2 and 3.And represent by flow process instruction 20-26 or 30-36.Make adjusting device C start working (20 or 30) by the switch S on operation housing 1 handle.Adjusting device C extracts the control information that is stored among the memory cell M.The present invention represents seek the control information of the maximum anti-torque in the regulation range of speeds by the scheme of Fig. 2 flow chart.Adjusting device C adjusts to these ranges of speeds and scanning one by one successively with rotating speed.Wherein the rotating speed of each adjustment is recorded affiliated anti-torque (21-23) on the drive motors 3 by means of measurement mechanism 12.The digitized measured value that records is stored in the memory, compares mutually then, obtains maximum anti-torque by the anti-torque that relatively records, and the rotating speed (24) under definite cutter holder 9.Adjusting device C adjusts the rotating speed of being obtained by processing unit E (25) then, and regulates, and makes measured anti-torque keep maximum (26).In a kind of favourable scheme of the present invention, select the control information among the memory cell M like this, make the whole scope of rotating speed to be adjusted corresponding to 37 °～39 ° of half-convergencies, 46 °～50 °, 61 °～65 ° and 91 °～98 °.
Adjustment process is closely similar in the represented the solution of the present invention of the flow chart of pressing Fig. 3.Adjusting device C extracts control information from memory cell M in this case, should adjust to different rated rotational frequencies successively.Each rated rotational frequency changes in ± 5% scope, and the rotating speed at each adjusting records anti-torque affiliated on the drive motors 3 simultaneously, makes it digitlization and is deposited with (31-33) among the memory cell M.As foregoing that scheme of the present invention, the anti-torque that relatively records is immediately then determined maximum and is obtained affiliated rotating speed (34).Adjusting device C adjusts to the rotating speed of obtaining (35) and it is adjusted to measured anti-torque and remains maximum (36).In a kind of favourable scheme of the present invention, select the control information among the memory cell M like this, make rated rotational frequency to be adjusted corresponding to 38 ° of half-convergencies, 48 ° and 63 ° each ± 1
Wherein half-convergency and cutter holder or be clamped on the instrument point of a knife of its inside the relation between the rotating speed of cutting edge by relational expression:
Half-convergency (°)=rotating speed (rev/min) 360 (°) (1/HZ) is given for 1/ frequency of impact.This relational expression is used for approx determining optimum speed scope or rated rotational frequency.Not constant especially for the frequency of impact in the known only relational expression between the rotating speed of percussion drill 1 half-convergency of the drive motors 3 gentle surge generators 5 of a cutter holder 9 and cutter holder 9, but with rotation speed change.But it is inoperative for the range of speeds of determining approx or rated rotational frequency.Cutter holder rotating speed and not contact of frequency of impact under the situation of independent drive motors respectively arranged at cutter holder and surge generator, thereby can correctly determine.The adjusting of cutter holder 9 rotating speeds is only relevant with the anti-torque that records on the drive motors when by instrument of the present invention operation.Even feasible frequency of impact in this case also becomes nonsensical to the dependence of rotating speed.In order to determine optimum speed, the every increase of rotating speed is measured an anti-torque for 2 rev/mins.
Be contained in the controlled in this wise in an advantageous manner operation of little processing P among the processing unit E, make and when operation, monitor the adjustment of cutter holder 9 rotating speeds and when the deviation that detects exceeds given range of speeds boundary corresponding to rotating speed, make it readjustment in case of necessity by ground normal period of the anti-torque of measuring.The collection per minute of anti-torque carries out about 600 to 6000 times on the drive motors.
Structure by impact portable drill of the present invention can make it move in the optimum efficiency district.The fact shows that drilling efficiency also has maximum when maximum is measured anti-torque.Instrument will irrespectively be worked in the optimum efficiency district with matrix always.By using very efficiently at optimum efficiency district work impact portable drill.Best drilling efficiency has shortened needed time of screw pit installing hole of processing.Therefore the work of this instrument is more economical.Because processing unit links to each other with the memory cell that has different rotating speeds scope or rated rotational frequency, simultaneously adjusting device is done so that the range of speeds can adjust automatically along with the increase of rotating speed and change according to the standard of processing unit, after the user starts adjusting device, can in the very short time, find band maximum under the optimum speed of anti-torque.The adjusting and the user that realize optimum speed are irrelevant.He only needs disposable startup adjusting device, and the same with up to now for example is by the button on the handle.Safely and automatically regulate then, do not need the user to do other thing again.Whether he to multipotency perception from the noise of motor that is changing regulating action takes place actually.
Claims (9)
1。Impact portable drill, particularly percussion drill are with a housing (2), wherein are equipped with one and are used to make the drive motors (3) of cutter holder (9) around the continuous rotation of its longitudinal axis; Adjusting device (c) that is used for cutter holder (9) rotating speed with the drive motors mating reaction, it can start from the outside by a switch (S) that is contained on the housing; And one be used for going out generator (5) to what the instrument that is clipped in cutter holder (9) (10) sent axial impact periodically, it is characterized in that: drive motors (3) links to each other with an anti-torque measurement mechanism (12), adjusting device (C) comprises a processing unit (E), processing unit links to each other with the anti-torque measurement mechanism, and can be by the rotating speed of its adjusting cutter holder (9), the anti-torque maximum that on drive motors, records when making operation.
2。By the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: measurement mechanism (12) comprises resistance strain gage or Weighing charging element, and they are contained on the suspension bracket (13,14) of the interior drive motors of housing (2) (3).
3。Device by claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: processing unit (E) links to each other with a memory cell (M), stipulated the different ranges of speeds in the memory cell, (C) makes like this with adjusting device, rated rotational frequency scope according to processing unit (E) can automatically be adjusted along with the increase of rotating speed, also there is its storage in the memory cell (M) in anti-torque under determining at the rotating speed of each adjustment, then with the rotational speed regulation of the cutter holder maximum place to the anti-torque that is equivalent to measure.
4。By the device of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the range of speeds of stipulating in memory cell (M) is corresponding to 37 °～39 ° of half-convergencies, and 46 °～50 °, 61 °～65 ° and 91 °～98 °.
5。Device by claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: processing unit (E) links to each other with a memory cell (M), wherein stipulated different rated rotational frequencies, can adjust to rated rotational frequency by adjusting device (C) automatically according to the standard of processing unit (E), the rotating speed of cutter holder (9) can change in the scope of each comfortable rated rotational frequency ± 10% simultaneously, anti-torque under wherein measuring respectively, and exist in the storage unit (M), the rotational speed regulation of cutter holder (9) can be arrived the rotating speed of determining maximum anti-torque then.
6。By claim 5 device, it is characterized in that: rated rotational frequency is corresponding to 38 ° of half-convergencies, 48 ° 63 and ° of 95 ° difference ± 1 °.
7。By the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: processing unit (E) comprises a microprocessor (P), and it makes it to readjust according to the adjustment of ground monitoring normal period cutter holder (9) rotating speed of the anti-torque that records in case of necessity.
8。Press the method for work of the impact portable drill of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that: measure anti-torque periodically by measurement mechanism (2), measured value is input in the processing unit (E), adjusting device (C) is according to the rotating speed of the standard adjustment cutter holder (9) of processing unit (E), and the anti-torque that makes measurement is for maximum.
9。Method by claim 8, it is characterized in that: adjusting device (C) is automatically adjusted to the rotating speed of cutter holder (9) after it starts and is made the anti-torque of measurement that maximum be arranged, wherein successively trial run be stored in the tachometer value in the memory cell (M) and measure under anti-torque and be stored in the memory cell (M), simultaneously regulon (C) constantly readjusts to the optimum speed that is found.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19534850A DE19534850A1 (en) | 1995-09-20 | 1995-09-20 | Impact-supported hand drill |
| DE19534850.8 | 1995-09-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1149517A CN1149517A (en) | 1997-05-14 |
| CN1076237C true CN1076237C (en) | 2001-12-19 |
Family
ID=7772639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96112564A Expired - Fee Related CN1076237C (en) | 1995-09-20 | 1996-09-18 | Impact portable drill |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6044918A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0764502B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09108919A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1076237C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19534850A1 (en) |
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| CN112203802B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2023-07-14 | 工机控股株式会社 | piercing tool |
| DE102018124402A1 (en) * | 2018-10-02 | 2020-04-02 | DSM Meßtechnik GmbH | Electronic screwing tool |
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- 1996-08-13 EP EP96810539A patent/EP0764502B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-18 CN CN96112564A patent/CN1076237C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-20 US US08/716,925 patent/US6044918A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-20 JP JP8250137A patent/JPH09108919A/en active Pending
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| CN1105614A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-07-26 | 布莱克和德克尔公司 | Improvements in and relating to power tools |
| CN1108164A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-09-13 | 罗伯特·博施有限公司 | A device that is set on a hand-held working machine and can make the rotation of tools linked |
| CN1111334A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-11-08 | 希尔蒂股份公司 | Method and apparatus for avoiding handtool machine from fault of clamping too tight of tool |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09108919A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
| DE19534850A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 |
| DE59606658D1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| US6044918A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
| EP0764502A1 (en) | 1997-03-26 |
| EP0764502B1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| CN1149517A (en) | 1997-05-14 |
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