CN107612985B - Urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on narrow-band Internet of things - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method. The invention adopts a large-field-angle brightness measurement sensor and combines an omnibearing tripod head to solve the problem of complicated brightness measurement and sampling points, solves the problem of large-scale networking of sound or light pollution monitoring points by utilizing a narrow-band Internet of things, simultaneously draws a sound and light pollution map by visually displaying monitoring data, and provides scientific basis and data support for environmental protection departments by using the long-term monitoring sound and light pollution data.

Description

An urban sound and light pollution monitoring system and method based on narrowband Internet of Things

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular relates to an urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on the narrowband Internet of Things technology.

Background technique

Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization and urbanization. With the continuous development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of the productivity level, all kinds of electric light sources are flooding every corner of the city. People have obtained a safe, comfortable and beautiful nighttime environment with the help of urban night scene lighting. At the same time, in the process of urban construction, due to the unreasonable installation and use of light sources or lamps, a series of light pollution problems have been brought about. Light pollution mainly includes light intrusion, excessive lighting, glare, light clutter and sky glow. This light pollution not only wastes a lot of power and energy, destroys the night sky environment, but also has a serious impact on people's production, life and ecosystems.

Noise is the sound made by the sound source when it vibrates randomly. According to different sources of noise, noise can be divided into traffic noise, industrial noise, construction noise and social noise. Noise pollution is a public nuisance. It has no pollutants. It does not leave harmful substances in the environment when it spreads. The impact on the environment is not cumulative and lasting, and the transmission distance is limited. These noises bring great harm to people, animals, instruments and buildings.

Light pollution and noise pollution seriously affect people's quality of life, which is not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of society. It needs the attention of relevant environmental protection departments. Since light pollution and noise pollution have certain randomness and temporality in the distribution of time and space, in order to obtain the real situation of sound and light pollution, it is very necessary to establish a corresponding sound and light pollution monitoring network system to monitor sound or light pollution for a long time. The existing sound and light pollution monitoring is mostly short-term pollution measurement, the measurement frequency is low, and it is impossible to monitor the sound and light pollution for a long time. In addition, there is no large-scale sound and light pollution monitoring network.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on the narrowband Internet of Things, so as to achieve long-term and persistent monitoring of acousto-optic pollution, and to establish a sound and light pollution monitoring network in a wide range. To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

An urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on the narrow-band Internet of Things, characterized in that it comprises a large field-of-view brightness measurement module (1), a noise measurement module (2), a power supply module (3), and a core controller module (4). ), wireless communication module (5), operator base station (6), IoT cloud platform (7), client software and mobile web page (8);

The large field-of-view brightness measurement module includes an omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket (9) that can rotate horizontally and vertically, a brightness meter (10) with a serial communication function and a measurement accuracy of not lower than the first grade, and a light meter close to the light. A set of lenses (11) of the objective lens of the luminance meter used to expand the measurement field angle range; the measurement field angle range of the luminance meter after adding the lens can reach 60° to 80°, and the measurement result is within the field angle. average brightness;

The noise measurement module includes an integrating sound level meter and a bracket with a measurement accuracy of not lower than Class II. The integrating sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket during measurement; the integrating sound level is composed of a microphone, a preamplifier and a host. Composition; the microphone and preamplifier are installed on the head of the main unit, and can be removed from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut. There are digital display, indicator lights and key switches on the main unit panel, and the bottom of the integral sound level meter has a External power jack, serial port communication interface, there is a battery box on the back to install batteries;

The core controller module includes a microcontroller, a serial port interface circuit, a program download interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit;

The wireless communication module includes NB-IoT wireless module, debugging serial interface circuit, communication serial interface circuit, reset circuit, LED indicator circuit, level conversion circuit, USIM card interface circuit, radio frequency antenna interface circuit and software upgrade program download interface circuit;

The large field-of-view brightness measurement module and noise measurement module are distributed with multiple monitoring points within the monitoring area, and the position of each monitoring point is kept fixed, so as to realize the monitoring of sound and light pollution in a large area; Each monitoring point can measure the corresponding data every day and upload it to the cloud platform through the wireless communication module to realize long-term monitoring of sound and light pollution;

The IoT cloud platform communicates with the operator base station and client application software, and the client software registers on the IoT cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code. The data is first sent to the operator's base station through the NB-IoT module, and then further sent to the IoT cloud platform. The IoT cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data. The IoT cloud platform It can also receive the data sent by the client software, and then forward the data to the designated NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator's base station;

The client software and the mobile web page include a server, a computer client and a mobile phone web page; the server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from the IoT cloud platform, processes the data, and stores the data persistently in the database; the computer client software It can query and obtain data from the server database with the mobile web page, view and compare historical data and real-time data, calculate the corresponding indicators of noise and light pollution, and draw sound and light pollution maps.

Preferably, the data frame sent by the controller module through the NB-IoT module includes a frame header with fixed content of 2 bytes, a total length of 2 bytes, the total length does not include the frame header and the check part, and a data type of 1 byte , 1-byte content length, the content length is the number of bytes in the data content part, the data content is the measurement value corresponding to sound or light pollution, 2-byte check part, of which the multi-byte data part can be low-order bytes first, In the format with the high-order byte after, the frame header part can be 0xFF0xFF, and the check part can be CRC check.

Preferably, the omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket in the large-field-of-view brightness measurement module is provided with an RS485 serial port interface, and the RS485 serial port interface is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module for data communication. Control commands to control the pan/tilt rotation; the serial port of the luminometer is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, receives the request data sent by the controller, and sends the measured brightness data to the controller;

The integrating sound level meter in the noise measurement module is provided with a serial port interface, and the serial port interface of the integrating sound level meter is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, receives the request data sent by the controller, and transmits the data. The measured noise data is sent to the controller;

The communication serial port of the NB-IoT module in the wireless communication module is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module, the data received from the controller is sent to the operator base station, and the data received from the operator base station is sent to the controller.

Preferably, the omni-directional pan-tilt support adopts PelcoD protocol to control its rotation, the outer diameter of the omni-directional pan-tilt support is not more than 30cm, the height is not more than 40cm, the horizontal load is more than 20Kg, the vertical load is more than 10Kg, and the weight is not more than 5Kg, The horizontal rotation range is 330°～360°, and the pitch rotation range is not less than ±35°. It is powered by 24V 50/60Hz AC power supply. The measuring range of the luminance meter is 0～1000cd/m²;

The photometer and the omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket in the large field-of-view luminance measurement module are fixed by screws to ensure that the photometer rotates with the pan/tilt; the photometer and the enlarged measurement field of view are The lens at the corner is screwed to fasten the two; the light meter can be powered by an external DC power supply or a dry battery;

The height of the sound level meter bracket in the noise measurement module is not less than 1m, and the height is adjustable. The sound level meter can be fixed on the bracket by screws, and the direction of the sound level meter can be adjusted 720°; the sound level meter measures the frequency The range includes at least 20Hz~12.5KHz, the measurement range includes at least 30dB~130dB, and the frequency weighting adopted includes at least A weighting method; the sound level meter can be powered by an external DC power supply, dry battery or lithium battery.

The controller in the core controller module is provided with at least 3 communication serial ports to facilitate communication with the NB-IoT module, the large-field-of-view brightness measurement module, the noise measurement module, and the omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket;

The IoT cloud platform can be built by itself or a third-party platform can be used;

The power supply module takes the commercial power as the input power supply, and can output various voltage levels. ;

The map required for drawing the sound or light pollution map in the client software and the mobile terminal webpage module may be a self-made map or a map application interface provided by a third-party organization;

The server in the client software and the mobile web page module needs to be accessible from the external network, and the database can be a relational database or a non-relational database; the server can actively request the IoT cloud platform to pull data or the IoT cloud platform can actively push data To the server; the client software and mobile web software architecture includes a view layer (12), a control layer (13), a model layer (14) and a database (15), where the user directly interacts with the view layer, and the control layer receives the view The user operation input data transmitted by the layer checks the validity of the user input, controls the user input operation, and sends data to the model layer. The result is then sent to the view layer and displayed to the user.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring method based on the narrowband Internet of Things, and the following technical solutions are provided for this purpose.

An urban sound and light pollution monitoring method based on the narrowband Internet of Things, wherein a plurality of monitoring points are set in a monitoring area to monitor noise and light pollution, and a noise and light pollution map is drawn according to the monitoring results, and the monitoring points are selected according to functional areas. Divide to set;

其中L_o是被照物的亮度，L_bg是背 景亮度；对于夜天空环境亮度，计算90°高度角测量方向的平均亮度L₉₀；对BLR 和L₉₀的可能取值范围分别进行区间划分，不同区间用不同颜色来标记，将各监 测点的经纬度信息和监测范围在地图上进行标记，找到各监测点对应BLR或L₉₀实际测量值所属区间范围对应的颜色，在地图上用该颜色填充该监测点的监测范 围，绘制所述监测区域光污染地图；When monitoring light pollution, the monitoring points are used to measure the brightness; the environmental brightness is measured in the living and living area, public activity area, administrative office area and commercial and financial area, and is placed near at least one representative building in each area The large field-of-view brightness measurement module monitors the floodlight brightness of the building; when measuring the environmental brightness, the monitoring point is selected in the center of the monitoring area or at the location with the most pedestrians, which should be suitable for the installation and operation of monitoring equipment, and should be at the same time. Avoid direct illumination of the light source; when measuring the ambient brightness of the night sky, select the commanding height in the monitoring area as the monitoring point, the distance between adjacent monitoring points is at least 2Km, and the monitoring point is 1.5m above the ground; the measurement time period is 22:00 every night. From 00 to 06:00 the next day, measurement is performed once an hour, and eight directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast are selected at each monitoring point. Four aiming measurement directions of 30°, 60°, and 90°, measure at least 3 times continuously to calculate the average ambient brightness within the field of view in this direction; when measuring the brightness of a building, select the surface that represents the architectural features, and the surface on the same representative surface is selected. There are no less than 3 measurement points, and the arithmetic mean of the brightness of the measurement points is taken as the measured brightness of the building; the light meter sends the measurement data to the controller through the serial port, and the controller sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless through the serial port after receiving the data. The transmission module is finally sent to the IoT cloud platform through the operator's base station, and the client server obtains the luminance measurement data from the IoT cloud platform. For the same measurement direction at the same time, the arithmetic average of multiple measurement data is taken as the direction measurement results; calculate the brightness level evaluation grade BLR,

where L _o is the brightness of the object to be illuminated, and L _bg is the background brightness; for the ambient brightness of the night sky, calculate the average brightness L ₉₀ in the measurement direction at a 90° height angle; divide the possible value ranges of BLR and L ₉₀ into intervals, respectively, Different intervals are marked with different colors, mark the latitude and longitude information and monitoring range of each monitoring point on the map, find the color corresponding to the interval to which the actual measured value of BLR or L ₉₀ belongs to each monitoring point, and fill in the map with this color The monitoring range of the monitoring point, draw the light pollution map of the monitoring area;

During noise monitoring, select one or more monitoring points that can represent the environmental noise level in the rehabilitation area, residential office area, commercial and financial area, industrial production area and urban traffic trunk area for long-term monitoring. Satisfy the measurement conditions of the sound level meter, can avoid the reflective surface and nearby fixed noise sources, and the monitoring point should take into account the division of administrative areas; the sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket, and the sound level meter should be placed. The distance between the monitoring point and any reflector except the ground At least 3.5 meters, more than 1.2 meters above the ground, and more than 50 meters from the intersection; the monitoring points can be placed on high-rise buildings to expand the monitoring sound range; at least once a year and quarterly, each area is monitored on the date It should be relatively fixed, each monitoring point should be monitored continuously for 24 hours each time, and the weighting method should be A-weighting; the monitoring should be carried out under the conditions of no rain and snow, no lightning, and wind speed below 5m/s, and at the same time, the microphone of the sound level meter should be used for monitoring. A windproof cover is installed on the top; the sound level meter measurement data sequentially passes through the core controller, NB-IoT wireless communication module, operator base station, and IoT cloud platform, and finally reaches the client server to calculate the hourly equivalent sound level L _eq , daytime Inter-time equivalent sound level L _d and night-time equivalent sound level L _n , day and night equivalent sound level L _dn and cumulative percent sound level L ₁₀ , L ₅₀ , L ₉₀ ; the indicators selected for drawing the noise pollution map can be hourly Equivalent sound level L _eq ; divide the possible value range of the equivalent sound level L _eq per hour into intervals, mark different intervals with different colors, mark the longitude and latitude information and monitoring range of each monitoring point on the map, and find the The color corresponding to the interval range of the hourly equivalent sound level of each monitoring point is used to fill the detection range of the monitoring point on the map, and the noise pollution map of the area is drawn.

Preferably, the latitude and longitude data of the monitoring point can be obtained by a professional GPS measuring instrument or a mobile phone with GPS measuring function.

Preferably, the number of noise monitoring points is adjusted according to the resident population in the urban area of the city, and there are no less than 20 monitoring points in mega cities with a population of more than 3 million, and monitoring points in large cities with a population of between 1 million and 3 million No less than 15, no less than 10 monitoring points in medium-sized cities with a population of 500,000 to 1 million, and no less than 7 monitoring points in small cities with a population of less than 500,000.

The present invention adopts the urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on the narrowband Internet of Things, and uses the narrowband Internet of Things technology to build an acousto-optic pollution monitoring network, which is distributed in the area by combining the light meter with the omni-directional PTZ and the sound level meter. Multiple monitoring points are set up to solve the problem of large-scale long-term monitoring of urban sound and light pollution, and the results of sound and light pollution monitoring are visualized.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a light pollution measurement module of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the controller module serial port receiving the measurement data of sound and light pollution according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the controller module serial port receiving wireless module data according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a working flow chart of the controller module of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an architecture diagram of the client software and the mobile web page software of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a data frame format diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly and prominently, the embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The system structure in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , an urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on the narrowband Internet of Things, including a large field of view brightness measurement module 1 , a noise measurement module 2 , a power supply module 3 , and a core controller Module 4 , wireless communication module 5 , operator base station 6 , IoT cloud platform 7 , client software and mobile web page module 8 . Since sound and light pollution are both temporal and spatial, their impact on the environment is not cumulative or persistent, and the propagation distance is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to build a sound and light pollution monitoring network in a large area to monitor sound and light pollution for a long time.

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a wireless communication technology standard of 3GPP in the field of low-power wide-area Internet of Things. It works in the authorized spectrum range and adopts 200KHz bandwidth, repeated transmission, and simplified network protocols. It has a wide coverage. , low power consumption and large number of connections, it can be directly deployed in the mobile cellular network of telecom operators.

The large field-of-view luminance measurement module includes an omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket 9 that can be rotated horizontally and vertically, a luminance meter 10 with serial communication function and measurement accuracy not lower than the first grade, and an objective lens close to the luminance meter. A group of lenses 11 is used to expand the measurement field angle range; the photometer after adding the lens can measure the field angle range of 60° to 80°, and the measurement result is the average brightness within the field angle; due to the light pollution has a certain Therefore, the luminance meter should be fixed on the omnidirectional pan/tilt, and rotate horizontally or vertically with the pan/tilt to monitor the ambient light brightness around the monitoring point.

The noise measurement module includes an integrating sound level meter and a bracket with a measurement accuracy of not lower than Class II. The integrating sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket during measurement; the integrating sound level is composed of a microphone, a preamplifier and a host; The microphone and preamplifier are installed on the head of the main unit, and can be removed from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut. There are digital display, indicator lights and key switches on the main unit panel, and there is an external power supply at the bottom of the integral sound level meter. Jack, serial communication interface, there is a battery box on the back to install batteries;

The core controller module includes a microcontroller that supports interrupt, timing and serial communication functions, a serial interface circuit, a program download interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit;

The wireless communication module includes NB-IoT wireless module, debugging serial interface circuit, communication serial interface circuit, reset circuit, LED indicator circuit, level conversion circuit, USIM card interface circuit, radio frequency antenna interface circuit and software upgrade program download interface circuit;

The IoT cloud platform communicates with the operator's base station and client application software. The client software registers on the IoT cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code. The data measured by the large field of view brightness measurement module and noise measurement module It is first sent to the operator's base station through the NB-IoT module, and then further sent to the IoT cloud platform. The IoT cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data. The IoT cloud platform can also Receive the data sent by the client software, and then forward the data to the designated NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator's base station;

Client software and mobile web pages include servers, computer clients and mobile web pages; the server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from the IoT cloud platform, processes the data, and stores the data persistently in the database; computer client software and mobile The terminal webpage queries and obtains data from the server database, and can view and compare historical data and real-time data, calculate the corresponding indicators of noise and light pollution, and draw sound and light pollution maps.

Since the brightness measurement has a certain directionality, the traditional photometer 10 measures the field of view in a range of about 1° to 3°. When measuring the brightness of the surrounding environment, it is necessary to collect a large number of points frequently within the measurement range, which is cumbersome and complicated in operation and efficient. Low, the present invention adds a group of lenses 11 in front of the objective lens of the traditional photometer to expand the range of the measurement field of view. Brightness, the measurement range of the brightness meter is 0～1000cd/m², and the measurement accuracy is not lower than the requirements of the first-class brightness meter. The structure diagram of the brightness measurement module with large field of view is shown in Figure 2. The light meter in this embodiment has an RS232 serial port, which can communicate with the controller, and the light meter can be powered by a dry battery or an external power supply. At the same time, the photometer is combined with the omni-directional pan/tilt 9, and the photometer is fixed on the omni-directional pan/tilt with screws. The omni-directional pan/tilt that can rotate horizontally and pitched is used to monitor the surrounding light environment in all directions.

In order to draw a sound or light pollution map, it is necessary to set up multiple fixed monitoring points in the area to monitor the sound or light pollution for a long time. The selection of monitoring points is set according to the division of functional areas.

其中L_o是被照物的亮度，L_bg是背景亮度； 对于夜天空亮度，计算90°高度角测量方向的平均亮度L₉₀。When measuring the brightness of the environment, measure the ambient brightness in areas such as living and living areas, public activity areas, administrative office (industrial) areas, and commercial and financial areas, and place a large field of view near at least one representative building in each area. The angular brightness measurement module monitors the brightness of building flood lighting. When measuring the ambient brightness, the monitoring point should be selected as far as possible in the center of the area or the location with the most pedestrians, which should be suitable for the installation and operation of the monitoring equipment, and should avoid direct illumination of the light source. When measuring the brightness of the night sky environment, select the commanding heights in the area, such as the roof of a building, to install the brightness measurement module with a large field of view, and the distance between adjacent monitoring points is at least 2Km. The luminance meter should be fixed on the omnidirectional pan/tilt and rotate with the pan/tilt. The measurement point is 1.5m above the ground; the luminance measurement time period is selected from 22:00 every night to 06:00 the next day, and the measurement is performed once an hour. Eight directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast are selected for each monitoring point, and four aiming and measurement directions are selected for each direction with an altitude angle of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. Take at least 3 consecutive measurements to calculate the average ambient brightness within the field of view in that direction. When measuring the brightness of a building, the surface that represents the characteristics of the building should be selected. There are no less than 3 measuring points on the same representative surface, and the arithmetic mean of the brightness of the measuring points should be taken as the measured brightness of the building. The light meter sends the measurement data to the controller through the serial port. After the controller receives the data, it sends it to the NB-IoT wireless transmission module through the serial port, and finally sends it to the IoT cloud platform through the operator's base station. The platform obtains the luminance measurement data, and for the same measurement direction at the same time, the arithmetic mean of the multiple measurement data is taken as the measurement result of the direction at that time. For the brightness of building flood lighting, calculate the brightness level evaluation grade BLR described in "Code for Urban Environment (Decorative) Lighting" (DB 31/T 316-2012),

Where L _o is the brightness of the object to be illuminated, and L _bg is the background brightness; for the night sky brightness, calculate the average brightness L ₉₀ in the measurement direction at a 90° elevation angle.

The noise pollution measurement module includes a sound level meter and a bracket, wherein the accuracy of the sound level meter is an integral sound level meter or a noise statistical analyzer with an accuracy of level two or above. In this embodiment, the AWA5636-3 sound level meter is selected. The sound level meter has a measurement frequency range of 20Hz to 12.5KHz, a measurement range of 30dB to 130dB, and supports A, C, and Z frequency weighting methods; the sound level meter has The RS232 serial port can communicate with the controller and transmit the noise measurement data. The sound level meter can be powered by dry battery, lithium battery or external power supply.

其中n为采样总数,L_Ai为第i次采样测得的A声级。When measuring noise, select one or more measurement points that can represent the environmental noise level of the area for long-term monitoring in areas such as rehabilitation areas, residential office areas, commercial and financial areas, industrial production areas, and urban traffic lines. Meet the measurement conditions of the sound level meter, avoid the reflective surface and the nearby fixed noise sources, and the monitoring points should take into account the division of administrative areas. The sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket, and the sound level meter should be placed at least 3.5 meters away from any reflector (except the ground), more than 1.2 meters above the ground height, and more than 50 meters away from the intersection. If necessary, it can be placed on a high-rise building. , to expand the monitoring sound range. The measurement is carried out at a fixed time every week, avoiding holidays. The date of each monitoring in each area should be relatively fixed, and each monitoring point should be continuously monitored for 24 hours each time. Monitor under the conditions of wind speed below 5m/s, and install a windscreen on the microphone of the sound level meter. Measure the 1-second equivalent A sound level measurement value L _eq1 every 5 seconds, calculate the hourly equivalent sound level L _eq , the daytime equivalent sound level L _d and the nighttime equivalent sound level L _n , and the day and night equivalent A sound level L _dn and cumulative percent sound levels L ₁₀ , L ₅₀ , L ₉₀ . When the measurement is a sampling measurement, and the sampling time interval is constant, the equivalent continuous A sound level within the specified time is expressed by L _Aeq ,

Among them, n is the total number of samples, and L _Ai is the A sound level measured by the ith sample.

In order to draw the sound and light pollution map, when placing the light or noise pollution monitoring module, the latitude and longitude information of the monitoring point is obtained and recorded using a device with GPS function, such as a mobile phone, so as to facilitate the later application software to mark the monitoring point on the map.

The core controller module includes a microcontroller and serial interface circuit that supports functions such as interrupt, timing and serial communication, program download interface circuit, level conversion circuit, reset circuit, LED indicator circuit and crystal oscillator circuit, etc., of which the microcontroller is at least With 3 serial ports, in this embodiment, the STM32L051C8T6 microcontroller is selected to communicate with the brightness measurement module or noise measurement module through the RS232 serial port, communicate with the wireless communication module (NB-IoT) through the RS232 serial port, and communicate with the omnidirectional RS485 serial port. The PTZ communicates and supplies power to the controller module through an external power supply. The working flow chart of the controller is shown in Figure 5, the flow chart of the serial port interrupt receiving sound or light pollution measurement data is shown in Figure 3, and the flow chart of the serial port interrupt receiving wireless communication module is shown in Figure 4. The controller periodically requests the large-field-of-view brightness measurement module and the noise measurement module to obtain the measurement value through the internal timer, obtains the measurement data through asynchronous interrupt, receives the sound/light pollution measurement value in the serial port interrupt processing function, and puts it into the receiving queue middle. After the controller processes the data in the receiving queue, it puts the data in the sending queue. The controller regularly checks whether there is data to be sent in the sending queue. If so, it sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless communication module through the serial port, and at the same time receives the data sent from the remote server, parses the data, and makes corresponding response actions.

The power supply module in this embodiment uses commercial power as the input power supply, and can output DC power and AC power after being converted by a switching power supply and an adapter, and can be used as a luminance meter, an omnidirectional pan/tilt, a sound level meter, a controller, a NB- Input power supply for IoT wireless communication module.

The wireless communication module includes Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) wireless module, debugging serial interface circuit, communication serial interface circuit, LED indicator circuit, level conversion circuit, USIM card interface circuit, RF antenna interface circuit, software upgrade program download interface circuit. The communication serial port of NB-IoT is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module. The data received from the controller is sent to the IoT cloud platform through the operator's base station, and the data received from the operator's base station is sent to the controller. The debugging serial port of NB-IoT can be directly connected to the serial port of the computer, which is convenient for viewing the running status and information of the NB-IoT module during the debugging process.

The IoT cloud platform communicates with the operator's base station and client application software. The client software is registered on the IoT cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code. The data measured by the large field-of-view brightness measurement module and the noise measurement module are first sent to the operator's base station through the NB-IoT wireless module, and then further sent to the IoT cloud platform. The IoT cloud platform receives the unique identification information of the data. Forward the data to the corresponding client software. The IoT cloud platform can also receive the data sent by the client software, and then forward the data to the designated NB-IoT module through the operator's base station.

The client software and mobile web page described in this embodiment include a server accessible from the external network, desktop client software running on a computer, and a mobile web page accessible through a mobile phone browser. The server side is developed in Java language. The server can actively request the IoT cloud platform to obtain the latest sound or light pollution measurement quantity. When the server receives the data from the IoT cloud platform, it will first verify the data. If the data content is incomplete, the data will be discarded. The data is stored in the database, and the database at least contains a data table for storing the location information of the monitoring point and the monitoring range area, a data table for the sound or light pollution measurement data, data type and measurement time. In this embodiment, the MySql relational database is selected to store the measurement. data, so as to review historical monitoring data and calculate related indicators. At the same time, the server can also provide WEB services to computer client software and mobile web pages. The computer client software is developed in C# language, and can view historical or current monitoring data, calculated corresponding pollution indicators and drawn pollution maps according to date. The mobile web page is developed using HTML5 and CSS3 technologies. The software architecture consists of four parts: the view layer 12, the control layer 13, the model layer 14 and the database 15. The user directly interacts with the view layer, and the control layer receives the users transmitted by the view layer. Operate input data, control user input operations, and send data to the model layer. The model layer performs operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and querying the database according to specific business processes. user.

When drawing a sound or light pollution map, this embodiment selects a third-party map interface for software development.

When drawing the light pollution map, the value ranges of the building apparent brightness level and the night sky background brightness are divided into fixed length intervals, and each segment is represented by a different color. Then mark the monitoring range of the monitoring point with a circular or irregular shape, and draw the outline of the monitoring range. Then, according to the actual measurement value of the monitoring point, take the color of the corresponding interval, and display the monitoring area on the map. Fill it with the corresponding color.

其中L_i表示该区域内第i个测点测得的昼间(或夜间)的连续等效A声级，S_i表 示该区域内第i个测点所代表的区域面积，S表示该区域的总面积。将区域的环 境噪声水平按照固定长度区间间隔分段，每段分别用不同的颜色表示，先根据监 测点的经纬度信息将监测点在地图上标记出来，再在地图上绘出区域监测范围轮 廓，然后根据该监测点的实际测量值，取对应区间的颜色，在地图上将该监测区 域用对应颜色进行填充。When drawing a sound pollution map, calculate the average level L of environmental noise in a certain area,

Among them, Li represents the daytime (or nighttime) continuous equivalent A sound level measured by the _ith measuring point in the area, Si represents the area of the area represented by the _ith measuring point in the area, and S represents the area total area. The environmental noise level of the region is divided into fixed length intervals, and each segment is represented by a different color. First, the monitoring points are marked on the map according to the longitude and latitude information of the monitoring points, and then the outline of the regional monitoring range is drawn on the map. Then, according to the actual measurement value of the monitoring point, take the color of the corresponding interval, and fill the monitoring area with the corresponding color on the map.

The client software can view the measurement data of each monitoring point in real time, and can also send specified control commands such as stop or start monitoring to the sound or light pollution monitoring module. In order to facilitate users' viewing and management operations, this embodiment develops a mobile web page. Users can access the web page through a mobile phone browser to view sound or light pollution maps of each monitoring area, corresponding calculation indicators, and send control instructions.

The data frame sent by the controller module through the NB-IoT module, as shown in Figure 7, contains a frame header of 2 bytes of fixed content, a total length of 2 bytes, the total length does not include the frame header and check part, and 1 byte of data Type, 1-byte content length, content length is the number of bytes in the data content part, data content is the measurement value corresponding to sound or light pollution, 2-byte check part, of which the multi-byte data part can be but not limited to low-order bits In the format of byte first and high-order byte after, the frame header part can be but not limited to 0xFF 0xFF, and the check part can be but not limited to CRC check.

The above-mentioned embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. an urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on narrow-band internet of things, is characterized in that, comprises large field-of-view brightness measurement module (1), noise measurement module (2), power module (3), core controller module (4), a wireless communication module (5), an operator base station (6), an IoT cloud platform (7), client software and a mobile web page (8); The large field-of-view brightness measurement module includes an omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket (9) that can be rotated horizontally and vertically, a brightness meter (10) with a serial communication function and a measurement accuracy of not lower than the first grade, and an adjacent light meter. A set of lenses (11) of the objective lens of the luminance meter is used to expand the range of the measurement field of view; the measurement range of the field of view of the photometer after adding the lens can reach 60° to 80°, and the measurement result is within the range of the field of view. average brightness; The noise measurement module includes an integrating sound level meter and a bracket with a measurement accuracy of not lower than Class II. The integrating sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket during measurement; the integrating sound level meter is composed of a microphone, a preamplifier and a bracket. The main unit is composed; the microphone and preamplifier are installed on the head of the main unit, and can be removed from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut. The main panel has a digital display, indicator lights and key switches, and the bottom of the integral sound level meter is located at the bottom. There are external power jacks, serial communication interfaces, and a battery box on the back to install batteries; The core controller module includes a microcontroller, a serial port interface circuit, a program download interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit; The wireless communication module includes NB-IoT wireless module, debugging serial interface circuit, communication serial interface circuit, reset circuit, LED indicator circuit, level conversion circuit, USIM card interface circuit, radio frequency antenna interface circuit and software upgrade program download interface circuit; The large field-of-view brightness measurement module and noise measurement module are distributed with multiple monitoring points within the monitoring area, and the position of each monitoring point is kept fixed, so as to realize the monitoring of sound and light pollution in a large area; Each monitoring point can measure the corresponding data every day and upload it to the cloud platform through the wireless communication module to realize long-term monitoring of sound and light pollution; The IoT cloud platform communicates with the operator base station and client application software, and the client software registers on the IoT cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code. The data is first sent to the operator's base station through the NB-IoT module, and then further sent to the IoT cloud platform. The IoT cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data. The IoT cloud platform It can also receive the data sent by the client software, and then forward the data to the designated NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator's base station; The client software and the mobile web page include a server, a computer client and a mobile phone web page; the server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from the IoT cloud platform, processes the data, and stores the data persistently in the database; the computer client software It can query and obtain data from the server database with the mobile web page, view and compare historical data and real-time data, calculate the corresponding indicators of noise and light pollution, and draw sound and light pollution maps. 2. a kind of city sound and light pollution monitoring system based on narrowband internet of things according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the data frame that described controller module sends through NB-IoT module, comprises the frame of 2 bytes fixed content Header, the total length of 2 bytes, the total length does not include the frame header and the check part, 1 byte data type, 1 byte content length, the content length is the number of bytes in the data content part, and the data content corresponds to sound or light pollution. Measured value, 2-byte check part, in which the multi-byte data part is the format in which the low-order byte is in front and the high-order byte in the back, the frame header part is 0xFF 0xFF, and the check part is CRC check. 3. a kind of urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on narrow-band Internet of things according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the omni-directional pan-tilt bracket in described large-field-of-view brightness measurement module is provided with RS485 serial port interface, The RS485 serial port interface and the serial port of the core controller module are directly connected to perform data communication, and the pan-tilt horizontal or pitch rotation is controlled according to the control instructions sent by the core controller; the serial port of the luminometer is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module. Data communication, receive the request data sent by the controller, and send the measured brightness data to the controller; The integrating sound level meter in the noise measurement module is provided with a serial port interface, and the serial port interface of the integrating sound level meter is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, receives the request data sent by the controller, and transmits the data. The measured noise data is sent to the controller; The communication serial port of the NB-IoT module in the wireless communication module is directly connected to the serial port of the core controller module, the data received from the controller is sent to the operator base station, and the data received from the operator base station is sent to the controller. 4. a kind of urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on narrowband internet of things according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described omni-directional pan-tilt support adopts PelcoD protocol to control its rotation, the outer diameter of omni-directional pan-tilt support No more than 30cm, height no more than 40cm, horizontal load more than 20Kg, vertical load more than 10Kg, weight less than 5Kg, horizontal rotation range 330°～360°, pitch rotation range not less than ±35°, powered by 24V 50/60Hz AC power supply , the measuring range of the luminance meter is 0～1000cd/m ² ; The photometer and the omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket in the large field-of-view luminance measurement module are fixed by screws to ensure that the photometer rotates with the pan/tilt; the photometer and the enlarged measurement field of view are The lens at the corner is fastened by screw rotation; the luminance meter is powered by an external DC power supply or dry battery; The height of the sound level meter bracket in the noise measurement module is not less than 1m, and the height is adjustable. The sound level meter is fixed on the bracket by screws, and the direction of the sound level meter can be adjusted 720°; the sound level meter measures the frequency range At least include 20Hz ~ 12.5KHz, and the measurement range includes at least 30dB ~ 130dB; the sound level meter is powered by an external DC power supply, dry battery or lithium battery; The controller in the core controller module is provided with at least 3 communication serial ports to facilitate communication with the NB-IoT module, the large-field-of-view brightness measurement module, the noise measurement module, and the omnidirectional pan/tilt bracket; The IoT cloud platform is built by itself or a third-party platform is used; The power supply module takes the commercial power as the input power supply, and can output various voltage levels. ; The map required for drawing the sound or light pollution map in the client software and the mobile terminal webpage module is a self-made map or a map application interface provided by a third-party organization; The server in the client software and the mobile terminal webpage module needs to be accessible from the external network, and the database is a relational database or a non-relational database; the server can actively request the IoT cloud platform to pull data or the IoT cloud platform can actively push data to the server. Server; client software and mobile web page software architecture includes a view layer (12), a control layer (13), a model layer (14) and a database (15), where the user directly interacts with the view layer, and the control layer receives the view layer The user operates the input data passed, checks the validity of the user input, controls the user input operation, and sends data to the model layer. Send the result to the view layer for display to the user. 5. An urban sound and light pollution monitoring method based on the narrowband Internet of Things, characterized in that a plurality of monitoring points are set in the monitoring area to monitor noise and light pollution, and a noise and light pollution map is drawn according to the monitoring results, and the Choose to set according to functional area division; When monitoring light pollution, the monitoring points are used to measure the brightness; the environmental brightness is measured in the living and residential areas, public activity areas, administrative office areas and commercial and financial areas, and is placed near at least one representative building in each area. The brightness measurement module with a large field of view monitors the brightness of building flood lighting; when measuring the environmental brightness, the monitoring point is selected in the center of the monitoring area or at the location with the most pedestrians, which should be suitable for the installation and operation of monitoring equipment, and should be used at the same time. Avoid direct illumination of the light source; when measuring the ambient brightness of the night sky, select the commanding height in the monitoring area as the monitoring point, the distance between adjacent monitoring points is at least 2Km, and the monitoring point is 1.5m above the ground; the measurement time period is 22:00 every night. From 00 to 06:00 the next day, measurement is performed once an hour, and eight directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast are selected at each monitoring point. Four aiming measurement directions of 30°, 60°, and 90°, and at least 3 consecutive measurements to calculate the average ambient brightness within the field of view in this direction; when measuring the brightness of a building, select the surface that represents the architectural features, and the same representative surface There are no less than 3 measurement points, and the arithmetic mean of the brightness of the measurement points is taken as the measured brightness of the building; the luminometer sends the measurement data to the controller through the serial port, and the controller sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless through the serial port after receiving the data. The transmission module is finally sent to the IoT cloud platform through the operator's base station, and the client server obtains the luminance measurement data from the IoT cloud platform. For the same measurement direction at the same time, the arithmetic average of multiple measurement data is taken as the direction measurement results; calculate the brightness level evaluation grade BLR,

Among them, L _o is the brightness of the object to be illuminated, and L _bg is the brightness of the background; for the ambient brightness of the night sky, calculate the average brightness L ₉₀ in the measurement direction of the 90° height angle; divide the possible value ranges of BLR and L ₉₀ into intervals, respectively, Different intervals are marked with different colors, mark the latitude and longitude information and monitoring range of each monitoring point on the map, find the color corresponding to the interval to which the actual measurement value of BLR or L ₉₀ belongs to each monitoring point, and fill in the map with this color The monitoring range of the monitoring point, draw the light pollution map of the monitoring area; During noise monitoring, select one or more monitoring points that can represent the environmental noise level in the rehabilitation area, residential office area, commercial and financial area, industrial production area and urban traffic trunk area for long-term monitoring. Satisfy the measurement conditions of the sound level meter, can avoid the reflective surface and nearby fixed noise sources, and the monitoring point should take into account the division of administrative areas; the sound level meter should be fixed on the bracket, and the sound level meter should be placed. The distance between the monitoring point and any reflector except the ground At least 3.5 meters, more than 1.2 meters above the ground, and more than 50 meters from the intersection; the monitoring points can be placed on high-rise buildings to expand the monitoring sound range; at least once a year and quarterly, each area is monitored on the date It should be relatively fixed, and each monitoring point should be continuously monitored for 24 hours each time; it should be monitored under the conditions of no rain and snow, no lightning, and wind speed below 5m/s, and a windscreen should be installed on the microphone of the sound level meter; sound level The measurement data of the meter passes through the core controller, NB-IoT wireless communication module, operator base station, and IoT cloud platform in turn, and finally reaches the client server to calculate the hourly equivalent sound level L _eq , the daytime equivalent sound level L _d and Night equivalent sound level L _n , day and night equivalent sound level L _dn and cumulative percent sound level L ₁₀ , L ₅₀ , L ₉₀ ; the index selected for drawing the noise pollution map is the hourly equivalent sound level L _eq ; The possible value range of the hourly equivalent sound level L _eq is divided into intervals. Different intervals are marked with different colors. The latitude and longitude information and monitoring range of each monitoring point are marked on the map, and the hourly equivalent sound level of each monitoring point is found. The color corresponding to the interval range to which it belongs, fill the detection range of the monitoring point with this color on the map, and draw the noise pollution map of the area. 6 . The method for monitoring urban sound and light pollution based on the narrowband Internet of Things according to claim 5 , wherein the longitude and latitude data of the monitoring point can be obtained by a professional GPS measuring instrument or a mobile phone with GPS measuring function. 7 . 7. The method for monitoring urban sound and light pollution based on the narrowband Internet of Things according to claim 5, wherein the number of noise monitoring points is adjusted according to the resident population in the urban area of the city. There are no less than 20 monitoring points in cities, no less than 15 monitoring points in large cities with a population between 1 million and 3 million, and no less than 10 monitoring points in medium-sized cities with a population between 500,000 and 1 million. There should be no less than 7 monitoring points in small cities with a number of less than 500,000.

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